复合句-定语从句 课件 2025届高考英语一轮复习

定语从句 EFFICIENT CLASSROOM 概念：复合句中用来修饰和限定名词和代词的句子 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。 分类： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句‌ 关系代词 EFFICIENT CLASSROOM PART-01 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 区分 that which who whom whose as that 既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 这个古老的小镇有狭窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。 Some people register a list of things that they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. 有些人会在当地的家或多家商店里为他们的新家登记他们想要或需要的东西清单。 which 用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other.在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面，她很有天赋。 that 和 which 的用法区分（只能用which的情况） (1)、引导非限制性定语从句时，只用 which,不用that。 ●A coin is put into the cake, which signifies success in the New Year for the person who receives it. (2)、关系代词指物，且其前有介词时，只用 which，不用that。 ●Protecting the mountain forests in which giant pandas live has been good for many other animals. (3)、先行词本身是that时，只用 which。 ●What is that which you have put into the plastic cup. 关系代词只用that不用 which的情况。 (1)、先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, none, something, everything,  nothing , anything等时。 (2)、先行词被 the only,  the very , the last,  the same, the right, all, any,  every, each, few, little, no，some等词修饰时。 (3)、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 (4)、先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 (5)、先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 (6)、当主句是以who或 which开头的特殊疑问句时。 (7)有两个定语从句时，如果一个从句用 which引导，则另一个从句用that引导。 (8)、主句是 there be句型，且关系词在从句中作主语时，如果先行词指物、用that，不用 which；如果先行词指人,常用who引导定语从句。 1．They asked about the things and teachers ______ they still remembered in the school. 2．Library is always the first place ________ he goes to when he feels upset. 3．Who is the person ________ is standing at the gate? 4．China’s Chang’e 5 lunar probe ________ landed on the moon has successfully brought moon samples back to earth. 5．This is the hotel ________he stayed at last month. 6．People spoke highly of the driver ___________, in spite of the terrible weather, had saved his passengers from danger. 7．Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their strengths. 8．This is the boy ________ father died three years ago. 9．I saw some trees ___________ leaves were black with disease. 10．Ms Wang is the teacher ____________ son was admitted to Peking University. who 用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. whom 用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替;但是,若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语,，不可用who代替。 In our class there are 48students, half of whom are girls. whose  表示所属关系,既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom 。 Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. The house whose roof is painted blue is my home. as  引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构: ①such+名词+as…,意为像……一样的；像……之类的”; ②such(+代词+as)  意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”； ③the same(+名词+)as…,意为 “和……一样的”。 He is such a man as is always ready to help others.. I have the same book as you(have).我有一本和你的as,样的书。 as 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分,意为“正如; as is well-- known/ known to all as is expected/reported/ announced as has been said before as is mentioned above 关系副词 PART-02 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when     where     why   关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表示时间的介词(in, at, on, during等)+ which” ●He lived in the times when （=in which） the blind couldn't get much education. 在他生活的那个时代，盲人没受过多少教育。 ●The days are gone when （=during which)physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 关系副词 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表示地点的介词(in, at, on, under等)+ which'” ●I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where (=at which)we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友一起登上了山顶,在那里我们欣赏到了壮丽的湖光美景。 ●Many of these bags end up in the ocean where( =in which)larger ones can trap sea creatures,such as turtles and dolphins. 这些袋子中很多的最终归宿是大海,在那里，大一些的袋子会困住海洋生物，如海龟和海豚。 【特别注意】 若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation, point, stage, position等，且引词在从句中作状语， ●I have come to the point where（=at which） I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。 ●He's got into the situation where（=in which） he is in debt. 他已经陷入负债累累的境地。 ●At last he got the position （that/which) he had been dreaming of. 他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。 抽象地点总结：point、stage、position、case、policy、condition、situation、activity、atmosphere、platform、website... 关系副词why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which. ●Is this the reason why（=for which） he refused our offer?    这就是他拒绝我们的提议的理由吗? ●Do you know the reason why（=for which） he didn't attend the meeting?     你知道他没参加会议的原因吗? 1我们的生命依靠着我们从中获得食物的土地。 Our lives depend on the land where/ from which we get our food. 2他不大可能找到十年前吃过晚餐的那个小饭馆了。 It’s impossible for him to find the restaurant in which/ where he had dinner 10 years ago. 3我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料materials 。（用such…as…） We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 4长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors. 5[泰坦尼克号Titanic]是这些精彩的电影中唯一由好莱坞Hollywood制作的电影。 Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood. 6我们经历了一个阶段，这期间在农村的通信是非常困难的。( 用in which ) We went through a period in which communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 7这么多年来，唯一令我不能忘怀的就是家乡的那条河。 For all these years, the only thing that I can’t forget is the river in my hometown. 介词+关系代词 PART-03 介词的选择可依据以下原则： (1)根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。 I admire my English teacher very much from whom I learn a lot.(learn from sb为固定搭配) (2)根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。 There are some people to whom you can turn.(turn to sb为固定搭配) (3)根据从句中的形容词搭配来确定。 He introduced me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.(be familiar with为固定搭配) (4)表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。 She has seen many films，of which Kung Fu Panda is her favorite. 1. (全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 我计划在暑期到一家公司做兼职，期望通过这种方式来提高我的英语口语和社交能力。 I am planning to do a part-time job in a foreign company during the summer break，through which I could improve my spoken English and social skills. 2. (天津高考书面表达)我想借此机会表达你对我慷慨帮助的感激之情，没有你的帮助，我不会取得如此快的进步。 I’d like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you for your generous help, without which I wouldn’t make such rapid progress. 3. (四川高考书面表达) 一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。 There are four seasons in a year，each of which has distinctive features. 4. 我买了很多书，这些书花光了我攒下的所有的积蓄。 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. 5. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是家人。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 练习时间 易错： 1.定语从句&并列句 ①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree. ②They live in a small house, and in front of________stands an orange tree. ③The old man has three sons, none of _________ is a doctor. ④The old man has three sons, but none of __________ is a doctor. which ； it ； whom ； them 2.关系代词&关系副词 1）I will never forget these days, ________we devoted to finishing the project on time. 2）I will never forget these days, ________ we played basketball together every day. which； when 1）The reason he didn't come in time is poor health. 2）The reason he gave for his absence didn't hold water. 3）We are at a point we need to make a decision. 4）The museum we visited last week was very crowded. 5）I will remember the day we visit you 6）I will remember the day we spent together why；that/which；where；that/which；when；that/which 3.关系代词as的用法 1）He is such a good boy _______ everyone in our class loves him a lot. 2）He is such a good boy _______ is loved by all the students in our class. 1）________ is known to us all, Mo Yan becomes so famous after he win the Noble Prize. 2）________ is known to us all is that Mo Yan becomes so famous after he win the Noble Prize. 3）________ is known to us all that Mo Yan becomes so famous after he win the Noble Prize. that；as；as；What；It 4.当先行词是way时，引导词的选择。 要点1_________________________________________________ 1）I don’t like the way _______ you speak to your parents. that / in which / 不填 5.定语从句与强调句式的区别 要点______________________________________________ 1）It was in 1990 _______ my father set up his own school. 2）It was 1990 _______ my father set up his own school. 强调句去掉 it is that 仍旧是一个完整的句式 that； when 1．To attract visitors to the coaster, the park has just released (发布) new photos and videos online, ________ show what the coaster will be like from the perspective (视角) of person riding. 2．Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads will be built and the Metro system will be expanded, ________ can reduce traffic jams. 3．The majority of the ads were also promoting extra-curricular education institutions, ________ have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students. 4．After running a restaurant for several years, he retired at the age of 65 and received his first social security check, ________ was for $105, as his only income. 5．______ you know, Julia is leaving soon. 6．The film brought the hours back to me ___________I was taken good care of in that small village. 7．Steven is a designer ________ works have won international praise. 8．John has been unwell, and this may be the reason ________ he lost the match. 9．Gone are the days ________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies. 10．In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations ________ would bring about positive emotions. 11．The train ran over to a boy and his dog ________ were just crossing the track. 12．I have been reading Commonwealth by Ann Patchett recently. I think it is the most interesting book ________ I have ever read. 13．It was in the small house ________ was built with stones that he spent his childhood. 14．If you want to learn the piano well, all _______ you have to do is to practice every day with correct methods. 15．They talked about the things and people ________ they met during the trip. 16．My grandmother lived in a generation ________ women were looked down upon. 17．Whether you like it or not, we live in a community ________ online chatting is an important part of communication. 18．This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of. 19．Officials of our city are considering a law ________ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals. 20．In the fast moving information age, teenagers should keep pace with the media environment ________ they communicate with the outside world. 21．Analysts in China say there are three factors ________ contribute to the sudden increase of bikes. 22．Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ________ family was poor. 23．He went to the primary school ________ he once studied for four years. 24．I’ve read all the books ________ were borrowed from others. 25．This is the computer ________ he bought for his son yesterday. 参考答案速查： 1．which 2．which 3．which 4．which 5．As 6．when 7．whose 8．why 9．when 10．which##that 11．that 12．that##不填 13．which##that 14．that##不填 15．that 16．when 17．where 18．that##which 19．that##which 20．where##in which 21．that 22．whose 23．where 24．that 25．which##that Thank you for your attention $$