非谓语动词三巨头之不定式to do 归纳整理 讲义-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

非谓语动词三巨头之不定式to do 归纳整理 By-------小刘老师 一. to do不定式的几种重要且常考形式 肯定式：to do 否定式：not to do 被动式：to be done 二. to do 不定式在句子中可以充当哪些句子成分 1. 作主语 （1）to do不定式直接做主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 （2） it 做形式主语，to do不定式位于句末作真正的主语 ①It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+ sometime+ to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. Eg.It takes me an hour to go to school by bike every day. 每天，骑自行车去上学花费我一个小时。 2. 做宾语 （1）to do不定式直接做宾语 I plan to travel abroad this summer vacation. 我打算这个暑假去国外旅行。 （2）当句子中有宾语补足语时，it作形式宾语，to do不定式作真正的宾语 I think it hard to answer the question in one go. 我发现一下子回答出这个问题很难。 3. 做表语 His wish is to become an astronaut.  他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。 4. 做定语 （1）当定语需要表达将来的含义时，需要由不定式来充当 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多要做的作业。 （2）当被修饰词是序数词或最高级或者被序数词或最高级修饰时，非谓语动词作定语需要用不定式形式 He is always the first student to come to the classroom. 他总是第一个到教室的学生。 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 （3）当被修饰词是抽象名词时，非谓语动词作定语需要用不定式形式 I have a chance to study abroad. 我有一个出国留学的机会。 5. 做状语 （1）作目的状语 To succeed, you should try you best. 为了成功，你必须尽全力。 In order to pass the exam, he has been prepared for two weeks. 为了通过这次考试，他已经准备了两周。 （2）做结果状语 He woke up only to find that he was alone in the house. 他醒来后发现，这个屋子里竟然只有他一个人。 only to do...：竟然......，表示出乎意料的结果。 He got up so early as to catch the first bus. 他起的如此早，以致于赶上了第一趟公交车。 She is such a responsible doctor as to earn all the patients' respect. 她是如此负责任的医生以致于赢得了所有病人的尊敬。 so/such...as to do...：如此......以致于...... This box is too heavy to raise up. 这个箱子太沉了以致于抬不起来。 too...to do...：如此......以致于......，此句型中的to do表示否定含义 （3）做原因状语 We all are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他取得如此快速的进步，我们都很惊奇。 I am nice to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴。 6. 做宾语补足语 He often reminds me to keep early hours. 他经常提醒我早睡早起。 We are waiting for James to arrive. 我们等着詹姆斯到来。 PS.动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。 如：  It's no good eating too much fat. It's no good for you to eat so much fat. ②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：  It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$