Unit 6 Period Five Part Ⅱ Writing-Writing a Summary (Word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Part Ⅱ　Writing—Writing a Summary 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章进行简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句子表述出来，不能照抄文章的原句，更不能把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。 这一文体主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 一、概要写作的步骤 1．确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。 2．寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。 3．重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。 4．重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。 简括为口诀：缩长见短，省却细腻。(括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子) 二、概要写作的具体方法 (一)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在时，那么基本时态用现在时；不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时，如The passage tells us that… (二)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。(特殊如书信等，可能会使用第一、二人称) (三)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。 1．同义替换法 Tom thought of an idea． →An idea occurred to Tom． 2．正话反说法 I think wealth is less important than health． →I don’t think wealth is more important than health． You will fail． →You won't succeed． 3．词性转换法 Your suggestions are very valuable． →Your suggestions are of great value． 4．介词短语法 We are sure to finish it in time because so many people are helping us． →With so many people helping us, we are sure to finish it in time． 5．句式变化法 (1)语态变换 Today people in the world widely use computers． →Computers are widely used in the world today． (2)简单句变复合句 The weather turned out to be very good．This was more than we could expect． →The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect． (3)连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。 He insisted on staying．He was not willing to go． →He insisted on staying rather than/instead of going． (4)词序改变法 Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting． →Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests． (5)特殊句式法 Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too． →Jim wants to go boating, and so do his parents． 三、记叙文概要写作 (一)写作方法：要素串联法 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交代清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who, how，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。 [常用表达] The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher． The author tells us a story about a ． The passage is a story about ． According to the passage, the hero in the story ． (二)记叙文概要分类模板 (1)点明写作目的类： The writer tells us…(主题) by showing us an example of…， who/which…(故事情节) (2)作者经历类： In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which… (3)他人经历类： This passage is mainly about sb's experience of doing sth… 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Discovering a Lost Brother ①Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother named Vincent．Though Kieron spent years thinking about him, he could never track him down． ②That changed in December 2017, when Kieron's adoptive parents gave him an Ancestry DNA test as a Christmas gift．Kieron, now 21, sent his saliva(唾液) sample in for analysis．When his results came back, he was stunned to find he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test．Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it was labeled “close family”．His name was Vincent Ghant．Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection．“This is going to sound so wild…but I think you're my brother，” Kieron wrote on Facebook's Messenger app．“I was given up for adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date．Her name is Shawn．” ③“OMG do you know your real name？” wrote Vincent, now 30． ④“I think it was Tyler．” ⑤“OMG YES! ! ! You are my brother．” ⑥“Wow, ” wrote Kieron． ⑦“This is crazy, ” said Vincent． ⑧The craziness was just beginning．As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other．More surprisingly, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies． ⑨Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and now still remembers caring for his baby brother．But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed． ⑩“She was very emotional about that time, to the point where it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened, ” Vincent says． ⑪Now the brothers had the chance to make up for the lost time．They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week． ⑫One of Vincent's concerns was that Kieron might resent his birth family for placing him for adoption．He was relieved Kieron didn't, and that he'd grown up in a loving family． ⑬Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more．They played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families．“We'll keep growing our relationship until it's time to leave this planet, ” says Vincent．That shouldn't be hard．As Kieron says, “We've got years and years to catch up on．” [审题] 本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥 Vincent，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及他们迅速建立了感情。 [谋篇] 全文可以划分为三个部分： ①～⑧第一部分：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。 ⑨～⑩第二部分：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。 ⑪～⑬第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。 细读原文，可概括成以下四个要点： 要点一：That changed in December 2017, when Kieron's adoptive parents gave him an Ancestry DNA test as a Christmas gift．His name was Vincent Ghant．Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection．“This is going to sound so wild…but I think you're my brother, ” 可概括为： Kieron found his brother Vincent through an Ancestry DNA test and Facebook． 要点二：Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and now still remembers caring for his baby brother．But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed． 可概括为： Kieron was given up for adoption by his mother when he was a baby． 要点三：As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other．More surprisingly, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies． 可概括为： Surprisingly, they lived quite close to each other and studied the same subjects in the same university． 要点四：Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more．As Kieron says, “We've got years and years to catch up on．” 可概括为： After their first meeting, the two brothers quickly bonded and would improve their relationship in the years to come． 请运用同义句转述或句子重构来替换以上要点句， 并运用适当的过渡词语把它们连接起来组成一篇概要写作。 One possible version： Kieron, given up for adoption by his mother when he was a baby, found his brother Vincent through an Ancestry DNA test and Facebook．Surprisingly, they lived quite close to each other and studied the same subjects in the same university．After their first meeting, the two brothers quickly bonded and would improve their relationship in the years to come． 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Former Student Returns from China David Holmes studied at our school from 2000 to 2008． He has recently returned from his studies in China．David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had． In 2008, he went to Culture University where he got interested in Chinese culture． After graduating from university, he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University．Two years later, he was able to speak very good Chinese． Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China．Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing． In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students． Most of the students that he taught have become his friends． When he returned to Britain two months ago, he brought back from China many interesting books, dictionaries, paintings and photographs．He donated most of them to our school library． Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students．The paintings that David donated to the school are being displayed(展览) in the assembly(集会) hall．Teachers and students at our school wish to thank David for his kindness． Next month we will have our school open day． We have invited David to be one of our guest speakers． He will make a speech about his experiences in China． The speech is going to be at 3 p．m． on 9th October． At the end of his speech, there will be 30 minutes for questions and answers．So, if you are interested in knowing more about China, you mustn't miss the chance to meet David on the open day． One possible version： David Holmes graduated from our school and developed his love in Chinese in university． After graduation, he studied Chinese in China． He not only speaks Chinese well, but also learns well about China． When he returned, he donated many valuable things from China to our school． David will give a speech about China on our school open day next month． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$