考点清单03 选择性必修一Unit1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别与用法- 2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

外研版选择性必修一 Unit 1　 单元重点语法： [观察例句] 1．I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. 2．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. 3．In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. 4．I speak with the on­duty nurse，who tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital... 5．Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful. [归纳用法] 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述 1．限制性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，对先行词起限制确定作用。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，两者之间一般不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city. 他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 除了在标点运用及从句的作用方面不同之外，这两类定语从句还有一些区别。 1．关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in China.(which不可换用that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week. 对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。 [即时训练] ①A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. ②I'm sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier，for which，I must say，I apologize. 2．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected. 他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 3．关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、状语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。 I still remember the days we spent together in college. 我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which) She is not the one (that) she used to be. 她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语) 4．英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。 Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 上星期天我们用的机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success. 那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him. 他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。 三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等 句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision. 大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。 巩固练习： 单句填空A组 1.I will run through the most common questions_____________ are often asked by people. 2.Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the library __________he established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji,Shanxi Province. 3.The number of smokers,___________is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 4. Much of the early tea in China was grown on small farms and plantations, many of _________were tended by Buddhist monks. 5.The idea has quickly spread to Europe in___________ special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old. 6.The root of the carnival dates back to 1833___________slavery was abolished. 7.We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night,____________seats more than 300 students. 8.There are many reasons__________ English is so widely used around the world in the fields of science,business, and more. 9.A father,__________son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all. 10. The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ____________rain falls throughout the year. 单句填空 B组 1.My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat anything__________I want simply with a tap on my phone. 2. The liquid oxygen needed to fuel the flight is also needed in hospitals,_________doctors use to keep dangerously sick patients alive. 3. _____________the expert says, the taste of the food depends on whom you're eating with-caring family members, intimate friends, or just by yourself as you stay all alone, enjoying this quiet moment. 4.DIT refers to the number of calories the body expends when heating itself and digesting food. It was shown to be higher for those ______________ate more at breakfast than at dinner. 5. Humans like to live and work in groups. Language is the“cement”（接合剂）____________ holds these groups together. 6.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission,_________represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space. 7.In fact, tango raised a few eyebrows among the conservative members of society, __________found it a little too shocking. 8.Basically, baking is a creative activity ___________you can imagine a happy moment in the future. 9. Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music ________shows their present life circumstances. 10.The woman ____________treated my child is an outstanding doctor. 语法填空 Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technique that boosted human civilization. As Buddhism gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, a strong need 1________(arise) to produce numerous Buddhist scriptures （经书），and copying by hand could not meet 2_________ rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus invented woodblock printing for mass production, 3____________ (mark) a major turning point in printing history. There are four steps involved in 4__________(tradition) woodblock printing, with each step subdivided into several procedures. 5_____________ lies at the center of the technique is carving. Characters and images 6____________ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper. A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, 7 _____________(make) in 868, is the “earliest dated woodblock printed book” in the words of the British Library 8 ____________it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also demonstrate the 9___________ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries. The invention of writing gave life 10_____________ great thoughts, but it is the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 1　 单元重点语法： [观察例句] 1．I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. 2．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. 3．In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. 4．I speak with the on­duty nurse，who tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital... 5．Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful. [归纳用法] 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述 1．限制性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，对先行词起限制确定作用。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，两者之间一般不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。 2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city. 他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 除了在标点运用及从句的作用方面不同之外，这两类定语从句还有一些区别。 1．关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in China.(which不可换用that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week. 对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。 [即时训练] ①A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. ②I'm sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier，for which，I must say，I apologize. 2．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected. 他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 3．关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、状语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。 I still remember the days we spent together in college. 我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which) She is not the one (that) she used to be. 她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语) 4．英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。 Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 上星期天我们用的机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success. 那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him. 他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。 三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等 句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months. 正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision. 大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。 巩固练习： 单句填空A组 1.I will run through the most common questions_____________ are often asked by people. 2.Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the library __________he established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji,Shanxi Province. 3.The number of smokers,___________is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 4. Much of the early tea in China was grown on small farms and plantations, many of _________were tended by Buddhist monks. 5.The idea has quickly spread to Europe in___________ special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old. 6.The root of the carnival dates back to 1833___________slavery was abolished. 7.We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night,____________seats more than 300 students. 8.There are many reasons__________ English is so widely used around the world in the fields of science,business, and more. 9.A father,__________son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all. 10. The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ____________rain falls throughout the year. 单句填空 B组 1.My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat anything__________I want simply with a tap on my phone. 2. The liquid oxygen needed to fuel the flight is also needed in hospitals,_________doctors use to keep dangerously sick patients alive. 3. _____________the expert says, the taste of the food depends on whom you're eating with-caring family members, intimate friends, or just by yourself as you stay all alone, enjoying this quiet moment. 4.DIT refers to the number of calories the body expends when heating itself and digesting food. It was shown to be higher for those ______________ate more at breakfast than at dinner. 5. Humans like to live and work in groups. Language is the“cement”（接合剂）____________ holds these groups together. 6.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission,_________represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space. 7.In fact, tango raised a few eyebrows among the conservative members of society, __________found it a little too shocking. 8.Basically, baking is a creative activity ___________you can imagine a happy moment in the future. 9. Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music ________shows their present life circumstances. 10.The woman ____________treated my child is an outstanding doctor. 语法填空 Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technique that boosted human civilization. As Buddhism gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, a strong need 1________(arise) to produce numerous Buddhist scriptures （经书），and copying by hand could not meet 2_________ rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus invented woodblock printing for mass production, 3____________ (mark) a major turning point in printing history. There are four steps involved in 4__________(tradition) woodblock printing, with each step subdivided into several procedures. 5_____________ lies at the center of the technique is carving. Characters and images 6____________ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper. A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, 7 _____________(make) in 868, is the “earliest dated woodblock printed book” in the words of the British Library 8 ____________it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also demonstrate the 9___________ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries. The invention of writing gave life 10_____________ great thoughts, but it is the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind. 解析： 单句填空A组 1．that 句意为：我将简要介绍一下人们最常问的问题。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词questions，在从句中作主语，且先行词被形容词最高级形式the most common修饰，故填that。 2．that／which 句意为：杜德建在山西省永济市张坊村的家中建立了图书馆，在过去的40年里，他在那里接待了无数的参观者。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为library，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，故填that/which。 3．as 句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在短短一年内就下降了17％。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，故填as。 4．which 句意为：中国早期的茶叶大部分是在小农场和种植园种植的，这些地方大多是由佛教僧侣照料的。分析句子结构可知，many of＿引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 small farms and plantations，指物，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用which引导。故填which。 5．which 句意为：这个理念迅速传播到欧洲，如今在欧洲特殊的课程被提供给7至24个月大的儿童。分析句子结构可知，in＿引导定语从句，先行词为Europe，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用which，in which在从句中作地点状语，故填which。 6．when 句意为；狂欢节的起源要追溯到1833年，那时奴隶制被废除。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词1833指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导该从句。 7．which 句意为；我们昨晚在学校演讲厅参加了会议，这个大厅能坐下300多名学生。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the school lecture hall，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用 which引导该从句。 8．why 句意为：英语在世界各地的科学、商业等领域被如此广泛使用是有很多原因的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。 9．whose 句意为：一位有个16岁儿子的父亲感觉很担忧，因为他的儿子根本没有勇气。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词father，关系词在从句中作定语，即A father和son之间为所属关系，故应用whose引导该从句。 10．where 句意为：热带和温带地区全年降雨，茶树在那里长得最好。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的从句起修饰作用，为定语从句，先行词是places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导该从句。 单句填空B组 1．that 句意为：我不再用钱包了。只要点一下手机，我就可以买任何我想要的东西，吃任何我想吃的东西。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词为anything，关系词只能用that。故填that。 2. which 句意为：为飞行提供燃料所需的液氧也是医院所需要的，医生们用其来维持病危患者的生命。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The liquid oxygen，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 which引导该从句。 3. As 句意为：正如该专家所说，食物的味道取决于你和谁一起吃饭——体贴的家人、亲密的朋友，或者只是当你独自一人的时候自己吃饭，享受这安静的时刻。此处引导定语从句，as sb.says为固定句型，意为“正如某人所说”。故填As。 4. who 句意为：食物诱导产热指的是身体在保暖和消化食物时所消耗的热量。研究表明，对于那些早餐吃得比晚餐多的人来说，食物诱导产热更高。此处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语；当先行词为one，ones或those等时，关系词用who。 5．that／which 句意为：人类喜欢群居和团队协作。语言是把这些团体凝聚在一起的“接合剂”。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为cement，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用that／which引导该从句。 6．which 句意为：这一次，天问系列将执行第一次火星探测任务，这代表中国迈向外太空的一个里程碑。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。 7．who 句意为：事实上，探戈引起了社会中保守的成员的些许不满，他们觉得探戈有点太令人震惊了。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the conservative members of society，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。 8.where 句意为：从根本上说，烘焙是一种创造性的活动，在这个活动中，你可以想象未来的快乐时刻。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为activity，是抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 补充：此题先行词为表示抽象地点的名词 activity，不同于普通的地点名词，考生因不熟悉这一点，很容易将指代先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的成分混淆，认为其作主语、宾语或者表语，事实上关系词在从句中作地点状语。 9．that 句意为：来自社会心理学的另一个观点是人们喜欢听恰好可以反映他们现在生活境况的音乐。分析句子结构可知，此处应是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词为music，指物，被the very修饰，故应用that引导该从句。 10．that／who 句意为：治疗我孩子的女士是一位优秀的医生。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为The woman，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用that／who引导该从句。 语法填空 1．arose 句意为：随着佛教在唐代的普及，制作大量的佛经的强烈需求出现了，而手抄已不能满足这个日益增长的需求。根据时间状语 during the Tang Dynasty 可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填arose。 2．the 句意见上一题解析。前文提到了a strong need，此处特指该需求，所以应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 3．marking 句意为：中国古代工匠因此发明了用于大批量生产的雕版印刷，这标志着印刷史上一个重大的转折点。此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填marking。 4．traditional 句意为：传统的雕版印刷有四个步骤，每个步骤又分为几道工序。此处修饰名词短语 woodblock printing，作定语，应用形容词 traditional。故填traditional。 5．What 句意为：这种技术的核心是雕刻。此处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“······的东西”，故用what，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 6．are carved 句意为：文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，这些凸起的区域和线条最终将墨水印在纸上。主语 Characters and images 与 carve是被动关系，应用被动语态；此处描述雕版印刷的步骤，应用一般现在时，且主语为复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are carved。 7．made 句意为：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛经《金刚经》现藏于大英图书馆。据大英图书馆记载，它是“最早的标有年代的雕版印刷书籍”。make在此应用非谓语动词作定语，与逻辑主语A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra 是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填made。 8．where 句意见上一题解析。此处先行词为the British Library，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，所以应用关系副词 where。故填where。 9．pursuit 句意为：这只是古代艺术品的一个代表，它不仅讲述了我们祖先的智慧，也展示了几个世纪以来中国工匠对美的追求。此处作demonstrate的宾语，应该用名词pursuit。故填pursuit。 10．to 句意为：文字的发明孕育了伟大的思想，但印刷术的发明使知识成为全人类共享的成果。give life to为固定搭配，意为“赋予······生命”。故填to。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$