考点清单01 选择性必修第一册Unit1-Unit6（重点单词变形、词组、短语、句型）- 2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

外研版选择性必修一 Unit 1　 Laugh out Loud! 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. mood n. 心情 2. circus n. 马戏团 3. amusement n. 娱乐，消遣 4. curly adj. 卷曲的 5. wig n. 假发 6. badge n. 徽章 7. ankle n. 脚踝 8. clown n. 小丑 9. entertain v. 使快乐 10. examine v. 检查(身体) 11. advertisement n. 广告 12. employer n. 雇用者，雇主 13. deserve v. 应得，应受到 14. apologise v.道歉 15. complain v.抱怨 16. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，戏剧的 17. private adj. 私人的，个人的 18. approach v. 靠近，接近n.方法 19. previous adj. 先前的，以前的 20. sensitive adj. 敏感的，易受伤的 21. update v. 更新，使升级 22. patient n. 病人adj.耐心的 23. patience n.耐心 24. anxious adj. 焦虑的 25. replace v. 取代，替代 26. contain v. 包含，包括 27. conclude v. 结束 28. comment n.评论，意见 29. facial adj. 面部的 30. circle n.圆 v.环行，盘旋 31. scene n. 场景 32. fame n. 名声，名誉 33. motive adj. 使情绪激动的 34. remark n. 言论， 意见，评论 35. interaction n. 交流 36. brand n. 牌子， 品牌 37. concept n. 概念， 观念 38. cruel adj.残忍的 39. whisper v. 悄声说，低语 【重点短语】 1. refer to 指的是，参考 2. make sense 有意义，讲得通 3. come true (梦想)实现 4. even so 即使这样 5. laughing stock 笑料 6. crack a smile 笑了起来 7. grin from ear to ear 咧着嘴笑 8. laugh one's head off 大笑不止 9. on earth 到底，究竟 10. get it 知道，明白，做到 11. get lost in... 迷失在…… 12. look through 浏览 13. be designed for... 为……而设计的 14. cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来 15. do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果 16. more often than not 通常，多半 17. in turn 反过来，转而 18. take off 脱下，摘下 19. after all 毕竟，终究 20. think on one's feet 思维敏捷，反应迅速 21. tell off 斥责，责骂 22. concentrate on 集中注意力于…… 23. in need of 需要 24. throw light on 使……容易理解 25. roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 26. amusement park 游乐场 27. sense of humour幽默感 28. look through 浏览 29. fall off 从.....上摔下来 30. in pain 痛苦地 31. in particular 尤其，特别 32. regard…as…将…视为 知识点二 重点句式 1. 倍数表达法 In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. (1) 倍数the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/...＋of... (2) 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... (3) 倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than... (4) 倍数＋what从句 (5) 对于这几种倍数表达法，我们需要注意倍数的位置；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。表示两倍时，我们常用twice或double；三倍及三倍以上常用“基数词＋times”表示。 2. 强调谓语动词 And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick. (1) did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。 (2) do表示强调时，时态与句子的时态一致。 3. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. (looking through old magazines在句中作伴随状语；all of which have been read hundreds of times previously是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词old magazines) 4. Although she is clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile，and then by loud laughter as I "magically" produce her sock from out of my pocket. (Although she is clearly still in some pain是although引导的让步状语从句；as I "magically" produce her sock from out of my pocket是as引导的时间状语从句；其余部分是主句) 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. mood n．心情，情绪；气氛，氛围 Lift the mood with a joke and explore the area. 用一个玩笑提升情绪，并探索这个地区。教材原句 拓展知识 moody adj. ________________________________ in a good/bad/low/high mood ____________________________ be/feel in the/no mood for doing sth./to do sth. ________________________ 单句语法填空 1. Tom was regretful to have forgotten to bring along candles and had to wait in a ________ mood. 2. She was very tired and in ________ mood for dancing. 考点2. complain v．抱怨，埋怨；投诉 Show everyone you are worried and complain. 向每个人显示你的担忧和抱怨。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) complain (to sb.) about/of (doing) sth.________________ (2) complain that... ____________________ (2) complaint n. ___________________ make/have a complaint against/about... _______________ 单句语法填空 1. She is always _____________( complain) of her toothache to the doctor. 2. He was overworked but never uttered a word of _____________( complain). 考点3. amusement n．消遣，娱乐，乐趣 an amusement park 一个游乐场教材原句 拓展知识 (1) with/in amusement__________ (2) to one's amusement _______________________ (2) amuse vt. ____________________________________ amuse sb. /oneself ______________________ (3) amused adj. __________________________ (4) be amused at/by... ______________________________ (4) amusing adj. ______________________________________ 单句语法填空 1. To my (amuse), he couldn’t get the window open. 2. Yesterday, we went to an ________ park where we were ________ by ________ performances. (amuse) 考点4. approach v. 走进，临近，接近；处理；n. 方法，方式；接近；路径 As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat, I look just like any other doctor. 当我穿着白大褂走近医院时，我看起来就像其他医生一样。教材原句 拓展知识 approach sb/sth. __________________ (an) approach to (doing) sth. ___________________ make an approach to _______________________ 完成句子 1. 随着冬天的临近,花已经凋谢了。With the winter _______________, the flowers have faded.  2. 他处理这个问题的方法是错误的。His ______________________________________are wrong.  考点5. entertain v. 使快乐；招待，款待 Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them. 作为一名小丑医生意味着我可以通过使人们快乐来帮助他们教材原句 拓展知识 (1) entertain sb. with sth. ________________ (2) entertaining adj. ________________________ (3) entertainment n. _________________________ 单句语法填空 1. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to ___________(entertain) guests. 2. Oxford has a lot to offer visitors in the way of ___________(entertain). 3. To earn more money, the activity needs to be more ___________(entertain). 考点6. put on 穿上，带上；上演；增加 That is until I put on my curly rainbow wig, big red nose, and add my name badge “Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”. 直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假发、大红鼻子，并加上我的名字徽章“大笑医生拉里”。教材原句 拓展知识 put aside _______________ put away ______________ put forward ___________ put off _______________ put out _____________ put up with ______________ put up ________________ 单句语法填空 1. He put ________several interesting plans.  2. The headmaster put ________the exam results.  3. The manager had to put ________several meetings because of the big fire.  考点7. cheer up (使)高兴起来；(使)振作起来 On a typical day, we spend our time cheering up patients, their families, and more often than not, the hospital staff, too! 平常，我们花时间鼓舞病人、他们的家人，更多的时候，也鼓舞医院的工作人员!教材原句 拓展知识 (1) cheer v. ____________；n. ____________ (2) cheerful adj. ___________________________ (3) cheer sb on ____________________________ cheer for ____________________ Cheers! _________________ 用适当的介词填空 1. I do hope she can cheer _______and accept the challenge of life bravely. Let’s go to the football game and cheer _______our favourite team.  考点8. concentrate on 集中精力于，全神贯注于 While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick. 当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时,我用一个魔术来吸引她的注意力。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) concentrate on (doing) sth. _____________ (2)与concentrate on意思相近的短语有： ____________________________________________________________________ (3) concentration n. ______________________ 单句语法填空 1. ______________ (concentrate) on her homework, she didn't notice her teacher coming in. 2. Speaking on the phone requires _______________(concentrate) and may takes a driver’s attention from the road. 考点9. examine v. 检查（身体） While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick. 当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时,我用一个魔术来吸引她的注意力。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) examination n.__________________ (2) examiner n. _____________________ (3) examinee n. _____________________ 单句语法填空 1. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and ____________(examine) more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. 2. A specialist should carry out an ____________(examine) of the patient. 考点10. in turn 反过来；依次，轮流 Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara’s parents more relaxed. 看到他们的女儿如此快乐，这反过来让劳拉的父母也跟着变得更加放松了。教材原句 拓展知识 轮流，依次：___________________________________________________________________________ 同义词辨析填空 The two sisters took care of their sick mother __________. = The two sisters ______________ to take care of their sick mother 考点11. make sense 有道理，讲得通，有意义 If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense? 如果你去掉从句，这些句子还有意义吗?教材原句 拓展知识 make no sense ___________________ make sense of ________________ a sense of humour/security/direction/fear ____________________________ 用适当的介词填空 This will help you make sense ________everything you feel you need to do. 考点12. annoying adj. 令人恼怒的；使人烦恼的 Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking, which he finds annoying at this time of night. 华生不太明白他的意思,他认为福尔摩斯是在开玩笑,他觉得晚上的这个时间(开玩笑)很烦人。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) annoy v. _____________ (2) (2) annoyed adj. _________________ be annoyed with sb. _____________ be annoyed at/about sth. _______________ sb. is annoyed that... _______________ 单句语法填空 1. He ____________(annoy)his mother for being so rude to their neighbors.  2. She was annoyed ____________her husband for coming back home late.  3. The ____________ (annoy) thing is that some bosses look down upon their staff.  4. I bet she was annoyed ____________having to write it out again.  考点13. advertisement n. 广告 Organise information from the passage and complete the job advertisement. 从文章中组织信息，并完成这则招聘广告。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) advertise v. _____________________ advertise for _______________ (2) advertiser n. ____________________ (3) advertising n. ___________________ 单句语法填空 1. They put an _______________(advertise) in the local paper for a secretary. 2. I need to advertise _________ a roommate for next term. 考点14. employer n. 雇用者，雇主 拓展知识 (1) employ v. ____________________________________ employ sb. as __________________ be employed in doing sth. ________________ (2) employee n. ________________ (3) employment n. __________________ (4) unemployment n. _______________ 单句语法填空 The ________ found a part-time ____________, which made his ________ angry. (employ) 考点15. impress vt. 使钦佩，使留下深刻印象 Watson is pleased with his answer, which he thinks will impress Holmes. 华生对他的回答很满意,他认为这会给福尔摩斯留下深刻的印象。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) impress sb. with/by sth. _____________________ impress sth. on/upon sb. _______________________ (2) impression n. ______________ leave/make a(n)...impression on sb. ____________________ (3) impressive adj. _______________________ 单句语法填空 1. Williams was ___________(impress) by the standard of work.  2. She was very ___________(impress) in the interview, which made it possible for her to get the job.  3. My first ___________(impress) of Ms Li was that she was nervous and shy. 考点16. deserve v. 应得，应受到 We all deserve a second chance, I guess. 我想我们都应该再得到一次机会。教材原句 拓展知识 deserve to do sth. ________________________ deserve doing sth. = sth. deserve to be done _________________ 【deserve后接动词-ing为主动形式表示被动意义,相当于接动词不定式的被动形式to be done。有此类用法的词还有表示“需要”的__________________等】 一句多译 任何在考试中作弊的学生都应该受罚。 Any student who cheats in the exam ________________________________________. = Any student who cheats in the exam ________________________________________. = Any student who cheats in the exam ________________________________________. 考点17. combine v. (使)组合，结合 Closer to modern times, someone who is remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is American writer, Mark Twain. 更接近现代的一个人是美国作家马克·吐温，他将幽默与更严肃的信息结合起来的能力为人们所铭记。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) combine to do sth. ___________________ combine A with/and B ___________________ combine against... _________________ (2) combination n. ________________________ 单句语法填空 1. The states __________(combine) with each other, and the __________(combine) of the 50 states forms the United States of America.  2. If your knowledge can __________(combine) with my experience, we’re sure to succeed. 考点18. interaction n. 交流；相互作用，相互影响 But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with people. 但他在与人们的日常交流中也以其诙谐的话语而闻名。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) interact v. ______________________ interact with… ____________________ (2) interactive adj. ________________________ 单句语法填空 1. We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our ____________(interact) with other people. 2. I would appreciate it if you could give me an opportunity to interact _________ the artists. 考点19. spot n. 地点，处所；斑点；污渍；v. 看见，注意到 Once, having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech. 有一次，他被邀请到一所大学参加晚宴，当校长突然请他发表演讲时，这令他很难堪。教材原句 拓展知识 put sb. on the spot __________________ on the spot _______________ spot sb doing sth. ___________________ be spotted with ____________ 完成句子 1. 在路上，我们发现一个男子拿着一张纸，纸上写着“我失去了工作，家人需要养活。” On the way, we _______________________________a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job. Family to feed.”  2. 他们承认当时在现场。 They admitted that they were then _______________________________.  考点20. shocked adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 The tiger looked shocked and hurried away. 老虎看起来很震惊，赶紧走开了。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) shock v. _____________n. ____________ to one’s shock _________________________ be shocked at/by… _________________ (2) shocking adj. ____________________ 单句语法填空 1. All the people present felt ____________at the _____________news. (shock) 2. The whole world was __________(shock) when they learned that the earthquake had brought so much damage.  考点21. conclude v. 结束，终止；断定；推断出，得出结论；达成（协定） A punch lines concludes a joke and is intended to make people laugh. 妙语是笑话的结尾，意在使人发笑。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) to conclude ______________ conclude from ____________________ (2) conclusion n. ___________________ in conclusion _____________________ come to/arrive at/reach/draw/lead to a conclusion _______________ jump/leap to conclusions _______________________ 单句语法填空 1. Those are the facts; what do you conclude ____________them?  2. ____________conclusion, I’d just like to thank you all for coming.  3. We can safely draw some ____________ (conclude) from our discussion.  4. We shouldn’t jump ____________ conclusions about the cause of the problem.  考点22. As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat, I look just like any other doctor. 当我穿着白大褂走近医院时，我看起来就像其他医生一样。 as用作从属连词的用法拓展知识 (1) 引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。 (2) 引导时间状语从句，强调主从句谓语动词的同时性,意为“当……时，一边……一边……；随着”。 (3) 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”,句子要用倒装结构。 (4) 引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式，按照”。 (5) 引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”。 完成句子 1. 随着年龄的增长，我们变得越来越聪明了。 ___________________________________________, we get wiser and wiser.  2. 尽管年轻,他却懂得很多。 ___________________________________________, he knows a lot.  考点23. While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others, I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit. 虽然劳拉和其他人可能还会再进几次医院接受治疗，但我希望小丑医生能使这里成为一个更友好的场所。 while的用法拓展知识 (1) while可引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。 (2) while可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时，在……时”。 (3) while可以用来表示对比,意为“然而，可是”。 完成句子 1. 我希望我的女儿在年轻时能经历一些挫折。 I want my daughter to experience some setbacks ____________________________________.  2. 在一些地方,人们期望妇女挣钱，而男子则在家干活，抚养子女。 In some places women are expected to earn money _______________________________and raise their children.  考点24. Discuss other situations in which you could use these expressions.讨论可以使用这些表达式的其他情况。 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句拓展知识 (1) 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，若先行词是人或物，紧接在介词后的关系代词分别使用whom或which，不能使用who或 that。 (2) 介词的选用原则： ①根据与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。 Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? ②根据与先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。The farm on which we worked before isn’t what it used to be. ③根据句子的具体含义来考虑。 The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday. 单句语法填空 1. China is a beautiful country, ________which we are greatly proud.  2. This is the student by ________my daughter was saved.  3. He built a telescope through ________he could study the skies.  4. The person ________whom you should write is Mr. Ball.  考点25. Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury, it’s my job to make her feel better. 强调句式拓展知识 强调句式基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that / who (被强调部分指人时) + 句子其余部分 PS： 1. 强调句式的判断：将句中的It is/was和that/who去掉，如果句子所剩下的部分不缺少任何成分，调整位置后是一句完整的句子，则此句即为强调句。 2. 强调句式不能强调谓语动词部分。 单句语法填空 1. It was yesterday _________ he met an old friend in the park. 2. It was my grandmother __________ helped me with the letter to Santa when I was young. 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 2　 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. overnight adv. 突然，一夜之间 2. endurance n. 忍耐力 3. guarantee v. 保证，确保 4. pace n. 速度，进度 5. outcome n. 结果，后果 6. nevertheless adv. 然而，不过 7. classic n. 名著，经典作品 8. manuscript n. 手稿，底稿 9. debt n. 债务，欠款 10. eagerly adv. 热切地 11. previously adv. 以前，原先 12. survive v. 幸存 13. eventually adv. 最终 14. global adj. 全球的 15. serve v. (以某种方式将食物、饮料等)端上；服务 16. best-seller n. 畅销书，畅销产品 17. blessing n. 幸事 bless v. 祝福，保佑 18. strike v. 打，撞 n. 罢工，打击 19. appreciative adj. 感激的，赏识的 20. blind adj. 瞎的，盲目的 21. deaf adj. 聋的，失聪的 22. silence n. 寂静 silent adj. 沉默的，寂静的 23. observe v. 发现 24. mere adj. 仅仅，只不过 25. reveal v. 展现，显示 revelation n. 展现，显示 26. companionship n. 友谊 27. soul n. 灵魂 28. spirit n. 精神 29. gentleness n. 温和，亲切 30. progress n. 进步 发展 31. channel n. 频道 32. outline n. 外形 33. probe v. 调查，探究 34. anxious adj. 焦虑的，渴望的 35. dawn n. 黎明 36. embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 【重点短语】 1．give up 　放弃 2．stick to 　坚持 3．have something in common 　有共同之处 4．be regarded as 　被认为是 5．drag one's feet 　做事拖拉 6．come across 　偶然遇到 7．be appreciative of 对……感激 8．probe into 　探讨，探索 9．go about 　着手，从事 10．apply...to... 　把……应用于…… 11．be aware of 　知道，意识到 12．pick up 　捡起，拾起 13．take...for example 　以……为例 14．close in on 　逼近，靠近 15. so far 到目前为止 16. play a part 起作用 17. stick out 伸出 18. turn down 拒绝 19. translate… into 把…翻译成 20. along with 连同…一起 21. be regarded as 被认为 22. struggle to do sth. 尽力做某事 23. dream of (doing) sth. 梦想（做）某事 24. in fact 事实上，实际上 25. be worth doing 值得做… 知识点二 重点句式 1. The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentences. (独立主格结构) 出版社的回信来了，作者迫不及待的打开来读，读到最后一句时，他们的心都凉了半截。 2. As we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. 众所周知，《哈利•波特》在全球取得了成功，卖出了4亿多册，并被翻译成70多种语言。 3. This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers. (when 引导定语从句，先行词a time) 然而，这是一个妇女不被鼓励成为作家的时代。 4. It is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words. (强调句型) 在《简•爱》一书中，我们可以找到这样的一句话。 5. Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. (what 引导宾语从句） 我时而询问我能看见东西的朋友，以了解他们看见了什么。 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. quit v. 放弃，停止；戒掉，辞职 Don’t quit. 不要放弃。教材原句 拓展知识 quit doing sth. ________________ quit one's job ____________ quit school __________ 单句语法填空/完成句子 1. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was ________. (quit) 2. Susan ________________________ (已经辞去了她的高薪工作) and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood. 考点2. debt n. 债务，欠款；人情债；负债 When the funds are low and the debts are high… 当资金紧缺而债台高筑时……教材原句 拓展知识 be in debt __________ be out of debt ______________ get/fall/run into debt _____________ pay off the debt _____________ be in one’s debt = owe a debt of gratitude of sb. __________________ 单句语法填空 1.The company used to be ____________ heavy debt, but now it is ____________ debt. 2.I can guarantee that he will pay ____________ the debt in two months. 3.I’ll always be ____________ your debt for all the help you’ve given me. 考点3. inform v．通知，告知 考点4. regret v./n. 遗憾；后悔 We regret to inform you... 我们遗憾地通知你……教材原句 拓展知识 (1) inform sb. of sth. ___________________ inform sb. that... _______________ keep sb. informed of... ___________________ information n. _________________ (2) regret doing/having done sth. _______________ regret to do sth. _______________ to one's regret __________________ regretful adj. __________________ 单句语法填空 1. Please keep us ____________(inform) of the status of this project.  2. A week before Earth Day, posters were put up to inform us of _______(join) in the actions for a greener earth.  3. As for your letter, I am pleased to inform you ____________your plans are quite acceptable to us.  4. However, when she hung up, she ________ (regret) the way she had handed the call. 5. I have regretted not ________________ (take) his advice. 考点5. have... in common有相同之处 ...she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers...教材原句 ……她认为这意味着现在她和她最喜欢的作家有了一些共同之处。 拓展知识 have much/a lot/a great deal in common _______________ have something in common _________________ have little in common ___________________ have nothing in common ___________________ 完成句子 1.然后你可以和他们有很多共同点。 Then you can ______________________________with them.  2.他们是兄弟，但没有共同点。 They are brothers, but they ______________________________.  考点6. comment v./n. 评论 When she finally finished her first book, she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”, “too long”, “Children would not be interested in it”. 当她终于完成她的第一本书时，她收到了出版商的评论，大意是“对孩子们来说太难了”“太长了”“孩子们不会感兴趣”。教材原句 拓展知识 make comments/a comment on/about sth. _____________ comment on sth. ________________ 单句语法填空 1. I’d appreciate it if you can make helpful ____________ (comment) on my work.  2. I can’t comment ____________the statement before I have got further information.  考点7. turn down 调低（音量）；拒绝 I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down... 在每个出版商都拒绝我之前，我都不会放弃……教材原句 拓展知识 turn up ___________________ turn to ________________ turn on ___________________ turn off ________________ turn back _________________ turn out ________________ turn over_________________ 完成句子 1. 他努力想参军，但因身体不好被断然拒绝。 He tried to join the army but ______________________________because of poor health.  2. 不幸的是，结果证明他们并非更具有创造性。 Unfortunately, they didn’t ______________________________more creative.  3. 请调大点声音，我听不清楚收音机。 Please ______________________________the radio; I can’t hear it clearly.  考点8. struggle v. 努力，奋斗，争取；挣扎脱身，搏斗；斗争，抗争；　n. 斗争，努力 J.D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works published. 塞林格高中时就开始写短篇小说，但后来他的作品很难出版。教材原句 拓展知识 struggle for... ___________________ struggle to do sth. _____________________ struggle with/against... ____________ struggle to one's feet ___________________ 单句语法填空 1. With more and more fast­food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle ________ attention. 2. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle ________ (find) a sense of belonging. 考点9. response n．回应，响应 Their response was to write a book of poems under male names. 她们的回应是用男性名字写一本诗集。教材原句 拓展知识 make a response to　_________________ in response to ____________________ respond v. ____________________ respond to _____________________ 单句语法填空 1.After several rounds of competition, the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick ________________(respond).  2.None of the students responded _____________her question; that is to say, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.  3.She asked where he’d been, but he didn’t ________________ (response).  考点10. guarantee v. 保证，确保；n. 保证，担保；保修单 So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success. 所以,看来光靠天赋还不足以保证成功。教材原句 拓展知识 guarantee to do sth. __________________ guarantee that... ______________ guarantee sb. sth. ____________________ be guaranteed to do sth. ____________ give sb a guarantee that... _____________ under guarantee ________________ 完成句子 1. 一张火车票不能保证你有座位。 A train ticket can't ________________. 2. 和朋友一起出去玩肯定会让你高兴起来。 Going out with friends ______________________________cheer you up.  3. 如果你的手机还在保修期内，我们会免费修理的。 Your mobile phone will be repaired free if it is still ________________. 考点11. due to 由于，因为 When he had to stop swimming due to health problems, he decided to learn how to play the piano with his toes. 当他因健康问题不得不停止游泳时,他决定学习如何用脚趾弹钢琴。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) 表示“由于，因为”的几个短语： ____________（常作表语、定语或状语，通常不放句首） ____________（常作状语） ____________（常作表语或状语，通常用“，”与主句隔开） ____________（常作状语） ____________（译为“多亏”） (3) due adj. _____________________be due to do sth. _________________ be due for sth. ______________ (be) due to sb. _______________________ 选词填空(thanks to/due to/because of/owing to/on account of) 1. Accidents ____________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.  2. ____________ a sudden rain, he came back.  3. ____________ his help, we finished our work in time.  4. It was ____________the job that he had taken the flat.  考点12. inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；启发 Today, Liu Wei still enjoys playing music, and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all. 教材原句 今天，刘伟仍然喜欢演奏音乐，他乐观的态度激励着我们大家。 拓展知识 (1) inspire v. _________________________ inspire sb to do sth. ______________ (2) inspiring adj. ______________________ (3) inspired adj. _______________________ 单句语法填空 1. These events provided the ____________ (inspire) for his first novel.  2. It is really ____________ (inspire) to hear that my son got first place in the maths contest.  3. Every day in our work, we ____________ (inspire) by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.  考点13. worthwhile adj．重要的；值得做的 Even though being a camper has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile. 尽管当营员有挑战，但我觉得这是值得的。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) it is worthwhile doing/to do sth. _______________ (2) be worth doing_____________ = ______________= _____________ be worth the money/an effort/a try _____________________ be worth it ________________________ 完成句子 1.Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worth experiencing. = Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worthy ____________________________________.  = Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it is well worthwhile _______________________ /_______________________ this festival.  考点14. enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的 someone who is extremely enthusiastic and enjoys working extremely hard 一个非常有激情并且喜欢努力工作的人教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be enthusiastic about _____________ (2) enthusiasm n. _____________ (3) enthusiast n. _____________ 完成句子 1. 她对学校的活动非常热心。 She ____________________________________school activities.  2. 你在这座城市肯定会受到热烈的欢迎。 You will definitely get a(n) ____________________________________welcome in this city.  3. 他们对这个新计划显得不那么热情。 They showed little ______________________for the new plan.  考点15. effect n. 影响，作用；效果 A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people. 良好的态度会对其他人产生积极的影响。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) have a(n)...effect on　___________________ come into effect _____________ (2) in effect _______________ (3) affect v. ______________ (3) effective adj. ____________________ 单句语法填空 1. As we know, getting angry not only does harm to one’s health but also has a bad effect ____________ the relationship between people.  2. ____________ effect, the two systems are the same.  3. With the government’s aid, those ___________(affect) by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.  考点16. compete v. 与……比赛，竞争 Before the contest, he competed against a girl at school.在比赛之前,他在学校和一个女孩竞争。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) compete with/against...for... __________________compete in _________________________ (2) competitive adj. ____________ (3) competition n. _____________ (4) competitor n. ______________ 单句语法填空 1. We can compete ____________ students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.  2. I am very delighted at getting a chance to compete ____________ the final.  3. As the youngest ____________, I had to ____________ in the writing contest against 20 other top students for the annual writing award. I must be very ____________ to be the winner. (compete) 考点17. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，烦恼的，不快的； v. 使不安，心烦意乱；打乱，搅乱；弄翻 Why are you so upset? 你为什么这么难过?教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be upset about sth. _______________ (2) upsetting adj. ______________________ 单句语法填空 1. The result of the boy’s blood test was ___________ (upset).  2. She was still ___________ (upsetting) about the argument she’d had with Harry.  3. Needless to say, I was very upset ___________the whole thing.  考点18. elect v. 选举，推选；选择，决定 You ran for Head of the Student Committee but weren’t elected. 你竞选学生会主席一职，但是没被选上。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) elect to do sth. ________________ elect sb. (as) +（职位） _______________ (2) election n. __________________ 单句语法填空 1. With the development of e-commerce, increasing numbers of people elect ___________(purchase) daily necessities via live streaming. 2. After Lincoln ___________(elect) President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and sold most of their furniture. 考点19. make (full/good) use of （充分）利用，使用 What special assistance can people with disabilities make use of in their daily lives? 残疾人在日常生活中可以利用哪些特殊援助?教材原句 拓展知识 make the best/most of ____________ take (full) advantage of ____________ put...to use _______________ come into use ___________ be of great use _____________ it is no use/useless doing sth. ______________ 单句语法填空 1. Full use must _________ (make) of every minute to go over our lessons, for the final examination is coming.  2. In my opinion, every chance should be made full use of ___________ (practise) our oral English.  考点20. appreciative adj. 感激的 Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. 黑暗会使他更加感激视力，寂静能教会他声音的乐趣。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be appreciative of sb./sth. _____________ (2) appreciate v. ________________ appreciate (sb./one’s) doing sth. _______________ I would appreciate it if… _________________ (3) appreciation n. _________________ in appreciation of _________________ 完成句子 1. 如果你能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。 _________________________________ you could take my invitation into consideration. 2. 我十分感激你给予我的所有支持。 _________________________________ all the support you’ve given me. 考点21. observe v. 观察，注意到；遵守；庆祝 Recently, I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed. 最近,我问一个刚从树林里散步回来的朋友她看到了什么。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) observe sb. do sth. _____________________ observe sb. doing sth. ________________________ observe sb./sth. done ___________________ observe sb./sth. being done ___________________ PS：observe sb do sth. 在变成被动语态时，应添加省略的不定式符号“_____”。 They were observed _____________ the window and jump into the house. 有人看到他们打开了窗户，然后跳进了房子里。 (2) observation n. _______________ under observation ______________ (3) observer n. __________________ (4) observatory n. ________________ 完成句子 1. 数以千计的人观看了轮船离港的情形。 Thousands of people observed　______________________the harbour.  2. 因此，应该制定网络投票的规则并严格遵守。 Therefore, rules of online voting should be worked out and ______________________.  考点22. delight v. (使)高兴，(使)欣喜；n. 快乐，高兴，喜悦；使人高兴的事 The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. 第二天早晨,我应该再次迎接黎明,渴望发现新的乐事、新的美丽启示。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) take (great)delight in _____________ with delight ________________ to one’s delight ________________ delight sb. with sth. _________________ delight in (doing) sth. _____________ (2) delighted adj. ____________be delighted at/by/with sth. _____________ be delighted to do/in doing sth. __________________ (3) delightful adj. _______________ 单句语法填空 1. I am always delighted ________ (receive) your letters. In spite of being short, they bring much relief when I know that you are safe. 2. It is a truly ________ (delight) place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 3. ________ our delight, varieties of birds in the forest are on the increase. 4. It's not polite to take delight ________ proving others wrong. 5. Sophie has moved to live in the countryside and she is delighted ________ her new home. 考点23. apply v. 申请；运用，应用 And the same method can be applied to the other senses. 同样的方法也适用于其他感官。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) apply A to B _________________ apply oneself to _________________ (2) apply to _____________________ apply (to...) for... __________________ (3) applicant n. _______________ (3) application n. _______________ 单句语法填空 1. We need to apply _____________planning permission to build a garage.  2. The local hospital was one of the first to apply _____________ (become) self-governing.  3. As the wages were low, there were few _____________ (apply) for the job.  考点24. end up 最后……，最终…… Even using a spoon, most of the soup ended up on my shirt. 即使用勺子，大部分的汤最后还是到了我的衬衫上。教材原句 拓展知识 end up as...　_________________ end up with... _______________ end up doing sth. ________________ 单句语法填空 1. 你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。 If you continue to steal, you’ll ______________________.  2. 如果你不知道自己想要什么,那你可能最终会得到你并不想要的东西。 If you don’t know what you want, you might ______________________you don’t want.  考点25. embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的，为难的 Even using a spoon, most of the soup ended up on my shirt. 即使用勺子，大部分的汤最后还是到了我的衬衫上。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) embarrass vt. ______________________ (2) embarrassing adj.______________________ (3) embarrassment n. ______________________ to one’s embarrassment __________________ 单句语法填空 1. I was _____________ (embarrass) by his comments about my clothes.  2. The old man suffered much _____________(embarrass) in his youth.  3. The girl became an _____________(embarrass) to her parents when she grew up.  4. My son asked me an _____________(embarrass) question I couldn’t answer.  考点26. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words... 继续努力，最终你会读到…… “祈使句+and+陈述句”句型拓展知识 “祈使句+ and +陈述句”句型的三种变化形式： (1)_______________：Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it. 尝尝这种果汁,也许你会喜欢的。 (2) _________________：It is really very dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well. 真危险。再多迈一步,这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。 (3) ____________。or表示“_______”“___________”，可用_________或___________替换： Take the chance, or you will regret it. 抓住机会吧,否则你会遗憾的。 PS: 祈使句部分要用___________开头，根据句意确定用_______还是______，陈述句中通常用___________。 单句语法填空 1. _____________ (listen) carefully or you’ll miss something important.  2. Let’s keep to the point _____________ we will never reach any decisions.  3. Give blood if you can and many lives _____________ (save).  4. Give me a chance, _____________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.  考点27. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen. 只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到我还有多少东西没有看到。 only + 副词/介词短语/状语从句 + 部分倒装句拓展知识 PS: “only+名词/代词”置于句首作主语时不倒装。 部分倒装句的使用条件： (1) 句首为否定或半否定词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until..., not only, no sooner等时，句子要用部分倒装。 Little did I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery. 我做梦也没想到会看到这样美妙的景色。 (2) 句首为so, neither, nor时，要用倒装结构。如果第一分句是肯定句，第二分句用“so+倒装结构”；如果第一分句是否定句，第二分句则用“neither/nor+倒装结构”。 He is crazy about football and so is his young brother. 他对足球着迷，他弟弟也是。 (3) as引导让步状语从句时必须将表语、状语或谓语提前，即把形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。though引导让步状语从句时有时也可以倒装。 Famous as he is, he is easy-going. 尽管他很有名气，但他很平易近人。 完成句子 1. 他不但会讲英语,而且还能流利地讲日语。 ______________________English, but he can also speak Japanese fluently.  2. 我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。 I don’t know where he lives. ______________________.  3. 他虽然非常喜欢英语,但却没学好。 ______________________English, he doesn’t do well in it.  考点28. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key. 虽然艰苦的努力和少许的运气起一部分作用，但毅力才是关键。 while作连词的含义拓展知识 (1) 引导时间状语从句，意思是“___________” (2) 引导让步状语从句，意思是“___________”，相当于although (3) 作并列连词用，意思是“___________”，表对比。 单句语法填空/完成句子 1. I was never very neat, ________ my roommate Kate was extremely organized. 2. 我买东西时，你能不能照看一下孩子？ Would you look after the children ___________________？ 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 3　 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. pace n. 速度 2. decade n. 十年 3. legendary adj. 传奇式的 4. fixture n. 固定存在物 5. elderly adj. 年老的 6. chain store 连锁店 7. admit v. 承认，准许进入 8. sympathy n. 同情 9. dusty adj. 布满灰尘的 10. frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地 11. comment n. 评论 12. corner n. 角落 13. brick n. 砖 14. organic adj. 有机的，绿色的 15. deliver v. 递送，发送，接生，释放 16. corporate adj. 共同的，公司的 17. convey v. 传达，运输 18. factor n. 因素 19. emphasise v. 强调 20. divide v. 分开 21. policy n. 政策 22. pave v. 铺 23. compete v. 竞争 24. solid adj . 坚实的 25. accomplish v. 完成 26. investment n. 投资 27. occupation n. 工作，职位 28. following adj. 以下的，下列的 29. sign n. 符号 30. symbol n. 象征，标志，符号，记号 31. attempt n. 尝试，企图 32. component n. 组成部分 33. literally adv. 根据字面意思 34. represent v. 代表 35. expand v. (使)扩大，增加 36. intention n. 意图，目的 37. accessible adj. 易懂的 38. tendency n. 趋势 39. facilitate v. 促进，使便利 40. properly adv. 适当地 41. convincing adj. 有说服力的，使人信服的 【重点短语】 1. stay in business 继续营业 2. go out of business 停业，歇业 3. under the leadership of… 在……的领导下 4. in good hands 被照顾的很好 5. take over 接管 6. pop up 突然出现，冒出来 7. pave the way 铺平道路 8. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 9. combine…with… 把……和……结合起来 10. turn to 转向，求助 11. turn into 变成 12. pore over 仔细阅读，凝视 13. clear away 清除 14. tear down 拆除 15. in favor of 支持 16. have a great influence on 对…有重大影响 17. instead of 代替，而不是 18. reply with 以......回复/回应 19. search for 寻找，搜寻 20. follow the trend 顺应潮流 21. introduce...in/into... 把......引入...... 22. be limited to… 局限于......(to是介词) 23. be similar to 与......相似 24. for instance 例如 25. a string of 一串，一系列 26. replace A with B 用B代替A 27. take away 拿走，带走 28. pop up 突然出现，冒出来 29. after all 毕竟，终究 30. (be) packed with 挤满...... 31. choose to do sth 选择做某事 知识点二 重点句式 【重点句子】 1. The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing after 50 years of business, I was heartbroken.（the day是名词词组，此处用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“那天......时”） 2. It made me realize that the bookstore and all that Old Casey had given to the community could soon disappear for good.（all作先行词，只用that） 3. I joined Casey, who was looking up at the screen on which readers’ comments kept popping up.（介词+关系代词引导的定语从句） 4. While waiting outside the cafeteria, I received the following message from my friend.（状语从句的省略） 5. His creativity and perseverance made him Davidson's star player.（made him Davidson's star player为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构。） “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以用省略to的动词不定式，形容词，名词或介词短语。 6. Selected for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.（Selected for the NBA in 2009是过去分词短语作状语，表示时间。） (1)过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作，表示时间、原因、让步等。 (2)过去分词作状语可转换为状语从句。 (3)过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 7. ...it was along this road that Stephen's grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.（“It is/was...that...”是强调句型，本句中强调地点状语。） 8. Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.（现在分词短语作状语。） 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. association n. 协会，社团；联合，联想 考点2. attach v. 系，贴，附 A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association (NBA), it was along this road that Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. 这里远离美国国家篮球协会(NBA)明亮的灯光和闪闪发光的球场，正是在这条路上，斯蒂芬的祖父把一块塑料绑在电线杆上，做了一个简单的篮子。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) in association with ______________ associate vt. ______________ associate...with... _________________________________ be associated with _________________ (2) attach A to B____________________ attach great importance/significance to sth. _________________________ attached adj. ________________ be attached to ___________________ 完成句子 这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。 The old man _____________________old customs and habits.  她在信封上贴上一枚邮票，然后寄了出去。 She _____________the envelope and mailed it.  说实在的，许多人把变得富有和出名看得很重。 To be honest, a lot of people __________________becoming rich and famous.  单句语法填空 1) I, representing our university's student ________ (associate), went to the Beijing Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students. 2) Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air ________ health care. 考点3. give way 倒塌，向下垮；让路，撤退 You see, with every shot, the weak plastic backboard gave way. 你看，每一次投篮，脆弱的塑料篮板都会向下垮。教材原句 拓展知识 give away _______________________ give back ___________________ give forth _______________________ give in _____________________ give off _________________________ give over ___________________ give in to ________________________ give out_____________________ give up _________________________ 用适当的介词填空 1. My family insisted that I should not give ___________, but stay and fight.  2. The doctor told him to give ___________smoking and drinking.  3. The Mayor gave ___________the prizes at the sports meeting.  4. The encouraging news was given ___________on the radio yesterday.  考点4. in all directions v. 朝四面八方 The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions. 篮子下面道路上的颠簸和岩石使球向四面八方弹动。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) in the direction of... _______________ under one’s direction ____________________ (2) direct adj._______________v. _________________ direct sb. to do sth. __________________ (3) directly adv. _______________conj._____________________ 完成句子 1. 法官命令被告保持沉默。 The judge directed the defendant _____________________________.  2. 这位导演的电影很受年轻人的欢迎。 The film _____________________________this director is popular with young people.  3. 迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。 Dick found himself walking _____________________________Mike’s house.  考点5. aim vi. & vt. 瞄准，对准；vi. 力争做到，力求达到；vt. 目的是，旨在；n. 目标，目的；瞄准 Only shots perfectly aimed at its centre went into the heavy, thick basket. 只有完全瞄准球门中心的射门才会进入又厚又重的篮筐。教材原句 拓展知识 aim (sth.) at sb./sth. _________________ aim at/for sth. _______________ aim to do = aim at doing _______________ be aimed at sb./ (doing) sth. __________________ 单句语法填空 1. The theatre aims ________ (build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing Shakespeare's comedy. 2. This activity ________ (aim) at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking is very popular. 考点6. adjust v. 调整，调节；适应，习惯 He had to adjust his own playing style as a result. 因此他不得不调整自己的打球风格。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) attach A to B________________ attach great importance/significance to sth. ________________ (2) attached adj. ________________ be attached to __________________ 完成句子 1. 这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。 The old man _____________________________old customs and habits.  2. 她在信封上贴上一枚邮票，然后寄了出去。 She _____________________________the envelope and mailed it.  3. 说实在的，许多人把变得富有和出名看得很重。 To be honest, a lot of people _____________________________becoming rich and famous.  考点7. sharpen v. (使)提高，改善；(使)变得锋利 In this way, practising day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills. 就这样，日复一日的练习帮助斯蒂芬提高了他的技能。教材原句 拓展知识 sharp adj. ______________________________________________ 单句语法填空 1. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________ (sharp), “Don't be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. 2. Memories can be destroyed if the brain doesn't have enough rests to ________ (sharp) them. 考点8. carry on 继续；从事，进行 But Stephen carried on. 但斯蒂芬继续追求他的梦想。教材原句 拓展知识 carry on with/doing sth　_____________ carry off ________________ carry out ______________ carry through _____________________ 单句语法填空 1. She is determined to carry on ________ her education. 2. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry ________， and they would catch up with him soon. 3. We really can't carry on ________ (live) like this. We have to find a bigger house. 考点9. expectation n. 预料，预期；期待 He performed beyond everyone’s expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. 他的精准投篮和不断的努力超出了所有人的预期。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) beyond one's expectations ________________________________ live up to/meet (one's) expectations ____________________________ (2) expect v. _____________ expect to do sth. _______________ expect sb. to do sth. __________________ (3) expected adj. _______________ (4) unexpected adj. _________________ (5) unexpectedly adv. _______________________ 单句语法填空 1. Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach a compromise (折中) between parents' __________ (expect) and their kids' desires. 2. The global population is expected ________ (grow) to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate (估计) that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. 3. People select news in expectation ________ a reward. 考点10. set out 着手做；出发，动身 I never really set out to change the game... 我从来没有真正着手改变比赛……教材原句 拓展知识 set about (doing) sth. ________________= set out to do sth. set aside __________________________ set up _______________________ set back __________________________ set off _______________________ 完成句子 1. 他们和朋友道别后，动身去目的地。 Having said goodbye to their friends, they _____________________________for their destination.  2. 他们开始粉刷整座房子。 They _____________________________the whole house.  3. 该组织的成立是为了保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。 The organization _____________________________to protect endangered species from extinction.  4. 那对老夫妇想要存些钱。 The old couple tried to _____________________________some money.  考点11. pull on 穿上，戴上 She tried to pull the shoe back on, but it cost her precious time. 她想把鞋穿回去，但这耽误了她宝贵的时间。教材原句 拓展知识 pull away ____________ pull back ____________ pull down ________ pull in______________________ pull out ____________ pull through __________________ pull up _______________ 用适当的介词填空 1. The bus had pulled ___________when she got there.  2. He pulled ___________the gun and aimed at the enemy officer.  3. The film pulled ___________large audience when it was shown in the city.  考点12. judge v. 断定，判断，认为；评价；判决；n. 裁判员；法官 Using video technology to help judge our sporting competitions can make sure that no one cheats. 使用视频技术来帮助评判我们的体育比赛，可以确保没有人作弊。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) judge sb./sth. (by/from...) ____________________ (2) judge sb./sth. to be... ________________ judging from/by... __________________________ PS: judge放句首作状语时，永远用_________的形式。 (3) judgement n._______________ make a judgement about/on/of... ______________ in one's judgement _________________ 用适当的介词填空 1. ________ from your last letter, your parents are living a simple but happy life. 2. Upon finishing her song, she received a warm welcome from the live audience and high praise from the ________. 3. The first time you meet people, you often make a ________ about them based on the way they are dressed. 考点13. instant adj. 立即的，立刻的；迅速的，方便的；n. 瞬间，片刻 Best of all, instant replay facilities let us see all the action all over again. 最重要的是，即时回放功能可以让我们重新看到所有的动作。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) the instant (that)… ______________________ in an instant _____________ (2) instantly adv. _______________conj. _______________ PS: 表示一……就……的单词短语： ______________________________________________________________________________________ 用适当的介词填空 1. I met Mrs Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage­design team for a play. Almost ________ (instant) I loved her. 2. ________ instant little Tom lost sight of his mother，he broke down in tears. 考点14. engage v. 吸引住（注意力，兴趣）；（使）参加，（使）参与 The scene you set at the beginning of your writing – whether it is fiction or non-fiction – will engage your readers and help set the right atmosphere for the remainder of your writing. 你在写作开头设置的场景——无论是小说还是非小说——将吸引你的读者，并帮助为你接下来的写作设置合适的氛围。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) engage sb.’s interest/attention _________________ engage (oneself) in... _______________ (2) be engaged in... __________________ be engaged to sb. ________________ (2) engagement n.___________________ 用适当的介词填空 1. The surgeon is now ________ (engage) in operating on a patient who needs emergency surgery to remove a blood clot (凝块) from his brain. 2. In my spare time, I like to engage myself ________ some outdoor activities. 考点15. fight 争论，争吵；打架；斗争 This meant she could get up quickly and fight for her position in the race. 这意味着她可以迅速站起来，为自己在比赛中的地位而战。教材原句 拓展知识 fight back _______________ fight over _____________ fight for _________________ fight against ____________ fight one’s way _____________________ 完成句子 1. 当那两名男子还击时,年轻的袭击者们逃之夭夭。 The teenage attackers fled when the two men _____________________________.  2. 人们在反抗压迫和不公正。 People are _____________________________repression and injustice.  3. 士兵们知道他们是为国家的荣誉而战。 The soldiers knew that they were _____________________________the honour of their country. 考点16. keep sb. from (doing) sth. 阻止某人(做)某事 take part 参加，参与 But it didn’t keep her from taking part. 但这并没有阻止她参加。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) 阻止某人做某事： ______________ sb. (from) doing sth. 【from可以省略】 _________ sb. from doing sth. 【from不能省略】 (3) take part in=participate in=join sth. /in doing sth.　__________ take an active part in ______________ play a part in ____________________________ 完成句子 1. 你能不能不让你的狗到我的花园里来? Can’t you _____________________________into my garden?  2. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 No one can keep _____________________________carried out.  3. 老师们不但参加了聚会,而且还在聚会中唱了歌。 Not only did the teachers _____________________________the party, but they also sang at the party.  4. 他坚持让我们每个人都在旅途中发挥作用。 He insisted that every one of us _____________________________the journey.  5. 首先,你应该积极参与讨论。 First, you should _____________________________the discussion.  考点17. volunteer n. 志愿者；v. 自愿做…… I’ve just finished my first day volunteering at the Senior Citizens’ Sports Club! 我刚在老年人体育俱乐部完成了第一天的志愿工作!教材原句 拓展知识 (1) volunteer as ____________ volunteer (oneself) to do sth. ____________ (2) voluntary adj. _________________ 完成句子 1. 得知许多人需要医疗帮助,我决定做一名志愿者。 Knowing a lot of people needed medical help, I decided to _____________________________.  2. 他们主动提出为那个老妇人修缮房子。 They _____________________________repair the house for the old lady.  考点18. honour n. 尊敬；荣幸；荣誉；v. 表彰，给予荣誉 In this spirit, the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour remarkable sportspeople. 本着这种精神，劳伦斯世界体育奖是一个年度颁奖典礼，以表彰卓越的运动员。教材原句 拓展知识 in honour of ________________________ have the honour of doing/to do ________________ it is an honour to do sth. ________________ be/feel honoured to do sth. _______________ be honoured with... __________________ 完成句子 1. 最高的荣誉将属于任何为我们学校发展做出最大贡献的人。 ____________________will go to whoever has made the greatest contributions to the development of our school.  2. 能够担当这一角色,我感到非常荣幸。 I _____________________________have been able to take on this role.  考点19. burst onto 突然出现在…… In the 1980s, the team burst onto the international volleyball scene with several major world titles... 20世纪80年代,中国女排在国际排坛一举成名,获得了几次世界大赛冠军……教材原句 拓展知识 burst v. ____________ n. ____________ burst in/into _____________________ burst out crying/laughing = burst into tears/laughter _________________ burst with anger ______________ a burst of... ________________ 完成句子 1. 他没敲门就闯进房间,这使我非常生气。 He　_____________________________the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.  2. 当我见到他的穿着时我大笑起来。 I _____________________________when I saw what he was wearing.  3. 那个小女孩如此害怕以至于她哭了起来。 The little girl was so frightened that she _____________________________. 考点20. assign v. 分配，分派 In Rio, the Chinese women’s volleyball team needed all of its fighting spirit after it was assigned to the “group of death”... 在里约热内卢,中国女排被分配到“死亡之组”后,需要团队的所有战斗精神……教材原句 拓展知识 (1) assign sb. to do sth.　_________________ assign sb. to... _______________ assign sth. to sb. _____________________ (2) assignment n. ____________________ 完成句子 1. 学生在很小的时候就会记笔记,在电脑上完成任务,使用在线研究工具。 Students will take notes and do __________________on computers and use online research tools at a young age.  2. 老师给每个孩子分配了不同的任务。 The teacher _____________________________a different task _____________each of the children.  考点21. pay off 得到回报，取得成功；还清 Their perseverance paid off with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals. 她们的毅力得到了回报，在四分之一决赛中对阵上届冠军巴西时，她们史诗般地复出。教材原句 拓展知识 pay sb. for sth. ____________________ pay for sth. _______________________ pay back _____________________ pay sb. money for... __________________ 完成句子 1. 作为探险家,我多年的训练终于得到了回报! All my years of training as an explorer _____________________________!  2. 不管你觉得安排时间有多困难,从长远来看还是会带来好结果的。 However difficult you find it to arrange your time, it will _____________________________.  3. 他花20美元买了这件二手工具。 He _____________________________the second-hand tool.  考点22. contribute to为……做出贡献；有助于；导致；投稿 Strong team spirit also contributed greatly to their success. 强大的团队精神也为他们的成功做出了巨大贡献。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) contribute v. __________________ contribute sth to... _______________ (2) contribution n. _____________________ make a contribution/contributions to _______________ 单句语法填空 1. Reading may contribute to ________ (find) solutions to our own problems. 2. Immigrants coming into the United States have contributed many words ________ the language. 3. The Nobel Peace Prize is given to such people who have made great contributions to ________ (maintain) global peace and stability. 4. According to a study, the emergence(兴起) of these new professions contributes ________ the rapid development of high­tech industries, which have opened up new job markets. 考点23. reflect v. 显示；反映；反射；考虑，思考，反省 What kind of sporting spirit does each of the reading passages in this unit reflect? 本单元的每一个阅读段落都体现了什么样的体育精神?教材原句 拓展知识 (1) reflect on/upon ________________ be reflected in _____________ (2) reflection n. ____________________ on reflection __________________ 单句语法填空 1. I hope in years to come he will reflect ___________his decision.  2. At first I didn’t agree, but on ___________ (reflect) I realized she was right.  考点24. ...to be too short, too thin and too weak to follow in his father’s footsteps. ……太矮,太瘦,太弱,不能继承他父亲的事业。 “too + adj.+(for sb./sth.) to do sth.”句型拓展知识 该结构在大多数情况下表示否定意义___________________________，但在下列几种情况下，表示肯定意义： (1) too...to...这一结构前有never, not, no longer, but, only, all等词时，这一结构表达肯定意义。 (2) not 置于动词不定式前，成为too...not to do结构时，原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受到否定，变为肯定意义，意为“太……不会不”或“非常……必定能……”。 (3) too后为 anxious, eager, easy, glad, happy, pleased, excited, ready, satisfied, kind, willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等方面的形容词时，too相当于very much，表示肯定意义。 (4) 当不定式充当句子中的实际主语时，too...to...表示肯定含义。 翻译句子 1. I’ll be only too glad to join in your games. 2. They are all too satisfied to get the results. 3. You are too wise not to know that. 4. She is too eager to find a new job. 考点25. His creativity and perseverance made him Davidson's star player. 他的创造力和毅力使他成为戴维森的明星球员。 “make＋宾语＋宾补”结构拓展知识 make在此作使役动词，意为______________，其宾语通常是名词或代词，宾语补足语用形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词等。 (1) make＋名词/代词＋名词，表示“使某人/某物成为……” Most pop singers make music their career. 很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。 (2) make＋名词/代词＋形容词，表示“使……变得……”。 The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. 网络使我们的生活变得容易、方便。 (3) make＋名词/代词＋省略to的不定式，表示“使某人/某物做某事”。 PS：该结构用于被动语态时，被省略的不定式符号to要还原。 What he said made all of us laugh. → (被动语态) All of us were made to laugh by what he said. 他的话让我们都笑起来。 (4) make＋名词/代词＋过去分词，表示“使某人/某物被……”。构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 I'm not very good at German, but I can make myself understood. 我的德语不太好，但我能清楚地表达自己的意思。 单句语法填空 1. Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us ________ (examine) our behavior, and correct bad habits. 2. The joke the naughty boy played on the old man made many people ________ (anger)． 3. There were so many people in the hospital that I was made ________ (wait) four hours before I was examined by a doctor. 4. He made his plan ________ (know) to the whole class. 5. The thick smoke caused him to stumble (蹒跚而行) blindly around, burned his eyes, and made ________ impossible to breathe. 考点26. I know it inspires a lot of the next generation, a lot of people who love the game of basketball to value the skill of it, value the fact that you can work every single day to get better. 我知道它激励了很多下一代,很多热爱篮球运动的人珍视篮球运动的技巧,看重每天的努力都能让自己变得更好的事实。 同位语从句拓展知识 该句中that you can work every single day to get better引导同位语从句，解释名词the fact。 同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，它跟在某些名词之后，对这些名词的内容、含义做具体的解释说明，其中的引导词that为连词，在从句中虽不作任何成分，但不能省略，除that外，when, where, why, how, what, whether等都可以引导同位语从句。 单句语法填空 1. He got the news from Mary ___________the sports meeting had been put off.  2. There is much chance ___________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.  3. I have no idea ___________he will do with them all.  考点27. In 2003, Yao Ming became the first Chinese sportsperson to win the award... 2003年，姚明成为第一个获得该奖项的中国运动员…… 不定式作定语拓展知识 (1) 不定式作定语，常常表示将来的动作。 (2) 不定式作定语与其所修饰的词之间的关系主要有动宾关系、主谓关系和所属关系。 (3) 当中心词为序数词或者前面有序数词，the last, the next, the only等词修饰时，后面一般用动词不定式作定语。 (4) 不定式作定语，当被修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式通常用主动形式;若不定式是不及物动词，但与所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系，其后应加一个适当的介词;或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面也须有相应的介词。 (5) 有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语，常见的有:ability能力，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，chance机会，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的、意图，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，right权力，struggle斗争，tendency倾向，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。 单句语法填空 1. If there’s a lot of work ___________ (do), I am happy to keep on until it is finished.  2. He is always the last one ___________ (leave) the classroom.  3. We currently don’t have enough paper to write ___________.  4. He had nursed an ambition ___________ (lead) his own big orchestra. 考点28. Now talk about whether you have actively participated in the group discussion. 现在谈谈你是否积极参加了小组讨论。 whether/if引导的名词性从句拓展知识 (1) 两者引导宾语从句时基本可以替换。 Ask if/whether he will come to the meeting. 问问他是否要来参加会议。 (2) whether可以引导主语从句，而if不能。 Whether the news is true or not remains a question. 这消息是不是真的还是个问题。 (3) whether引导的名词性从句可作介词的宾语，而if不能。 It all depends on whether she likes the company or not. 一切都取决于她喜欢不喜欢这家公司。 (4) whether可引导表语从句，而if不能。 The question is whether the book is worth reading. 问题是这本书是否值得读。 (5) whether可引导同位语从句,而if不能。 The question whether he will go or not hasn’t been decided. 他是否去的问题尚未确定下来。 (6) 在not sure/certain后面引导从句时，只能用whether。 He isn’t sure whether he should attend the conference. 他不知道自己该不该参加这个大会。 单句语法填空 1. The question is ___________ we should tell her the bad news.  2. I wanted to know ___________ she could put me up for a few days.  3. ___________ the football game will be played depends on the weather.  4. We haven’t settled the question of ___________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. 考点29. Next, the Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches, having lost to them in the preliminaries. 接下来，中国队在半决赛中击败了荷兰队，(尽管之前)在预赛中输给了荷兰队。 动词-ing形式的完成式 (having done) 在句中作状语拓展知识 (1) 动词-ing形式的完成式表示先于谓语的动作:即当动词-ing形式所表示的动作先于谓语动作发生时，动词-ing形式就用完成式。 (2) 动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作，动词-ing形式所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔，而动词-ing形式的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔。 (3) 从句法上，动词-ing形式的完成式既不用作主语和宾语，也不用作定语，其主要作用是作状语。 Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。 Having written down our names and addresses, the policeman let us go. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。 单句语法填空 1. ___________________ (tell) many times, he finally understood it.  2. ___________________ (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.  3. ___________________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left his purse in the car.  外研版选择性必修一 Unit 4 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. inspire v. 鼓舞，激励 2. combine v. 结合，组合 3. expect v. 期望 4. imagine v. 想象 5. admire v. 钦佩，欣赏 6. float v. 飘，浮 7. compose v. 作曲 8. motion n. 动，运动 9. ethnic adj. 民族的 10. express v. 表达 11. represent v. 代表 12. sculpt v. 雕刻 13. mix v. 使混合，融合n. 混合 14. trend n. 趋势，动向 15. technician n.巧匠，技术人员 16. distinct adj. 清晰的，不同的 17. innovation n. 革新，创新 18. abstract adj.抽象的 19. contrast n.反差，对比 20. vary v. 变化，变更 21. access n. 通道，入口 22. limit n. 限制v. 限制，限定 23. create v. 创造 24. separate v. 分开，分离 adj. 分开的，单独的，不同的 25. recognise v. 承认，认出，辨认，认可 26. literal adj. 文字的 【重点短语】 1. turn to sb (for help) 向某人求助 2. set…in motion 使……开始 3. pass…down 把……传下来 4. be particularly interested in 尤其对…感兴趣 5. come to life 活跃起来，苏醒 6. be known for 因为 …而出名 7. so as to 为了 8. be recognised by 被…承认，认可 9. admire sb for sth 因为某事钦佩某人 10. be (feel) grateful to sb for sth 因为某事感激某人 11. bring out 展现，出现，出版 12. aim to do sth 旨在…… 13. express one's idea 表达某人的观点 14. be determined to do sth 决定去干某事 15. contrast……and/with 把 …和…….进行对比 16. light up 点燃，点亮，高兴起来 17. vary from…to… 从…….到…….变化 18. lead to (led led) 导致 19. rather than 而不是 20. as a result 因此，结果 21. take… for example 以……为例 22. be accessible to 易于为某人所接受/进入/得到 23. limited time 有限的时间 24. take in 参观，吸收，理解，欺骗，收留 25. thanks to 多亏了 26. interact with 与…….互动，交流 27. be familiar with (unfamiliar) 对……熟悉（不熟悉） 28. be distinct from sth 与……不同 有别于…… 的 知识点二 重点句式 1. You see also some fish sculpted on the wall. （过去分词作定语） (1)过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。它所修饰的名词、代词与之构成被动关系。 (2)单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词之后。 2. Since his first opera，Nine Songs，Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories. （现在完成进行时） (1)现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。 (2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。 (3)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。 3. The inspiration for her famous dances has come from the time she spent in Xishuangbanna，Yunnan Province.（she spent in Xishuangbanna是定语从句修饰先行词the time，省略了关系代词that。） 4. These sights set Hofman's idea for Floating Fish in motion.（set...in motion 使……开始；让……动起来） 5. As Tan once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.（so as to以便；为了） (1)in order to和so as to跟动词原形，此时不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。一般情况下，so as to结构不放在句首。 (2)so that和in order that常与情态动词can，could，may，might，will，would连用，引导目的状语从句。so that和in order that引导目的状语从句时，如果主句主语与从句主语一致，也可以换成so as to do/in order to do或to do。so that 还可引导结果状语从句，写法上可以是so...that...，表示“如此……以致……”。 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. influence n. 影响，作用；v. 影响，对……起作用 Here we find out more about the influences behind the successes of three very different artists. 在这里，我们将进一步了解三位不同艺术家成功背后的影响。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) have an influence/effect/impact on/upon _____________ exert an influence on _____________ under the influence of ______________ (2) influential adj. _________________ 单句语法填空 3) A good teacher has a great influence _____________his students.  4) He was one of the most _____________ (influence) performers of modern jazz.  5) The very earliest sculptures were made _____________the influence of Greek art.  考点2. pass down 使世代相传，流传 Hofman’s inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through the generations. 霍夫曼对《浮鱼》的灵感来源于世代相传的中国民间故事。教材原句 拓展知识 pass out ______________ pass away _________________ pass through _____________ pass by ___________________ pass on to ________________ 单句语法填空 1. I don’t think these words worth passing _____________to beginners.  2. He carefully figured out what time the first train would pass _____________.  3. You must pass _____________a series of stages and contend with various obstacles and delights.  4. Some ancient civilizations have passed _____________. 考点3. interested adj. 感兴趣的；关心的 He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”. 他对一条鱼跳过“龙门”的古老故事特别感兴趣。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) interesting adj. __________ (2) interest n. ________________vt. ______________ take an interest in _________________ be of no interest ____________ in the interest(s) of ________________ a place of interest ___________ with interest _____________________ out of interest ______________ 单句语法填空 1. He always tries to make them _____________ (interest) in his lectures.  2. What _____________ (interest) me is all the history of these places.  3. Babies soon begin to take an interest _____________the world around them.  4. The small town has become a place _____________interest for Chinese people.  考点4. come to life 活跃起来，苏醒过来 This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there. 教材原句 当霍夫曼在乌镇看到人们是如何在那里生活的时候，这个故事就鲜活了起来。 拓展知识 come to oneself ________________ come back to life ___________ when it comes to... ______________ bring sth (back) to life ______________ live/lead a...life ________________ 完成句子 1. 然而，这些雇员大多数没有发言权，特别是当涉及自己的安全时。 Yet the majority of these employees have no voice, especially _______________________their own safety.  2. 鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。 Flowers can _______________________a dull room _______________________.  考点5. various adj. 不同的，各种各样的 It gave me a chance to go deeper into the lives of various ethnic groups... 它给了我一个深入了解各个民族生活的机会……教材原句 拓展知识 (1) a variety of / varieties of ___________ (2) varied adj. _________________ (3) variety n. __________________ (4) vary v. ________________ vary from...to... ____________________________________ 完成句子 1. We may have ____________(vary) ways to deal with such a situation.  2. One of the advantages is that we can find a _________ (vary) of topics, such as science, culture and history.  3. The importance of being an Olympian will vary from athlete ____________athlete. 考点6. belief n. 相信，信任 考点7. bring out 展现；出版；生产 My dance comes from their traditional belief and aims to bring out the Dai women’s beauty. 教材原句 我的舞蹈来源于他们的传统信仰,旨在展现傣族妇女的美丽。 拓展知识 (1) beyond belief __________________ have belief in... ____________________ have/hold (a/the) …belief that... _______________________________________________ (2) bring back ______________ bring on _______________ bring in _______________ bring about _________________ bring down ________________ bring up __________________ 完成句子 / 单句语法填空 1. 这家公司正在生产一种新跑车。 The company is _______________________a new sports car.  2. 几乎每天都有新型个人电脑推出。 New personal computers _______________________almost daily.  3. 你可以在委员会中提出这些问题。 You can _______________________these problems in committee.  4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 5. I have belief ________ the power of communication, which can clear up (消除) misunderstandings. 6. The city has changed a lot in such a short time. It is ________________ (令人难以置信的)． 考点8. so as to... 目的是，为了…… 考点9. recognise vt. 认出；意识到；认可；赞赏 As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world. 正如谭先生所说，中国音乐应该承载人类精神的“普世表达”，这样才能得到全世界的认可。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) so as to do sth. / in order to do sth. ___________________ so that / in order that ______________ PS: so as to引出的目的状语不可位于______，而in order to引出的目的状语既可位于______，也可位于____。 (2) be recognised to be/as... ___________ It is recognised that... ______________ recognition n. ______________ beyond recognition _______________ 完成句子 / 单句语法填空 1. However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear _________________ (为了阻止) its presence. 2. Pronunciation is as important as definition because ________________ (为了) add a word to your vocabulary, you must be able to use it in speech. 3. He created electronic tools ________________ (为了) people could use computers as musical instruments. 4. China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs. 5. When a dark­colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it ________ sweeter and more tasty. 6. In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a ________ (recognize) of the importance of other people. 考点10. determined adj. 下定决心的，坚定的 I was determined to see the painting, which is often called the “Mona Lisa of the North”. 我决心去看这幅画,它常被称为“北方的蒙娜·丽莎”。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be determined to do sth. _____________ (2) determine v. _____________ determine on/upon (doing) sth. _______________ determine to do sth. ________________ (3) determination n. ____________ 完成句子 1. 他坚定的表情表达了他的想法：所有的伤员应该立即从现场转移到医院。 His ________________ conveyed his meaning that all the injured should be conveyed from the spot to the hospital at once.  2. 他们的技艺令我惊叹，我决心学习剪纸。 Amazed at how skillful they were, I was ________________ paper-cutting.  考点11. despite prep. 不管，尽管，即使 Indeed the exhibition is worth visiting, despite the over-priced tickets. 尽管门票价格过高,但展览确实值得参观。教材原句 拓展知识 in spite of _________________ despite/in spite of the fact that=although/though ____________ 完成句子 1. 尽管她认为物理枯燥无味,但她却学得很好。 She was good at physics _____________________ she found it boring.  2. 尽管卡尔年纪渐长,但他还是跑得很快。 _________________________ Carl is getting old, he can still run very fast.  考点12. check out 检查，核实；结账后离开 Check out the ground-breaking installations. 看看这些具有开拓性的艺术装置吧。教材原句 拓展知识 check n. ____________v. _____________ check on ____________ check in _____________________ 完成句子 1. 把清单上的东西都准备好后,我们开始把食物从车上卸下来,到柜台结账。 After gathering everything on our list, we started unloading the food to __________________at the counter.  2. 斯蒂芬夜里起来看了她好几遍。 Stephen __________________her several times during the night.  3. 我们已经在旅馆登记入住。 We have __________________at the hotel.  考点13. contrast n./v. 对比，对照 create a strong contrast 形成强烈对比教材原句 拓展知识 be a contrast to ______________ by contrast __________ in contrast to _________________________________ 考点14. light up (使)光亮，照亮；喜形于色，喜气洋洋 The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. 美国艺术家珍妮特·埃切尔曼的艺术作品在夜晚被点亮时,看起来就像五颜六色的浮云。教材原句 拓展知识 come to light ______________ bring sth. to light ____________ cast/throw light on ___________________ 考点15. rather than 而不是 Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather than “technicians”. 然而，米开朗琪罗和其他人被称为“艺术家”，而不是“巧匠”。教材原句 拓展知识 other than ___________________ or rather ________________ 宁愿做……而不愿做……： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点16. lead to 导致,引起 Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. 教材原句 然而，今天，技术的进步致使艺术和技术结合。 拓展知识 lead to = result in = contribute to = bring about __________ lead to some place _____________ lead to one’s/sb. doing sth. ___________ lead sb. to sth. _______________________ lead sb. to do sth. ________________________ lead/live a...life _________________ lead the way _______________ 考点17. accessible adj. 可到达的，可接近的 Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. 现在我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be accessible to... _____________________________ (2) access n. _______________ have (no) access to __________________ give access to ___________________ 考点18. take in 观看，欣赏；欺骗；理解；吸收 Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. 一旦到了这幅画前,他们只有有限的时间来欣赏汴京的汴河沿岸五米长的景色。教材原句 拓展知识 take away __________________ take back _______________ take down ______________ take off __________________ take on ______________ take out ______________________ take over _____________ take up _______________________ 考点19. advance n. 前进；进步；v. 前进；提前，预先；发展；提出 These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art. 这些进步可能使我们更接近一个时代，在那个时代，创造艺术的是电脑，而不是人类。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) advance on/upon/towards ______________ in advance __________________ in advance of 在……前面；超过…… make advances in 在……方面取得进步 (2) advanced adj. 高等的；先进的 考点20. request n./v. 请求，要求 Woods High School requests the honour of your presence at the opening of Tech Art Festival on the twelfth of November. 伍兹高中谨请阁下出席11月12日的科技艺术节开幕式。教材原句 拓展知识 1. make (a) request for sth/that... 请求……，要求…… 2. at sb’s request/at the request of sb. 应某人之要求 3. request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 4. request that...(should) do sth. 请求…… 5. It is requested that...(should) do... 据要求…… 考点21. Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea. 每位艺术家的愿望都是创造出表达思想的作品。 定语从句的关系代词必须用that，不用which的情况拓展知识 (1) 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, none等不定代词时； (2) 先行词被all, any, no, little, few, the very, the only, the same, the last等限定词修饰时； (3) 先行词为形容词的最高级、序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时； (4) 先行词有两个或两个以上，分别表示人和物时； (5) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时； (6) 先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词本身也在从句中作表语时； (7) 主句以here，there开头，先行词指物时。 考点22. It wasn’t until we went on a trip to The Hague last year that this dream came true! 直到去年我们去海牙旅行，这个梦想才实现! not…until…句式拓展知识 (1) 倒装句结构：Not until+状语(副词、介词短语、从句)+部分倒装; Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。 (2) 强调句结构：It was + not until... + that... It was not until his father returned from the work that the boy began to do his homework. 直到他爸爸下班回家，这个男孩子才开始做作业。 考点23. Her eyes are wide and her mouth is parted, just as if she were about to speak. 她睁大了眼睛，张大了嘴，好像要说话似的。 as if 仿佛，好像拓展知识 (1) as if/though后面可接从句、形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词不定式。 He opened his lips as if to say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 (2) as if/though引导的从句若与事实相反，应用虚拟语气：如果从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词(几乎)同时发生，从句用一般过去时；如果从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生,从句用过去完成时。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. 她英语讲得很流利,就好像在美国学过英语一样。(事实上没有去过美国) (3) as if/though引导的方式状语从句可以用省略结构。 She stood at the gate as though (she was) waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等什么人。 Unit 5　 Revealing nature 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 1. distant adj. 遥远的 → distance n. 距离 2. evolve v. 进化 → evolution n. 进化(论) 3. generate v. 产生，创造 → generation 一代(人);产生，发生 → generator n. 发电机；生产者 4. suspect v. 猜想，怀疑；n.嫌疑犯 → suspected adj. 有嫌疑的 5. detect v. 察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) → detection n.发现,觉察 → detective n. 侦探→ detector n. 检测器；发现者 6. character n. 特性；性格；人物；字体→ characteristic n. 特征，特性 【重点短语】 1. answer the call 响应号召 2. what’s more 更重要的是，而且 3. be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 4. lead to 导致，造成 5. of all time 有史以来 6. in question 正被讨论的，谈论中的 7. be fascinated by 被……迷住 8. give sb.the chance to do sth. 给某人做某事的机会 9. be crowded with 挤满，充满 10. come to exist 开始存在 11. at the same time 同时 12. be similar to 与……相似 13. adapt to 适应 14. a variety of 各种各样的 15. according to 按照，根据 16. over time 渐渐地，慢慢地 17. the answer to ……的答案 18. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 19. living things 生物 20. be regarded as 被认为是…… 21. begin with = start with 以……开始，从……开始 22. communicate with sb. 与某人交流 23. after all 终究，还是；毕竟，别忘了 24. get attacked 被攻击/袭击 25. tiny amounts of 微量的 26. drive...away 赶走…… 27. link...to/ with... 把……和……连接/联系起来 28. in some ways 在某些方面 29. steal...from... 从…… 偷 …… 知识点二 重点句式 1. Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. 达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 2. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 3. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. 《物种起源》直到1859年才出版，并立即引起轰动。 4. Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. 如今,《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。 知识点三 重点知识 考点. date back to 起源于，追溯到 The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago. 已发现的最古老的现代鸭嘴兽的化石可以追溯到大约10万年前。教材原句 拓展知识 date back to = __________，常用_____________，一般不用于______。作后置定语时，常用___________形式 考点. exist vi. 存在；生存；生活 come to exist 开始形成，出现 As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist? 当他研究这些时，他问自己一个问题：不同的物种是如何形成的？教材原句 拓展知识 exist on _________________ existence n. ______________ bring/call into existence _____________ come into existence ____________________ in existence ________________ put out of existence ____________________ 考点. adapt v. 适应；改编 adapt (oneself) to (使……)适应于…… Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? 也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境时进化了?教材原句 拓展知识 adapt sth. from _________________ adapt...for... _____________ adaptable adj. __________________ adaptation n. __________________ 考点. suspect v. 猜想；怀疑；n. 嫌疑犯；adj. 可疑的，不可信的 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的,这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿上。教材原句 拓展知识 suspect sb. to be _______________ suspect sb. of (doing) sth. ________________ suspicious adj. ________________ be suspicious of ______________ suspiciously adv. _______________ 考点. convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服,以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) convince vt. ______________ (2) convince sb of sth. ______________ convince sb to do sth. ______________ (2) convinced adj. ________________ be convinced of _______________ be convinced that... ______________ 考点. be regarded as 被看作 Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. 今天,《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一。教材原句 拓展知识 regard v. ____________________ n.______________________ regard...as ______________ in/with regard to=regarding _____________ in this/that regard ___________________ give sb my regards _______________________ regardless of ______________________ 考点. characteristic n. 特征,特性；adj. 典型的;特有的;表示特性的 Gregor Mendal chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. 格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。教材原句 拓展知识 characteristically adv. ______________ character n. ______________________ 考点. blame v. 把……归咎于,责怪；n. 责备,责怪 The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔岛龟的灭绝被归咎于人类。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be to blame for　_______________ blame sb for sth. ________________ (2) blame sth. on sb. __________________ take the blame for __________________ (2) blameless adj. __________________ 考点. decline v. 减少;衰落,衰败;婉言谢绝,拒绝；n. 减少;下降;衰落 After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined. 特别是山羊被带到岛上之后,平塔岛龟的数量下降了。教材原句 拓展知识 in decline ____________ on the decline _________________ fall into decline ______________ decline to do sth. _____________ decline from...to... ___________________ 考点. survive vt. 幸存;艰难度过；vi. 幸存,活下来 This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 ℃ to a below freezing -272 ℃. 这种微小的生物可以在150 ℃到零下272 ℃的温度下生存。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) survive sth. _________________ survive on sth. _______________ survive sb. by... _________________ (2) survivor n. __________________ (3) survival n. __________________ 考点. as well as 和,也,以及 Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. 许多文化中都有会说话的树的故事,它给人们提供建议和警告。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) besides/in addition to____________ (2) as well as可以用于同级比较,意为“_____________”。 (3) as well as作介词相当于besides,意思为“除……之外,还有”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式,尤其是位于句首时。 (4) as well是副词短语,其意思为“_____”,相当于too,它一般放在_________,有时和连词and或but搭配使用。 (5) as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子的谓语动词应与__________________________保持一致。 He as well as his classmates is going shopping this Sunday. 考点. amounts of + 不可数名词 大量的 The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. 这种植物从被吃掉的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质。教材原句 拓展知识 the amount of...___________________ a large/great amount of+n.[U] ______________(作主语时,谓语用_____数) large amounts of+n.[U] ___________(作主语时,谓语用____数) in amount (=in all) ____________ large/small amount____________ amount to_____________(amount为动词) 考点. drive away 使离去,赶走;驱车离开 Some of these chemicals drive insects away. 其中一些化学物质能驱走昆虫。教材原句 拓展知识 drive up ________________ drive into _____________ drive back ______________ drive off _____________ drive sb. crazy/mad ______________ drive sb. to do sth. _____________ 考点. link v. 把……联系起来;连接；n. 联系;连接 Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. 最令人惊讶的是,植物有一个惊人的交流系统,可以把森林里几乎所有的植物联系起来。教材原句 拓展知识 be linked to/with __________________ link A with/to B _______________ link up (with) sb./sth. ________________ 考点. similar adj. 相似的,类似的 It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. 它在某些方面类似于我们使用的互联网。教材原句 拓展知识 be similar to _____________ be similar in _____________ similarly adv. ______________ similarity n. _______________ 考点. benefit n. 益处,实惠,好处；v. 得益;获利;有益于 What do you think are the benefits of studying plant communication?(教材P58)你认为学习植物交流有什么好处?教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be of benefit to ____________ for the benefit of _____________ (2) to one’s benefit ____________ benefit from _____________ (2) beneficial adj. ______________ be beneficial to ______________ 考点. ...but it was the birds that interested him the most. ……但使他最感兴趣的是那些鸟。 强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分拓展知识 (1) 被强调的部分通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语;被强调部分如果是人,用that和who都可以,如果强调的是人以外的其他成分,则只能用that。 (2) 如果强调not...until...句型中until引导的时间状语,not要放到until前面。 (3) 强调句型的一般疑问句是把is或was提前;其特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+be+it+that/who+其余部分。 (4) 强调句型的辨别方式为:把it is/was及that去掉,依然是一个完整的句子;否则,就不是强调句型。 考点. How do you think the human species will evolve in the future? 你认为人类物种将来会如何进化? do you think作插入语拓展知识 (1)作主语的疑问词+do you think/suppose/believe/imagine/say/suggest+谓语+其他。 (2)非主语的疑问词+do you think/suppose/believe/imagine/say/suggest+主语+谓语+其他。 (3)该句型不受do you think的影响,始终用陈述句语序。 (4)如果插入语是do you suggest时,句子的谓语要用(should+) do。 (5)不能用yes或no来回答这样的特殊疑问句,应用完整的句子来回答。 考点. Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. 格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。 主语+be+adj.+动词不定式拓展知识 (1) 用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词,如hard, difficult, pleasant, easy, comfortable, interesting等。 (2) 动词不定式和句子主语在逻辑上为动宾关系,但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义;当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要加上适当的介词。 (3) 不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并由for引出。 Unit 6　 Nurturing nature 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 1. steady adj.稳定的 → steadily adv.平稳地 2. economy n.经济→ economic adj.经济（上）的;经济学的→ economical adj. 实惠的 3. disturb v.干扰，扰乱 → disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的 → disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 4. operate vi.工作;运转&vt.操作→operator n.经营者;操作员→ operation n.手术;运转 5. conserve vt.保存 → conservation n.保存;保护 → conservationist n. （动植物或古旧建筑的）保护工作者；环境保护主义者 6. apply v.申请 → applicant n.申请人 → application n.申请 7. prefer v.较喜欢 → preference n.爱好；偏爱；优先（权） 8. qualify v.(使)具有资格；证明合格→ qualified adj.有资格的；合格的 → qualification n.技能条件；资格 9. favour n. 支持，赞同 → favourable adj. 有利的；顺利的；赞成的 10. emit v. 排放，散发；发出 → emission n. 散发物 , 排放物 【重点短语】 1. be about to do sth. 即将做某事 ※be about to do sth.when... 即将做某事，这时…… 2. overcome the challenge 克服挑战 3. among the top concerns 最受关注的问题之一 4. catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意力 5. at one’s leisure 空闲时 6. with a total length of 总长…… 7. fly by (时间)飞逝 8. make sure 确保 9. feel a sense of pride and achievement 感到一种自豪感和成就感 10. protect... from... 保护……免受…… 11. reach out 伸手 12. bring... to life 使……更有趣，使……更生动 13. thousands and thousands of 千千万万的 14. thanks to 多亏，由于 15. include doing sth. 包括做某事 16. find out 查明，弄清 17. outer space 外太空 18. under threat from 受到……的威胁 19. offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 20. in addition to 除……之外（还） 21. in favour of 支持，赞同 22. be advertised as... 被宣传为…… 23. not... but... 不是……而是…… 24. become aware of 意识到…… 知识点二 重点句式 1. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. 看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有的则停下来悠闲地吃草。 2. Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. 靠坐在座位上，我不敢相信我即将沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能的”这条铁路旅行。 3. Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.　 在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，在草地上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. wind v. 蜿蜒；缠绕；上发条；使喘不过气来；n. 风；弯曲 The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”. 当我穿越“世界屋脊”时，“铁路如巨龙蜿蜒于山间”这句话显得格外生动。教材原句 拓展知识 wind up ________________________________________________________ wind sth. into a ball __________________ wind one’s way _____________ wind down ____________________________________________________ 考点2. protect v. 保护 How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.教材原句 拓展知识 (1) protection n. ______________ protective adj. _______________ protect...from/against... __________________ under the protection of ________________ (2) 辨析：defend/guard/protect defend指“__________”,可指战争时候的防御阵地,也可指在体育比赛中的防守 guard指“_____________”,通常侧重指警惕性非常高的防卫或戒备潜在的危险 protect指“__________________”,强调“保护”作用 考点3. located adj. 坐落在，位于 Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. 这是世界上海拔最高的火车站,海拔5 000多米。教材原句 拓展知识 be located at _______________ locate v. ________________ location n. _____________ on location _____________ locational adj. _______________ 考点4. present v. 呈现；赠送；n. 现在，目前；礼物；adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. 在这样的地方,稀薄的空气、多变的天气和高强度的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。教材原句 拓展知识 at the present time = at present = now ___________ be present at __________ present sth. to sb. = present sb. with sth. _________________________ present sb. to sb. ________________________ 考点5. reach out 伸出 Guona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. 国纳湖离铁路那么近,近得让我想伸手去摸一下它淡蓝色的镜子般的湖面。教材原句 拓展知识 reach out to ______________________ reach out for ___________________ reach for _________________ 考点6. involve v. 包括，包含；牵涉，卷入；影响；需要 It encourages people to be responsible travelers and involves educating them about the natural world. 它鼓励人们成为负责任的旅行者,包括教育他们了解自然世界。教材原句 拓展知识 be involved in ____________________ be/get involved with _____________ involve sb./sth. in (doing) sth. ___________________ 考点7. be concerned about/for 担心;关心;挂念 As tourism develops, people are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment. 随着旅游业的发展,人们越来越关注环境。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) concern n. __________；vt. _______________________ show/express (great) concern about...　_________________ concern oneself with/in/about sth __________________ (3) concerned adj. ________________ as far as...be concerned _____________ be concerned with ________________ (3) concerning prep. ________________ 考点8. lay v. 产卵;搁放;放置;铺放;涂,敷 ...in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach. ……特别是那些在白沙滩上产卵的海龟。教材原句 拓展知识 put/lay the blame (for sth.) on sb. ____________________ lay out ______________________ lay aside ______________ lay off_____________________ lay up ______________ lay down __________________ 考点9. admit v. 承认;允许……进入;接纳;招收 But they also admit that building the hotel will provide more jobs for people living in the area. 但他们也承认,建造这家酒店将为居住在这一地区的人们提供更多的工作。教材原句 拓展知识 admit (to) sth./doing sth. __________________ admit + that从句 ________________ admit...to be... __________________ admit sb. to/into sth. _________________ be admitted to/into... _________________ admission n. __________________ 考点10. accommodation n. 住处,住宿,膳宿,处所;和解,调和 The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided. 工作时间灵活,提供住宿。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) accommodation作“住宿,膳宿”讲时,常用___________形式。 (2) make accommodations for ________________ (3) accommodate vt. _________________________________ accommodate oneself to... _________________ accommodate...with... ______________________ 考点11. in addition to 除……之外,还…… 考点12. in favour of 赞同,支持;有利于 In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence. 除了写博客、拍照和写有关珊瑚礁的文章外,他还多次在电视上露面,为珊瑚礁进行辩护。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) in addition另外;而且(= ___________= ____________= ____________= _______________) in addition to/besides _________________ except/except for/except that ___________________ apart from ______________ (2) in place of __________ in need of ____________ in praise of ____________ in face of __________ in charge of ___________ in search of ___________ in honour of ___________ in memory of ______________ 考点13. become aware of 意识到,察觉到 The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area. 最重要的是,全世界的人们都意识到了这个地区的海洋之美。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) get/be aware of _______________ make sb. aware of ________________ be aware that/wh-clause ______________ (2) awareness n. ________ raise awareness of ___________ 考点14. Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. 坐在座位上,我不敢相信我即将沿着曾被许多外国专家称作是“不可能(建成)的”铁路旅行。 动词-ing形式作状语拓展知识 (1)动词-ing形式作状语时,可根据其意义在其前面加上相应的连词when/while/though/if/once/even if/as long as/unless/until/since等,表示更加明确的含义。 (2)在绝大多数情况下,动词-ing形式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 (3)有少数动词-ing形式(短语)并不表示句子主语的动作,而是表示说话人的态度,被称为分词的独立成分。常用的这类独立成分有:generally speaking; according to; judging from/by; considering; frankly speaking; taking...into consideration; seeing; supposing; providing that; assuming that。 考点15. A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. 一群藏羚羊在桥下活动,有些在闲暇时停下来吃草。 with的复合结构的常见形式拓展知识 with+名词 (代词)+_____________ with+名词 (代词)+______________ with+名词 (代词)+_____________ with+名词 (代词)+______________ with+名词 (代词)+_____________ with+名词 (代词)+______________ 考点16. Even though the owner of the company guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful surroundings, the local people are still concerned that the hotel may use up natural resources. 尽管该公司的老板保证设计与优美的环境相协调,但当地人仍然担心该酒店可能会耗尽自然资源。 even though = even if 即使,纵然;尽管,虽然拓展知识 even now/then_______________ even so_________________ 连接让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, while, whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, whether...or...等。 $$ 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 1　 Laugh out Loud! 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. mood n. 心情 2. circus n. 马戏团 3. amusement n. 娱乐，消遣 4. curly adj. 卷曲的 5. wig n. 假发 6. badge n. 徽章 7. ankle n. 脚踝 8. clown n. 小丑 9. entertain v. 使快乐 10. examine v. 检查(身体) 11. advertisement n. 广告 12. employer n. 雇用者，雇主 13. deserve v. 应得，应受到 14. apologise v.道歉 15. complain v.抱怨 16. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，戏剧的 17. private adj. 私人的，个人的 18. approach v. 靠近，接近n.方法 19. previous adj. 先前的，以前的 20. sensitive adj. 敏感的，易受伤的 21. update v. 更新，使升级 22. patient n. 病人adj.耐心的 23. patience n.耐心 24. anxious adj. 焦虑的 25. replace v. 取代，替代 26. contain v. 包含，包括 27. conclude v. 结束 28. comment n.评论，意见 29. facial adj. 面部的 30. circle n.圆 v.环行，盘旋 31. scene n. 场景 32. fame n. 名声，名誉 33. motive adj. 使情绪激动的 34. remark n. 言论， 意见，评论 35. interaction n. 交流 36. brand n. 牌子， 品牌 37. concept n. 概念， 观念 38. cruel adj.残忍的 39. whisper v. 悄声说，低语 【重点短语】 1. refer to 指的是，参考 2. make sense 有意义，讲得通 3. come true (梦想)实现 4. even so 即使这样 5. laughing stock 笑料 6. crack a smile 笑了起来 7. grin from ear to ear 咧着嘴笑 8. laugh one's head off 大笑不止 9. on earth 到底，究竟 10. get it 知道，明白，做到 11. get lost in... 迷失在…… 12. look through 浏览 13. be designed for... 为……而设计的 14. cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来 15. do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果 16. more often than not 通常，多半 17. in turn 反过来，转而 18. take off 脱下，摘下 19. after all 毕竟，终究 20. think on one's feet 思维敏捷，反应迅速 21. tell off 斥责，责骂 22. concentrate on 集中注意力于…… 23. in need of 需要 24. throw light on 使……容易理解 25. roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 26. amusement park 游乐场 27. sense of humour幽默感 28. look through 浏览 29. fall off 从.....上摔下来 30. in pain 痛苦地 31. in particular 尤其，特别 32. regard…as…将…视为 知识点二 重点句式 1. 倍数表达法 In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. (1) 倍数the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/...＋of... (2) 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as... (3) 倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than... (4) 倍数＋what从句 (5) 对于这几种倍数表达法，我们需要注意倍数的位置；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。表示两倍时，我们常用twice或double；三倍及三倍以上常用“基数词＋times”表示。 2. 强调谓语动词 And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick. (1) did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。 (2) do表示强调时，时态与句子的时态一致。 3. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. (looking through old magazines在句中作伴随状语；all of which have been read hundreds of times previously是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词old magazines) 4. Although she is clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile，and then by loud laughter as I "magically" produce her sock from out of my pocket. (Although she is clearly still in some pain是although引导的让步状语从句；as I "magically" produce her sock from out of my pocket是as引导的时间状语从句；其余部分是主句) 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. mood n．心情，情绪；气氛，氛围 Lift the mood with a joke and explore the area. 用一个玩笑提升情绪，并探索这个地区。教材原句 拓展知识 moody adj. 情绪多变的；喜怒无常的；郁郁寡欢的 in a good/bad/low/high mood 情绪好/不好/低落/高昂 be/feel in the/no mood for doing sth./to do sth. 对（做）某事（没）有心情 单句语法填空 1. Tom was regretful to have forgotten to bring along candles and had to wait in a ________ mood. 2. She was very tired and in ________ mood for dancing. 【答案】1. low 2. no 考点2. complain v．抱怨，埋怨；投诉 Show everyone you are worried and complain. 向每个人显示你的担忧和抱怨。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) complain (to sb.) about/of (doing) sth. (向某人)抱怨(做)某事 complain that... 抱怨…… (2) complaint n. 抱怨; 投诉 make/have a complaint against/about... 对……投诉 单句语法填空 1. She is always _____________( complain) of her toothache to the doctor. 2. He was overworked but never uttered a word of _____________( complain). 【答案】1. complaining 2.complaint 考点3. amusement n．消遣，娱乐，乐趣 an amusement park 一个游乐场教材原句 拓展知识 (1) with/in amusement愉快地 to one's amusement 使某人感到好笑的是 (2) amuse vt. 逗笑，逗乐；(提供)消遣，(使)娱乐 amuse sb. /oneself 逗某人笑/自娱自乐 (3) amused adj. 逗乐的，觉得好笑的(多用来形容人) be amused at/by... 被……逗乐，觉得……好笑 (4) amusing adj. 有乐趣的，好笑的，逗人笑的(多用来形容事物) 单句语法填空 1. To my (amuse), he couldn’t get the window open. 2. Yesterday, we went to an ________ park where we were ________ by ________ performances. (amuse) 【答案】1. amusement 2. amusement; amused; amusing 考点4. approach v. 走进，临近，接近；处理；n. 方法，方式；接近；路径 As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat, I look just like any other doctor. 当我穿着白大褂走近医院时，我看起来就像其他医生一样。教材原句 拓展知识 approach sb/sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物 (an) approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径 make an approach to 与……进行探讨；接洽 完成句子 1. 随着冬天的临近,花已经凋谢了。With the winter _______________, the flowers have faded.  2. 他处理这个问题的方法是错误的。His ______________________________________are wrong.  【答案】1. approaching 2. approaches to (solving) the problem 考点5. entertain v. 使快乐；招待，款待 Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them. 作为一名小丑医生意味着我可以通过使人们快乐来帮助他们教材原句 拓展知识 (1) entertain sb. with sth. 用某物使某人快乐 (2) entertaining adj. 使人愉快的，有趣的 (3) entertainment n. 娱乐；招待，款待 单句语法填空 1. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to ___________(entertain) guests. 2. Oxford has a lot to offer visitors in the way of ___________(entertain). 3. To earn more money, the activity needs to be more ___________(entertain). 【答案】1. entertain 2. entertainment 3.entertaining 考点6. put on 穿上，带上；上演；增加 That is until I put on my curly rainbow wig, big red nose, and add my name badge “Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”. 直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假发、大红鼻子，并加上我的名字徽章“大笑医生拉里”。教材原句 拓展知识 put aside 搁置一边；储存 put away 放好，收起来 put forward 提出 put off 推迟，延期 put out 熄灭，扑灭 put up with 忍受，容忍 put up 举起；张贴；建造；留宿；提供；提出；提高 单句语法填空 1. He put ________several interesting plans.  2. The headmaster put ________the exam results.  3. The manager had to put ________several meetings because of the big fire.  【答案】1. forward 2. up 3. off 考点7. cheer up (使)高兴起来；(使)振作起来 On a typical day, we spend our time cheering up patients, their families, and more often than not, the hospital staff, too! 平常，我们花时间鼓舞病人、他们的家人，更多的时候，也鼓舞医院的工作人员!教材原句 拓展知识 (1) cheer v. 为……欢呼，喝彩；n. 欢呼，喝彩 (2) cheerful adj. 高兴的，快乐的，使人快乐的 (3) cheer sb on (比赛中)为某人喝彩;为某人加油 cheer for 为……欢呼，加油 Cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯! 用适当的介词填空 1. I do hope she can cheer _______and accept the challenge of life bravely. Let’s go to the football game and cheer _______our favourite team.  【答案】1.up 2. on/for 考点8. concentrate on 集中精力于，全神贯注于 While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick. 当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时,我用一个魔术来吸引她的注意力。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事 (2)与concentrate on意思相近的短语有： focus on、concentrate one’s mind/one’s attention/oneself on、fix/focus one’s mind/attention on/upon... (3) concentration n. 集中，专心，注意力 单句语法填空 1. Concentrating (concentrate) on her homework, she didn't notice her teacher coming in. 2. Speaking on the phone requires concentration (concentrate) and may takes a driver’s attention from the road. 考点9. examine v. 检查（身体） While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick. 当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时,我用一个魔术来吸引她的注意力。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) examination n. (=exam) 考试；检查，检验 (2) examiner n. 主考人，审查员 (3) examinee n. 应试者，接受检查者 单句语法填空 1. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and ____________(examine) more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. 2. A specialist should carry out an ____________(examine) of the patient. 【答案】1. examining 2. examination 考点10. in turn 反过来；依次，轮流 Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara’s parents more relaxed. 看到他们的女儿如此快乐，这反过来让劳拉的父母也跟着变得更加放松了。教材原句 拓展知识 轮流，依次：（动词短语）take turns = （介词短语）by turns = （介词短语）in turn 同义词辨析填空 The two sisters took care of their sick mother __________. = The two sisters ______________ to take care of their sick mother 【答案】1. by turns/in turn 2. took turns 考点11. make sense 有道理，讲得通，有意义 If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense? 如果你去掉从句，这些句子还有意义吗?教材原句 拓展知识 make no sense 无意义，没有意义 make sense of 弄懂，理解 a sense of humour/security/direction/fear 幽默感/安全感/方向感/恐惧感 用适当的介词填空 This will help you make sense ________everything you feel you need to do. 【答案】of 考点12. annoying adj. 令人恼怒的；使人烦恼的 Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking, which he finds annoying at this time of night. 华生不太明白他的意思,他认为福尔摩斯是在开玩笑,他觉得晚上的这个时间(开玩笑)很烦人。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气 (2) annoyed adj. 恼怒，生气，烦恼 be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气 sb. is annoyed that... 某人恼怒的是…… 单句语法填空 1. He ____________(annoy)his mother for being so rude to their neighbors.  2. She was annoyed ____________her husband for coming back home late.  3. The ____________ (annoy) thing is that some bosses look down upon their staff.  4. I bet she was annoyed ____________having to write it out again.  【答案】1. annoyed 2. with 3. annoying 4.at/about 考点13. advertisement n. 广告 Organise information from the passage and complete the job advertisement. 从文章中组织信息，并完成这则招聘广告。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) advertise v. 为……做广告；征聘，公布 advertise for 征聘……，登广告征求…… (2) advertiser n. 广告商，广告公司 (3) advertising n. 广告活动，广告业 单句语法填空 1. They put an _______________(advertise) in the local paper for a secretary. 2. I need to advertise _________ a roommate for next term. 【答案】1. advertisement 2. for 考点14. employer n. 雇用者，雇主 拓展知识 (1) employ v. 采用，使用，雇用；使忙于，使从事于 employ sb. as 雇佣某人做…… be employed in doing sth. 从事于/忙于做某事 (2) employee n. 雇员，从业员工 (3) employment n. 使用，雇用；职业；工作 (4) unemployment n. 失业 单句语法填空 The ________ found a part-time ____________, which made his ________ angry. (employ) 【答案】employee; employment; employer 考点15. impress vt. 使钦佩，使留下深刻印象 Watson is pleased with his answer, which he thinks will impress Holmes. 华生对他的回答很满意,他认为这会给福尔摩斯留下深刻的印象。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) impress sb. with/by sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到(重要性等) (2) impression n. 印象；印记 leave/make a(n)...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象 (3) impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的；感人的 单句语法填空 1. Williams was ___________(impress) by the standard of work.  2. She was very ___________(impress) in the interview, which made it possible for her to get the job.  3. My first ___________(impress) of Ms Li was that she was nervous and shy. 【答案】1.impressed 2. impressive 3. impression 考点16. deserve v. 应得，应受到 We all deserve a second chance, I guess. 我想我们都应该再得到一次机会。教材原句 拓展知识 deserve to do sth. 值得/应该做某事 deserve doing sth. = sth. deserve to be done 值得/应该被…… 【deserve后接动词-ing为主动形式表示被动意义,相当于接动词不定式的被动形式to be done。有此类用法的词还有表示“需要”的need, want, require等】 一句多译 任何在考试中作弊的学生都应该受罚。 Any student who cheats in the exam ________________________________________. = Any student who cheats in the exam ________________________________________. = Any student who cheats in the exam ________________________________________. 【答案】deserve punishing/ deserve to be punished/ deserve punishment 考点17. combine v. (使)组合，结合 Closer to modern times, someone who is remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is American writer, Mark Twain. 更接近现代的一个人是美国作家马克·吐温，他将幽默与更严肃的信息结合起来的能力为人们所铭记。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) combine to do sth. 联(结)合起来做某事 combine A with/and B 把A和B结合起来 combine against... 为反抗……而联合 (2) combination n. [U] 联合，结合；[C]混合体，结合体 单句语法填空 1. The states __________(combine) with each other, and the __________(combine) of the 50 states forms the United States of America.  2. If your knowledge can __________(combine) with my experience, we’re sure to succeed. 【答案】1. combine 2. combination 3. be combined 考点18. interaction n. 交流；相互作用，相互影响 But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with people. 但他在与人们的日常交流中也以其诙谐的话语而闻名。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) interact v. 交流，合作；相互影响 interact with… 与……相互作用；与……交流/互动 (2) interactive adj. 合作的；交互式的；互动的 单句语法填空 1. We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our ____________(interact) with other people. 2. I would appreciate it if you could give me an opportunity to interact _________ the artists. 【答案】1.interactions 2. with 考点19. spot n. 地点，处所；斑点；污渍；v. 看见，注意到 Once, having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech. 有一次，他被邀请到一所大学参加晚宴，当校长突然请他发表演讲时，这令他很难堪。教材原句 拓展知识 put sb. on the spot 使某人难堪 on the spot 在现场；当场，当下 spot sb doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 be spotted with 散布;点缀 完成句子 1. 在路上，我们发现一个男子拿着一张纸，纸上写着“我失去了工作，家人需要养活。” On the way, we _______________________________a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job. Family to feed.”  2. 他们承认当时在现场。 They admitted that they were then _______________________________.  【答案】1. spotted a man holding 2. on the spot 考点20. shocked adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 The tiger looked shocked and hurried away. 老虎看起来很震惊，赶紧走开了。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) shock v. 使震惊，使惊愕；n. 震惊，惊愕 to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是…… be shocked at/by… 对……感到震惊 (2) shocking adj. 令人震惊的 单句语法填空 1. All the people present felt ____________at the _____________news. (shock) 2. The whole world was __________(shock) when they learned that the earthquake had brought so much damage.  【答案】1. shocked; shocking 2. shocked 考点21. conclude v. 结束，终止；断定；推断出，得出结论；达成（协定） A punch lines concludes a joke and is intended to make people laugh. 妙语是笑话的结尾，意在使人发笑。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) to conclude 最后 conclude from 从……中得出；推断 (2) conclusion n. 结束；结尾；协定；结论 in conclusion 最后；作为结论；总之 come to/arrive at/reach/draw/lead to a conclusion 得出结论 jump/leap to conclusions 匆忙下结论；贸然断定 单句语法填空 1. Those are the facts; what do you conclude ____________them?  2. ____________conclusion, I’d just like to thank you all for coming.  3. We can safely draw some ____________ (conclude) from our discussion.  4. We shouldn’t jump ____________ conclusions about the cause of the problem.  【答案】1. from 2. In 3. conclusions 4. to 考点22. As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat, I look just like any other doctor. 当我穿着白大褂走近医院时，我看起来就像其他医生一样。 as用作从属连词的用法拓展知识 (1) 引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。 (2) 引导时间状语从句，强调主从句谓语动词的同时性,意为“当……时，一边……一边……；随着”。 (3) 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”,句子要用倒装结构。 (4) 引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式，按照”。 (5) 引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”。 完成句子 1. 随着年龄的增长，我们变得越来越聪明了。 ___________________________________________, we get wiser and wiser.  2. 尽管年轻,他却懂得很多。 ___________________________________________, he knows a lot.  【答案】1. As we grow older 2. Young as he is 考点23. While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others, I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit. 虽然劳拉和其他人可能还会再进几次医院接受治疗，但我希望小丑医生能使这里成为一个更友好的场所。 while的用法拓展知识 (1) while可引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。 (2) while可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时，在……时”。 (3) while可以用来表示对比,意为“然而，可是”。 完成句子 1. 我希望我的女儿在年轻时能经历一些挫折。 I want my daughter to experience some setbacks ____________________________________.  2. 在一些地方,人们期望妇女挣钱，而男子则在家干活，抚养子女。 In some places women are expected to earn money _______________________________and raise their children.  【答案】1. As we grow older 2. Young as he is 考点24. Discuss other situations in which you could use these expressions.讨论可以使用这些表达式的其他情况。 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句拓展知识 (1) 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，若先行词是人或物，紧接在介词后的关系代词分别使用whom或which，不能使用who或 that。 (2) 介词的选用原则： ①根据与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。 Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? ②根据与先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。The farm on which we worked before isn’t what it used to be. ③根据句子的具体含义来考虑。 The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday. 单句语法填空 1. China is a beautiful country, ________which we are greatly proud.  2. This is the student by ________my daughter was saved.  3. He built a telescope through ________he could study the skies.  4. The person ________whom you should write is Mr. Ball.  【答案】1. of 2. whom 3. which 4. to 考点25. Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury, it’s my job to make her feel better. 强调句式拓展知识 强调句式基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that / who (被强调部分指人时) + 句子其余部分 PS： 1. 强调句式的判断：将句中的It is/was和that/who去掉，如果句子所剩下的部分不缺少任何成分，调整位置后是一句完整的句子，则此句即为强调句。 2. 强调句式不能强调谓语动词部分。 单句语法填空 1. It was yesterday _________ he met an old friend in the park. 2. It was my grandmother __________ helped me with the letter to Santa when I was young. 【答案】1. that 2. that/who 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 2　 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. overnight adv. 突然，一夜之间 2. endurance n. 忍耐力 3. guarantee v. 保证，确保 4. pace n. 速度，进度 5. outcome n. 结果，后果 6. nevertheless adv. 然而，不过 7. classic n. 名著，经典作品 8. manuscript n. 手稿，底稿 9. debt n. 债务，欠款 10. eagerly adv. 热切地 11. previously adv. 以前，原先 12. survive v. 幸存 13. eventually adv. 最终 14. global adj. 全球的 15. serve v. (以某种方式将食物、饮料等)端上；服务 16. best-seller n. 畅销书，畅销产品 17. blessing n. 幸事 bless v. 祝福，保佑 18. strike v. 打，撞 n. 罢工，打击 19. appreciative adj. 感激的，赏识的 20. blind adj. 瞎的，盲目的 21. deaf adj. 聋的，失聪的 22. silence n. 寂静 silent adj. 沉默的，寂静的 23. observe v. 发现 24. mere adj. 仅仅，只不过 25. reveal v. 展现，显示 revelation n. 展现，显示 26. companionship n. 友谊 27. soul n. 灵魂 28. spirit n. 精神 29. gentleness n. 温和，亲切 30. progress n. 进步 发展 31. channel n. 频道 32. outline n. 外形 33. probe v. 调查，探究 34. anxious adj. 焦虑的，渴望的 35. dawn n. 黎明 36. embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 【重点短语】 1．give up 　放弃 2．stick to 　坚持 3．have something in common 　有共同之处 4．be regarded as 　被认为是 5．drag one's feet 　做事拖拉 6．come across 　偶然遇到 7．be appreciative of 对……感激 8．probe into 　探讨，探索 9．go about 　着手，从事 10．apply...to... 　把……应用于…… 11．be aware of 　知道，意识到 12．pick up 　捡起，拾起 13．take...for example 　以……为例 14．close in on 　逼近，靠近 15. so far 到目前为止 16. play a part 起作用 17. stick out 伸出 18. turn down 拒绝 19. translate… into 把…翻译成 20. along with 连同…一起 21. be regarded as 被认为 22. struggle to do sth. 尽力做某事 23. dream of (doing) sth. 梦想（做）某事 24. in fact 事实上，实际上 25. be worth doing 值得做… 知识点二 重点句式 1. The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentences. (独立主格结构) 出版社的回信来了，作者迫不及待的打开来读，读到最后一句时，他们的心都凉了半截。 2. As we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. 众所周知，《哈利•波特》在全球取得了成功，卖出了4亿多册，并被翻译成70多种语言。 3. This, however, was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers. (when 引导定语从句，先行词a time) 然而，这是一个妇女不被鼓励成为作家的时代。 4. It is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words. (强调句型) 在《简•爱》一书中，我们可以找到这样的一句话。 5. Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. (what 引导宾语从句） 我时而询问我能看见东西的朋友，以了解他们看见了什么。 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. quit v. 放弃，停止；戒掉，辞职 Don’t quit. 不要放弃。教材原句 拓展知识 quit doing sth. 停止做某事 quit one's job 辞去某人的工作 quit school 退学 单句语法填空/完成句子 1. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was ________. (quit) 2. Susan ________________________ (已经辞去了她的高薪工作) and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood. 【答案】1. quitting 2. had quit her well-paid job 考点2. debt n. 债务，欠款；人情债；负债 When the funds are low and the debts are high… 当资金紧缺而债台高筑时……教材原句 拓展知识 be in debt 欠债 be out of debt 摆脱债务 get/fall/run into debt 陷入债务 pay off the debt 还清债务 be in one’s debt = owe a debt of gratitude of sb. 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠 单句语法填空 1.The company used to be ____________ heavy debt, but now it is ____________ debt. 2.I can guarantee that he will pay ____________ the debt in two months. 3.I’ll always be ____________ your debt for all the help you’ve given me. 【答案】1. in; out of 2. off 3. in 考点3. inform v．通知，告知 考点4. regret v./n. 遗憾；后悔 We regret to inform you... 我们遗憾地通知你……教材原句 拓展知识 (1) inform sb. of sth. 通知/告知某人某事 inform sb. that... 通知某人…… keep sb. informed of... 使某人随时了解…… information n. 通知，消息 (2) regret doing/having done sth. 后悔做过某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事 to one's regret 令人遗憾的是 regretful adj. 后悔的，遗憾的 单句语法填空 1. Please keep us ____________(inform) of the status of this project.  2. A week before Earth Day, posters were put up to inform us of _______(join) in the actions for a greener earth.  3. As for your letter, I am pleased to inform you ____________your plans are quite acceptable to us.  4. However, when she hung up, she ________ (regret) the way she had handed the call. 5. I have regretted not ________________ (take) his advice. 【答案】1. informed 2. joining 3. that 4. regretted 5. taking/having taken 考点5. have... in common有相同之处 ...she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers...教材原句 ……她认为这意味着现在她和她最喜欢的作家有了一些共同之处。 拓展知识 have much/a lot/a great deal in common 有许多共同之处 have something in common 有一些共同之处 have little in common 几乎没有共同之处 have nothing in common 没有共同之处 完成句子 1.然后你可以和他们有很多共同点。 Then you can ______________________________with them.  2.他们是兄弟，但没有共同点。 They are brothers, but they ______________________________.  【答案】1. have much/a lot/a great deal in common 2. have nothing in common 考点6. comment v./n. 评论 When she finally finished her first book, she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”, “too long”, “Children would not be interested in it”. 当她终于完成她的第一本书时，她收到了出版商的评论，大意是“对孩子们来说太难了”“太长了”“孩子们不会感兴趣”。教材原句 拓展知识 make comments/a comment on/about sth. 评论某事 comment on sth. 评论某事 单句语法填空 1. I’d appreciate it if you can make helpful ____________ (comment) on my work.  2. I can’t comment ____________the statement before I have got further information.  【答案】1. comments 2. on 考点7. turn down 调低（音量）；拒绝 I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down... 在每个出版商都拒绝我之前，我都不会放弃……教材原句 拓展知识 turn up 出现；调大（音量） turn to 转向；求助 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn back (使)原路返回，往回走 turn out 证明是，结果是 turn over翻身；移交 完成句子 1. 他努力想参军，但因身体不好被断然拒绝。 He tried to join the army but ______________________________because of poor health.  2. 不幸的是，结果证明他们并非更具有创造性。 Unfortunately, they didn’t ______________________________more creative.  3. 请调大点声音，我听不清楚收音机。 Please ______________________________the radio; I can’t hear it clearly.  【答案】1. was turned down 2. turn out to be 3. turn up 考点8. struggle v. 努力，奋斗，争取；挣扎脱身，搏斗；斗争，抗争；　n. 斗争，努力 J.D. Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works published. 塞林格高中时就开始写短篇小说，但后来他的作品很难出版。教材原句 拓展知识 struggle for... 为(争取)……而努力/奋斗 struggle to do sth. 努力/争取做某事；挣扎做某事 struggle with/against... 与……斗争 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 单句语法填空 1. With more and more fast­food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle ________ attention. 2. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle ________ (find) a sense of belonging. 【答案】1. for 2. to find 考点9. response n．回应，响应 Their response was to write a book of poems under male names. 她们的回应是用男性名字写一本诗集。教材原句 拓展知识 make a response to　对……做出回答/回应 in response to 对……做出反应 respond v. 回答，响应，反应 respond to 答复……，对……做出反应 单句语法填空 1.After several rounds of competition, the little girl stood out because of her excellent spoken English and quick ________________(respond).  2.None of the students responded _____________her question; that is to say, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.  3.She asked where he’d been, but he didn’t ________________ (response).  【答案】1. response 2. to 3. respond 考点10. guarantee v. 保证，确保；n. 保证，担保；保修单 So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success. 所以,看来光靠天赋还不足以保证成功。教材原句 拓展知识 guarantee to do sth. 保证/担保做某事 guarantee that... 确保…… guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事 be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会做某事 give sb a guarantee that... 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 完成句子 1. 一张火车票不能保证你有座位。 A train ticket can't ________________. 2. 和朋友一起出去玩肯定会让你高兴起来。 Going out with friends ______________________________cheer you up.  3. 如果你的手机还在保修期内，我们会免费修理的。 Your mobile phone will be repaired free if it is still ________________. 【答案】1. guarantee you a seat 2. is guaranteed to 3. under guarantee 考点11. due to 由于，因为 When he had to stop swimming due to health problems, he decided to learn how to play the piano with his toes. 当他因健康问题不得不停止游泳时,他决定学习如何用脚趾弹钢琴。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) 表示“由于，因为”的几个短语： due to（常作表语、定语或状语，通常不放句首） because of （常作状语） owing to（常作表语或状语，通常用“，”与主句隔开） on account of （常作状语） thanks to（译为“多亏”） (2) due adj. 应支付的，应给予的；到期的；预定的 be due to do sth. 预定/预计做某事 be due for sth. 预定/预计某事 (be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人 选词填空(thanks to/due to/because of/owing to/on account of) 1. Accidents ____________driving at high speed were very common that weekend.  2. ____________ a sudden rain, he came back.  3. ____________ his help, we finished our work in time.  4. It was ____________the job that he had taken the flat.  【答案】1. due to 2. Because of/Owing to/On account of 3. Thanks to 4. because of / on account of 考点12. inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；启发 Today, Liu Wei still enjoys playing music, and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all. 教材原句 今天，刘伟仍然喜欢演奏音乐，他乐观的态度激励着我们大家。 拓展知识 (1) inspire v. 启发；赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞 inspire sb to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 (2) inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 (3) inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的 单句语法填空 1. These events provided the ____________ (inspire) for his first novel.  2. It is really ____________ (inspire) to hear that my son got first place in the maths contest.  3. Every day in our work, we ____________ (inspire) by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.  【答案】1. inspiration 2. inspiring 3. are inspired 考点13. worthwhile adj．重要的；值得做的 Even though being a camper has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile. 尽管当营员有挑战，但我觉得这是值得的。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) it is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事 (2) be worth doing ……值得被做 = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done be worth the money/an effort/a try 值得花钱/努力/一试 be worth it 值得一干，值得花精力(或时间) 完成句子 1.Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worth experiencing. = Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worthy ____________________________________.  = Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it is well worthwhile _______________________ /_______________________ this festival.  【答案】1. to be experienced/of being experienced 2. experiencing; to experience 考点14. enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的 someone who is extremely enthusiastic and enjoys working extremely hard 一个非常有激情并且喜欢努力工作的人教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be enthusiastic about 对……热心，热衷于 (2) enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱 (3) enthusiast n. 热衷者 完成句子 1. 她对学校的活动非常热心。 She ____________________________________school activities.  2. 你在这座城市肯定会受到热烈的欢迎。 You will definitely get a(n) ____________________________________welcome in this city.  3. 他们对这个新计划显得不那么热情。 They showed little ______________________for the new plan.  【答案】1. is enthusiastic about 2. enthusiastic/warm 3. enthusiasm 考点15. effect n. 影响，作用；效果 A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people. 良好的态度会对其他人产生积极的影响。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) have a(n)...effect on　对……产生……影响 come into effect 见效，起作用 in effect 实际上 (2) affect v. 影响；感染；感动 (3) effective adj. 有效的，有影响的；实际的 单句语法填空 1. As we know, getting angry not only does harm to one’s health but also has a bad effect ____________ the relationship between people.  2. ____________ effect, the two systems are the same.  3. With the government’s aid, those ___________(affect) by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.  【答案】1. on 2. In 3. affected 考点16. compete v. 与……比赛，竞争 Before the contest, he competed against a girl at school.在比赛之前,他在学校和一个女孩竞争。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) compete with/against...for... 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 compete in 参加……比赛，在……方面竞争 (2) competitive adj. 有竞争力的 (3) competition n. 比赛 (4) competitor n. 竞争者，对手 单句语法填空 1. We can compete ____________ students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.  2. I am very delighted at getting a chance to compete ____________ the final.  3. As the youngest ____________, I had to ____________ in the writing contest against 20 other top students for the annual writing award. I must be very ____________ to be the winner. (compete) 【答案】1. with/against 2. in 3. competitor; compete; competitive 考点17. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，烦恼的，不快的； v. 使不安，心烦意乱；打乱，搅乱；弄翻 Why are you so upset? 你为什么这么难过?教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be upset about sth. 为某事感到心烦 (2) upsetting adj. 令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的 单句语法填空 1. The result of the boy’s blood test was ___________ (upset).  2. She was still ___________ (upsetting) about the argument she’d had with Harry.  3. Needless to say, I was very upset ___________the whole thing.  【答案】1. upsetting 2. upset 3. about 考点18. elect v. 选举，推选；选择，决定 You ran for Head of the Student Committee but weren’t elected. 你竞选学生会主席一职，但是没被选上。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) elect to do sth. 决定/选择做某事 elect sb. (as) +（职位） 选某人为……职位 (2) election n. 选举，推选；当选 单句语法填空 1. With the development of e-commerce, increasing numbers of people elect ___________(purchase) daily necessities via live streaming. 2. After Lincoln ___________(elect) President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and sold most of their furniture. 【答案】1. to purchase 2. was elected 考点19. make (full/good) use of （充分）利用，使用 What special assistance can people with disabilities make use of in their daily lives? 残疾人在日常生活中可以利用哪些特殊援助?教材原句 拓展知识 make the best/most of 充分利用 take (full) advantage of (充分)利用 put...to use 加以使用 come into use 开始被使用 be of great use 很有用 it is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的 单句语法填空 1. Full use must _________ (make) of every minute to go over our lessons, for the final examination is coming.  2. In my opinion, every chance should be made full use of ___________ (practise) our oral English.  【答案】1. be made 2. to practise 考点20. appreciative adj. 感激的 Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. 黑暗会使他更加感激视力，寂静能教会他声音的乐趣。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be appreciative of sb./sth. 感激某人/某事 (2) appreciate v. 欣赏；感激；理解 appreciate (sb./one’s) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事 I would appreciate it if… 如果……我将不胜感激 (3) appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 in appreciation of 作为对……的感谢 完成句子 1. 如果你能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。 _________________________________ you could take my invitation into consideration. 2. 我十分感激你给予我的所有支持。 _________________________________ all the support you’ve given me. 【答案】1. I would appreciate it if 2. I am very appreciative of 考点21. observe v. 观察，注意到；遵守；庆祝 Recently, I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed. 最近,我问一个刚从树林里散步回来的朋友她看到了什么。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) observe sb. do sth. 看到/注意到某人做过/要做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 看到/注意到某人正在做某事 observe sb./sth. done 看到/注意到某人/某物被…… observe sb./sth. being done 看到/注意到某人/某物正在被…… PS：observe sb do sth. 在变成被动语态时，应添加省略的不定式符号“to”。 They were observed to open the window and jump into the house. 有人看到他们打开了窗户，然后跳进了房子里。 (2) observation n. 观察，观察力 under observation 受监视 (3) observer n. 观察者，观察员 (4) observatory n. 天文台，气象台 完成句子 1. 数以千计的人观看了轮船离港的情形。 Thousands of people observed　______________________the harbour.  2. 因此，应该制定网络投票的规则并严格遵守。 Therefore, rules of online voting should be worked out and ______________________.  【答案】1. the ship leaving 2. strictly observed/observed strictly 考点22. delight v. (使)高兴，(使)欣喜；n. 快乐，高兴，喜悦；使人高兴的事 The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations of beauty. 第二天早晨,我应该再次迎接黎明,渴望发现新的乐事、新的美丽启示。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) take (great)delight in 以……为乐 with delight 高兴地;愉快地 to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是 delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴 delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐 (2) delighted adj. 高兴的，快乐的 be delighted at/by/with sth. 为某事而高兴 be delighted to do/in doing sth. 为做某事而高兴 (3) delightful adj. 令人高兴的 单句语法填空 1. I am always delighted ________ (receive) your letters. In spite of being short, they bring much relief when I know that you are safe. 2. It is a truly ________ (delight) place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 3. ________ our delight, varieties of birds in the forest are on the increase. 4. It's not polite to take delight ________ proving others wrong. 5. Sophie has moved to live in the countryside and she is delighted ________ her new home. 【答案】1. to receive 2. delightful 3. To 4. in 5. at/by/with 考点23. apply v. 申请；运用，应用 And the same method can be applied to the other senses. 同样的方法也适用于其他感官。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) apply A to B 把A运用到B apply oneself to 致力于，在……上努力 apply to 适用于……；向……申请 apply (to...) for... （向……）申请…… (2) applicant n. 申请人 (3) application n. 申请，申请书 单句语法填空 1. We need to apply _____________planning permission to build a garage.  2. The local hospital was one of the first to apply _____________ (become) self-governing.  3. As the wages were low, there were few _____________ (apply) for the job.  【答案】1. for 2. to become 3. applicants 考点24. end up 最后……，最终…… Even using a spoon, most of the soup ended up on my shirt. 即使用勺子，大部分的汤最后还是到了我的衬衫上。教材原句 拓展知识 end up as...　最终成为/变成…… end up with... 以/用……结束 end up doing sth. 最终做某事 单句语法填空 1. 你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。 If you continue to steal, you’ll ______________________.  2. 如果你不知道自己想要什么,那你可能最终会得到你并不想要的东西。 If you don’t know what you want, you might ______________________you don’t want.  【答案】1. end up in prison 2. end up getting something 考点25. embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的，为难的 Even using a spoon, most of the soup ended up on my shirt. 即使用勺子，大部分的汤最后还是到了我的衬衫上。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使难堪，使窘迫 (2) embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的，令人困窘的 (3) embarrassment n. 窘迫；令人困窘的人或物 to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是 单句语法填空 1. I was _____________ (embarrass) by his comments about my clothes.  2. The old man suffered much _____________(embarrass) in his youth.  3. The girl became an _____________(embarrass) to her parents when she grew up.  4. My son asked me an _____________(embarrass) question I couldn’t answer.  【答案】1. embarrassed 2. embarrassment 3. embarrassment 4. embarrassing 考点26. Keep trying and eventually you will read the words... 继续努力，最终你会读到…… “祈使句+and+陈述句”句型拓展知识 “祈使句+ and +陈述句”句型的三种变化形式： (1) 祈使句+破折号+陈述句：Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it. 尝尝这种果汁,也许你会喜欢的。 (2) 名词词组+and+陈述句：It is really very dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well. 真危险。再多迈一步,这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。 (3) 祈使句+or+陈述句。or表示“否则”“要不然的话”，可用or else或otherwise替换： Take the chance, or you will regret it. 抓住机会吧,否则你会遗憾的。 PS: 祈使句部分要用动词原形开头，根据句意确定用and还是or，陈述句中通常用一般将来时。 单句语法填空 1. _____________ (listen) carefully or you’ll miss something important.  2. Let’s keep to the point _____________ we will never reach any decisions.  3. Give blood if you can and many lives _____________ (save).  4. Give me a chance, _____________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.  【答案】1. Listen 2. or 3. will be saved 4. and 考点27. Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen. 只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到我还有多少东西没有看到。 only + 副词/介词短语/状语从句 + 部分倒装句拓展知识 PS: “only+名词/代词”置于句首作主语时不倒装。 部分倒装句的使用条件： (1) 句首为否定或半否定词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until..., not only, no sooner等时，句子要用部分倒装。 Little did I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery. 我做梦也没想到会看到这样美妙的景色。 (2) 句首为so, neither, nor时，要用倒装结构。如果第一分句是肯定句，第二分句用“so+倒装结构”；如果第一分句是否定句，第二分句则用“neither/nor+倒装结构”。 He is crazy about football and so is his young brother. 他对足球着迷，他弟弟也是。 (3) as引导让步状语从句时必须将表语、状语或谓语提前，即把形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。though引导让步状语从句时有时也可以倒装。 Famous as he is, he is easy-going. 尽管他很有名气，但他很平易近人。 完成句子 1. 他不但会讲英语,而且还能流利地讲日语。 ______________________English, but he can also speak Japanese fluently.  2. 我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。 I don’t know where he lives. ______________________.  3. 他虽然非常喜欢英语,但却没学好。 ______________________English, he doesn’t do well in it.  【答案】1. Not only can he speak 2. Neither does she 3. Much as he loves 考点28. While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is the key. 虽然艰苦的努力和少许的运气起一部分作用，但毅力才是关键。 while作连词的含义拓展知识 (1) 引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……时候” (2) 引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然，尽管”，相当于although (3) 作并列连词用，意思是“而，然而”，表对比。 单句语法填空/完成句子 1. I was never very neat, ________ my roommate Kate was extremely organized. 2. 我买东西时，你能不能照看一下孩子？ Would you look after the children ___________________？ 【答案】1. while 2. while I am doing the shopping 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 3　 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. pace n. 速度 2. decade n. 十年 3. legendary adj. 传奇式的 4. fixture n. 固定存在物 5. elderly adj. 年老的 6. chain store 连锁店 7. admit v. 承认，准许进入 8. sympathy n. 同情 9. dusty adj. 布满灰尘的 10. frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地 11. comment n. 评论 12. corner n. 角落 13. brick n. 砖 14. organic adj. 有机的，绿色的 15. deliver v. 递送，发送，接生，释放 16. corporate adj. 共同的，公司的 17. convey v. 传达，运输 18. factor n. 因素 19. emphasise v. 强调 20. divide v. 分开 21. policy n. 政策 22. pave v. 铺 23. compete v. 竞争 24. solid adj . 坚实的 25. accomplish v. 完成 26. investment n. 投资 27. occupation n. 工作，职位 28. following adj. 以下的，下列的 29. sign n. 符号 30. symbol n. 象征，标志，符号，记号 31. attempt n. 尝试，企图 32. component n. 组成部分 33. literally adv. 根据字面意思 34. represent v. 代表 35. expand v. (使)扩大，增加 36. intention n. 意图，目的 37. accessible adj. 易懂的 38. tendency n. 趋势 39. facilitate v. 促进，使便利 40. properly adv. 适当地 41. convincing adj. 有说服力的，使人信服的 【重点短语】 1. stay in business 继续营业 2. go out of business 停业，歇业 3. under the leadership of… 在……的领导下 4. in good hands 被照顾的很好 5. take over 接管 6. pop up 突然出现，冒出来 7. pave the way 铺平道路 8. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 9. combine…with… 把……和……结合起来 10. turn to 转向，求助 11. turn into 变成 12. pore over 仔细阅读，凝视 13. clear away 清除 14. tear down 拆除 15. in favor of 支持 16. have a great influence on 对…有重大影响 17. instead of 代替，而不是 18. reply with 以......回复/回应 19. search for 寻找，搜寻 20. follow the trend 顺应潮流 21. introduce...in/into... 把......引入...... 22. be limited to… 局限于......(to是介词) 23. be similar to 与......相似 24. for instance 例如 25. a string of 一串，一系列 26. replace A with B 用B代替A 27. take away 拿走，带走 28. pop up 突然出现，冒出来 29. after all 毕竟，终究 30. (be) packed with 挤满...... 31. choose to do sth 选择做某事 知识点二 重点句式 【重点句子】 1. The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing after 50 years of business, I was heartbroken.（the day是名词词组，此处用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“那天......时”） 2. It made me realize that the bookstore and all that Old Casey had given to the community could soon disappear for good.（all作先行词，只用that） 3. I joined Casey, who was looking up at the screen on which readers’ comments kept popping up.（介词+关系代词引导的定语从句） 4. While waiting outside the cafeteria, I received the following message from my friend.（状语从句的省略） 5. His creativity and perseverance made him Davidson's star player.（made him Davidson's star player为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构。） “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以用省略to的动词不定式，形容词，名词或介词短语。 6. Selected for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.（Selected for the NBA in 2009是过去分词短语作状语，表示时间。） (1)过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作，表示时间、原因、让步等。 (2)过去分词作状语可转换为状语从句。 (3)过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 7. ...it was along this road that Stephen's grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.（“It is/was...that...”是强调句型，本句中强调地点状语。） 8. Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.（现在分词短语作状语。） 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. association n. 协会，社团；联合，联想 考点2. attach v. 系，贴，附 A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association (NBA), it was along this road that Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. 这里远离美国国家篮球协会(NBA)明亮的灯光和闪闪发光的球场，正是在这条路上，斯蒂芬的祖父把一块塑料绑在电线杆上，做了一个简单的篮子。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) in association with 与……联合/合伙 associate vt. 联想；联系 associate...with... 把……和……联系；和……联想在一起 be associated with 与……有联系 (2) attach A to B把A固定/附在B上 attach great importance/significance to sth. 认为……非常重要/很有意义 attached adj. 附属的，附加的 be attached to 附属于；喜爱，依赖 完成句子 这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。 The old man _____________________old customs and habits.  她在信封上贴上一枚邮票，然后寄了出去。 She _____________the envelope and mailed it.  说实在的，许多人把变得富有和出名看得很重。 To be honest, a lot of people __________________becoming rich and famous.  单句语法填空 1) I, representing our university's student ________ (associate), went to the Beijing Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students. 2) Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air ________ health care. 【答案】1. 1) is very attached to 2) attached a stamp to 3) attach great importance to 2. 1) association 2) with 考点3. give way 倒塌，向下垮；让路，撤退 You see, with every shot, the weak plastic backboard gave way. 你看，每一次投篮，脆弱的塑料篮板都会向下垮。教材原句 拓展知识 give away 赠送；泄露(秘密)；出卖 give back 归还，送回；恢复 give forth 发出(声音、气味) give in 屈服，交上 give off 发出(水、电、光、热) give over 交给，移交，让给 give in to 向……投降/屈服 give out公布；分发；用完，耗尽 give up 放弃，戒除 用适当的介词填空 1. My family insisted that I should not give ___________, but stay and fight.  2. The doctor told him to give ___________smoking and drinking.  3. The Mayor gave ___________the prizes at the sports meeting.  4. The encouraging news was given ___________on the radio yesterday.  【答案】1. in 2. up 3. away 4. out 考点4. in all directions v. 朝四面八方 The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions. 篮子下面道路上的颠簸和岩石使球向四面八方弹动。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) in the direction of... 朝……方向 under one’s direction 在某人的指导下 (2) direct adj. 直接的；直率的；v. 给……指路；指导 direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事 (3) directly adv. 直接地；立即；conj. 一……就…… 完成句子 1. 法官命令被告保持沉默。 The judge directed the defendant _____________________________.  2. 这位导演的电影很受年轻人的欢迎。 The film _____________________________this director is popular with young people.  3. 迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。 Dick found himself walking _____________________________Mike’s house.  【答案】1. to remain silent 2. directed by 3. in the direction of 考点5. aim vi. & vt. 瞄准，对准；vi. 力争做到，力求达到；vt. 目的是，旨在；n. 目标，目的；瞄准 Only shots perfectly aimed at its centre went into the heavy, thick basket. 只有完全瞄准球门中心的射门才会进入又厚又重的篮筐。教材原句 拓展知识 aim (sth.) at sb./sth. (把某物)瞄准某人/某物 aim at/for sth. 努力争取做到 aim to do = aim at doing 力求做某事 be aimed at sb./ (doing) sth. 针对某人，旨在（做）某事 单句语法填空 1. The theatre aims ________ (build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing Shakespeare's comedy. 2. This activity ________ (aim) at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking is very popular. 【答案】1. to build / at building 2. aimed 考点6. adjust v. 调整，调节；适应，习惯 He had to adjust his own playing style as a result. 因此他不得不调整自己的打球风格。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) attach A to B把A固定/附在B上 attach great importance/significance to sth. 认为……非常重要/很有意义 (2) attached adj. 附属的，附加的 be attached to 附属于；喜爱 完成句子 1. 这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。 The old man _____________________________old customs and habits.  2. 她在信封上贴上一枚邮票，然后寄了出去。 She _____________________________the envelope and mailed it.  3. 说实在的，许多人把变得富有和出名看得很重。 To be honest, a lot of people _____________________________becoming rich and famous.  【答案】1. is very attached to 2. attached a stamp to 3. attach great importance to 考点7. sharpen v. (使)提高，改善；(使)变得锋利 In this way, practising day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills. 就这样，日复一日的练习帮助斯蒂芬提高了他的技能。教材原句 拓展知识 sharp adj. 锋利的；急剧的；尖刻的；严厉的；敏锐的 单句语法填空 1. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________ (sharp), “Don't be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. 2. Memories can be destroyed if the brain doesn't have enough rests to ________ (sharp) them. 【答案】1. sharply 2. sharpen 考点8. carry on 继续；从事，进行 But Stephen carried on. 但斯蒂芬继续追求他的梦想。教材原句 拓展知识 carry on with/doing sth　继续做某事 carry off 赢得，获得(奖品、荣誉等) carry out 实行，执行 carry through 帮……渡过(难关等)；维持；完成 单句语法填空 1. She is determined to carry on ________ her education. 2. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry ________， and they would catch up with him soon. 3. We really can't carry on ________ (live) like this. We have to find a bigger house. 【答案】1. with 2. on 3. living 考点9. expectation n. 预料，预期；期待 He performed beyond everyone’s expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. 他的精准投篮和不断的努力超出了所有人的预期。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) beyond one's expectations 超出某人的预期 in expectation of... 预计会有……，预料…… live up to/meet (one's) expectations 达到(某人的)期望，如(某人)所愿 (2) expect v. 期待；预料，预期 expect to do sth. 期待/预料做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待/预计某人做某事 (3) expected adj. 预料的，预期的 (4) unexpected adj. 出乎意料的 (5) unexpectedly adv. 意料之外地，出乎意料地 单句语法填空 1. Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach a compromise (折中) between parents' __________ (expect) and their kids' desires. 2. The global population is expected ________ (grow) to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate (估计) that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. 3. People select news in expectation ________ a reward. 【答案】1. expectations 2. to grow 3. of 考点10. set out 着手做；出发，动身 I never really set out to change the game... 我从来没有真正着手改变比赛……教材原句 拓展知识 set about (doing) sth. 着手(做)某事 = set out to do sth. set aside 保留，储蓄；暂时把……放在一边 set up 开办，建立，设立；建造，搭起 set back 使……退后，使……延迟 set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起 完成句子 1. 他们和朋友道别后，动身去目的地。 Having said goodbye to their friends, they _____________________________for their destination.  2. 他们开始粉刷整座房子。 They _____________________________the whole house.  3. 该组织的成立是为了保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。 The organization _____________________________to protect endangered species from extinction.  4. 那对老夫妇想要存些钱。 The old couple tried to _____________________________some money.  【答案】1. set off/out 2. set about painting 3. was set up 4. set aside 考点11. pull on 穿上，戴上 She tried to pull the shoe back on, but it cost her precious time. 她想把鞋穿回去，但这耽误了她宝贵的时间。教材原句 拓展知识 pull away 开动，离开 pull back 退出，撤退 pull down 拆毁 pull in 进站；驶近某处；吸引 pull out 拉出，拿出，驶出 pull through 恢复健康，渡过难关 pull up 使停下，停下 用适当的介词填空 1. The bus had pulled ___________when she got there.  2. He pulled ___________the gun and aimed at the enemy officer.  3. The film pulled ___________large audience when it was shown in the city.  【答案】1. away 2. out 3. in 考点12. judge v. 断定，判断，认为；评价；判决；n. 裁判员；法官 Using video technology to help judge our sporting competitions can make sure that no one cheats. 使用视频技术来帮助评判我们的体育比赛，可以确保没有人作弊。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) judge sb./sth. (by/from...) (根据……)判断某人/某物 judge sb./sth. to be... 认为某人/某物是…… judging from/by... 根据……来判断(放在句首作状语) PS: judge放句首作状语时，永远用­ing的形式。 (2) judgement n. [C, U] 看法，评价；[U]判断力 make a judgement about/on/of... 对……作出评价 in one's judgement 在某人看来 用适当的介词填空 1. ________ from your last letter, your parents are living a simple but happy life. 2. Upon finishing her song, she received a warm welcome from the live audience and high praise from the ________. 3. The first time you meet people, you often make a ________ about them based on the way they are dressed. 【答案】1. Judging 2. judge(s) 3. judgement 考点13. instant adj. 立即的，立刻的；迅速的，方便的；n. 瞬间，片刻 Best of all, instant replay facilities let us see all the action all over again. 最重要的是，即时回放功能可以让我们重新看到所有的动作。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) the instant (that)… 一……就……(引导时间状语从句) in an instant 立刻，马上 (2) instantly adv. 马上，立刻；conj. 一……就…… PS: 表示一……就……的单词短语： as soon as..., the moment/the minute/the instant, immediately/instantly 用适当的介词填空 1. I met Mrs Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage­design team for a play. Almost ________ (instant) I loved her. 2. ________ instant little Tom lost sight of his mother，he broke down in tears. 【答案】1. instantly 2. The 考点14. engage v. 吸引住（注意力，兴趣）；（使）参加，（使）参与 The scene you set at the beginning of your writing – whether it is fiction or non-fiction – will engage your readers and help set the right atmosphere for the remainder of your writing. 你在写作开头设置的场景——无论是小说还是非小说——将吸引你的读者，并帮助为你接下来的写作设置合适的氛围。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) engage sb.’s interest/attention 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣 engage (oneself) in... 让(某人)参加 be engaged in... 忙于/从事于…… be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚 (2) engagement n. 订婚，约会，预约 用适当的介词填空 1. The surgeon is now ________ (engage) in operating on a patient who needs emergency surgery to remove a blood clot (凝块) from his brain. 2. In my spare time, I like to engage myself ________ some outdoor activities. 【答案】1. engaged 2. in 考点15. fight 争论，争吵；打架；斗争 This meant she could get up quickly and fight for her position in the race. 这意味着她可以迅速站起来，为自己在比赛中的地位而战。教材原句 拓展知识 fight back 还击，反击 fight over 由于……争论 fight for 为……而战斗/竞争 fight against 与……作斗争 fight one’s way 奋力前进；打(挤，推)出一条路 完成句子 1. 当那两名男子还击时,年轻的袭击者们逃之夭夭。 The teenage attackers fled when the two men _____________________________.  2. 人们在反抗压迫和不公正。 People are _____________________________repression and injustice.  3. 士兵们知道他们是为国家的荣誉而战。 The soldiers knew that they were _____________________________the honour of their country.  【答案】1. fought back 2. fighting against 3. fighting for 考点16. keep sb. from (doing) sth. 阻止某人(做)某事 take part 参加，参与 But it didn’t keep her from taking part. 但这并没有阻止她参加。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) 阻止某人做某事： prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth. 【from可以省略】 keep sb. from doing sth. 【from不能省略】 (2) take part in=participate in=join sth. /in doing sth.　参加，参与 take an active part in 积极参加，参与 play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 完成句子 1. 你能不能不让你的狗到我的花园里来? Can’t you _____________________________into my garden?  2. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 No one can keep _____________________________carried out.  3. 老师们不但参加了聚会,而且还在聚会中唱了歌。 Not only did the teachers _____________________________the party, but they also sang at the party.  4. 他坚持让我们每个人都在旅途中发挥作用。 He insisted that every one of us _____________________________the journey.  5. 首先,你应该积极参与讨论。 First, you should _____________________________the discussion.  【答案】1. prevent your dog from coming 2. the plan from being 3. take part in 4. play a part in 5. take an active part in 考点17. volunteer n. 志愿者；v. 自愿做…… I’ve just finished my first day volunteering at the Senior Citizens’ Sports Club! 我刚在老年人体育俱乐部完成了第一天的志愿工作!教材原句 拓展知识 (1) volunteer as 自愿担任 volunteer (oneself) to do sth. 自愿干某事 (2) voluntary adj. 自愿的，主动的 完成句子 1. 得知许多人需要医疗帮助,我决定做一名志愿者。 Knowing a lot of people needed medical help, I decided to _____________________________.  2. 他们主动提出为那个老妇人修缮房子。 They _____________________________repair the house for the old lady.  【答案】1. be a volunteer 2. volunteered to 考点18. honour n. 尊敬；荣幸；荣誉；v. 表彰，给予荣誉 In this spirit, the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour remarkable sportspeople. 本着这种精神，劳伦斯世界体育奖是一个年度颁奖典礼，以表彰卓越的运动员。教材原句 拓展知识 in honour of 为了纪念……；为了表示对……的敬意 have the honour of doing/to do 有做……的荣幸 it is an honour to do sth. 做某事是荣幸的 be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 be honoured with... 被授予…… 完成句子 1. 最高的荣誉将属于任何为我们学校发展做出最大贡献的人。 ____________________will go to whoever has made the greatest contributions to the development of our school.  2. 能够担当这一角色,我感到非常荣幸。 I _____________________________have been able to take on this role.  【答案】1. The highest honour 2. feel/am very honoured to 考点19. burst onto 突然出现在…… In the 1980s, the team burst onto the international volleyball scene with several major world titles... 20世纪80年代,中国女排在国际排坛一举成名,获得了几次世界大赛冠军……教材原句 拓展知识 burst v. 爆裂；爆发； n. 突然破裂;爆发 burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入；突然开始(做某事) burst out crying/laughing = burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来 burst with anger 勃然大怒 a burst of... 一阵…… 完成句子 1. 他没敲门就闯进房间,这使我非常生气。 He　_____________________________the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.  2. 当我见到他的穿着时我大笑起来。 I _____________________________when I saw what he was wearing.  3. 那个小女孩如此害怕以至于她哭了起来。 The little girl was so frightened that she _____________________________. 【答案】1. burst into　 2. burst out laughing/burst into laughter 3. burst out crying/burst into tears 考点20. assign v. 分配，分派 In Rio, the Chinese women’s volleyball team needed all of its fighting spirit after it was assigned to the “group of death”... 在里约热内卢,中国女排被分配到“死亡之组”后,需要团队的所有战斗精神……教材原句 拓展知识 (1) assign sb. to do sth.　指派某人做某事 assign sb. to... 把某人派往…… assign sth. to sb. 转让，让与(财产、权利) (2) assignment n. 任务；职责 完成句子 1. 学生在很小的时候就会记笔记,在电脑上完成任务,使用在线研究工具。 Students will take notes and do __________________on computers and use online research tools at a young age.  2. 老师给每个孩子分配了不同的任务。 The teacher _____________________________a different task _____________each of the children.  【答案】1. their assignments　 2. assigned；to 考点21. pay off 得到回报，取得成功；还清 Their perseverance paid off with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals. 她们的毅力得到了回报，在四分之一决赛中对阵上届冠军巴西时，她们史诗般地复出。教材原句 拓展知识 pay sb. for sth. 付钱给某人作为……的费用 pay for sth. 为……付费/吃苦头/受惩罚 pay back 还钱；报复 pay sb. money for... 为……付给某人钱 完成句子 1. 作为探险家,我多年的训练终于得到了回报! All my years of training as an explorer _____________________________!  2. 不管你觉得安排时间有多困难,从长远来看还是会带来好结果的。 However difficult you find it to arrange your time, it will _____________________________.  3. 他花20美元买了这件二手工具。 He _____________________________the second-hand tool.  【答案】1. have finally paid off　 2. pay off in the long run 3. paid twenty dollars for 考点22. contribute to为……做出贡献；有助于；导致；投稿 Strong team spirit also contributed greatly to their success. 强大的团队精神也为他们的成功做出了巨大贡献。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) contribute v. 贡献；捐献；投稿 contribute sth to... 把某物捐献给……；向……投稿 (2) contribution n. 捐献；贡献；促成；投稿 make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献 单句语法填空 1. Reading may contribute to ________ (find) solutions to our own problems. 2. Immigrants coming into the United States have contributed many words ________ the language. 3. The Nobel Peace Prize is given to such people who have made great contributions to ________ (maintain) global peace and stability. 4. According to a study, the emergence(兴起) of these new professions contributes ________ the rapid development of high­tech industries, which have opened up new job markets. 【答案】1. finding 2. to　 3. maintaining 4. to 考点23. reflect v. 显示；反映；反射；考虑，思考，反省 What kind of sporting spirit does each of the reading passages in this unit reflect? 本单元的每一个阅读段落都体现了什么样的体育精神?教材原句 拓展知识 (1) reflect on/upon 反省，认真思考 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 (2) reflection n. 反射；反映；映像；反省 on reflection 经再三考虑，反思 单句语法填空 1. I hope in years to come he will reflect ___________his decision.  2. At first I didn’t agree, but on ___________ (reflect) I realized she was right.  【答案】1. on/upon 2. reflection 考点24. ...to be too short, too thin and too weak to follow in his father’s footsteps. ……太矮,太瘦,太弱,不能继承他父亲的事业。 “too + adj.+(for sb./sth.) to do sth.”句型拓展知识 该结构在大多数情况下表示否定意义“(对……来说)太……以至于不能做某事”，但在下列几种情况下，表示肯定意义： (1) too...to...这一结构前有never, not, no longer, but, only, all等词时，这一结构表达肯定意义。 (2) not 置于动词不定式前，成为too...not to do结构时，原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受到否定，变为肯定意义，意为“太……不会不”或“非常……必定能……”。 (3) too后为 anxious, eager, easy, glad, happy, pleased, excited, ready, satisfied, kind, willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等方面的形容词时，too相当于very much，表示肯定意义。 (4) 当不定式充当句子中的实际主语时，too...to...表示肯定含义。 翻译句子 1. I’ll be only too glad to join in your games. 2. They are all too satisfied to get the results. 3. You are too wise not to know that. 4. She is too eager to find a new job. 【答案】1. 我很高兴去参加你们的比赛。 2. 得到这样的成绩,他们都觉得很满意。 3. 你很聪明,必然会知道那件事情。　 4. 她渴望找到一份新工作。 考点25. His creativity and perseverance made him Davidson's star player. 他的创造力和毅力使他成为戴维森的明星球员。 “make＋宾语＋宾补”结构拓展知识 make在此作使役动词，意为“使……”，其宾语通常是名词或代词，宾语补足语用形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词等。 (1) make＋名词/代词＋名词，表示“使某人/某物成为……” Most pop singers make music their career. 很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。 (2) make＋名词/代词＋形容词，表示“使……变得……”。 The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. 网络使我们的生活变得容易、方便。 (3) make＋名词/代词＋省略to的不定式，表示“使某人/某物做某事”。 PS：该结构用于被动语态时，被省略的不定式符号to要还原。 What he said made all of us laugh. → (被动语态) All of us were made to laugh by what he said. 他的话让我们都笑起来。 (4) make＋名词/代词＋过去分词，表示“使某人/某物被……”。构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 I'm not very good at German, but I can make myself understood. 我的德语不太好，但我能清楚地表达自己的意思。 单句语法填空 1. Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us ________ (examine) our behavior, and correct bad habits. 2. The joke the naughty boy played on the old man made many people ________ (anger)． 3. There were so many people in the hospital that I was made ________ (wait) four hours before I was examined by a doctor. 4. He made his plan ________ (know) to the whole class. 5. The thick smoke caused him to stumble (蹒跚而行) blindly around, burned his eyes, and made ________ impossible to breathe. 【答案】1. examine 2. angry 3. to wait 　 4. known 5. it 考点26. I know it inspires a lot of the next generation, a lot of people who love the game of basketball to value the skill of it, value the fact that you can work every single day to get better. 我知道它激励了很多下一代,很多热爱篮球运动的人珍视篮球运动的技巧,看重每天的努力都能让自己变得更好的事实。 同位语从句拓展知识 该句中that you can work every single day to get better引导同位语从句，解释名词the fact。 同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，它跟在某些名词之后，对这些名词的内容、含义做具体的解释说明，其中的引导词that为连词，在从句中虽不作任何成分，但不能省略，除that外，when, where, why, how, what, whether等都可以引导同位语从句。 单句语法填空 1. He got the news from Mary ___________the sports meeting had been put off.  2. There is much chance ___________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.  3. I have no idea ___________he will do with them all.  【答案】1. that 2. that 3. what 考点27. In 2003, Yao Ming became the first Chinese sportsperson to win the award... 2003年，姚明成为第一个获得该奖项的中国运动员…… 不定式作定语拓展知识 (1) 不定式作定语，常常表示将来的动作。 (2) 不定式作定语与其所修饰的词之间的关系主要有动宾关系、主谓关系和所属关系。 (3) 当中心词为序数词或者前面有序数词，the last, the next, the only等词修饰时，后面一般用动词不定式作定语。 (4) 不定式作定语，当被修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式通常用主动形式;若不定式是不及物动词，但与所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系，其后应加一个适当的介词;或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面也须有相应的介词。 (5) 有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语，常见的有:ability能力，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，chance机会，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的、意图，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，right权力，struggle斗争，tendency倾向，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。 单句语法填空 1. If there’s a lot of work ___________ (do), I am happy to keep on until it is finished.  2. He is always the last one ___________ (leave) the classroom.  3. We currently don’t have enough paper to write ___________.  4. He had nursed an ambition ___________ (lead) his own big orchestra. 【答案】1. to do 2. to leave 3. on 4. to lead 考点28. Now talk about whether you have actively participated in the group discussion. 现在谈谈你是否积极参加了小组讨论。 whether/if引导的名词性从句拓展知识 (1) 两者引导宾语从句时基本可以替换。 Ask if/whether he will come to the meeting. 问问他是否要来参加会议。 (2) whether可以引导主语从句，而if不能。 Whether the news is true or not remains a question. 这消息是不是真的还是个问题。 (3) whether引导的名词性从句可作介词的宾语，而if不能。 It all depends on whether she likes the company or not. 一切都取决于她喜欢不喜欢这家公司。 (4) whether可引导表语从句，而if不能。 The question is whether the book is worth reading. 问题是这本书是否值得读。 (5) whether可引导同位语从句,而if不能。 The question whether he will go or not hasn’t been decided. 他是否去的问题尚未确定下来。 (6) 在not sure/certain后面引导从句时，只能用whether。 He isn’t sure whether he should attend the conference. 他不知道自己该不该参加这个大会。 单句语法填空 1. The question is ___________ we should tell her the bad news.  2. I wanted to know ___________ she could put me up for a few days.  3. ___________ the football game will be played depends on the weather.  4. We haven’t settled the question of ___________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. 【答案】1. whether 2. if/whether 3. Whether 4. whether 考点29. Next, the Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches, having lost to them in the preliminaries. 接下来，中国队在半决赛中击败了荷兰队，(尽管之前)在预赛中输给了荷兰队。 动词-ing形式的完成式 (having done) 在句中作状语拓展知识 (1) 动词-ing形式的完成式表示先于谓语的动作:即当动词-ing形式所表示的动作先于谓语动作发生时，动词-ing形式就用完成式。 (2) 动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作，动词-ing形式所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔，而动词-ing形式的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔。 (3) 从句法上，动词-ing形式的完成式既不用作主语和宾语，也不用作定语，其主要作用是作状语。 Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。 Having written down our names and addresses, the policeman let us go. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。 单句语法填空 1. ___________________ (tell) many times, he finally understood it.  2. ___________________ (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.  3. ___________________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left his purse in the car.  【答案】1. Having been told 2. Having spent 3. Having waited 外研版选择性必修一 Unit 4 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. inspire v. 鼓舞，激励 2. combine v. 结合，组合 3. expect v. 期望 4. imagine v. 想象 5. admire v. 钦佩，欣赏 6. float v. 飘，浮 7. compose v. 作曲 8. motion n. 动，运动 9. ethnic adj. 民族的 10. express v. 表达 11. represent v. 代表 12. sculpt v. 雕刻 13. mix v. 使混合，融合n. 混合 14. trend n. 趋势，动向 15. technician n.巧匠，技术人员 16. distinct adj. 清晰的，不同的 17. innovation n. 革新，创新 18. abstract adj.抽象的 19. contrast n.反差，对比 20. vary v. 变化，变更 21. access n. 通道，入口 22. limit n. 限制v. 限制，限定 23. create v. 创造 24. separate v. 分开，分离 adj. 分开的，单独的，不同的 25. recognise v. 承认，认出，辨认，认可 26. literal adj. 文字的 【重点短语】 1. turn to sb (for help) 向某人求助 2. set…in motion 使……开始 3. pass…down 把……传下来 4. be particularly interested in 尤其对…感兴趣 5. come to life 活跃起来，苏醒 6. be known for 因为 …而出名 7. so as to 为了 8. be recognised by 被…承认，认可 9. admire sb for sth 因为某事钦佩某人 10. be (feel) grateful to sb for sth 因为某事感激某人 11. bring out 展现，出现，出版 12. aim to do sth 旨在…… 13. express one's idea 表达某人的观点 14. be determined to do sth 决定去干某事 15. contrast……and/with 把 …和…….进行对比 16. light up 点燃，点亮，高兴起来 17. vary from…to… 从…….到…….变化 18. lead to (led led) 导致 19. rather than 而不是 20. as a result 因此，结果 21. take… for example 以……为例 22. be accessible to 易于为某人所接受/进入/得到 23. limited time 有限的时间 24. take in 参观，吸收，理解，欺骗，收留 25. thanks to 多亏了 26. interact with 与…….互动，交流 27. be familiar with (unfamiliar) 对……熟悉（不熟悉） 28. be distinct from sth 与……不同 有别于…… 的 知识点二 重点句式 1. You see also some fish sculpted on the wall. （过去分词作定语） (1)过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。它所修饰的名词、代词与之构成被动关系。 (2)单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词之后。 2. Since his first opera，Nine Songs，Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories. （现在完成进行时） (1)现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。 (2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。 (3)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。 3. The inspiration for her famous dances has come from the time she spent in Xishuangbanna，Yunnan Province.（she spent in Xishuangbanna是定语从句修饰先行词the time，省略了关系代词that。） 4. These sights set Hofman's idea for Floating Fish in motion.（set...in motion 使……开始；让……动起来） 5. As Tan once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.（so as to以便；为了） (1)in order to和so as to跟动词原形，此时不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。一般情况下，so as to结构不放在句首。 (2)so that和in order that常与情态动词can，could，may，might，will，would连用，引导目的状语从句。so that和in order that引导目的状语从句时，如果主句主语与从句主语一致，也可以换成so as to do/in order to do或to do。so that 还可引导结果状语从句，写法上可以是so...that...，表示“如此……以致……”。 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. influence n. 影响，作用；v. 影响，对……起作用 Here we find out more about the influences behind the successes of three very different artists. 在这里，我们将进一步了解三位不同艺术家成功背后的影响。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) have an influence/effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响 exert an influence on 对……施加影响 under the influence of 在……的影响下 (2) influential adj. 有影响的；有权势的 单句语法填空 3) A good teacher has a great influence _____________his students.  4) He was one of the most _____________ (influence) performers of modern jazz.  5) The very earliest sculptures were made _____________the influence of Greek art.  【答案】1. on/upon 2. influential 3. Under 考点2. pass down 使世代相传，流传 Hofman’s inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through the generations. 霍夫曼对《浮鱼》的灵感来源于世代相传的中国民间故事。教材原句 拓展知识 pass out 晕倒 pass away 去世，消失 pass through 经过，通过 pass by 通过，路过，经过 pass on to 转交，传给，转向 单句语法填空 1. I don’t think these words worth passing _____________to beginners.  2. He carefully figured out what time the first train would pass _____________.  3. You must pass _____________a series of stages and contend with various obstacles and delights.  4. Some ancient civilizations have passed _____________. 【答案】1. on 2. by 3. through 4. away 考点3. interested adj. 感兴趣的；关心的 He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”. 他对一条鱼跳过“龙门”的古老故事特别感兴趣。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) interesting adj. 有趣的 (2) interest n. 兴趣，爱好；利益；利息；vt. 使发生兴趣 take an interest in 对……产生兴趣 be of no interest 丝毫不感兴趣 in the interest(s) of 符合……的利益 a place of interest 名胜 with interest 怀有兴趣，津津有味地 out of interest 出于兴趣 单句语法填空 1. He always tries to make them _____________ (interest) in his lectures.  2. What _____________ (interest) me is all the history of these places.  3. Babies soon begin to take an interest _____________the world around them.  4. The small town has become a place _____________interest for Chinese people.  【答案】1. interested 2. interests 3. in 4. of 考点4. come to life 活跃起来，苏醒过来 This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there. 教材原句 当霍夫曼在乌镇看到人们是如何在那里生活的时候，这个故事就鲜活了起来。 拓展知识 come to oneself 苏醒过来 come back to life 苏醒过来；复活 when it comes to... 当谈及…… bring sth (back) to life 使……生动；使……恢复生机 live/lead a...life 过着……的生活 完成句子 1. 然而，这些雇员大多数没有发言权，特别是当涉及自己的安全时。 Yet the majority of these employees have no voice, especially _______________________their own safety.  2. 鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。 Flowers can _______________________a dull room _______________________.  【答案】1. when it comes to 2. bring; back to life 考点5. various adj. 不同的，各种各样的 It gave me a chance to go deeper into the lives of various ethnic groups... 它给了我一个深入了解各个民族生活的机会……教材原句 拓展知识 (1) a variety of / varieties of 各种各样的 (2) varied adj. 各种各样的，多变的 (3) variety n. 变化，多样性，种类 (4) vary v. 改变，变化 vary from...to... 从……到……不等，在……到……之间变动 完成句子 1. We may have ____________(vary) ways to deal with such a situation.  2. One of the advantages is that we can find a _________ (vary) of topics, such as science, culture and history.  3. The importance of being an Olympian will vary from athlete ____________athlete. 【答案】1. various 2. variety 3. to 考点6. belief n. 相信，信任 考点7. bring out 展现；出版；生产 My dance comes from their traditional belief and aims to bring out the Dai women’s beauty. 教材原句 我的舞蹈来源于他们的传统信仰,旨在展现傣族妇女的美丽。 拓展知识 (1) beyond belief 令人难以置信 have belief in... 信任……；怀有……信念 have/hold (a/the) …belief that... 相信……；怀有/持有……信念(that引导同位语从句，that不能省略) (2) bring back 使返回，使回忆起 bring on 激励；引起 bring in 引进；赚钱 bring about 造成，引起，导致 bring down 打倒，使落下，降低 bring up 提出；抚养，养育；呕吐 完成句子 / 单句语法填空 1. 这家公司正在生产一种新跑车。 The company is _______________________a new sports car.  2. 几乎每天都有新型个人电脑推出。 New personal computers _______________________almost daily.  3. 你可以在委员会中提出这些问题。 You can _______________________these problems in committee.  4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 5. I have belief ________ the power of communication, which can clear up (消除) misunderstandings. 6. The city has changed a lot in such a short time. It is ________________ (令人难以置信的)． 【答案】1. bringing out 2. are brought out 3. bring up 4. that 5. in 6. beyond belief 考点8. so as to... 目的是，为了…… 考点9. recognise vt. 认出；意识到；认可；赞赏 As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world. 正如谭先生所说，中国音乐应该承载人类精神的“普世表达”，这样才能得到全世界的认可。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) so as to do sth. / in order to do sth. 为了做某事，以便做某事 so that / in order that 为了，以便 PS: so as to引出的目的状语不可位于句首，而in order to引出的目的状语既可位于句首，也可位于句中。 (2) be recognised to be/as... 被认为是 It is recognised that... 人们意识到 recognition n. 认出；认可 beyond recognition 面目全非 完成句子 / 单句语法填空 1. However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear _________________ (为了阻止) its presence. 2. Pronunciation is as important as definition because ________________ (为了) add a word to your vocabulary, you must be able to use it in speech. 3. He created electronic tools ________________ (为了) people could use computers as musical instruments. 4. China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs. 5. When a dark­colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it ________ sweeter and more tasty. 6. In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a ________ (recognize) of the importance of other people. 【答案】1. so as to prevent/in order to prevent 2. in order to 3. so that/in order that 4. recognizing 5. as 6. recognition 考点10. determined adj. 下定决心的，坚定的 I was determined to see the painting, which is often called the “Mona Lisa of the North”. 我决心去看这幅画,它常被称为“北方的蒙娜·丽莎”。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事 (2) determine v. 确定；决定 determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) (3) determination n. 决心 完成句子 1. 他坚定的表情表达了他的想法：所有的伤员应该立即从现场转移到医院。 His ________________ conveyed his meaning that all the injured should be conveyed from the spot to the hospital at once.  2. 他们的技艺令我惊叹，我决心学习剪纸。 Amazed at how skillful they were, I was ________________ paper-cutting.  【答案】1. determined look 2. determined to learn 考点11. despite prep. 不管，尽管，即使 Indeed the exhibition is worth visiting, despite the over-priced tickets. 尽管门票价格过高,但展览确实值得参观。教材原句 拓展知识 in spite of 尽管，虽然 despite/in spite of the fact that=although/though 尽管 完成句子 1. 尽管她认为物理枯燥无味,但她却学得很好。 She was good at physics _____________________ she found it boring.  2. 尽管卡尔年纪渐长,但他还是跑得很快。 _________________________ Carl is getting old, he can still run very fast.  【答案】1. despite the fact that 2. In spite of the fact that 考点12. check out 检查，核实；结账后离开 Check out the ground-breaking installations. 看看这些具有开拓性的艺术装置吧。教材原句 拓展知识 check n. 支票；v. 核对，检查；确定；控制 check on 核实，检查 check in 登记，办理登记手续，报到 完成句子 1. 把清单上的东西都准备好后,我们开始把食物从车上卸下来,到柜台结账。 After gathering everything on our list, we started unloading the food to __________________at the counter.  2. 斯蒂芬夜里起来看了她好几遍。 Stephen __________________her several times during the night.  3. 我们已经在旅馆登记入住。 We have __________________at the hotel.  【答案】1. check out 2. checked on 3. checked in 考点13. contrast n./v. 对比，对照 create a strong contrast 形成强烈对比教材原句 拓展知识 be a contrast to 和……形成对比 by contrast 相比之下 in contrast to 与……截然不同，相比之下，与……相反 考点14. light up (使)光亮，照亮；喜形于色，喜气洋洋 The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. 美国艺术家珍妮特·埃切尔曼的艺术作品在夜晚被点亮时,看起来就像五颜六色的浮云。教材原句 拓展知识 come to light 为人所知 bring sth. to light 揭露，揭发 cast/throw light on 使(问题等)较容易理解 考点15. rather than 而不是 Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather than “technicians”. 然而，米开朗琪罗和其他人被称为“艺术家”，而不是“巧匠”。教材原句 拓展知识 other than 不同于，除了 or rather 更确切地说 宁愿做……而不愿做……： would rather do sth. than do sth. = would do sth. rather than do sth. = prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 考点16. lead to 导致,引起 Today, however, technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology. 教材原句 然而，今天，技术的进步致使艺术和技术结合。 拓展知识 lead to = result in = contribute to = bring about 导致 lead to some place 通往某地 lead to one’s/sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事 lead sb. to sth. 引导某人某事；使得出观点 lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事;导致某人做某事 lead/live a...life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路，带路 考点17. accessible adj. 可到达的，可接近的 Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. 现在我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be accessible to... 可接近，可靠近，可使用…… (2) access n. 通道；机会；权利 have (no) access to 有/没有……的机会；可以/无法接近 give access to 准许进入/接近 考点18. take in 观看，欣赏；欺骗；理解；吸收 Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. 一旦到了这幅画前,他们只有有限的时间来欣赏汴京的汴河沿岸五米长的景色。教材原句 拓展知识 take away 拿走，带走，夺走 take back 退回，拿回，归还 take down 记下；拆卸 take off 脱下；起飞；休假；(事业)腾飞；(匆忙)离开 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take out 取出，拔掉，带出去 take over 接管，接任 take up 占据；拿起；开始从事 考点19. advance n. 前进；进步；v. 前进；提前，预先；发展；提出 These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art. 这些进步可能使我们更接近一个时代，在那个时代，创造艺术的是电脑，而不是人类。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进 in advance 预先；提前(指事先) in advance of 在……前面；超过…… make advances in 在……方面取得进步 (2) advanced adj. 高等的；先进的 考点20. request n./v. 请求，要求 Woods High School requests the honour of your presence at the opening of Tech Art Festival on the twelfth of November. 伍兹高中谨请阁下出席11月12日的科技艺术节开幕式。教材原句 拓展知识 1. make (a) request for sth/that... 请求……，要求…… 2. at sb’s request/at the request of sb. 应某人之要求 3. request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 4. request that...(should) do sth. 请求…… 5. It is requested that...(should) do... 据要求…… 考点21. Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea. 每位艺术家的愿望都是创造出表达思想的作品。 定语从句的关系代词必须用that，不用which的情况拓展知识 (1) 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, much, little, none等不定代词时； (2) 先行词被all, any, no, little, few, the very, the only, the same, the last等限定词修饰时； (3) 先行词为形容词的最高级、序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时； (4) 先行词有两个或两个以上，分别表示人和物时； (5) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时； (6) 先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词本身也在从句中作表语时； (7) 主句以here，there开头，先行词指物时。 考点22. It wasn’t until we went on a trip to The Hague last year that this dream came true! 直到去年我们去海牙旅行，这个梦想才实现! not…until…句式拓展知识 (1) 倒装句结构：Not until+状语(副词、介词短语、从句)+部分倒装; Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。 (2) 强调句结构：It was + not until... + that... It was not until his father returned from the work that the boy began to do his homework. 直到他爸爸下班回家，这个男孩子才开始做作业。 考点23. Her eyes are wide and her mouth is parted, just as if she were about to speak. 她睁大了眼睛，张大了嘴，好像要说话似的。 as if 仿佛，好像拓展知识 (1) as if/though后面可接从句、形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词不定式。 He opened his lips as if to say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 (2) as if/though引导的从句若与事实相反，应用虚拟语气：如果从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词(几乎)同时发生，从句用一般过去时；如果从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生,从句用过去完成时。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. 她英语讲得很流利,就好像在美国学过英语一样。(事实上没有去过美国) (3) as if/though引导的方式状语从句可以用省略结构。 She stood at the gate as though (she was) waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等什么人。 Unit 5　 Revealing nature 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 1. distant adj. 遥远的 → distance n. 距离 2. evolve v. 进化 → evolution n. 进化(论) 3. generate v. 产生，创造 → generation 一代(人);产生，发生 → generator n. 发电机；生产者 4. suspect v. 猜想，怀疑；n.嫌疑犯 → suspected adj. 有嫌疑的 5. detect v. 察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物) → detection n.发现,觉察 → detective n. 侦探→ detector n. 检测器；发现者 6. character n. 特性；性格；人物；字体→ characteristic n. 特征，特性 【重点短语】 1. answer the call 响应号召 2. what’s more 更重要的是，而且 3. be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 4. lead to 导致，造成 5. of all time 有史以来 6. in question 正被讨论的，谈论中的 7. be fascinated by 被……迷住 8. give sb.the chance to do sth. 给某人做某事的机会 9. be crowded with 挤满，充满 10. come to exist 开始存在 11. at the same time 同时 12. be similar to 与……相似 13. adapt to 适应 14. a variety of 各种各样的 15. according to 按照，根据 16. over time 渐渐地，慢慢地 17. the answer to ……的答案 18. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 19. living things 生物 20. be regarded as 被认为是…… 21. begin with = start with 以……开始，从……开始 22. communicate with sb. 与某人交流 23. after all 终究，还是；毕竟，别忘了 24. get attacked 被攻击/袭击 25. tiny amounts of 微量的 26. drive...away 赶走…… 27. link...to/ with... 把……和……连接/联系起来 28. in some ways 在某些方面 29. steal...from... 从…… 偷 …… 知识点二 重点句式 1. Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. 达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。 2. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 3. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. 《物种起源》直到1859年才出版，并立即引起轰动。 4. Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. 如今,《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。 知识点三 重点知识 考点. date back to 起源于，追溯到 The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago. 已发现的最古老的现代鸭嘴兽的化石可以追溯到大约10万年前。教材原句 拓展知识 date back to = date from，常用一般现在时，一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用动词-ing形式 考点. exist vi. 存在；生存；生活 come to exist 开始形成，出现 As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist? 当他研究这些时，他问自己一个问题：不同的物种是如何形成的？教材原句 拓展知识 exist on 靠……生活 existence n. 存在;生存 bring/call into existence 使产生;使成立 come into existence 开始存在;产生;成立 in existence 存在的;现存的;现有的 put out of existence 消灭;灭绝;杀死 考点. adapt v. 适应；改编 adapt (oneself) to (使……)适应于…… Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? 也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境时进化了?教材原句 拓展知识 adapt sth. from 根据……改编某物 adapt...for... 为……而改写/改编…… adaptable adj. 能适应的;可修改的 adaptation n. 适应;改编;改写本 考点. suspect v. 猜想；怀疑；n. 嫌疑犯；adj. 可疑的，不可信的 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的,这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿上。教材原句 拓展知识 suspect sb. to be 猜想某人…… suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事 suspicious adj. 有疑心的;表示怀疑的 be suspicious of 对……起疑 suspiciously adv. 怀疑地;猜疑地 考点. convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服,以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) convince vt. 使确信,使信服;说服 convince sb of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (2) convinced adj. 确信的;坚信的 be convinced of 确信;坚信 be convinced that... 坚信…… 考点. be regarded as 被看作 Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. 今天,《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一。教材原句 拓展知识 regard v. 把……看作;注重;考虑;看待;尊敬 n. 注意;尊重;问候;凝视 regard...as 把……看作 in/with regard to=regarding 关于,至于 in this/that regard 在这/那方面;在这/那一点上 give sb my regards 请代我问候(某人);请代我(向某人)致意 regardless of 不管,不顾 考点. characteristic n. 特征,特性；adj. 典型的;特有的;表示特性的 Gregor Mendal chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. 格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。教材原句 拓展知识 characteristically adv. 典型地;表示特性地 character n. 性格,品质;特性;角色 考点. blame v. 把……归咎于,责怪；n. 责备,责怪 The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔岛龟的灭绝被归咎于人类。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be to blame for　为……负责任 blame sb for sth. 因某事责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上,把责任归咎于某人 take the blame for 为……承担责任 (2) blameless adj. 清白的;无可责备的;无过失的 考点. decline v. 减少;衰落,衰败;婉言谢绝,拒绝；n. 减少;下降;衰落 After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined. 特别是山羊被带到岛上之后,平塔岛龟的数量下降了。教材原句 拓展知识 in decline 在衰退中 on the decline 在衰退中,走下坡路 fall into decline 衰落 decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 decline from...to... 从……下降到…… 考点. survive vt. 幸存;艰难度过；vi. 幸存,活下来 This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 ℃ to a below freezing -272 ℃. 这种微小的生物可以在150 ℃到零下272 ℃的温度下生存。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) survive sth. 从……中幸存下来 survive on sth. 靠……存活下来 survive sb. by... 比某人活得长…… (2) survivor n. 幸存者;生还者 (3) survival n. 幸存 考点. as well as 和,也,以及 Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. 许多文化中都有会说话的树的故事,它给人们提供建议和警告。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) besides/in addition to除……之外(还) (2) as well as可以用于同级比较,意为“和……一样好”。 (3) as well as作介词相当于besides,意思为“除……之外,还有”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式,尤其是位于句首时。 (4) as well是副词短语,其意思为“也”,相当于too,它一般放在句末,有时和连词and或but搭配使用。 (5) as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子的谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 He as well as his classmates is going shopping this Sunday. 考点. amounts of + 不可数名词 大量的 The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. 这种植物从被吃掉的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质。教材原句 拓展知识 the amount of...……的数量 a large/great amount of+n.[U] 大量的……(作主语时,谓语用单数) large amounts of+n.[U] 大量的……(作主语时,谓语用复数) in amount (=in all) 总之,总计;在数量上 large/small amount大/少量地;大/小批地 amount to总计,合计(amount为动词) 考点. drive away 使离去,赶走;驱车离开 Some of these chemicals drive insects away. 其中一些化学物质能驱走昆虫。教材原句 拓展知识 drive up 驱车来到 drive into 赶进;灌输 drive back 驱车返回;迫使后退 drive off 开走;击退 drive sb. crazy/mad 使某人发疯/发狂 drive sb. to do sth. 促使某人做某事 考点. link v. 把……联系起来;连接；n. 联系;连接 Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. 最令人惊讶的是,植物有一个惊人的交流系统,可以把森林里几乎所有的植物联系起来。教材原句 拓展知识 be linked to/with 与……有联系;与……连接 link A with/to B 把A与B连接起来 link up (with) sb./sth. 与……结合/联系 考点. similar adj. 相似的,类似的 It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. 它在某些方面类似于我们使用的互联网。教材原句 拓展知识 be similar to 与……相似 be similar in 在……上相似 similarly adv. 相似地,类似地;同样地 similarity n. 相似,类似;相似之处 考点. benefit n. 益处,实惠,好处；v. 得益;获利;有益于 What do you think are the benefits of studying plant communication?(教材P58)你认为学习植物交流有什么好处?教材原句 拓展知识 (1) be of benefit to 对……有好处 for the benefit of 为了……的好处 to one’s benefit 对某人有利 benefit from 从……中获益 (2) beneficial adj. 有用的,有益的,有好处的 be beneficial to 对……有好处 考点. ...but it was the birds that interested him the most. ……但使他最感兴趣的是那些鸟。 强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分拓展知识 (1) 被强调的部分通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语;被强调部分如果是人,用that和who都可以,如果强调的是人以外的其他成分,则只能用that。 (2) 如果强调not...until...句型中until引导的时间状语,not要放到until前面。 (3) 强调句型的一般疑问句是把is或was提前;其特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+be+it+that/who+其余部分。 (4) 强调句型的辨别方式为:把it is/was及that去掉,依然是一个完整的句子;否则,就不是强调句型。 考点. How do you think the human species will evolve in the future? 你认为人类物种将来会如何进化? do you think作插入语拓展知识 (1)作主语的疑问词+do you think/suppose/believe/imagine/say/suggest+谓语+其他。 (2)非主语的疑问词+do you think/suppose/believe/imagine/say/suggest+主语+谓语+其他。 (3)该句型不受do you think的影响,始终用陈述句语序。 (4)如果插入语是do you suggest时,句子的谓语要用(should+) do。 (5)不能用yes或no来回答这样的特殊疑问句,应用完整的句子来回答。 考点. Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. 格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植物是因为它们的特性易于控制。 主语+be+adj.+动词不定式拓展知识 (1) 用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词,如hard, difficult, pleasant, easy, comfortable, interesting等。 (2) 动词不定式和句子主语在逻辑上为动宾关系,但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义;当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要加上适当的介词。 (3) 不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并由for引出。 Unit 6　 Nurturing nature 知识点一 词汇与短语 【重点单词】 1. steady adj.稳定的 → steadily adv.平稳地 2. economy n.经济→ economic adj.经济（上）的;经济学的→ economical adj. 实惠的 3. disturb v.干扰，扰乱 → disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的 → disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 4. operate vi.工作;运转&vt.操作→operator n.经营者;操作员→ operation n.手术;运转 5. conserve vt.保存 → conservation n.保存;保护 → conservationist n. （动植物或古旧建筑的）保护工作者；环境保护主义者 6. apply v.申请 → applicant n.申请人 → application n.申请 7. prefer v.较喜欢 → preference n.爱好；偏爱；优先（权） 8. qualify v.(使)具有资格；证明合格→ qualified adj.有资格的；合格的 → qualification n.技能条件；资格 9. favour n. 支持，赞同 → favourable adj. 有利的；顺利的；赞成的 10. emit v. 排放，散发；发出 → emission n. 散发物 , 排放物 【重点短语】 1. be about to do sth. 即将做某事 ※be about to do sth.when... 即将做某事，这时…… 2. overcome the challenge 克服挑战 3. among the top concerns 最受关注的问题之一 4. catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意力 5. at one’s leisure 空闲时 6. with a total length of 总长…… 7. fly by (时间)飞逝 8. make sure 确保 9. feel a sense of pride and achievement 感到一种自豪感和成就感 10. protect... from... 保护……免受…… 11. reach out 伸手 12. bring... to life 使……更有趣，使……更生动 13. thousands and thousands of 千千万万的 14. thanks to 多亏，由于 15. include doing sth. 包括做某事 16. find out 查明，弄清 17. outer space 外太空 18. under threat from 受到……的威胁 19. offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 20. in addition to 除……之外（还） 21. in favour of 支持，赞同 22. be advertised as... 被宣传为…… 23. not... but... 不是……而是…… 24. become aware of 意识到…… 知识点二 重点句式 1. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. 看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有的则停下来悠闲地吃草。 2. Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. 靠坐在座位上，我不敢相信我即将沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能的”这条铁路旅行。 3. Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.　 在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，在草地上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。 知识点三 重点知识 考点1. wind v. 蜿蜒；缠绕；上发条；使喘不过气来；n. 风；弯曲 The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”. 当我穿越“世界屋脊”时，“铁路如巨龙蜿蜒于山间”这句话显得格外生动。教材原句 拓展知识 wind up 上发条;(指人)终于到达某处,安顿;使结束(讲话等);把(尤指车窗)摇上 wind sth. into a ball 把……绕成一团 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进 wind down (指钟表)慢下来后停住;使(业务、活动等)逐步结束;把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇下 考点2. protect v. 保护 How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.教材原句 拓展知识 (1) protection n. 保护;防卫 protective adj. 保护的;防护的 protect...from/against... 保护……免遭…… under the protection of 在……的保护下 (2) 辨析：defend/guard/protect defend指“保卫,防御”,可指战争时候的防御阵地,也可指在体育比赛中的防守 guard指“守卫,监视或戒备”,通常侧重指警惕性非常高的防卫或戒备潜在的危险 protect指“保护……以免遭受危险或伤害等”,强调“保护”作用 考点3. located adj. 坐落在，位于 Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. 这是世界上海拔最高的火车站,海拔5 000多米。教材原句 拓展知识 be located at 位于……位置 locate v. 找出;设置;位于 location n. 位置;地点 on location 外景拍摄 locational adj. 位置上的 考点4. present v. 呈现；赠送；n. 现在，目前；礼物；adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. 在这样的地方,稀薄的空气、多变的天气和高强度的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。教材原句 拓展知识 at the present time = at present = now 目前;现在 be present at 出席 present sth. to sb. = present sb. with sth. 把……交给某人;把……授予某人 present sb. to sb. 把某人介绍/引见给某人 考点5. reach out 伸出 Guona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. 国纳湖离铁路那么近,近得让我想伸手去摸一下它淡蓝色的镜子般的湖面。教材原句 拓展知识 reach out to 把手伸向,表示愿意提供援助 reach out for 伸手去拿;急切寻求 reach for 伸手去拿 考点6. involve v. 包括，包含；牵涉，卷入；影响；需要 It encourages people to be responsible travelers and involves educating them about the natural world. 它鼓励人们成为负责任的旅行者,包括教育他们了解自然世界。教材原句 拓展知识 be involved in 参与;牵涉进;陷入;专注于 be/get involved with 参与;卷入 involve sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 使某人/物介入(做)某事 考点7. be concerned about/for 担心;关心;挂念 As tourism develops, people are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment. 随着旅游业的发展,人们越来越关注环境。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) concern n. 关心;忧虑；vt. 涉及;使担忧;对……感兴趣 show/express (great) concern about...　对……表示(非常)关心/担心 concern oneself with/in/about sth 忙于某事;关心某事 (2) concerned adj. 担心的,不安的 as far as...be concerned 就……而言 be concerned with 与……有牵连 (3) concerning prep. 关于,至于 考点8. lay v. 产卵;搁放;放置;铺放;涂,敷 ...in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach. ……特别是那些在白沙滩上产卵的海龟。教材原句 拓展知识 put/lay the blame (for sth.) on sb. 把(某事的)责任推到某人身上 lay out 布置,设计;铺开,展开 lay aside 搁置;储蓄 lay off 解雇;停止使用 lay up 收集;贮存 lay down 放下;规定,制定;积存 考点9. admit v. 承认;允许……进入;接纳;招收 But they also admit that building the hotel will provide more jobs for people living in the area. 但他们也承认,建造这家酒店将为居住在这一地区的人们提供更多的工作。教材原句 拓展知识 admit (to) sth./doing sth. 承认某事/做过某事 admit + that从句 承认…… admit...to be... 承认……是…… admit sb. to/into sth. 准许某人进入;准许某人加入 be admitted to/into... 被……录取;被……接纳 admission n. 承认;接纳;进入许可 考点10. accommodation n. 住处,住宿,膳宿,处所;和解,调和 The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided. 工作时间灵活,提供住宿。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) accommodation作“住宿,膳宿”讲时,常用复数形式。 (2) make accommodations for 为……提供膳宿 (3) accommodate vt. 容纳;提供……膳宿;使适应;调和,使和解 accommodate oneself to... 使自己适应…… accommodate...with... 向……提供…… 考点11. in addition to 除……之外,还…… 考点12. in favour of 赞同,支持;有利于 In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence. 除了写博客、拍照和写有关珊瑚礁的文章外,他还多次在电视上露面,为珊瑚礁进行辩护。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) in addition另外;而且(= besides = moreover = what’s more = furthermore) in addition to/besides 除……以外,还…… except/except for/except that 除了……外 apart from 除了……外 (2) in place of 代替 in need of 需要 in praise of 赞扬 in face of 面临 in charge of 负责,管理 in search of 寻找 in honour of 为向……表示敬意 in memory of 为纪念…… 考点13. become aware of 意识到,察觉到 The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area. 最重要的是,全世界的人们都意识到了这个地区的海洋之美。教材原句 拓展知识 (1) get/be aware of 意识到;觉察到 make sb. aware of 使某人意识到 be aware that/wh-clause 知道……;意识到…… (2) awareness n. 意识 raise awareness of 提高……意识 考点14. Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. 坐在座位上,我不敢相信我即将沿着曾被许多外国专家称作是“不可能(建成)的”铁路旅行。 动词-ing形式作状语拓展知识 (1)动词-ing形式作状语时,可根据其意义在其前面加上相应的连词when/while/though/if/once/even if/as long as/unless/until/since等,表示更加明确的含义。 (2)在绝大多数情况下,动词-ing形式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 (3)有少数动词-ing形式(短语)并不表示句子主语的动作,而是表示说话人的态度,被称为分词的独立成分。常用的这类独立成分有:generally speaking; according to; judging from/by; considering; frankly speaking; taking...into consideration; seeing; supposing; providing that; assuming that。 考点15. A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. 一群藏羚羊在桥下活动,有些在闲暇时停下来吃草。 with的复合结构的常见形式拓展知识 with+名词 (代词)+动词-ing形式 with+名词 (代词)+过去分词 with+名词 (代词)+形容词 with+名词 (代词)+介词短语 with+名词 (代词)+副词 with+名词 (代词)+动词不定式 考点16. Even though the owner of the company guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful surroundings, the local people are still concerned that the hotel may use up natural resources. 尽管该公司的老板保证设计与优美的环境相协调,但当地人仍然担心该酒店可能会耗尽自然资源。 even though = even if 即使,纵然;尽管,虽然拓展知识 even now/then即使在现在/那时 even so即便如此;尽管这样 连接让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, while, whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, whether...or...等。 $$