Unit 6 课时作业(11)(Word练习)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(十一) (限时：35分钟) Ⅰ．阅读 Grace Hopper (December 9, 1906— January 1,1992) She was a computer scientist from the United States．She developed the first compiler for a computer programming language．She pioneered the idea of writing computer programs in a language close to English．She was instrumental in the establishment of testing standards for computer systems．She made important contributions to computer technology． Barbara McClintock (June 16,1902— September 2,1992) She was an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983．She led the development of the maize cytogenetics(细胞遗传学)．She discovered the process of transposition and used it to demonstrate how genes are associated with the presence or absence of certain physical characteristics in human beings．She is one of the most famous cytogeneticists of the world． Chien-Shiung Wu (May 31,1912— February 16,1997) She was a Chinese-American scientist known for her work in radioactivity．She was a part of the Manhattan project where she helped develop the process of making uranium-235 and uranium-238．Her experiment established that weak interaction did not follow the law of conservation of parity．She was a winner of the first Wolf Prize in Physics and was often compared with Marie Curie, giving her nicknames like the Chinese Madame Curie． Anita Roberts(April 3, 1942—May 26,2006) She was a molecular biologist who was instrumental in the discovery of the protein TGF-beta．This protein has the potential of playing a double role of blocking as well as stimulating cancer and it helps in the curing of wounds and fractures．Anita Roberts is one of the most-cited scientists in the world． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为应用文，主要介绍了四位女科学家以及她们在各自领域取得的骄人成绩。 1．What do Grace Hopper and Barbara MeClintock have in common? A．They won Nobel Prize． B．They were from America． C．They passed away at age 86． D．They studied computer technology． 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二段第一句可知，格雷斯·霍珀和芭芭拉·麦克林托克的共同之处在于她们都是美国人，故选B项。 2．What can we learn about Chien-Shiung Wu? A．She is a great physicist． B．She was a student of Marie Curie． C．She was famous for studying genes． D．She was instrumental in computer technology． 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的She was a winner of the first Wolf Prize in Physics可知，吴健雄是一位出色的物理学家，故选A项。 3．Whose contributions are greatly beneficial to patients? A．Grace Hopper's． B．Anita Roberts'． C．Chien-Shiung Wu's． D．Barbara McClintock's． 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，这种蛋白质有可能起到双重作用，阻断的同时也刺激癌症，有助于伤口和骨折的愈合，由此可知，安妮塔·罗伯茨的研究对患者有益，故选B项。 Ma Long has had a good student image since childhood．Ma, born in Anshan, Liaoning, the “home of table tennis”， was sent by his father to practice table tennis when he was 5 years old, and he went to Shenyang at the age of 11．At 15, Ma Long joined the national team．Although he was the least talkative boy of the players, his perseverance(坚持不懈) was as great as his overall strength in table tennis．In 2006, at 18, Ma Long, together with his teammates, won a team world championship． Behind early fame of the genius is Ma Long's almost paranoid(偏执的) strictness towards himself．His daily routine throughout four seasons was a two-point line between the dormitory and the training hall, and he was the first to arrive and the last to leave on a daily basis．He had been doing so for ten years, monotonously and repetitively．His coach Liu Guoliang once said, “I went to the table tennis hall on a Sunday morning for an unannounced inspection to see how many players were training on Sunday．Only one person in the men's first team was there… A genius is not your fear, but your fear is that a genius works harder than you do．” Such a genius is Ma Long． However, after joining the team for nearly a decade, he suffered various types of failure, and thus was questioned by everyone．At that time, his teammate, another top player, returned to the national team．From then on, the teammate was so invincible that he achieved the personal Grand Slam(大满贯) within only 445 days, which was done in the shortest time in record．Seeing the teammate's achievements, Ma Long, at the lowest point, had the idea of retiring．But he was unwilling to just “disappear”． Then came the Suzhou 2015 World Championship, Ma Long crowned his career, winning the singles champion, and it had been ten years since he won a world championship last time．This title seemed to give him new prospect and all of his efforts paid off． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/体育。本文为记叙文，介绍了马龙的成名之路以及他为此付出的努力。 4．What can we know about Ma Long in Paragraph 1? A．He was an outgoing and sociable person． B．He won the first world singles championship at 18． C．He started to practice at 5 in the absence of his parents． D．He stood out for his determination and professional skills． 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，马龙以他的决心和专业技能脱颖而出，故选D项。 5．What can we infer about Ma Long according to Liu Guoliang? A．Years of training witnessed his loneliness． B．He was worn-out and under inspection every day． C．Hardship and fears swallowed him without mercy． D．The road to fame was never smooth but rather tough． 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段刘国梁的话可知，马龙的成名之路从来不是平坦的，而是艰难的，故选D项。 6．What does the underlined word “invincible” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Approachable．　　　 B．Matchless． C．Selfless． D．Unbearable． 答案　B 解析　词句猜测题。画线词所在句讲到，他的队友只用了445天就完成了个人大满贯，这是历史上最短的时间。由此可知，他的队友很无敌，推测invincible意为“无敌的”，和matchless意思相近，故选B项。 7．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Ma Long: Pain is Worthy of a Champion B．Ma Long: Victory Deserves Focus of Attention C．Ma Long: Glory is Bound to Fade Away D．Ma Long: Chance Favors the Intelligent 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍马龙的成名之路以及他为此付出的努力，故选A项(马龙：痛苦配得上冠军)。 One of the winners of this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal．When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”． Meldal's experience may come as a surprise to students．They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful．But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case． Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal．They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”， or “Renaissance”． The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students．They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests．They are, in a way, learning how to be creative． Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems．In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but recognizing problems that need to be solved． The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another”． They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business．He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people's bodies． The Michigan State professors study creativity．They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists．The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests, Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习。本文为说明文。研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人。 8．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage? A．Meldal's winning Nobel Prize． B．Meldal's original working field． C．Meldal's desire to understand the world． D．Meldal's study with Michigan State University． 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段末句和第二段第二句可知，学生们感到惊讶的是梅尔达尔最初的工作领域，故选B项。 9．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”？ A．People who concentrated on just one field． B．People who are committed lifelong to their career． C．People who are equipped with various interests． D．People who are admired for established achievements． 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末句和第四段第二句可知，可以被归类为“博学多才”或“多才多艺”的人是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人，故选C项。 10．What's the author's attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins' discovery? A．Tolerant． B．Cautious． C．Negative． D．Objective． 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段首句和倒数第二段首句可知，本文作者只是转述鲁特·伯恩斯坦夫妇的发现，因此作者持客观态度，故选D项。 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize B．An Unbelievable Discovery C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner D．An Amazing Rise to Fame 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀，故选A项(赢得最高奖的秘密)。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 Holding conversations Holding conversations may not seem like a skill．After all, everyone talks to other people frequently．　1　 Here are some ways to make conversations more fun and less awkward． Body language As strange as it may seem, much communication happens without any words．　2　 When you're talking with someone，stand up straight and look them in the eye．This shows that you're confident．And if you're nervous，acting like you're confident can help you feel more confident．When you're listening, look at the other person．Lean(倾斜) forward to show that you're interested in what they're saying． Back and forth A good conversation is not a speech, which means that both people need to join．If you're doing all the talking, stop to give the other person time to speak．　3　 When you ask questions, try to come up with open-ended ones．　4　 Open-ended questions in English usually start with who, what, when, where and why． Don't fear silence Don't worry if the conversation has quiet moments．Every conversation has some．Think of them as opportunities to change the subject to something you're interested in．　5　 Or once again, you can ask a question about the other person． As with any skill, you will improve at holding conversations with time．So if you're shy, be brave, ask a question, and start a conversation． A．Some people are afraid of speaking in public． B．If they don't say anything, try asking them a question． C．The way you stand and act tells people a lot about you． D．There are a lot of different ways to read body language． E．But talking to new people makes many people nervous． F．You could also talk about something you've done recently． G．That means questions where the answer is more than just “yes” or “no”． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/社会交往。本文为说明文，介绍了一些关于愉快轻松沟通的诀窍。 1．答案　E 解析　转折关系。空前一句说每个人都经常跟他人讲话，E项(但是和刚认识的人讲话会让许多人紧张不安)与其构成转折关系，故选E项。 2．答案　C 解析　顺承关系。上文讲到很多交流不需要语言，C项(你站立和行为的方式告诉了人们很多关于你的事)承接上文，故选C项。 3．答案　B 解析　并列关系。上文讲到，交谈中要有来有往，给对方说话的机会。B项和空前一句都是一种让双方都参与到交谈中的方式，且与下文中的When you ask questions相呼应，故选B项。 4．答案　G 解析　解释关系。G项(这指答案不只是“是”或“否”的问题)是对空前open-ended ones的具体解释，故选G项。 5．答案　F 解析　并列关系。F项与空后一句是并列关系，都是处理聊天冷场时的方式，故选F项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$