专题03 Unit1 ～Unit4重点语法串讲【考点清单】-2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲（牛津译林版）

专题03 Unit1 ~Unit4重点语法串讲 1. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit1 形容词的比较级和最高级 形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词原级的基础上进行变化的,分为规则变化和不规则变化: (1)规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) 一．原级比较 1.两者在某一方面相同时 as+形容词或副词原级+as：和·····一样 Lily is as slim as lucy. Lily does homework as carefully as lucy. 2.表示一方在某方面不及另一方时：不如···· not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as It is not so/as warm today as yesterday. she did not dance as/so beautifully as millie. 注意：当表示“不如·····”时，多音节的adj./adv.可用 “ less+形容词/副词” eg: This book is less interesting than that one. 比较级：用于两者之间的比较 1. A+be+形容词比较级+than+B eg. Sandy is taller than Millie. A+动词+副词的比较级+than+B eg. Lucy runs faster than Millie. 2. 可修饰adj./adv.比较级的词语 much ,a little, even, still, far, no, a lot, no, any eg. He looks much better today. The dog is still happier. The coat is a little bigger for me. 3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越·····” bigger and bigger faster and faster The weather is getting hotter and hotter. 多音节词：more and more +多音节词 more and more quickly 4. “The +adj./adv.比较级（+主语+谓语+其它）， the+ adj./adv比较级（ +主语+谓语+其它）”的结构表示“越····越····” Eg. The more we do morning excises ,the healthier we will be. 最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较 1. A+be+the +adj最高级+(名词)+in/of/among短语，表示“最······” eg: Tom is the cleverest boy of the boys. A+V.+(the )+adv最高级+(名词)+in/of/among eg: Tom runs the fastest of the boys. 2. one of +the+最高级+复数名词 表示“最····之一” eg: Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 3.“序数词+最高级+名词单数”表示“第几····最” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 提醒： ①形容词最高级前有物主代词或指示代词，名词所有格等限定修饰时，不再加the. Milie’s best friend is Amy. ②当两个最高级的形容词修饰同一个名词时，后一个最高级的形容词前的the要省略 Sandy is the youngest and cleverest boy in my class. 一．根据汉语提示完成句子 ①There is nothing 　important　 in today’s newspaper.  今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。 ②His idea sounds 　great　.他的主意听起来很棒。  ③He is as 　tall　 as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。  ④The film is too 　boring　.这部电影太无聊了。  ⑤It is even 　colder　 today.今天甚至更冷了。  ⑥Suzhou is becoming 　more　 　and　 　more　 　beautiful　.苏州变得越来越美丽。 ⑦This picture is the 　best　 of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。 ⑧She is the second 　tallest　 girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。 二.单项选择 1.Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.   A.cheap　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest　　 D.the cheapest 答案　B　本题考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than many sports可知,此空应填比较级,故选B。 2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier　　 B.heavy enough C.much lighter　　 D.light enough 答案　A　句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说,你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的,但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知,此空应填比较级,故排除B、D两项。由语境可知,此处应该是比去年重,故选A。 3.—What is the world’s 　　　mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　 B.lowest C.higher　　 D.highest 答案　D　lower更低的;lowest最低的;higher更高的;highest最高的。根据常识,珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。故答案为D。 解题关键　从答语Mount Qomolangma.及问句中的the world􀆳s可以得知问句问的是世界上最高的山峰是什么。从而判断出设空处应该用最高级并且应该表示“最高的”。 4.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink 　　　cola to keep fit.  A.much　　 B.more C.fewer　　 D.less 答案　D　句意:有人建议他少吃点汉堡包并且少喝点可乐来保持健康。本题考查形容词的比较等级。much许多,修饰不可数名词;more更多,修饰可数名词和不可数名词;fewer更少,修饰可数名词;less更少,修饰不可数名词。cola为不可数名词,排除C项;根据句意和常识可知,此处表示少喝可乐。故选D项。 5.Daniel is 　　　his twin brother. They are both 1.75 meters tall.  A.taller than　　 B.shorter than C.as tall as　　 D.so tall as 答案　C　句意:丹尼尔和他的双胞胎兄弟一样高。他们都是1.75米。本题考查形容词的比较等级。根据后句They are both 1.75 meters tall.可知,他们一样高。as tall as和……一样高,so tall as只能用在否定句中。故选C项。 Unit2 副词的比较级和最高级 一．形容词变成副词的变化规则: 1. 大多数形容词＋ly 构成副词 e.g. careful---carefully, quiet---quietly 2.以辅音字母＋“y”结尾的副词, 要先变“y”为“i”再＋“ly”: e.g.happy---happily　 3. 以“le”结尾的直接去 “e”＋ “y”即可。 e.g. terrible ---terribly, gentle---gently (im) possible--- (im) possibly, comfortable--- comfortably, simple---- simply 二．副词比较级和最高级的词形变化 1．规则变化 词形分类及变化方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest 以e结尾的，直接加-r或-st nice nicer nicest 以一个重读闭音节结尾的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词/多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 三、形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 He worked as well as a qualified technician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。 2．比较级常见的结构 (1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive．假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语， the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 (4)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。 My parents wanted me to have the best possible education.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。 4.farther和further far的比较级 含义及用法 例句 farther 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换 A table stood at the farther/further end of the kitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。 further further还有“更多的,更进一步的,附加的”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用 We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多信息。 5.older和elder (1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如: Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。 He’s older than you.他年龄比你大。 He’s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。 (2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如: He is an elder teacher.他是个资格较老的教师。 1.Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 答案　C　考查比较级。根据空前的much可知，此处应用比较级，much better意思是“好得多”，故选C。 2.—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 答案　B　考查形容词最高级的用法。根据上文内容可知，此处是对决赛的肯定评价，因此排除A、D两项。根据“...I have ever seen”可知要用形容词最高级，故选B。 3.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 答案　A　考查形容词比较级的用法。句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说，你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的，但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知，此空应填比较级，故排除B、D两项。由语境可知，此处应该是比去年重，故选A。 4.Which colour do you like 　　　， purple， orange or pink?  A.well　　　　 B.good C.better　　　　 D.best 答案　D　考查副词最高级的用法。根据空格后“purple， orange or pink”可知，此处问的是这三种颜色中，你最喜欢哪个?由此可知，此处应使用最高级形式。故选D。 Unit3 1.反身代词的单复数形式,表格如下: 　　　　数 人称　　　 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己　 themselves 2.反身代词的用法 I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语) The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语) 3.反身代词的常用词组 teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴 help oneself to随便吃/用 come to oneself苏醒 hurt oneself受伤 by oneself独自 1.As parents, we must ask 　　　:Are we listening? Are we patient enough?  A.us　　 B.ourselves　　 C.me　　 D.myself 答案　B　句意:作为父母,我们必须问问我们自己:我们在聆听吗?我们是否足够有耐心?本题考查反身代词。主语是we,所以此处填反身代词ourselves,故选B。 2.How delicious! Did the students make the fruit salad all by 　　　? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.they　　 B.them C.their　　 D.themselves 答案　D　句意:多么美味啊!水果沙拉都是学生们自己做的吗?本题考查代词的用法。they他们,主格,作主语;them他们,宾格,作宾语;their他们的,形容词性物主代词,后跟名词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。do sth. by oneself独自做某事。故选D项。 3.Mars Base 1 Camp was built in Jinchang, Gansu, to let young people experience for 　　　.  A.it　　 B.them C.itself　　 D.themselves 答案　D　句意:为了让年轻人可以亲身体验,甘肃金昌建立了火星基地1号营地。本题考查代词的用法。it指代前文出现的同一物;them他们,宾格,作宾语;their他们的,形容词性物主代词,作定语修饰其后的名词;themselves他们自己,反身代词,与young people对应,for oneself亲身,固定短语。故选D项。 Unit4 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。 祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！) 祈使句的否定式： Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。) [注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。 如：Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。) 肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。) 1. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处用祈使句表达建议，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。 2.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。故选A。 3.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t 答案　A　考查祈使句及其应答语。第一空后虽然有表示将来时间的next time，但这是妈妈向汤姆发出的命令、要求，是祈使句，所以用Don’t+动词原形。排除B、D。肯定祈使句的应答语为I will;否定祈使句的应答语为I won’t。故选A。 4.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  答案　don’t mix　句意:李先生，不要把你的生活和工作混在一起。此句是否定的祈使句，其构成是“don’t+动词原形+其他成分”，故填don’t mix。 5.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  答案　Make　考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头，make sure“确保”。故填Make。 九．should与had better的用法 当我们给他人提建议时,可以用had better或should,表示“最好”或“应该”做某事, had better的语气比should强一些 You’d better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院。 You should exercise more.你应该多锻炼。 had better (常简略为’d better)后面必须跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。had better 的否定式是将not直接放在had better的后面 Tom, you’d better go there today.汤姆,你最好今天去那儿。 You had better not miss the last bus.你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。 should后面要跟动词原形,且没有人称和数的变化。should 的否定式是should not/shouldn’t You should arrive on time.你应该按时到达。 You shouldn’t drink and drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。 根据汉语意思完成句子 你最好不要在课堂上说话,西蒙。 You 　　　　　　　　　　　　     , Simon. had better not talk in class 练习 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.I got only 65 points last time. And this time, I did even 　　　(bad).   2.Which do you think is 　　　(safe), travelling by air, by train, or by bus?  3.Children all like to play with snow. And the harder it snows, the 　　　(happy)the children feel.  4.Mary looks so slim because she eats 　　　(little)meat and 　　　(many)vegetables of us.  5.Western food doesn’t taste so 　　　(nice) as Chinese food, but it is　　　(expensive) than traditional Chinese food.  二.同义句转换,每空一词 1.I don’t think Maths is as interesting as English. I think English is 　　　 　　　 　　　 Maths.  2.My cousin can’t swim as well as I. I swim 　　　 　　　 my cousin.  3.Nobody else can sing so beautifully as Mary in our class. Mary sings 　　　 　　　 　　　 in our class.  4.Jack joins the fewest clubs of the three boys. Jack joins 　　　 　　　 　　　 the other two boys.  5.She doesn’t have as much free time as her sister. She has 　　　 free time 　　　 her sister.  三.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我现在聊QQ比以前花的时间少多了。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 before.  2.在我家我妹妹吃蔬菜最少。她应该改变饮食。 My sister 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. She should change her diet.  3.这件外套和那件一样大,它们型号相同。 This coat is as 　　　　　　 that one. They are 　　　　　　.  4.你锻炼得越多,你就感到越健康。 　　　　　 you take, 　　　　 you will feel.  一.1.worse　2.the safest　3.happier　4.the least;the most5.nice;more expensive 二.1.more interesting than　2.better than　3.the most beautifully　4.fewer clubs than　5.less;than 三.1.spend much less time chatting on QQ than　2.eats the fewest vegetables in my family　3.large as;the same size　4.The more exercise;the healthier 四.请用合适的反身代词填空 1.Tom says he is old enough to look after 　　　.  2.I bought 　　　 a new mobile phone as my birthday present yesterday.  3.Did the students enjoy 　　　 in the school trip?  4.Kate is lucky because she didn’t hurt 　　　.  5.Amy and Sandy kept their secrets to 　　　.  6.Help 　　　 to some fruit, Li Ming.   7.We can’t live only for 　　　.   8.I can see a cat pulling 　　　 up the tree.  9.The problem is easy. I think you can work it out by 　　　, boys.  10.The world 　　　 is becoming smaller and smaller because of the Internet.  五.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, for oneself, by oneself, say to oneself, think oneself, to oneself, pull oneself, help oneself, teach oneself 11.Kids, please 　　　 to some biscuits.  12.Sam and Tom, you should be more careful, or you 　　　.  13.The woman often 　　　 French after work.  14.Simon 　　　 up the rocks. Let’s go and help him.  15.The boys won’t believe it if they don’t go there 　　　.  16.Aunt Mary finished the hard work 　　　. She didn’t ask anybody for help.  17.The old man thought 　　　, “Who did all these things for me?”  18.Tom 　　　, “I’ll never give up hope.”  19.Andy and I want 　　　 on the top of Mount Tai.  20.The actress 　　　 to be the most beautiful girl in the world.  四.1.himself　2.myself　3.themselves　4.herself 5.themselves　6.yourself　7.ourselves　8.itself 9.yourselves　10.itself 五.11.help yourselves　12.will hurt yourselves 13.teaches herself　14.is pulling himself　15.for themselves　16.by herself　17.to himself　18.says to himself　19.to enjoy ourselves　20.thinks herself 六.用所给词的适当形式填空 21.　　　(give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.  22.　　　(not let) your son play the game again.  23.Lucy,　　　(not bring) your pet dog here.  24.　　　(not do)your homework with the light off. Poor light is bad for your eyes.  25.Simon,　　　(cut)the watermelon with the knife, please.  七.阅读对话,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Andy: John, 　26　 (help)me fix the chair, will you?  John: I am sorry. 　27　 (look)at the sign. It says DIY. So 　28　 (fix)it yourself, please.  Andy: But it is not so easy. 　29　 (not stand)by, John. You can give me a hand.  John: I think I can help you by watching you. Oh, no! 　30　 (not be)so careless. You almost broke this stick.  Andy: OK. But 　31　 (be)more helpful! Would you please hold this leg of the chair for me?  John: All right. 六.21.Give　22.Don’t let　23.don’t bring　24.Don’t do 25.cut 七.26.help　27.Look　28.fix　29.Don’t stand 30.Don’t be　31.be 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 Unit1 ~Unit4重点语法串讲 1. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit1 形容词的比较级和最高级 形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词原级的基础上进行变化的,分为规则变化和不规则变化: (1)规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well many/much bad/ill little far old 一．原级比较 1.两者在某一方面相同时 as+形容词或副词原级+as：和·····一样 Lily is as slim as lucy. Lily does homework as carefully as lucy. 2.表示一方在某方面不及另一方时：不如···· not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as It is not so/as warm today as yesterday. she did not dance as/so beautifully as millie. 注意：当表示“不如·····”时，多音节的adj./adv.可用 “ less+形容词/副词” eg: This book is less interesting than that one. 比较级：用于两者之间的比较 1. A+be+形容词比较级+than+B eg. Sandy is taller than Millie. A+动词+副词的比较级+than+B eg. Lucy runs faster than Millie. 2. 可修饰adj./adv.比较级的词语 much ,a little, even, still, far, no, a lot, no, any eg. He looks much better today. The dog is still happier. The coat is a little bigger for me. 3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越·····” bigger and bigger faster and faster The weather is getting hotter and hotter. 多音节词：more and more +多音节词 more and more quickly 4. “The +adj./adv.比较级（+主语+谓语+其它）， the+ adj./adv比较级（ +主语+谓语+其它）”的结构表示“越····越····” Eg. The more we do morning excises ,the healthier we will be. 最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较 1. A+be+the +adj最高级+(名词)+in/of/among短语，表示“最······” eg: Tom is the cleverest boy of the boys. A+V.+(the )+adv最高级+(名词)+in/of/among eg: Tom runs the fastest of the boys. 2. one of +the+最高级+复数名词 表示“最····之一” eg: Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 3.“序数词+最高级+名词单数”表示“第几····最” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 提醒： ①形容词最高级前有物主代词或指示代词，名词所有格等限定修饰时，不再加the. Milie’s best friend is Amy. ②当两个最高级的形容词修饰同一个名词时，后一个最高级的形容词前的the要省略 Sandy is the youngest and cleverest boy in my class. 一．根据汉语提示完成句子 ①There is nothing in today’s newspaper.  今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。 ②His idea sounds .他的主意听起来很棒。  ③He is as as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。  ④The film is too .这部电影太无聊了。  ⑤It is even today.今天甚至更冷了。  ⑥Suzhou is becoming .苏州变得越来越美丽。 ⑦This picture is the of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。 ⑧She is the second girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。 二.单项选择 1.Jogging is 　　　than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes.   A.cheap　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest　　 D.the cheapest 2.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier　　 B.heavy enough C.much lighter　　 D.light enough 3.—What is the world’s 　　　mountain?  —Mount Qomolangma. A.lower　　 B.lowest C.higher　　 D.highest 4.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink 　　　cola to keep fit.  A.much　　 B.more C.fewer　　 D.less 5.Daniel is 　　　his twin brother. They are both 1.75 meters tall.  A.taller than　　 B.shorter than C.as tall as　　 D.so tall as Unit2 副词的比较级和最高级 一．形容词变成副词的变化规则: 1. 大多数形容词＋ly 构成副词 e.g. careful---carefully, quiet---quietly 2.以辅音字母＋“y”结尾的副词, 要先变“y”为“i”再＋“ly”: e.g.happy---happily　 3. 以“le”结尾的直接去 “e”＋ “y”即可。 e.g. terrible ---terribly, gentle---gently (im) possible--- (im) possibly, comfortable--- comfortably, simple---- simply 二．副词比较级和最高级的词形变化 1．规则变化 词形分类及变化方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加 tall taller tallest 以e结尾的， nice nicer nicest 以一个重读闭音节结尾的， big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的， happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词/多音节词 在前面加 difficult more difficult most difficult 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well bad (badly)/ill many/much little far old 三、形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 He worked a qualified technician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。 2．比较级常见的结构 (1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is the books I have ever read.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting ．假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语， the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 people are involved, the ocean environment is. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 (4)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer , which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。 My parents wanted me to have possible education.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。 4.farther和further far的比较级 含义及用法 例句 farther A table stood at the farther/further end of the kitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。 further We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多信息。 5.older和elder (1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如: Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。 He’s older than you.他年龄比你大。 He’s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。 (2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如: He is an elder teacher.他是个资格较老的教师。 1.Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 2.—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 3.—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 4.Which colour do you like 　　　， purple， orange or pink?  A.well　　　　 B.good C.better　　　　 D.best Unit3 1.反身代词的单复数形式,表格如下: 　　　　数 人称　　　 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己　 themselves 2.反身代词的用法 I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语) The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语) 3.反身代词的常用词组 teach oneself learn by oneself enjoy oneself help oneself to come to oneself hurt oneself by oneself 1.As parents, we must ask 　　　:Are we listening? Are we patient enough?  A.us　　 B.ourselves　　 C.me　　 D.myself 2.How delicious! Did the students make the fruit salad all by 　　　? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.they　　 B.them C.their　　 D.themselves 3.Mars Base 1 Camp was built in Jinchang, Gansu, to let young people experience for 　　　.  A.it　　 B.them C.itself　　 D.themselves Unit4 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。 祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！) 祈使句的否定式： Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。) [注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。 如：Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。) 肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。) 练一练 1. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 2.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 3.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t 4.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  5.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  九．should与had better的用法 当我们给他人提建议时,可以用had better或should,表示“最好”或“应该”做某事, had better的语气比should强一些 You’d better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院。 You should exercise more.你应该多锻炼。 had better (常简略为’d better)后面必须跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。had better 的否定式是将not直接放在had better的后面 Tom, you’d better go there today.汤姆,你最好今天去那儿。 You had better not miss the last bus.你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。 should后面要跟动词原形,且没有人称和数的变化。should 的否定式是should not/shouldn’t You should arrive on time.你应该按时到达。 You shouldn’t drink and drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。 根据汉语意思完成句子 你最好不要在课堂上说话,西蒙。 You 　　　　　　　　　　　　     , Simon. 练习 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.I got only 65 points last time. And this time, I did even 　　　(bad).   2.Which do you think is 　　　(safe), travelling by air, by train, or by bus?  3.Children all like to play with snow. And the harder it snows, the 　　　(happy)the children feel.  4.Mary looks so slim because she eats 　　　(little)meat and 　　　(many)vegetables of us.  5.Western food doesn’t taste so 　　　(nice) as Chinese food, but it is　　　(expensive) than traditional Chinese food.  二.同义句转换,每空一词 1.I don’t think Maths is as interesting as English. I think English is 　　　 　　　 　　　 Maths.  2.My cousin can’t swim as well as I. I swim 　　　 　　　 my cousin.  3.Nobody else can sing so beautifully as Mary in our class. Mary sings 　　　 　　　 　　　 in our class.  4.Jack joins the fewest clubs of the three boys. Jack joins 　　　 　　　 　　　 the other two boys.  5.She doesn’t have as much free time as her sister. She has 　　　 free time 　　　 her sister.  三.根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我现在聊QQ比以前花的时间少多了。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 before.  2.在我家我妹妹吃蔬菜最少。她应该改变饮食。 My sister 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. She should change her diet.  3.这件外套和那件一样大,它们型号相同。 This coat is as 　　　　　　 that one. They are 　　　　　　.  4.你锻炼得越多,你就感到越健康。 　　　　　 you take, 　　　　 you will feel.  四.请用合适的反身代词填空 1.Tom says he is old enough to look after 　　　.  2.I bought 　　　 a new mobile phone as my birthday present yesterday.  3.Did the students enjoy 　　　 in the school trip?  4.Kate is lucky because she didn’t hurt 　　　.  5.Amy and Sandy kept their secrets to 　　　.  6.Help 　　　 to some fruit, Li Ming.   7.We can’t live only for 　　　.   8.I can see a cat pulling 　　　 up the tree.  9.The problem is easy. I think you can work it out by 　　　, boys.  10.The world 　　　 is becoming smaller and smaller because of the Internet.  五.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, for oneself, by oneself, say to oneself, think oneself, to oneself, pull oneself, help oneself, teach oneself 11.Kids, please 　　　 to some biscuits.  12.Sam and Tom, you should be more careful, or you 　　　.  13.The woman often 　　　 French after work.  14.Simon 　　　 up the rocks. Let’s go and help him.  15.The boys won’t believe it if they don’t go there 　　　.  16.Aunt Mary finished the hard work 　　　. She didn’t ask anybody for help.  17.The old man thought 　　　, “Who did all these things for me?”  18.Tom 　　　, “I’ll never give up hope.”  19.Andy and I want 　　　 on the top of Mount Tai.  20.The actress 　　　 to be the most beautiful girl in the world.  六.用所给词的适当形式填空 21.　　　(give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.  22.　　　(not let) your son play the game again.  23.Lucy,　　　(not bring) your pet dog here.  24.　　　(not do)your homework with the light off. Poor light is bad for your eyes.  25.Simon,　　　(cut)the watermelon with the knife, please.  七.阅读对话,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Andy: John, 　26　 (help)me fix the chair, will you?  John: I am sorry. 　27　 (look)at the sign. It says DIY. So 　28　 (fix)it yourself, please.  Andy: But it is not so easy. 　29　 (not stand)by, John. You can give me a hand.  John: I think I can help you by watching you. Oh, no! 　30　 (not be)so careless. You almost broke this stick.  Andy: OK. But 　31　 (be)more helpful! Would you please hold this leg of the chair for me?  John: All right. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$