北京市西城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题讲评课件

2024西城期末试卷讲评 2024.9 完形填空 1 A winter storm dropped huge amounts of snow overnight on January 16 in western Pennsylvania. Coach Brian Delallo, who worked on a local high school football team, decided to    1    his players’ weightlifting practice. He texted his players saying: “Due to the expected severe    2   , Monday’s weightlifting workout has been cancelled. Find an elderly or disabled neighbor and shovel (为……除雪) their driveway. Don’t accept any    3   —that’s our Monday workout.” 1. A. try out B. pick up C. go over D. call off 2. A. injury B. weather C. disease D. pressure 3. A. money B. apology C. challenge D. request D B A 完形填空 2 The players received the message and went out to work on the more than six inches of snow that fell overnight. They said that they removed  4 from dozens of homes. Some players texted their coach afterwards to tell him how 5 it was. “We all feel great about it,” said team captain Gavin Moul. “It’s not only helping them, but it’s helping us to become a better team.” 3 Many of the people whom the team members approached couldn’t believe that the players wouldn’t accept any payment. Sometimes people even    6    their help because they wouldn’t take money for it.  4. A. dirt B. water C. snow D. waste 5. A. demanding B. rewarding  C. promising       D. amusing 6. A. sought B. got C. appreciated D. refused C B D 4 Actually, it was not the first time for the team to have shoveling workout. It was started by a coach more than two decades ago. It was one of the many 7 the team kept. 5 “It’s about community.” the coach said. “It is an inspiring way for us to interact with our community and show that it    8   . Shoveling snow is just one of those opportunities to show appreciation to the community that supports us.” The team got a workout and gave    9    to the community by doing these acts of kindness at the same time. It was a    10    for all. 完形填空 7. A. goals B. secrets C. traditions D. jobs 8. A. matters B. cares C. works   D. stays 9. A. off B. up C. in D. back 10. A. way B. win C. must D. lesson C A D B We are writing (call) on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign. It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. You may not know over 30% of the world’s food (waste) every year, while many people in poor areas do not have enough to eat. Reducing daily food waste by just 5% could save millions of people from starvation. Let’s start doing we can to make the world a better place.   A 语法填空 B China’s modern science and technology museum system  (attract) over one billion offline visits since 2012, (play) a unique role in promoting science popularization and improving scientific literacy in the country. The system will continue to provide scientific education and popularization to the public, especially to key groups such as (teenager). to call call on 呼吁 is wasted what 名从 has attracted playing teenagers More than 3.5 billion people worldwide spend an average of three hours a day glued to their smartphones. Researchers found that people who lowered their usage by one hour every day were (happy) and reduced anxiety symptoms by more than 30%. Cutting back was more effective than total digital detox (戒瘾): People who had spent one hour less per day _______ smartphones during the one-week intervention were more likely to successfully change their habits over the long term than those  _________ had put their smartphones away (entire) for a week. C happier on Who entirely those 指人用who 指物用that/ which 阅读理解 Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: • Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? • Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? A Pet sitter  Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: • Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. • Pet sitters don’t need a licence to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. • Check reviews online from independent review sites. 21. If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with         . A. a friend B. a pet sitter   C. a home boarder D. a boarding kennel B Home boarder  Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: • Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. • Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. • You can easily find and view their licence to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. 22. How can one find a suitable home boarder? A. Call the insurance company. B. Check the licence from the local council. C. Check reviews from independent review sites. D. Invite him over to your home and meet your family. B Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: • Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. • Ask if you can visit before you book. • Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 23. Who may find this passage most useful? A. A vet who desires to change his job. B. A man who is considering adopting a dog. C. A couple who are planning to rent a house. D. A pet owner who will take a business trip. D B 1 Jim Glaub and his wife just moved into their new Manhattan apartment on 22nd Street when the previous houseowner said something curious: “Just so you know, there’s this thing where letters addressed to Santa come to the apartment. It has been coming for years and no one knows why. But it’s not that big a deal.” 2 Then in the months leading to Christmas, letters from kids or parents to Santa came flooding in, asking for gifts they could not otherwise afford. Glaub and his wife responded to as many as they could, writing notes, even buying gifts. But they could do only so much. 24. At the beginning, what did the couple do with the letters to Santa? A. They paid no attention to them. B. They asked their guests to help. C. They just piled them in the corner. D. They responded to as many as possible. D 3 Glaub, of course, is not Santa. He runs a marketing company. But one night, when the couple threw a Christmas party, a solution appeared. The guests noticed the hundreds of letters they’d yet to act upon piled in the corner of their dining room and asked about them. 4 “I told them the story,” Glaub said. His guests were very interested. “A lot of people were like, ‘I’ll take a letter. I’ll fulfill it.’” 5 And so was born Miracle on 22nd Street, a community-based volunteer organization that responds to children’s letters to Santa with season’s greetings and gifts. Working with other nonprofits that help those in need, Glaub invited families from around the country to go online and request gifts for their children. Meanwhile, donors can sign up to buy gifts for a child or family, accompanied by a signed note. 25. Miracle on 22nd Street was set up to         .  A. let more people know their story B. get more needy families and donors involved  C. find out why the letters came to the apartment D. provide a platform for people to express their appreciation B 6 Letters typically request popular items, such as toys, coats, a doll for little kids, makeup and bikes for older ones. One child suffering back pain from sleeping on the living room couch in a crowded household asked for a bed. 7 Some letters are heartbreaking. One child wrote: “Dear Santa, for Christmas, I want my brother to get better. My younger brother has a hard time walking and has to use his wheelchair. I wish he could play like me.” 8 That’s a tough ask. But Glaub did send the children gift cards and a kind note. Last year, Glaub and the organization helped more than 800 families. One beneficiary wrote: “... you gave my babies a reason to smile and enjoy their Christmas after everything we’ve been through. All I wanted was to see them happy and I got just what I wanted.” 9 Glaub no longer tries to figure out why the letters come to the apartment. Putting in the long hours to help the families is what it’s all about for him. 26. How will Glaub probably feel about what they did for the senders of the letters? A. Worthwhile.  B. Relieved.   C. Curious.     D. Grateful.    A 1 In parts of Africa, people communicate with a wild bird—the greater honeyguide—in order to locate bee habitats and harvest their stores of honey. It’s a rare example of cooperation between humans and wild animals, and a potential instance of cultural coevolution (共同进化). Brian Wood from UCLA and Claire Spottiswoode from University of Cape Town were lead authors on a study showing how this valuable partnership is maintained and varies across cultures. 2 “Our study demonstrates the bird’s ability to learn distinct voiced signals that are traditionally used by different honey-hunting communities, expanding possibilities for mutually beneficial cooperation with people,” Wood said. “Honeyguides seem to know the landscape well, gathering knowledge about the location of bee nests, which they then share with people,” Spottiswoode said. “People are eager for the bird’s help.” The honeyguides also benefit from locating the colonies: They eat the leftover honeycomb. C 27. By cooperating with honey-hunting communities, honeyguides can _____. A. nest near human culture B. locate bee habitats easier C. have access to more food D. become familiar with the landscape C 3 Spottiswoode and Wood’s study was done in cooperation with the Hadza in Tanzania, with whom Wood has been conducting research since 2004, and the Yao community of northern Mozambique. Their prior work in both communities documented differences in how each culture attracts honeyguides. Among the Hadza, a honey-hunter announces a desire to partner with the bird by whistling. In Mozambique, Yao honey-hunters do so with a “Brr! ...” followed by a “ ... hmm!” 4 Using mathematical models and audio playback experiments, the team studied these signals, their usefulness to people and their impacts on birds. They experimentally exposed honeyguides in Tanzania and Mozambique to the same set of prerecorded sounds. This enabled the researchers to test whether honeyguides had learned to recognize and prefer the specialized signals that local honey-hunters used—or were naturally attracted to all such signals. 28. Why did the researchers use the same prerecorded signals? A. To study their mathematical models. B. To check if they are a natural preference. C. To investigate their usefulness to humans. D. To see if they increase birds’ ability to find honey. B 5 The honeyguides in Tanzania were over three times more likely to cooperate when hearing the calls of local Hadza people than the calls of ‘foreign’ Yao. The honeyguides in Mozambique were almost twice as likely to cooperate when hearing the local Yao call, compared to the ‘foreign’ Hadza whistles. 29. What can we learn from Spottiswoode and Wood’s study? A. The human-bird relationship can change with new signals. B. The Yao community hunts animals while looking for bee nests. C. The honeyguides are more responsive to calls from the local people. D. The signals from the Hadza were more effective in attracting honeyguides. C 6 The study proposes that differences in honeyguide-attracting signals are not random, but make practical sense. While honey-hunting, both the Hadza and Yao come across mammals (哺乳动物), but only the Hadza hunt them, using bows and arrows. The Hadza’s hunting might explain the less notable whistles they use. Filmed interviews show Hadza hunters explaining that they can evade being detected by their prey (猎物) because their whistles “sound like birds.” Contrarily, the signal the Yao use to communicate with the honeyguide can help scare off animals they find dangerous. 30. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How mammals react to different signals.    B. How hunting techniques are applied to prey.   C. How whistles enable honeyguides to find targets.   D. How signals are associated with hunting practice. D 1 The release of ChatGPT has caused more than a little worry about its ability to produce credible pieces of writing. “The College Essay Is Dead,” some people declared. That’s unlikely. There are obvious workarounds. For example, students wouldn’t benefit from ChatGPT if they were required to write out essays by hand. 2 A return to handwritten essays could benefit students in a way. For instance, neuroscience research has revealed that the act of handwriting is very different from punching letters on a keyboard. Handwriting requires precise motor skills that stimulate greater activity in a broader group of brain regions when compared with typing and engage the brain in ways that researchers have linked to learning and memory improvements. Handwriting forces those areas responsible for memory and learning to communicate with each other, which helps form networks that facilitate the recall and acquisition of new information.  D Much of the research has focused on children or younger students. But there’s evidence that, even for older students and adults, completing assignments in longhand is a more cognitively (认知地) involved process, leading to better processing of ideas and more original work. Meanwhile, research on foreign-language learners has found that handwriting is associated with improvements in some measure of accuracy and comprehension. Handwriting requires you to put a filter on what you’re producing in a way that typing doesn’t. When you’re writing by hand, you need to know what you want to say before you begin. If you don’t, you’ll have to cross things out or start over. Typing on a computer requires far less forethought. It is less challenging for the brain—and challenging the brain is central to education itself. A return to handwritten essays wouldn’t be easy on teachers, who might have to reduce the length of assignments or allocate (分配) extra class time for completion. They’d also have the burden of reading text that wasn’t neatly turned out by a word processor. But some might find all that preferable to being constantly suspicious (猜疑的) that they’re being outsmarted by a computer program. When health issues forced the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche to abandon his pen in favor of a typewriter, a change occurred in his writing style, which one scholar later described as a departure from “sustained argument and prolonged reflection” to a “telegram style.” Our writing tools work on our thoughts. Ensuring that today’s students have more than one writing tool might pay off in ways experts are only beginning to grasp. ChatGPT and other AI-powered technologies will win only if we agree to play on their home territory. A. Take a play break. 放在段落开头 B. Change your routine. C. This doesn’t have to mean a big, life-changing activity. D. This can help take you back to a childlike state, in a world of wonder. E. When talking to other people, try to be present with whoever you are with. F. Take a minute to notice and really pay attention to where you are, what you’re doing and what’s going on around you. 能放开头吗？ G. What’s more, when you find flow in a creative activity, you might find inspiration for other areas of your life. 七选五 When was the last time you looked at something or felt something and said, “Wow”? Recent studies found that a lot of people are in emotional distress. So how can you rediscover the joys in your day-to-day life and recapture that sense of childhood wonder? Here’s how you can find them.    A    Throughout the day, stop what you are doing to listen to music, play with a toy or doodle on a piece of paper. Stretching your brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate your imagination. Get creative. Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, modelling with clay, dancing, or writing in a journal, creative pursuits are a great place to find joy.    G    A. Take a play break. 放在段落开头 G. What’s more, when you find flow in a creative activity, you might find inspiration for other areas of your life. Turn off your phone and enjoy the silence. Technology can be a good thing and provide us with many opportunities, but it can also numb (使迟钝) us to the wows around us and be an ongoing distraction. Turn your phone off for one hour, a whole day or even an entire weekend. You could also try turning off the television, music or radio for a few minutes to give yourself some total silence.    F    Listen. Really listen. When was the last time you remembered everything someone said to you?    E    Having a new-found curiosity and consideration for the other person might lead you to some surprising discoveries and take you outside of yourself. Get out of your comfort zone. Finding opportunities where you can push yourself out of your comfort zone will also give you a better chance of finding a wow experience.    C    Even attempting a 5k when you are not quite ready for a marathon can really help. F. Take a minute to notice and really pay attention to where you are, what you’re doing and what’s going on around you. E. When talking to other people, try to be present with whoever you are with. C. This doesn’t have to mean a big, life-changing activity. If you’ve recently taken a flight from a major UK airport, then you may have noticed that more people are protesting air travel expansion and encouraging people to fly less. This is part of a larger environmental movement sweeping across Europe. Known as Flygskam or “flight-shaming”, the movement is encouraging people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can. 阅读理解 40. What is Flygskam?   It is a movement that encourages people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can. The aviation (航空) currently accounts for about 2% of global emissions (排放) and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, unlike most other sources of pollution, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere. Earlier this year, the UK government promised to reduce the UK’s emissions to “net zero” by 2050. However, according to projections from some researchers, emissions from the aviation could more than double by then even if planes become substantially more fuel-efficient. So, it’s unclear whether flying will be included in the UK’s target. 41. How does flying influence the environment? It currently accounts for about 2% of the global emissions and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere. 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Flygskam has attracted social attention and some people have already participated in this campaign, so it is widely accepted.  According to the passage, it is true that Flygskam has become popular, but some people are still critical of the movement, so it is not widely accepted. It’s hard to say exactly how big the movement is becoming, but Flygskam has become popular in social media. The number of Swedes taking the train for domestic journeys has risen by 8% this year as plane journeys inside the country have fallen. Clearly, Flygskam is having a measurable impact on people’s transport choices. Some people, however, have been critical of the movement because they say that it places blame or feelings of embarrassment onto the passengers when it is really the airlines and industries associated with it who should feel guilty for the impact that they are having on the planet. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you think of the movement of Flygskam? (In about 40 words) I think the movement may not be feasible for those individuals who have no viable alternatives to air travel. Not everyone has access to efficient and affordable alternative modes of transportation, especially for long-distance or international trips.   假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim给你发邮件分享了他的新年计划，并询问你在新的一年里除学业之外有何打算。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你最想做的事； 2．说明其原因。 注意：1.词数100左右；       2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, It’s great to hear from you and thank you for sharing your New Year’s plans with me. Regarding myself, there are two things I am most eager to pursue in the upcoming year other than my studies. Firstly, I plan to take up my old hobby of writing and write a book about the struggles and dreams of my teenage years. It will not only fulfill my passion for writing but also serve as a memoir of my youth. Secondly, I want to challenge myself to become stronger and fitter by joining a sports club or just incorporating daily workouts into my routine. I believe that investing in my physical health will positively impact all aspects of my life. Take care and Happy New Year! Yours, Li Hua 回应别人信件+说明个人计划 内容 $$