Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 动词不定式作定语和状语 知识点学案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

动词不定式作定语和状语 一、动词不定式作定语 情景导学 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了一些我假期要读的书。 The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it a habit.增强意志力的最好方法就是让它成为一种习惯。 Do you have something to eat?你有吃的东西吗? However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而,尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望并没有消失。 (教材P41) ...Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.……尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。 (教材P40) 用法归纳 1.动词不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,通常要放在被修饰词的①　　    。 2.用不定式作定语的几种情况: (1)不定式作定语往往表示将要发生的动作; (2)当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用 动词不定式作定语; (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用动词不定式作定语,常见的该类名词有:②　　    、way、reason、plan、ability、chance、wish、opportunity、freedom、need、right、excuse、promise、attempt等; (4)不定代词something、nothing等后面也常用动词不定式作定语。 特别提醒 ①作定语的不定式中的动词若为不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,其后通常加上适当的介词。如: I am looking for a room to live in.我正在找一间屋子住。 ②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。如: Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”) 二、动词不定式作状语 1.作目的状语 情景导学 To avoid any delay, please phone directly.为避免任何延误,请直接打电话。 Firemen had to break the door down to rescue the people trapped inside.为了营救困在里面的人,消防队员不得不破门而入。 She arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.她到得很早,就是为了得到个好座位。 用法归纳 动词不定式作目的状语时可置于句首或句末。有时为了强调和突出目的性,可以用in order to do或so as to do来表达。 2.作结果状语 情景导学 They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.他们也非常希望发现其他足够适合支撑生命(生存)的行星。 I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home.我到商店却发现我把我的钱全落在家里了。(表示一种出乎意料的结果) As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say.作为一位指挥家,他经验非常丰富,不会介意评论家们说什么。 用法归纳 动词不定式作结果状语时通常放在句末。常用在so...as to...、such...as to...、enough to...、③　　    ...to...等结构中。有时动词不定式表示一种出人意料的结果,可以在前面加上only。 3.作原因状语 情景导学 He was glad to be home again.他很高兴又回到了家。 I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble sleeping at night due to the pressure of schoolwork. 听说你由于功课的压力晚上睡不着觉,我很难过。 用法归纳 动词不定式作原因状语时主要用于“be+④　　　    +动词不定式”结构中,表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。 1 后面 ② desire ③too ④ 形容词 即时巩固 单句语法填空 1.(2023浙江1月)It was too early 　　　　    (collect) the honey. 2.(2022全国甲)People in Thailand generally use their forks only 　　　　    (push) food onto their spoons. 3.(2022全国新高考Ⅱ)It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way 　　　　    (make) their travel affordable. 4.(2022全国新高考Ⅰ)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan 　　　　    (set) up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 5.(2022全国乙)　　　　     (strengthen)the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media. 6.(2022全国乙)　　　　     (celebrate)the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 7.(2022全国甲)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi'an,as a first step 　　　　    (journey)the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot. 8.My deskmate is glad 　　　　    (meet) an outstanding teacher. 9.Without a second thought, Paul drove the car quickly back to the two cyclists, only 　　　　    (find) they were gone. 答案 1. to collect 2. to push 3. to make 4. to set 5. To strengthen 6. To celebrate 7. to journey 8. to meet 9. to find 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$