非谓语动词 课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

一个句子（以句号为标志），在没有并列连词（并列句）、从属连词（主从复合句）的基础上，有且仅有一个谓语动词，体现该句子的时态和语态。 非谓语动词的概念 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词 它不受人称和数的限制 1. 非谓语的分类及含义 2. 非谓语的形式。 3. 后接不定式的动词； 4. think/make/feel/find/consider/believe it +to do 5. 疑问词+to do 6. only to do 表示没有预料到或事与愿违的结果 7. 后接动名词的动词或动介短语和句型。 8. 既可接不定式又可接动名词但含义不同的词。 9. 分词doing和done 的使用情况。 非谓语要点 非 谓 语 动 词 1. 不定式 to do (目的；将来) 2. 现在分词doing (主动；进行) 3. 过去分词 done (被动；完成) 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × × × × × 1. 非谓语动词作状语 (1)不定式作状语 ①表示目的 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。 George hurrieded to the station, only to be told that his train had just left. ③too...to... 结构，too 修饰形容词或副词，不定式表示否定含义。 only too...to... 或否定词+too...to... 结构，不定式表示肯定含义。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 箱子太沉，我搬不动。 I am only too pleased to help you. 能帮助您，我感到十分荣幸！ We are never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 ④enough to... 结构，enough 后置修饰形容词或副词，意思是“足以……”。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 孩子这么大了，该上学了。 ⑤不定式有些约定俗成的说法，可以用作独立状语，主要有： to tell the truth / to be honest 说实话 to cut a long story short 长话短说 to make matters worse 更糟糕的 to be sure 可以肯定的是 to be frank 坦率地说 (2)现在分词作状语 ①一般式 doing，表示动作和谓语动词几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。 Walking in the street, I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. (主动关系) ②完成式 having done，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子主语是主动关系。 Not having completed the programme, they have to stayed there for another two weeks. ③被动式having been done，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (3)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。 Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. The cup fell down to the ground, broken into pieces. 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 让步状语 结果状语 2. 非谓语动词作定语 (1)现在分词作定语 现在分词主动形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；现在分词被动形式(补语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。 The Slow Movement is a term that describes a wide range of efforts taking place around the world. This is one of the experiments being carried out in our country. (2)不定式作定语 不定式作定语表示未做的事情。 His first novel to be published next month is based on a love story. 不定式作定语的特殊用法： ①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance, courage, promise, opportunity, way, dream, the first, the second, the last, the only等。 The next train to arrive is from Washington D.C. ②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 Unluckily, in such a big family, there is no one to look after her. ③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。 She is always looking for a cheap room to live in. (3)过去分词作定语 过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。相当于一个含有被动形式的定语从句。 This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为“令人……的”； 动词-ed形式，意为“人感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。 3. 非谓语动词作宾语 (1) 动词不定式做宾语 动词agree, offer, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, dare, choose, wish, hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine等后面 + to do sth. David refused to accept my invitation to the concert. 注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：teach, decide, wonder, show, learn, forget, ask, find out, advise, discuss，know等。 Sorry, I really don’t know what to do with this kind of matter. (2)动名词做宾语 ①admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等后要+doing. Bill suggested holding a meeting during the vactation. ②动词短语can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, be devoted to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等后要+doing. I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable food we’d like to eat. The students are busy (in) preparing the mid-term examination. 注意：动词后面只能接动名词做宾语的顺口溜：建议完成多练习(suggest, advise, finish, practice)，避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, delay)，承认喜欢和原谅(admit, enjoy, like, love, forgive, excuse, pardon)，允许想象需欣赏(allow, imagine, appreciate)，反对逃脱与冒险( mind, escape, risk)，考虑抵制要继续( consider, resist, keep)，厌倦拖延别放弃(be tired of, put off, give up)，期望坚持定成功(look forward to, insist on, stick to, succeed in)。 Have you finished cleaning the windows?窗子擦好了吗？ Would you mind shutting the door?劳驾把门关上行吗？ I enjoyed working there because of the good pay.我在那里工作很高兴，待遇不错。 【注意】 want, require, need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。 The old house required to be repaired. The old house required repairing. 4. 非谓语动词作主语 (1)动名词作主语 Watching TV too long does harm to our eyes. It is no use crying over spilt milk. (动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语) It’s no good smoking, you’d better give it up. (2)不定式作主语 To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world. It is very enjoyable to swim with you. (不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语) 5. 非谓语动词作宾补 (1)现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别 ①现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是多是一些感官动词(短语)后，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。 可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have, see, hear, find, get, leave, notice, watch, keep, start, set, catch, smell, feel, send, listen to, look at等。 She noticed the man looking at her a couple of times. He discovered her sitting near the fire, reading a book. Just look at the heavy rain pouring down. I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. (被动，正在进行) ②过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have, see, hear, find, leave, want, make等。 In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity. Three famous parks in and around London had over 1,400 trees blown over. Later on the center had a large number of new trees planted. (2)不定式作补语 ①接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise, allow, ask, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, invite, remind, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on/upon, wait for等。 They forbade her to leave the country alone. Please remind me not to be late for the important meeting. We’re all longing for the new summer holiday to begin. ②接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有： make, have, let等使役动词 see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词。 如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。 Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. She was seen to enter the manager’s office ten minutes ago. (3)with复合结构（with＋宾语＋宾补） with复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节。 ①在句中作状语，表示条件、原因、时间、方式或伴随情况等，可以和相应的状语从句转换。 ②用作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。 (1)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语; (2)with+宾语+doing(表主动、进行); (3)with+宾语+done(表被动、完成); (4)with+宾语+to do(表未做)。 (1)with+名词+形容词 如: Before he came here, my father used to sleep with his eyes open. 我父亲来这儿之前,常常睁着眼睛睡觉。(表示伴随情况) (2)with+名词+介词短语 如: The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。(表示伴随情况) (3)with+名词+现在分词 如: With house prices going up so fast, we can’t even afford a second-hand house. 由于房价上涨很快,我们甚至连一套二手房都买不起。(表示原因) (4)with+名词+过去分词 如: He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他站了片刻,手仍然举着。(表示被动完成的动作) (5)with+名词+不定式 如: The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.  有这么多的名胜可参观,这个小孩感到很激动。(表示将来的动作) 6. 非谓语动词作表语 (1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. (2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 His biggest ambition is to go to Harvard University. The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。 书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦 1. 缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识 All of us thought it wrong for her to punish. All of us thought it wrong for her to be punished. The man lay on his back, with his whole body burying in the sand. The man lay on his back, with his whole body buried in the sand. (正) (误) (误) (正) 2. 缺少搭配意识 Would you please stop to watch TV? You have watched it for too long. Would you please stop watching TV? You have watched it for too long. Your old bicycle needs to repair. Your old bicycle needs repairing. Your old bicycle needs to be repaired. (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) 3. 缺少前后主语一致意识 Before handing in your test paper, it is necessary to go over the whole paper. Before handing in your test paper, you should go over the whole paper. Before you hand in your test paper, you should go over the whole paper. (误) (正) (正) 4. 缺少结构意识 Time permits, climbing the mountain is a good choice. Time permitting, climbing the mountain is a good choice. If time permits, climbing the mountain is a good choice. Having not been in the city long, I was still a stranger there. Not having been in the city long, I was still a stranger there. As I haven’t been in the city long, I was still a stranger there. (误) (误) (正) (正) (正) (正) 考 点 集 训 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. Having been warned of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend __________ (follow) her. 解析：考查 “with + 复合宾语”结构。a friend 与 follow 之间是主动关系。应该用现在分词。故填following。 2. Michael never dreamt of there being a chance for him __________ (send) abroad very soon. 解析：考查不定式被动形式。for sb. to do ... 是一个固定结构。另外，him和send是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“被派往国外”。故填to be sent。 to be sent following 3. Farmland is getting lost quickly, so they are considering ________ (start) a programme to solve the problem. 解析：考查动名词。consider后面可以接两种形式，consider + sb. to do / to be ...和consider + doing ...。这里考查第二种用法。故填starting。 4. Which do you enjoy _________ (spend) your holiday, going abroad or staying at home? 解析：考查动词不定式。enjoy的宾语是which，即在going abroad与staying at home中作出选择；to spend your holiday用作目的状语。故填to spend。 starting to spend 5. This problem is far from ____________ (settle), so it has to be discussed again at tomorrow’s meeting. 解析：考查动名词做介词宾语。介词 from 后应用动词的-ing 形式，且 settle 与 problem 之间存在着被动关系，故填being settled。 6. What is the way George thought of _______ (get) enough money to buy the house? 解析：考查动词不定式。George thought of是修饰way的定语从句，可以去掉，也可以当作插入语来对待，该句可变为What is the way ____ (get) enough money to buy the house? way 后面可用 to do 或 of doing ... 做后置定语。故填to get。 being settled to get 9. They really have a great time too, __________ (design) everything, drawing the blue prints, figuring out the angles and so on. 解析：考查动名词做介词宾语。have a (good/great) time (in) doing ... 意为“在......玩得很高兴”。因此应用动名词形式，也可以根据后面的两个-ing 形式来判断。故填designing。 10. David apologized for his not being able __________ (inform) me of the change in the plan. 解析：考查动词不定式。be able to do ... 是一个固定搭配，意为“能够做......”。故填to inform。 designing to inform 13. _____________ (save) a little money, Jane was able to buy her mother a lovely new watch. 解析：考查现在分词充当原因状语。save这一动作发生在主句动作之前,且动作发出者为主句的主语Jane，和是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填Having saved。 14.We saw new houses __________ (build) wherever we went on our visit. 解析：考查非谓语动词充当宾语补足语。过去分词表示被动和完成，-ing 形式表示正在进行；句意：不管我们到哪儿参观，都看到新房子正在建设，且 build与 houses 存在被动关系，应该用现在分词被动形式。故填being built。 Having saved being built II.语法填空(非谓语动词专练) Generally speaking, it is the family, not the school, that plays the primary role in _________ (educate) children for life. Parents are examples of children and children are the apple of parents. Parents must learn _______ (lead) by example, but it doesn’t call for perfection by any means. There is no good ______ (use) too many words. The lessons that you teach your children by ______ (do) things the right way in their presence are far more long lasting. Parents should encourage children _________ (admit) when they make mistakes. Children must learn to behave themselves: they apologize and are grateful for _________ (accept) others’ help, and learn to say please, thank-you or excuse me often; they have to manage ________ (solve) their own problems; if they make a promise, they will insist on ____________ (not break) it; they can give up _______ (lead) a dangerous childhood; they enjoy eating healthy food and are expected _______ (keep) fit. They can be happy if they choose to be happy. educating to lead using doing to admit accepting to solve not breaking to keep leading Ⅲ.增分写作训练 在写作中，运用非谓语动词是高级结构的表现，体现了个人的英语水平，也可以让阅卷老师眼前一亮。请利用非谓语动词升级以下句式： 1. The Mid-Autumn Festival is approaching. I’d like to invite you to celebrate it with my family. (利用with复合结构升级) With the Mid-Autumn Festival approaching, I’d like to invite you to celebrate it with my family. 2. He was depressed and low-spirited. He walked at the end of the line with his head drooping. (利用过去分词升级) Depressed and low-spirited, he walked at the end of the line with his head drooping. 3. When we saw the bikes in rows on the pavement, we really felt excited. (利用分词作状语升级) Seeing the bikes in rows on the pavement, we really felt excited. 4. The family name is shared by billions of Chinese, and has the same pronunciation as yours. (利用分词作定语升级) The family name shared by billions of Chinese has the same pronunciation as yours. 5. She had walked for quite a long time, then she found herself lost. (利用having done结构升级) Having walked for quite a long time, she found herself lost. $$