五大基本句型和七大句子成分课件-2024-2025学年初高中英语衔接课程

五大基本句型和 七大句子成分 1 五大基本句型 Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 2 主语+谓语vi. 1 发出者+动作 表明主语做了什么动作 She comes. vi. 不及物动词:不能 直接接宾语的动词, jump, wait, listen… Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 3 主语+谓语vt.+宾语 2 发出者+动作+承受者 表明主语对宾语做了什么动作 I love her. vt. 及物动词: 可以 直接接宾语的动词, break, beat, love… Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 4 主语+谓语vt.+间宾+直宾 3 发出者+动作+间接承受者+直接承受者 表明主语把某物给某人 I give her a flower. 两个宾语分别是动作的间接承受者（一般是人）和直接承受者（一般是物） Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 5 主语+谓语vt .+宾+宾补 谁+让/使+谁/物+怎么样 表明主让宾怎么样 It makes her happy. 宾语与宾补的关系相当于逻辑上的主系表的关系 4 Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 6 主语+系动词+表语 5 谁+是+什么 表明主语的身份、状态或是特征。 We are married. 系动词： 1.be动词: am, is, are, was, were； 2.感官动词: feel, look, taste, smell, sound等； 3.表变化动词: get, become, turn, grow等； 4.表延续动词: keep, stay, remain等。 Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 7 拓展一 如何分清主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补 1.He gave me a book. 2.It makes me happy. 在宾语和宾补之间加be动词，如果句子成立，句意正确，就是宾补。 I am a book. I am happy. 拓展一 如何分清主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补 在宾语和宾补之间加be动词，如果句子成立，句意正确，就是宾补。 判断下列句子。 ① He thinks David smart. ② I’ll show you a photo. ③ It can help him to get his future dream job. ④ This movie makes me really sad. ⑤ My father bought me some interesting books. David is smart. 主+谓+宾+宾补 You are a photo. 主+谓+宾+宾 He is to get his future dream job. 主+谓+宾+宾补 I am really sad. 主+谓+宾+宾补 I am some interesting books. 主+谓+宾+宾 Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 9 拓展二 常用来表示“某地有某物（某人）”，但应注意与have的区别：have\has作“有”讲时，表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”，而there be 结构表示客观上存在，不说明所有关系。 there be句型中的be 应采取“就近原则”，即be动词应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致，动词be 的时态随具体情况而定。如： There is a dog and some birds in the picture. There are some birds and a dog in the picture. 基本句型六 ：There be 句型 七大句子成分 1.主语 句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物 2.谓语 发出的动作，一个简单句有且仅有一个谓语！ 3.宾语 动作的承受者 4.表语 表明主语身份（是什么）或者特征（怎么样） 5.定语 6.状语 7.补语 修饰限定名词或代词，即修饰主语/宾语/表语/宾补 说明动作何时何地如何发生，或说明形容词或副词程度 宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。 七大句子成分： Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 12 划出下列句子的句子成分。 ① They finally named the cute boy Bob. ② I find this red book very interesting. ③ The kind girl lent me some money without thinking twice. ④ Jack is a good student in my mind. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 定语 主 谓 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 主 谓 宾 宾 定语 定语 状语 主 系 表 定语 状语 主语 句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 类别 例句 (1)名词或代词作主语 A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. It’s going to rain tomorrow. (2)数词作主语 Three is enough. (3)不定式作主语 To see is to believe. (4)动名词作主语 Swimming is good for you. (5)名词化的形容词作主语 The young should study hard. (6)介词短语作主语 From Beijing to Guangzhou is a ten-hour ride. (7)从句作主语 What he said is true. 谓语 谓语必须由动词充当，其中心词有人称、时态、数的变化。 简单谓语动词: 由实义动词或实义动词词组充当。 I saw him yesterday. I look after my baby daughter. 复合谓语动词：主要包括三种：情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词的某种形式、系动词+表语 I can speak English well.（情+动） I am writing now. （助+动） Tom has gone to Beijing.（助+动） My baby daughter is cute. （系+表） The cake tastes good.（系+表） 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。 1. My father bought me a bike. 2. He played us some light music. 3. My mom cook a good breakfast for me. 宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 物或事，指动作的承受者或结果 人或动物，表示动作是对谁的或为谁做的 找出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。 直接宾语 间接宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 表语 表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合谓语。 类别 例句 (1)名词作表语 That sounds a good idea. (2)代词作表语 Is it yours? (3)形容词作表语 The cake tastes delicious. (4)副词作表语 We must be off now. (5)数词作表语 Three times seven is twenty one. 表语 表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合谓语。 类别 例句 (6)现在分词作表语(表主语特征) Seeing is believing. (7)过去分词作表语(表主语状态) The glasses are broken. (8)不定式作表语 My job is to feed animals. (9)动名词作表语 His dream is becoming a doctor. (10)介词短语作表语 The dog is under the desk. (11)从句作表语 The question is that we are short of money. 1. She is a beautiful girl. 2. The woman in red is my mother. 3. English is a useful tool. 定语的分类： 前置定语 后置定语 找出下列句子的前置定语和后置定语。 后置定语 前置定语 定语 修饰限定名词或代词，即修饰主语/宾语/表语/宾补 放在被修饰词前面 放在被修饰词后面 前置定语 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、程度等。 种类 例句 (1)副词作状语 Bolt runs very fast. (2)介词短语作状语 The students are playing on the playground. (3)分词作状语 Moved by the movie, the audience began to cry. His parents died, leaving him alone. (4)不定式作状语 I come here to say goodbye to you. (5)从句作状语 I was watching TV when he came back. 状语的分类 类型 例句 时间 David met his old friend yesterday. 地点 Mike met his old friend on the street. 条件 I will visit my grandparents if they are at home. 目的 I study hard to find a good job. 程度 Linda works very hard. 原因 He succeeded by hard work. 结果 The stone is too heavy to lift. 让步 With all his efforts, he lost the game. 方式 I watched the game on television. 伴随 She said goodbye with tears. 比较 The youth of today are better off than we used to be. 方面 I do well in English grammar. 补语 宾补是对宾语进行补充，说明宾语的身份、动作、特征和状态，以使句子语义表达完整。 类别 例句 (1)名词作宾补 We call him a fool. (2)形容词作宾补 I’m going to paint the wall pink. (3)介词短语作宾补 Please make yourself at home. (4)副词作宾补 Let him in, please. (5)不定式作宾补 Our teacher often encourages us to study hard. (6)分词作宾补 He saw her working in the garden. I have my hair cut. 拓展一 如何区分定状补？ 定语和状语 补语 句子必要成分，否则句意不完整。 句中只做修饰，不影响句意表达。 They painted the wall pink. A dog walks slowly on a pink wall. 拓展二 同位语 解释或补充说明前面名词/代词的情况；是对前面名/代词内容的具体化展现。同位语，顾名思义，和前面名词或代词在语法上处于相同的地位和层级，一般放在主语、宾语或表语之后。 类别 例句 (1)名词作同位语 I am your English teacher, Ms. Tang. (2)代词作同位语 We all love you. (3)数词作同位语 Are you three ready to start out? (4)从句作同位语 The news that our team has won the match is true. 拓展二 找出同位语 1. We young people should respect the old. 2. He himself will do the experiment. 3. He is the oldest among them four. 4. He told me the news that our team won the game. 5. We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American. 复习五大基本句型和 七大句子成分并进行小组故事接龙 Homework Tang原创英语课件 小红书：Tang 26 $$