Unit1-3语法-形容词副词的原级、比较级、最高级讲义+练习 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级 讲义+练习 一、定义 大多数的形容词和副词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。 (1) 原级:表示两者程度相同的比较。 (2) 比较级:表示“更...”,用于两者之间的比较。 (3)最高级:表示“...是最...的”,用于三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较。 比较级和最高级的规则变化 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 大多数词后+er/est great fast greater faster greatest fastest 以字母e结尾的词后+r/st large late larger later largest latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,+er/est early busy earlier busier earliest busiest 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个辅音字母,+er/est hot thin hotter thinner hottest thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前面+more/most beautiful quickly more beautiful more quickly most beautiful most quickly 比较级和最高级的常见不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old elder/older eldest/oldest far further/farther furthest/farthest 2、 用法 (1) 原级比较 肯定句:as+形容词/副词原级+as 表示前后两者的情况一样 例:Tom is as tall as Lily.(Tom和Lily一样高。) Tom runs as quickly as Lily.(Tom和Lily跑得一样快。) 否定句:not so/as+形容词/副词原级+as 表示前者不如后者 例:The book is not as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本书有趣。) The desk is not so heavy as that one.(这张桌子不如那张重。) (2) 比较级 ①比较级+than:表示一方比另一方更... 例:The box is heavier than that one.(这个盒子比那个重。) ②比较级+and+比较级/ more and more+原级:表示“越来越...” 例:It’s getting warmer and warmer.(天气越来越暖和了。) The girl is more and more beautiful.(这个女孩越来越漂亮了。) ③the+比较级...,the+比较级...:“越...,就越...” 例:The later I get up, the more tired I feel.(起得越晚,我就越觉得累。) ④the+比较级(+of the two...):“两者中更...的一个” 例:Tom is the taller of the twins.(汤姆是双胞胎中较高的一个。) ⑤less+形容词/副词原级+than:“不如...” 例:The film is less interesting than the book.(电影不如书有趣。) ⑥Which/Who+be/动词+比较级,A or B?:表示两者之间进行选择 例:Who is taller, Tom or Mary?(汤姆和玛丽谁更高?) ⑦倍数+比较级+than:“几倍于...” 例:Tony runs three times faster than me.(托尼跑步比我快三倍。) 注意: 1. 比较级中为了避免重复,常用that(单数名词/不可数名词)/those(复数名词)替代前面出现的名词。 例如:The weather here is much hotter than that of Sichuan. 这儿的天气比四川的天气热的多。 2. 比较的人或物必须是同一类。 例如:My name is longer than yours. ( you ) 我的名字比你的(名字)更长。 3. than后面接代词时,一般用主格形式,口语中也可用宾格。 例如:My mom is taller than I/(me). 我的妈妈比我更高。 4. 一般结构为“比较级+than+另一比较的人/物”,但在上下文明确时,可单独使用。 例如:My mom is tall, but my brother is even taller. 我的妈妈很高,但是我的弟弟甚至更高。 5. 形容词或副词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。 例如:It's much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了。 (3) 最高级 ①the+最高级+(名词)+范围:在...范围内,最... 例:Jack is the tallest student in his class.(杰克是班上最高的学生。) This picture is the best of all.(这张照片是最棒的。) ②one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+范围:“...中最...之一” 例:China is one of the largest countries in the world.(中国是世界上最大的国家之一。) ③Which/Who+be/动词+最高级,A, B or C?:表示三者或三者以上进行选择 例:Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqing?(北京、上海和重庆哪个城市最美?) ④the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围:“第几最...的” 例:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(黄河是中国第二长河。) 注意: 1. 形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带。 2. 形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不能用定冠词the。 例如:Yesterday is her happiest day in her life. 昨天是她一生中最幸福的一天。 【拓展】用比较级表示最高级含义: 1. 比较级+than + any other +名词单数 =比较级+than + the other+名词复数 =比较级+than + the others 意为“比其他任何一个/所有...都...” (同一范围内作比较) 例如:Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. = Qomolangma is higher than the other mountains in the world. = Qomolangma is higher than the others in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。 2. 比较级+than+any+名词单数 意为“比任何...都...”(不同范围内作比较) 例如:China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。(不同范围:中国不属于非洲) Tom is taller than any girl in her class. 汤姆比班里任何一个女孩都高。(不同范围:汤姆不属于班级女生这个范围) 3. 否定词与比较级连用 例如:-What do you think of the movie? -Great! I have never seen a better one. -你认为这部电影怎么样? -很棒!我没看过比它更好的了。 Nobody is taller than he. 没人比他更高了。 专项提高练习 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _. A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. richer and richest ( ) 2. Which is _, a bus, a car or a plane? A. the fastest B. most fast C. fast D. faster ( ) 3. Li Hua’s English is very good, and her French _ her English. A. is as good as B. isn’t as good as C. is as well as D. is as better as ( ) 4. Who’s _ in your class? A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest ( ) 5. John looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her math test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily ( ) 6. He draws _ his uncle. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as best as ( ) 7. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another ( ) 8. In Changchun, the air in Jing Yue Forest Park is much _ than that in the center of the city. A. clear B. cleaner C. clean D. nice ( ) 9. Tokyo is larger than _ in India. A. any other city B. any city C. another city D. other city ( ) 10. -Have you finished your report yet? -No, I’ll finish it in _ ten minutes. A. another B. more C. other D. else ( ) 11. Their school is three times as _ as ours. That means our school is _ than theirs. A. big; three times smaller B. small; large C. big; small D. large; twice smaller ( ) 12. Which skirt is _, the yellow one or the green one? A. expensive B. very expensive C.more expensive D. most expensive ( ) 13. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. the longer river C. the longest rivers D. the longer rivers ( ) 14. _ children there are in a family, _ their life will be. A. The less, the better B. The fewer, the better C. Fewer, richer D. More, poorer ( ) 15. Robert is much taller than _ in his brother’s class. A. any other student B. any student C. the other student D. other students ( ) 16. Which is _, the moon or the earth? A. big B. bigger C.more expensive D. most expensive ( ) 17. My little brother sings _ than other boys. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautifully D. more beautifully ( ) 18. 30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it’s _ than we need. A. far more B. very much C. far less D. very little ( ) 19. Which language is _, English, French or Chinese? A. difficult B. the difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult ( ) 20. When winter comes, the days get _. A. short and short B. shorter and shorter C. long and long D. longer and longer ( ) 21. The bread is _ than those cakes. A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious ( ) 22. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest ( ) 23. I think English is _ French. A. less popular than B. the most popular C. so popular as D. as more popular as ( )24.Of all the students, she looks _. A. the happiest B. the most happiest C. happier D. happy ( ) 25. My pencil-case is as _ as yours. A. new B. newer C. newest D. the newest ( ) 26. Things are _ on the moon _ on the earth. A. much lighter; than B. much heavier; than C. as heavy; as D. not so light; as ( ) 27. They arrived there a bit _ than we did. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. as early ( ) 28. A car runs _ than a bike. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. quickly ( ) 29. Which do you like _ , tea or milk? A. well B. better C. very much D. much ( ) 30. Who jumped _ of all in the long jump? A. longer B. longest C. farther D. farthest ( ) 31. The more you learn, the more _ you can get a job. A. easily B. easier C. easy D. easiest ( ) 32. There are _ days in February. A. more B.fewer C. the most D. the fewest ( ) 33. You’ve got the same dress as I. Yes. Mine is _, but not so _ as yours. A. better; expensive B. better; more expensive C. more better; expensive D. good; more expensive ( ) 34. Remember this, children._ careful you are,_ mistakes you will make. A. The more, the more B. The fewer, the more C. The more, the fewer D. The less, the less ( ) 35. It will be bad for your health to eat _ food and take _ exercise. A. fewer; more B. more; less C. little; much D. less; more ( ) 36. This camera is really cheap! The _ the better. I’m short of money. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive ( ) 37. - Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? - Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; not as good as ( ) 38. Xi’an is one of _ capital _ in China. A. older, city B. the older, city C. oldest, cities D. the oldest, cities ( ) 39.Jack is a little _ than Peter. A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest 二、根据句意,用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Traveling by air is _ than by train. (expensive) 2. Which river is_, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? (long) 3 We are sure Hong Kong will be even _ tomorrow. (good) 4. Spring is the _time to plant trees. (good) 5. Which play of the two is _? (interest) 6. My brother is two years _than I. (old) 7. Which is_, the blouse, the shirt or that one? (nice) 8. The new library is the _one in China. (beautiful) 9. -Which animal do you like _? -I like all kinds of animals. (good) 10.My_ brother is over there. (old) 11.Mrs. Golo danced _of all. (good) 12.Who was the_(fun) actor? 13.Oldies 102.1 FM is _(bad) than All Talk 970 A.M. 14.This book is the_expensive. I can’t buy it. (many) 15.School ended a little_(early) than usual. 16.Wang Ming is_ than Wang Li. Wang Li is_than Wang Fang. So Wang Ming is_ (fat) 17.The fist piece of music is _. The second is_(popular) than it. 18.Of all the students she is_(clever). 19.I think Town Cinema has the _(friendly) service in the town. 20.I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed_than usual. (early) 参考答案 一、单项选择 1-5:CAADA 6-10:ADBAA 11-15:ACCBA 16-20:BDCDB 21-25:CCAAA 26-30:ABBBD 31-35:ADACD 36-39:BCDB 二、根据句意,用所给词的适当形式填空 1.more expensive 2.longer 3.better 4.the best 5.more interesting 6.older 7.the nicest 8.the most beautiful 9.best 10.elder 11.(the) best 12.funniest 13.worse 14.most 15.earlier 16.fatter, fatter, the fattest 17.popular, more popular 18.the cleverest 19.friendliest/ most friendly 20.earlier 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$