课时作业15-【名师大课堂】2025年高考英语艺术生总复习必备训练册

班 级 姓 名 课时作业(十五) Passage1 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)ChoiceofWalksfor BeginnerandExperiencedWalkers TheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalis agreatopportunityforthebeginner,experienced oradvancedwalkertoenjoythechalengesof Carlow􀆳smountainhikesorthepeaceofits woodlandwalks. Walk1—TheNaturalWorld WithenvironmentalistÉannaLamhnaas theguide,thiswalkpromisestobeaninformative tour.Walkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthe habitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs. DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at 09:00 StartPoint:ScratoesBridge WalkDuration:6hours Walk2—IntroductiontoHilwalking EmmanuelChappard,an experienced guide,hasapassionfor makingthegreat outdoorsaccessibletoal.Thismountainwalk providesaninsightintotheskilsrequiredfor hilwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfrom futurewalkingtrips. DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at 09:00 StartPoint:DeerparkCarPark WalkDuration:5hours Walk3— MoonlightUndertheStars Walkingatnight-timeisagreatwayto stepoutofyourcomfortzone.Breathtaking viewsofthelowlandsof Carlow can be enjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguides fromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手电筒) alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialfor walkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressed inappropriatelywilberefusedpermissionto participate. DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at 18:30 StartPoint:TheTownHal WalkDuration:3hours Walk4— PhotographicWalkinKilbrannish Forest ThisinformativewalkledbyRichard Smythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciples ofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyour cameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalong thiswel-surfacedforestpath. DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at 11:45 StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreation Area WalkDuration:1.5hours 1.Whichwalktakestheshortesttime? A.TheNaturalWorld. B.IntroductiontoHilwalking. C.MoonlightUndertheStars. D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2.WhatareparticipantsinWalk3requiredto do? A.Wearproperclothes. B.Joinawalkingclub. C.Getspecialpermits. D.Bringasurvivalguide. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —491— 班 级 姓 名 3.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon? A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing. B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers. C.Theysharethesamestartpoint. D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend. Passage2 (2024·北京卷)WhenIwasalittlegirl,I likeddrawing,freelyandjoyously making marksonthe walsathome.In primary school,Ilearned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing.I shaped individualletters into repeatinglines,whichwereabstractforms, delightfulbutmeaninglesspatterns. Insecondaryschool,artwasmyfavourite subject.SinceIloveditsomuchIthoughtI wasgoodatit.FortheartO-levelexamIhad topresentanoilpainting.Ifounditdifficult, butstil hopedtopass.Ifailed,withalow grade.I􀆳dbeenover-confident.NowI􀆳dbeen declaredtalentless. Butotherchannelsofcreativitystayed open:Iwentonwritingpoemsandstories. Stil,Iwenttoexhibitionsoften.Icontinued my habitual drawing, which I now characterisedaschildishdoodling(乱画).In my30s,Imadepainterfriendsandlearned new ways oflooking atart.However,I couldn􀆳tletmyselfhaveagoatactualydoing it.Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstract paintersusingoilpaints,orwereprintmakers orsculptors,Itookoilpaintingasthetaboo (禁忌)highformIwasn􀆳talowedtopractice. Onenight,inmyearly40s,Idreamed thatabig womaninredapproached me, handedmeabagofpaints,andtoldmeto startpainting.Thedreamfeltsoauthoritative thatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy, givingmebacksomethingI􀆳dlost.Accordingly,I startedbyexperimenting with watercolours. Finaly,Iboughtsomeoilpaints. AlthoughIhaveenjoyedbreaking my decades-longtabooaboutworking withoil paints,IhavediscoveredInowpreferchalks andink.Ilet mylinedrawingsturninto cartoonsIsendtofriends.Italfeelsfreeand easy.Un-anxious.Thistimearound,Ican acceptmylimitationsbutkeepgoing. Becomingasuccessfulpaintercalsfor beingresolute.IrealisedIwasalwaysafraid ofwantingtoomuch.Thatdreamreminded methatthosefearsanddesirescouldencourageme totakerisksandmakeexperiments. 1.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheresultof theartexam? A.Scared. B.Worried. C.Discouraged. D.Wronged. 2.Inher30s,theauthor . A.avoidedoilpaintingpractice B.soughtforapaintingcareer C.fanciedabstractpainting D.exhibitedchildpaintings 3.Whichwordwouldbestdescribetheauthor􀆳s dream? A.Confusing. B.Empowering. C.Disturbing. D.Entertaining. 4.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage? A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Hardworkisthemotherofsuccess. C.Dreamsarethereflectionsofrealities. D.Creativeactivitiesinvolvebeingconfident. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —591— 班 级 姓 名 Passage3 (2024·浙江1月卷)Whenwasthelast timeyouusedatelephonebox? Imeanto makeanactualphonecal — nottoshelter fromtherain.Agesagoright?ThelasttimeI usedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurpose was...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试 演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhousein London.Hopingtoimpresssometalented actorstocomeandworkformefornothing,I spreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlit candlestomakeitseemabitmore“young professional”. AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythe wastepaperbaskets,the doorswung shut behindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.My mobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewas atelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,Icaled DirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoour landlady􀆳smanagingagent,andhadaspare keysenttomewithjustenoughtimetoget backinbeforetheactorsarrived. AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlast usedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthat thenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnear myhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeen turnintoa “minicommunitylibrary”:any passer-bycan “borrow”a bookfrom its shelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceit with anothertitlefromtheirowncolection. Forafew monthsafterthe “library” opened,Ididn􀆳tbothertakingalook,asIhad assumedthatitwouldbestuffedfulofcheese lovestories.ThenInoticedforkconducting springcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminous booksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthese bookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-point encouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensof titlesthatIwouldnevernormalyconsider buying.And I􀆳ve discovered some great books! IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouse again,mylocaltelephoneboxwil,sadlyno longerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys. Butitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhile Iwaitformywifetorescueme. 1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthe firstparagraphreferto? A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse. C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox. 2.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephonebox in2006? A.Toplaceanurgentcal. B.Toputupanotice. C.Toshelterfromtherain. D.Toholdanaudition. 3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunity library”? A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree. B.Anyonecancontributetoitscolection. C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders. D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth. 4.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe“library”? A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories. B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour. C.Hefoundtherewereexcelentfreebooks. D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —691— 班 级 姓 名 Passage4 (2024·河南省新乡市高三二模)Climate changeiscausing moreareastoturninto deserts.Thisissueisaffectingthelivesof250 milionpeopleaslandthatusedtobegoodfor farming becomes dry and unproductive. Around one-third ofthe world􀆳slandis impacted,including regions in Africa, southernEurope,AsiaandAmerica. SandtoGreenisaMoroccancompany thatcantransformapatchofdesertintoa sustainable (可 持 续 的 )and profitable plantationinfiveyears,accordingto Wissal Ben Moussa,its co-founder and chief agriculturalofficer.The solutionis using agroforestry(农林业)tocreateanewkindof agriculturethatissustainableandthatcanbe resilient(有 适 应 力 的)infrontofclimate change. Thesystemcanbesetupclosetoany sourceofsaltywater,whichSandtoGreen cleansusingenergyfromthesun.Itthen growsdifferenttypesoffruittreesandplants togetherinthesamearea—amethodcaled mixedplanting—andwaterstheplants􀆳roots directly withthecleaned water,toreduce waterlosstotheair.Thesoilisregenerated using what Sand to Green cals “green manure”,amixturethatincludescompost, biochar(生物炭)andmicroorganismsthathelp thesoil “wakeup”.Biocharisaform of charcoalthatcanhelpdrysoilholdonto water. In a five-hectare trialin southern Moroccothat􀆳sbeenrunningsince2017,Sand toGreenhastriedoutavarietyofplantsin searchofthebestperformers.Amongthe intercroppingherbs (草 本 植 物)thathave been successfuly trialed are rosemary, geranium,vetiverandcitronela,whichBen Moussadescribesas“verylow-maintenance andveryhigh-profit”. SandtoGreenisnowworkingtoscaleup to a 20-hectare commercial site,also in southernMorocco.Itsaysasiteofthatsize wouldcostaround$475,000tosetupand wouldstartbringingfinancialreturnsinabout fiveyears. Accordingto Ben Moussa,withthis systemtheycreatebiodiversity,whichmeans bettersoil,healthiercropsandabiggeryield. Theplantationcangenerate1.5timesmore yield,thusmakingmoremoneythanafarm thatgrowsonlyonetypeofcropinthesame space. 1.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribe inParagraph1? A.Deforestation. B.Desertification. C.Globalwarming. D.Urbanization. 2.WhydidSandtoGreenuseagroforestry? A.Topreservethecrop􀆳ssurvivalrate. B.Toprotectwaterfrompolution. C.Tomakeanewtypeofsoil. D.Tohelppeopleadapttoclimatechange. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —791— 班 级 姓 名 3.WhatcanwelearnaboutSandtoGreen? A.Itaimstoplantmoretrees. B.Itearnsagoodreputation. C.Itdevelopsnewplants. D.Itproducesgoodresults. 4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“scaleup” meaninParagraph5? A.Expand. B.Object. C.Refer. D.Prefer. Passage5 (2024·湖南省岳阳市高三二模)Bilions ofpeopledealwithanail-bitinghabitatsome pointintheirlives.Manywil gotogreat lengthstotrytostop.Andwhilenotalofus arenail-biters,mostofusdohaveahabit we􀆳dliketokick.Sowhat􀆳sthebestwayto breakone? Researchshowsthatintentionsalone often failto lead to long-term behavior change.Thisisn􀆳ttosayyoucan􀆳tbreaka habit.Rather,byunderstandingthebasisof habits,you can create better plans for changingthem.Forexample,weknowhabits are often affected by environments and routines.Lyingin bed maycauseyouto endlessly scrol through your phone,or watchingTVonthecouchmayleadyouto grabasugarysnack. Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomanage behavioristoidentifytheselocationsortimes ofday.Thentrytomodifythembychanging yourroutineorcreatingobstaclesthatmakeit moredifficulttoperformthehabitinthat space.Moving,switching jobs,or even startinganewschedule,areparticularlygreat timestobreakahabitorbuildanewone. One 2005 study tracked university students􀆳exercising,reading,andTV-watching habitsbeforeandaftertheytransferredschools. When students were no longer around old environmentsandroutines,theirhabits,even thestrongones,significantlychanged. Forbehaviorslikenail-biting,apractice caledhabitreversaltrainingcanbehelpful. Developedbypsychologistsinthe1970s,the aimistochangeahabitbyreplacingitwith another one that􀆳s less detrimental.The trainingrequiresyoutoanalyzeandunderstand yourhabitcues,soyoucanefectivelystepinat therighttimes.Forexample,ifyoutendto biteyournailsatwork,keepafidgettoyat yourdeskinadvance.Then,ifastressful emailcomesin,usethetoywhenyoufeelthe urgetobiteyournails. Breakingahabittakestime,soremember to give yourselfgrace and have patience throughtheprocess. 1.Whydoestheauthormention“anail-biting habit”inPara.1? A.Tomakeacomparison. B.Tomakeaconclusion. C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Toattractreaders􀆳attention. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —891— 班 级 姓 名 2.Whatisthebestwaytohelpuscontrolour action? A.Havingintentionsalone. B.Understandingthebasisofhabits. C.Makingpracticalplans. D.Adaptingtheenvironmentsortimes. 3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”in Para.5probablymean? A.Harmful. B.Helpful. C.Annoying. D.Time-consuming. 4.Whichofthefolowingisthebesttitlefor thetext? A.Difficultiesindealingwithnail-biting B.Significanceofhabitreversaltraining C.Usefultipsongettingridofahabit D.Necessityofhavinggraceandpatience Passage6 (2024·湖南省张家界市高三二模)A studyexpandspositiveevidenceforanew screeningtoolthatdirectlyengagespreschool childrenduringclinicvisitstoassesstheir earlyliteracy skils.Thetoolcaled The ReadingHouse (TRH),isthefirstofits kind.Ithasthepotentialtoidentifyreading difficultiesasearlyaspossible,accordingto researchersatCincinnatiChildren􀆳sHospital MedicalCenter. TRHisanassessmentdevelopedbyJohn Huttonandhisteamforkidsagedfrom3to 5.Screeningtakesjustaboutfiveminutesand assessesperformancelevelsforkidsaged from3to5.Itaddressesasignificantgapin waystoscreenearlyliteracyskilsefficiently anddirectly.Thetool,whichisfunforkids, couldbeusedinplaceslikeprimarycareor preschoolsettings.Thescreening measures coreskilstypicalyappearinginthepreschool agerange,including vocabulary,rhyming, alphabetknowledgeandprintconcepts.Al areskilspredictiveofreadingsuccessand oftenassociatedwithreadingdifficulties. Thestudyinvolved70healthychildren— 34boysand36girls-between3and5years oldfromvarioussocioeconomicbackground. Thechildrencompletedstandardizedtestsof importantliteracyskils:vocabulary,rhyming aridrapidautomatizednaming.Fifty-twoof thesechildren also successfuly completed MRI(磁共振成像),includingthemeasurementof thegraymattersurfaceoftheirbrains.The thickercortex (皮 质),particularlyinleft- sidedareassupportinglanguageandreading, hasbeenassociatedwithhigherskilsthatare predictiveofreadingoutcomes. Many children arrive at kindergarten unpreparedtolearntoread,especialythose fromminorityandeconomicalypoorbackgrounds -estimated atover50% ofchildrenfrom disadvantagedbackgroundsinthe U.S.and over25%overal.“Byscreeningearlyduring clinicvisits,wecantargetefectiveinterventions that help these children better prepare for kindergartenandimprovereadingoutcomes- literaly,snapingtheinbrainstoread.”said Hutton. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —991— 班 级 姓 名 1.Whatmightbethepurposeofcreating TRH? A.Toidentifythebestreadingappsfor kids. B.Todeveloppreschoolkids􀆳literacyskils. C.Todiscoverkids􀆳readingproblemsearly. D.Tostudykeyfactorsinkids􀆳development. 2.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewscreening tool? A.Itlacksreliability. B.Ithasoperationaladvantages. C.Itcoversawidertargetgroup. D.It􀆳smodeledafterconventionaltools. 3.Whichparticipantsmaybemorecapableof reading? A.Olderchildrenfromminoritygroups. B.Younger children from economicaly advancedareas. C.Childrenwithcomplexcorticalpatterns intheirbrains. D.Childrenwiththethickercortexinthe left-sidedareasoftheirbrains. 4.WhatattitudedoesHuttonhavetoTRH? A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Uncertain. D.Conservative. Passage7 (2024·湖南省高三九校联盟第二次联 考)One of the world􀆳s greenest office buildingswil formalyopenitsdoorsthis week.It􀆳saprojectoftheenvironmentaly progressiveBulittFoundation.Itsambitionis bold:toshowcaseanentirelyself-sustaining officebuildinghopingthatotherswilcreate similarprojects. Thefirstthingthatstrikesyouaboutthe newBulittCenterisanemphasisonwalking. “Inabuildingthissize,anyplaceelsein Seattleitwouldhavetwoelevators.Here,the stairwayisobviousandattractive,”saysDenis Hayes,CEOofthefoundation.Heexplains thereisanelevator,butit􀆳swel-hidden.The staircaseencouragesexerciseandtheconcept helpscutdownonenergyuse. Thisisone ofdozens ofvisionary decisionsthatwentintothisbuilding.“Ithas eyes,ears,anervoussystemandabrainandit respondstoitsenvironmentinawaythat seekstooptimize(优化)things,”hesays.He pointsacrossthestreettoa miniweather station.Itsendsdatatothebuildingsoitcan decidewhatitshoulddotoconserveenergy. “Ithinkit􀆳sfairtosaywewerealabit skeptical in the beginning,”says Chris Rogers,thefounderofafirmincooperation withthefoundation.Rogersandtheothersset outtomeettheambitiousgoalsoftheLiving BuildingChalenge,agreenbuildingstandard setbylocalarchitects. Clearlythisbuildingisnotforeveryone. Ifyouthinkofitassimplyanofficebuilding, itwasrelativelypriceytodesignandbuild. Butif you view it as a laboratory,an educationalcenterandaboldefforttochange howthingsarebuilt,thecalculationchanges. Stil,onecouldwonder,isitpossibleto build more with similar self-sustaining featuresatareasonablecost?Ifthisbuilding isn􀆳treproducible,thenthisexperimentwil 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —002— 班 级 姓 名 have failed,says Rogers.But if it is successful,he􀆳soptimisticotherswilfolow thefoundation􀆳slead.Rogerspointsoutthat overthepastcoupleofdecades,manybuilders havebeenintegratinggreenelementsinto theirbuildings. 1.Whatmotivatesthedesignerstohighlight thestairway? A.Tobeautifythebuilding. B.Toofferconvenience. C.Tohidetheelevator. D.Toconserveenergy. 2.Which description bestsummarizesthe BulittCenteraccordingtoParagraph3? A.Alivingorganism. B.Afirstresponder. C.Abrainsystem. D.Adatabase. 3.WhichargumentdoesChrisRogershold probably? A.Itisreasonabletoholddoubtinthe building􀆳sfuture. B.The building has been inspired by previousefforts. C.The reproduction ofthe building is crucial. D.Thebuildingstandsforaprogressive force. 4.Whichofthefolowingcanbethebesttitle forthetext? A.LookInsideTheWorld􀆳sGreenestBuilding B.The Outlook For Green BuildingsIs Promising C.HowCanWeBuildMoreGreenBuildings? D.WilThisSuperGreenBuildingBeCopied? Passage8 (2024·山东省菏泽市高三一模)Aman ridesatfulspeedonasingle-wheeledbike, leaningbackonaseatfixedabovearecycled tyreasheperformswheelies (杂 技).This machineisjustoneofmanycrazyinventions from MakeItExtreme,aYouTubechannel runbyMichaelMavrosandGeorgeShiailis, twobestfriendswhouseold materialsto create unique and innovative mechanical projects. ThepartnersofthisDIYdesignmakethe inventionstopromotethejoysofmechanical engineeringandinspirecreativityinothers. On MakeItExtreme,theytransform everydayobjectsandvehiclesintoextreme versions of themselves,pushing creative boundariesintheprocess.Theybuildand designtheirprojects,filmandedittheentire process,thenfinalyshowcasetheresults. “By passionately craftingfurniture, engines,tools,toysandvehicleswhileusing ourimagination,wetrytoofferinnovative solutionstovariousmechanicalchalenges,” explainsMavros,“We􀆳vesharedthispassion sinceourearlyyears,andnow,throughour channel,weshareitwith milionsofother peopleinaneasilyunderstandableway.” Forits100thvideo,MakeItExtreme introducedthe Monotrackbike,constructed entirelyfromrecycledandoldmaterials.They utiliseda100cctwo-strokeenginefromanold scooter(摩托车),cuttingthesidewalsofa usedcartyreandfittingitaroundarecycled 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —102— 班 级 姓 名 motor.Thebikereflectstheircommitmentto sustainabilityandcreativity,purelyforthejoy andcuriosityitbrings. “TheideafortheMonotrackbikecame fromanoldwartimephotowherewesawa similarvehicle,”saysMavros,“Ourcreations areofteninspiredbythingswe􀆳veencountered before.Forexample,the Monowheel,wherea personsitsinsideahugewheel,wasinspired bysimilarvehiclesfromdecadesago,andour tankchairstemmedfromtheideaofcreating anaccessibleadventurevehicleforpeople withlimitedmobility.” MakeItExtremenowhasalmosttwo milionsubscriberswhoareeagertotunein every month to see the partners􀆳latest invention.And Mavrospromisesthat2025 wilseethemcreatetheirmostdaringproject yet. 1.WhydoMavrosandShiailisrun MakeIt Extreme? A.Tomakeprofits. B.Toearnpopularity. C.Todevelophobby. D.Toawakeninnovation. 2.What do wethink oftheirinventions accordingtoParagraph5? A.Practical. B.Eco-friendly. C.Costly. D.Convenient. 3.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout? A.Whytheoldthingswereused. B.WheretheMonowheelwasfound. C.Whattheirinspirationsoriginatedfrom. D.HowtheMonotrackbikewasinvented. 4.Whatcan welearn from Mavros and Shiailisinthetext? A.Nothingisimpossible. B.Hardworkwilpayoff. C.Successneedsperseverance. D.Manyhandsmakelightwork. Passage9 (2024·河北省 T8联盟高三二模)Itis naturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheir parentsattimesandtoblamethemformost ofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.They havealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly, thattheirparentsareoutoftouch with modernways;thattheydonottrusttheir childrentodealwithcrisis;thattheytalktoo muchaboutcertainproblems;andthatthey havenosenseofhumor,atleastinparent- childrelationships. Ithink itis true that parents often underestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalso forgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenannoytheirparents withtheirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,in theentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheir motive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworld intowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.So theycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown. Then it turns out that their music or entertainersorclothesorhairstylesannoy their parents.This givesthem additional enjoyment.Atleastinasmal way,theyare leadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareproud,becauseyour parentscan􀆳tchangewhatyoudo.Iftheydo approve,itlooksasifyouarebetraying(背 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —202— 班 级 姓 名 叛)yourownagegroup.Butinthatcase,you areassumingthatyouareanunderdog:you can􀆳twin,butatleastyoucankeepyour honor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingat things.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsif you werecompletely underyour parents􀆳 controlinyourchildhood.Butitignoresthe factthat you should be responsible for yourself. Frommyteachingexperienceforages,I wanttogiveyouyoungpeoplethefolowing advicethatperhapscanhelpdealwiththe generationgapproperly.Ifyouplantocontrol yourlife,co-operationcanbepartofthat plan.Youcancharmyourparentsintodoing thingsthewayyouwant.Youcanimpress themwithyoursenseofresponsibility,sothat theywilgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhat youwanttodo. 1.Whatcanweknowfromtheyoungpeople􀆳s viewsinParagraph1? A.Parentsarelackinginhumorandlike talkingalot. B.Parentsalwaysknow muchandkeep pacewiththetimes. C.Parentsshouldberesponsibleforalthe misunderstandings. D.Parentsbelievetheirchildren􀆳sabilityto solveanyproblems. 2.Whatcan beinferred abouttheyoung peopleinParagraph3? A.Theyfindextrafunfromtheirannoying actions. B.Theyarequitecontenttobeawayfrom theadultsociety. C.Theymakeful useoftheirmusicto speeduptheirlives. D.Theyalwaysannoytheirparentsinorder toenjoymusic. 3.Whichofthefolowingistheclosesttothe meaningoftheunderlinedword“underdog” inParagraph4? A.Lovelydog. B.Failure. C.Partner. D.Looker. 4.Whatdoestheauthordoaccordingtothe text? A.Acapablechef. B.Afamouswriter. C.Aseniorteacher. D.Atrustedentertainer. Passage10 (2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)Ihadto saysomethingafterreading The Anxious Generation.Itisgoingtosel wel ,because JonathanHaidtistelingascarystoryabout children􀆳sdevelopmentmanyparentsareled to believe.However,the book􀆳s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiringourchildren􀆳sbrainsandcausingthe epidemic (流 行 病)of mentalilnessis unsupportedbyscience.Worse ,therude proposalthatsocialmediaistoblamemight distract(分心)usfromeffectivelyresponding totherealcausesofthecurrentmental-health crisisinyoungpeople. Researchershavesearchedfortheeffects suggestedbyHaidt.Ourefortshaveproduceda mixofno,smalandmixedassociations.Most 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —302— 班 级 姓 名 dataarecorrelative.Whenassociationsover timearefound,theysuggestnotthatsocial- mediausepredictsorcausesdepression,but thatyoungpeoplewhoalreadyhavemental- health problemsusesuch platforms more oftenorindifferentwaysfromtheirhealthy peers. Wearenotalonehere.Severalanalyses andsystematicreviewscentralizeonthesame message.Ananalysisdonein72countries showsnoconsistentormeasurableassociations betweenwel-beingandsocialmediaglobaly. Moreover,studiesfromsomeauthoritiesfind noevidenceofintensechangesassociatedwith digital-technologyuse. Asapsychologiststudyingchildren􀆳sand adolescents􀆳 mental health,I appreciate parents􀆳frustration(沮 丧)anddesirefor simpleanswers.Asaparentofadolescents,I wouldalsoliketoidentifyasimplesourcefor thepainthisgenerationisreporting.There are,however,nosimpleanswers.Thebeginning anddevelopmentofmentaldisordersaredriven byacomplexsetofgeneticandenvironmental factors. Moreyoungpeoplearetalkingopenly abouttheirmental-healthstrugglesthanever before.Butinsufficientservicesareavailable toaddresstheirneeds.IntheUnitedStates, thereis,onaverage,oneschoolpsychologist forevery1,119students.Wehaveagenerationin crisisandindesperateneedofthebestofwhat science and evidence-based solutions can offer.Unfortunately,ourtimeisbeingspent teling stories that are unsupported by researchandthatdolittletosupportyoung peoplewhoneed,anddeserve,more. 1.WhatispresentedinTheAnxiousGeneration? A.Scarystoriesaffectchildren􀆳sbrains. B.Parentsareresponsibleforchildren􀆳s health. C.Teen􀆳smentalilnessresultsfromscreen time. D.The epidemic of mental ilness is unavoidable. 2.Whatdoes“thesamemessage”underlined inParagraph3referto? A.Manycountriesdoresearchin mental health. B.Wel-beingandsocialmediaareclosely related. C.Theyoungaretrappedinthemental- healthcrisis. D.Social media don􀆳tnecessarily cause mentalilness. 3.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph? A.Effectiveactionsneedtobetaken. B.Positivestoriesshouldbeshared. C.Financialsupportneedstobeprovided. D.Broaderresearchshouldbedone. 4.Whatistheauthor􀆳spurposeinwritingthe text? A.Tosuggestwaystohelpthoseinneed. B.Toencourageparentstobravethecrisis. C.Torecommendanewly-publishedbook. D.Togiveavoicetochildren􀆳smentalissues. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —402— employed,此处为非谓语动词,此处用track“跟踪”的不 定 式,作目的状语。故填totrack。 3.it 考查代词。句意:它已经从海洋中收集了超过1.07万 吨的废弃塑料,使其成为中国最大的海洋塑料垃圾处理项 目。此 处 用 代 词it,指 代 前 面 提 到 的theBlueCircleof China,作making的宾语。故填it。 4.solution 考查名词。句 意:今 年 的 地 球 冠 军 之 一,中 国 蓝 圈,已经找到了一个很好的解决方案来解决这个问题。根据 该空前的冠词a可知,此处用名词solution“解决方案”,作 hasfound的宾语。故填solution。 5.benefits 考查名词复数。句意:塑料改变了人们的日常生 活,给社会带来了许多好处。根据空前的定语 many可知, 此处用 所 给 名 词 benefit“好 处”的 复 数 形 式 benefits,作 produced的宾语。故填benefits。 6.turns 考查动词的时态。句意:但全球每年产生约4.3亿 吨塑料,其中三分之二很快成为废物。turnout“生产”。结 合语境可知本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时,且主语为 theworld,故谓语用第三人称单数形式turns。故填turns。 7.which 考查定语从句。句意:但全球每年产生约4.3亿吨 塑料,其中三分之二很快成为废物。分析句子结构可知,该 句是由“介 词+关 系 代 词”引 导 的 定 语 从 句,先 行 词 为 around80miliontonsofplastic,指物,故用关系代词which。 故填which。 8.for 考查介词。句意:到2040年,与塑料生产、使用和处置 相关的碳排放量将占全球温室气体排放量的近五分之一。 accountfor意 为“(数 量 或 比 例 上)占”,为 固 定 短 语。故 填for。 9.significant 考查形容词。句意:环境署地球卫士奖旨在表 彰其行动对环境产生重大影响的个人、团体和组织。分析该 句成分可知,用形容词形式significant“重大的”,作定语,修 饰名词impact。故填significant。 10.highest 考查形容词最高级。句意:一年一度的地球卫士 奖是联合国在环境方面的最高荣誉。结合语境和空格前的 定冠词the可 知,该 处 需 用 形 容 词 high的 最 高 级 形 式 highest“最高的”,作定语,修饰名词environmentalhonour。 故填highest。 课时作业(十五) Passage1 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛 秋季徒步节的几种步行方案,及其日期、起点和步行时间等相 关细节。 1.D 细节理解题。通读全文,根据文章所给出的四种方案中 的“WalkDuration(步行时间)”部分比较可知,“Walk4— PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest(步 行4———基 尔 布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时,用时最 短。故选D项。 2.A 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 文 章“Walk3— MoonlightUnder theStars(步行3———星光下的月光)”部分中的“Thosewho aredressedinappropriately wil berefusedpermissionto participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知,第三种步 行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。 3.D 细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“DateandTime (日期和时间)”部分比较可知,这四种方案都被安排在周末。 故选D项。 Passage2 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直 喜欢绘画,但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低,作者对绘画失去 了信心。在40岁出头时,一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并 接受了自身局限性的故事。 1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段“Ifounditdifficult,butstil hopedtopass.Ifailed,withalowgrade.I􀆳dbeenover- confident.NowI􀆳dbeendeclaredtalentless.(我觉得很难,但 仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过,而且成绩很低。我过于自 信了。现在,我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下 文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知,作者对美术考试的 结果感到气馁。故选C。 2.A 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 三 段“Inmy30s,Imadepainter friendsandlearnednewwaysoflookingatart.(在我30多 岁时,我结交了画家朋友们,学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和 “Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstractpaintersusingoil paints,orwereprintmakersorsculptors,Itookoilpainting asthetaboo(禁忌)highformIwasn􀆳talowedtopractice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师,或者是版画 家或雕塑家,但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式,不允许我练 习)”可知,作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 3.B 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 四 段 “Thedream feltso authoritativethatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy, givingmebacksomethingI􀆳dlost.(这个梦给我的感觉是如 此的权威,它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式,让我回我失 去了的东西)”可 知,作 者 的 梦 赋 予 作 者 练 习 油 画 的 力 量。 故选B。 4.D 推理判断题。根据第六段“Becomingasuccessfulpainter calsforbeingresolute.IrealisedIwasalwaysafraidof wantingtoomuch.(成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意 识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知,本文主要讲 述了作者一直喜欢绘画,但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低, 作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时,一个梦让作者重 拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知, 我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信,故选D。 Passage3 【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及,电话亭渐渐 地被人们遗忘,作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷 你图书馆”,作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍,这让作 者觉得很棒。 1.B 词 句 猜 测 题。根 据 第 一 段 第 五 句“Iwasconducting auditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhousein London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本 进行试演。)”可知,此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻 专业”一点,所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So,IcaledDirectory Assistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady􀆳s managing agent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtime togetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.(所以,我打电话给电 话查号台,接通了女房东的经纪人,他们给了我一把备用钥 匙,刚好来 得 及 在 演 员 们 到 来 之 前 回 去。)”可 知,作 者 在 2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。 3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thelastonestanding hasjustbeenturnintoa ‘minicommunitylibrary’:any passer-bycan ‘borrow’abookfromitsshelvesreturnit later,orreplaceit with anothertitlefrom their own 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —272— colection.(最后一个被改造成了一个‘迷你社区图书馆’:任 何路过的人都可以从它的书架上‘借’书,以后还回来,或者 用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知,任何人都可以为“迷 你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书。故选B。 4.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“ThenInoticedfork conductingspringcleans dropping boxesofvoluminous booksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree. Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouraged metoexperiment withdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormalyconsider buying.AndI􀆳vediscoveredsomegreatbooks! (然后我注意 到福克正在进行春季大扫除,把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔 到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓 励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一 些很棒的书!)”可知,作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费 的很棒的书,所以开始使用。故选C。 Passage4 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化导致越 来越多的地区变成沙漠。这一问题正在影响2.5亿人的生活, 因为过去适合耕种的土地变得干旱和贫瘠。摩洛哥的一家公 司可以在五年内将一片沙漠变成一个可持续的、有利可图的 种植园。 1.B 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 一 段“Climatechangeiscausing moreareastoturnintodeserts.Thisissueisaffectingthe livesof250milionpeopleaslandthatusedtobegoodfor farmingbecomesdryandunproductive.Aroundone-thirdof theworld􀆳slandisimpacted,includingregionsinAfrica, southernEurope,AsiaandAmerica.”(气候变化导致越来越 多的地区变成沙漠。这一问题正在影响2.5亿人的生活,因 为过去适合耕种的土地变得干旱和贫瘠。全球约三分之一 的土地受到影响,包括非洲、南欧、亚洲和美洲地区。)可知, 作者在第一段描述了沙漠化的现象。故选B项。 2.A 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 二 段 中“Thesolutionisusing agroforestry(农林业)tocreateanewkindofagriculturethat issustainableandthatcanberesilient(有适应力的)infront ofclimatechange.”(解决方案是利用农林业来创造一种可 持续的新 型 农 业,这 种 农 业 可 以 在 气 候 变 化 面 前 具 有 弹 性。)以及第三段中“ThesoilisregeneratedusingwhatSand toGreencals ‘green manure’,a mixturethatincludes compost,biochar(生物炭)andmicroorganismsthathelpthe soil‘wakeup’.”(土 壤 的 再 生 使 用“从 沙 到 绿”所 谓 的“绿 肥”,这是一种混合物,包括堆肥、生物炭和微生物,可以帮 助土壤“苏醒”。)可知,沙改绿采用农林业是因为可以保持 作物的存活率。故选A项。 3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Amongtheintercropping herbs(草 本 植 物)thathavebeensuccessfulytrialedare rosemary,geranium,vetiver and citronela,which Ben Moussadescribesas‘verylow-maintenanceandveryhigh- profit’.”(在已成功试验的间作草药中,有迷迭香、天竺葵、 香根草和 香 茅,本 · 穆 萨 称 这 些 草 药“维 护 成 本 低,利 润 高”。)可推知,从沙到绿,我们能了解到它产生了良好的效 果。故选D项。 4.A 词义猜测题。根据第五段中“Itsaysasiteofthatsize wouldcostaround $475,000tosetupandwouldstart bringingfinancialreturnsinaboutfiveyears.”(该公司表示, 这种规模的网站将花费约47.5万美元来建立,并将在大约 五年内开始带来经济回报。)由此可知,此处为“从沙到绿”目 前正在努力扩大到20公顷的商业用地。故可猜测划线短语 scaleup为“扩大”的意思,结合选项 A项Expand“扩大”意 思一致。故选A项。 Passage5 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了如何改变 习惯,包括了环境和常规的影响,以及一些有效的方法如何改 变习惯,比如改变日常行为的时间和地点,使用习惯逆转训练 等。同时提醒读者要有耐心和恒心来改变习惯,因为这个过程 需要时间。 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Andwhilenotalofusare nail-biters,mostofusdohaveahabitwe􀆳dliketokick.So what􀆳sthebestwaytobreakone? (虽然不是所有人都是咬 指甲的人,但我们大多数人都有一个想要改掉的习惯。那么 打破它的最好方法是什么呢?)”可知,第一段以“咬指甲”这 个坏习惯为例,引出文章主题即如何改掉习惯。故选C。 2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oneofthemosteffective waystomanagebehavioristoidentifytheselocationsor timesofday.(管理行为最有效的方法之一就是确定这些地 点或时间)”可知,管理行为最好的方法之一是确定时间或地 点即适应环境或时间。故选D。 3.A 词 义 猜 测 题。根 据 下 划 线 前 面 的 内 容“Developedby psychologistsinthe1970s,theaimistochangeahabitby replacingitwithanotheronethat􀆳sless...(心理学家在20 世纪70年代提出了这种方法,目的是通过用另一种……的 习惯来改变一种习惯)”以及后文的例子“Forexample,ifyou tendtobiteyournailsatwork,keepafidgettoyatyourdesk inadvance.Then,ifastressfulemailcomesin,usethetoy whenyoufeeltheurgetobiteyournails.(举个例子,如果你 在工作时总是咬指甲,事先将一个玩耍的玩具放在你的办公 桌上。然后,如果收到一封压力大的电子邮件时,当你感到 想要咬指甲时,就使用这个玩具)”可知,如果收到一封压力 大的电子邮件时,当你感到想要咬指甲时,就使用这个玩具 这种危害性较小的行为来替代咬指甲的习惯即通过一种危 害性小的习惯来取代或者改变原有的习惯。由此划线词与 A选项“Harmful.(有害的)”为同义词。故选A。 4.C 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Andwhilenotalofusare nail-biters,mostofusdohaveahabitwe􀆳dliketokick.So what􀆳sthebestwaytobreakone? (虽然不是所有人都是咬 指甲的人,但我们大多数人都有一个想要改掉的习惯。那么 打破它的最好方法是什么呢?)”以及通读全文可知,本文主 要讲述了如何改变习惯,包括了环境和常规的影响,以及一 些有效的方法如何改变习惯。C选项“Usefultipsongetting ridofahabit(关于摆脱习惯的有用建议)”符合文章标题。 故选C。 Passage6 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究 人员研发出了一个新的工具,可以帮助预测3-5岁的小孩是 否会有阅读困难。 1.C 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 一 段 的 “Thetool,caledThe ReadingHouse(TRH),isthefirstofitskind.Ithasthe potentialtoidentifyreadingdifficultiesasearlyaspossible, accordingtoresearchersatCincinnatiChildren􀆳s Hospital MedicalCenter.(该工具名为‘阅览室’(TRH),是同类工具 中的第一 个。辛 辛 那 提 儿 童 医 院 医 学 中 心 的 研 究 人 员 表 示,它有可能尽早发现阅读困难)”可知,该工具可以确认学 龄前儿童是否会有阅读困难。故选C。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —372— 2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Screeningtakesjustabout fiveminutesandassessesperformancelevelsforkidsaged from3to5.Itaddressesasignificantgapinwaystoscreen earlyliteracyskilsefficientlyanddirectly.(筛查只需大约五 分钟,评估3至5岁儿童的表现水平。它解决了在有效和直 接筛选早期识字技能方面的一个重大差距)”可推知,该工具 有操作方面的优势———可操作性强。故选B。 3.D 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 三 段 的“Thethickercortex(皮 质),particularlyinleft-sidedareassupportinglanguageand reading,hasbeenassociated with higherskilsthatare predictiveofreadingoutcomes.(较厚的皮层,特别是在支持 语言和阅读的左侧区域,与预测阅读结果的较高技能有关)” 可知,左边大脑皮质层较厚的孩子会有较强的阅读能力。故 选D。 4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Manychildrenarriveat kindergartenunpreparedtolearntoread,especialythose fromminorityandeconomicalypoorbackgrounds-estimated atover50%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsin theU.S.andover25% overal.‘Byscreeningearlyduring clinicvisits,wecantargeteffectiveinterventionsthathelp thesechildrenbetterprepareforkindergartenandimprove readingoutcomes-literaly,snapingtheinbrainstoread.’ saidHutton.(许多孩子在上幼儿园时没有做好学习阅读的 准备,尤其是那些来自少数民族和经济贫困背景的孩子——— 据估计,在美国,超过50%的儿童来自贫困背景,总体上超 过25%。Hutton说:‘通过在诊所就诊期间尽早进行筛查, 我们可以针对有效的干预措施,帮助这些孩子更好地为上幼 儿园做准备,并改善阅读效果———实际上,就是在大脑中快 速阅读。’)”可知,Hutton认为该工具能帮助改善来自贫穷 家庭孩子的阅读,因此他是满怀希望的。故选B。 Passage7 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。本文主要是先介绍了西雅图 一栋超级环保的新建筑的相关特色,从而提出潜在的质疑和 探讨 未来类似环保建筑的发展前景。 1.D 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 二 段“Thestaircaseencourages exerciseandtheconcepthelpscutdownonenergyuse.(楼 梯鼓励锻炼,这个概念有助于减少能源消耗)”可知,设计师 对该栋建筑中楼梯的设计,是出于鼓励锻炼和减少能源消 耗的目的。故选D。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段“Ithaseyes,ears,anervous systemandabrainanditrespondstoitsenvironmentina waythatseekstooptimize(优化)things(它有眼睛、耳朵、 神经系统和大脑,并以一种寻求优化事物的方式对环境做出 反应)”可推知,BulittCenter仿佛是一个活的有机体一样。 故选 A。 3.C 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 最 后 一 段 “Ifthisbuildingisn􀆳t reproducible,thenthisexperiment wil havefailed,says Rogers.Butifitissuccessful,he􀆳soptimisticotherswil folowthefoundation􀆳slead.(罗杰斯说,如果这个建筑不能 复制,那么这个实验就失败了。但如果它成功了,他乐观地 认为其他人会跟随基金会的脚步)”可推知,该栋环保建筑 的复制推广是至关重要的。故选C。 4.D 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Oneoftheworld􀆳sgreenest officebuildingswilformalyopenitsdoorsthisweek.It􀆳sa project of the environmentaly progressive Bulitt Foundation.Itsambitionisbold:toshowcaseanentirelyself- sustainingofficebuildinghopingthatothers wil create similarprojects.(世界上最环保的办公大楼之一将于本周正 式对外开放。这是环保进步组织布利特基金会的一个项目。 它的目的是大胆的:展示一个完全自给自足的办公大楼,希 望其他人也能创造出类似的项目)”结合本文主要是先介绍 了西雅图一栋超级环保的新建筑的相关特色,从而提出潜在 的质疑和探讨未来类似环保建筑的发展前景。D项“超级绿 色建筑会被复制吗?”最具概括性,可以统摄全文。故选D。 Passage8 【语篇解读】 这 是 一 篇 说 明 文。文 章 主 要 说 明 了 Michael Mavros和GeorgeShiailis使用旧材料创造出独特而创新的机 械项目,他们想发明来促进机械工程的乐趣,并激发其他人的 创造力。 1.D 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 二 段“ThepartnersofthisDIY designmaketheinventionstopromotethejoysofmechanical engineeringandinspirecreativityinothers.(这个DIY设计 的合作伙伴通过发明来促进机械工程的乐趣,并激发其他 人 的 创 造 力)”可 知,Mavros 和 Shiailis 经 营 MakeIt Extreme是为了唤醒创新。故选D。 2.B 细节理解题。根据第五段“Forits100thvideo,MakeIt ExtremeintroducedtheMonotrackbike,constructedentirely fromrecycledandoldmaterials.(在 其 第100个 视 频 中, MakeItExtreme介绍了 Monotrack自行车,完全由回收和 旧材料制成)”可知,他们的发明是环保的。故选B。 3.C 主旨大意题。根据第六段“‘TheideafortheMonotrack bikecamefromanoldwartimephotowherewesawasimilar vehicle,’saysMavros,‘Ourcreationsareofteninspiredby things we􀆳ve encountered before.For example,the Monowheel,whereapersonsitsinsideahugewheel,was inspiredbysimilarvehiclesfromdecadesago,andourtank chairstemmedfrom theideaofcreating an accessible adventurevehicleforpeoplewithlimitedmobility.’(马夫罗 斯说:‘单轨自行车的想法来自于一张战时的旧照片,我们在 那里看到了一辆类似的车辆。我们的创作灵感往往来自于 我们以前遇到过的东西。’例如,Monowheel,一个人坐在一 个巨大的轮子里,灵感来自几十年前的类似车辆,而我们的 坦克椅源于 为 行 动 不 便 的 人 创 造 一 种 方 便 的 冒 险 车 的 想 法。)”可知,第6段的主要内容是他们的灵感来源。故选C。 4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“MakeItExtremenowhas almosttwomilionsubscriberswhoareeagertotuneinevery monthtoseethepartners􀆳latestinvention.And Mavros promisesthat2025wilseethemcreatetheirmostdaring projectyet.(MakeItExtreme现在有近200万订户,他们每 个月都渴望收看这两位合作伙伴最新发明。Mavros承诺, 2025年他们将创造出迄今为止最大胆的项目)”结合文章主 要说明了 MichaelMavros和 GeorgeShiailis使用旧材料创 造出独特而创新的机械项目,他们想发明来促进机械工程的 乐趣,并激发其他人的创造力。可推知,Mavros和Shiailis 告诉我们没有什么是不可能的。故选A。 Passage9 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。年轻人总是抱怨他们的父 母与现代生活方式脱节、不相信子女应付危机的能力、对某些 问题喋喋不休、缺乏幽默感等。作者的建议是年轻人可以用你 的责任感和进取心打动父母。那样,他们才会允许你做你想做 的事。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —472— 1.A 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 一 段 中 “Theyhavealways complained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutof touch with modern ways;thattheydonottrusttheir childrentodealwithcrisis;thattheytalktoomuchabout certainproblems;andthattheyhavenosenseofhumor,at leastinparent-childrelationships.(他们总是或多或少地抱 怨他们的父母与现代生活方式脱节,不信任孩子处理危机 的能力,对某些问题谈论太多,至少在亲子关系中没有幽默 感。)”可知,从年轻人的观点中我们可以知道父母缺乏幽默 感并且喜欢说很多话。选项A符合题意。故选A。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thisgivesthemadditional enjoyment.Atleastinasmalway,theyareleadersinstyle andtaste.(这给了他们额外的乐趣。至少在某种程度上,他 们是风格和品味的领导者。)”可以推断,年轻人从他们的烦 人行为中找到了额外的乐趣。选项A符合题意。故选A。 3.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Iftheydoapprove,itlooks asifyouarebetraying(背叛)yourownagegroup.Butin thatcase,youareassumingthatyouarean...:youcan􀆳t win,butatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.”(如果他们真的 同意了,看起来你好像背叛了自己的年龄段。但在那种情况 下,你假设自己是个……:你赢不了,但至少能保住你的荣 誉。)可知,此处上下文语境意在表明如果你按照父母的意愿 行事,会让同龄人觉得你是背叛者,而你却认为自己虽败犹 荣,因此划线词“underdog”在此处意为“失败者”。选项B符 合题意。故选B。 4.C 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 五 段 中 “From myteaching experienceforages,Iwanttogiveyouyoungpeoplethe folowingadvice(根据我多年的教学经验,我想给年轻人以 下建议)”可 知,作 者 是 一 名 资 深 教 师。选 项C符 合 题 意。 故选C。 Passage10 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。本文是对《焦虑的一代》一 书的评论,作者认为该书提出的数字技术导致儿童大脑重构 和精神健康危机的观点缺乏科学依据。作者强调,精神障碍的 成因复杂,需要基于科学和证据的解决方案,而不是简单归咎 于社交媒体。 1.C 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 一 段 中 “However,thebook􀆳s repeatedsuggestionthatdigitaltechnologiesarerewiringour children􀆳sbrainsandcausingtheepidemic (流 行 病)of mentalilnessisunsupportedbyscience.(然而,这本书一再 暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑,并导致精神健康 问题的流行,这一观点并没有得到科学的支持。)”可知,该 书重复暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑,并导致精 神健康 问 题 的 流 行。C选 项“Teen􀆳smentalilnessresults fromscreentime.(青 少 年 的 精 神 疾 病 与 看 屏 幕 时 间 有 关。)”与该描述相一致。故选C。 2.D 词 义 猜 测 题。根 据 划 线 词 前 面 的 内 容 “When associationsovertimearefound,theysuggestnotthat social-mediausepredictsorcausesdepression,butthat youngpeoplewhoalreadyhavemental-healthproblemsuse suchplatformsmoreoftenorindifferentwaysfromtheir healthypeers.(随着时间的推移,他们发现社交媒体的使用 并不是预测或导致抑郁症,而是已经有心理健康问题的年 轻人比健康的同龄人更频繁地或以不同的方式使用这些平 台。)”以 及 划 线 词 后 面 的 内 容“Ananalysisdonein72 countriesshowsnoconsistentormeasurableassociations betweenwel-beingandsocialmediaglobaly.(在72个国家 进行的一项分析显示,在全球范围内,幸福感和社交媒体之 间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。)”可知,“同样的信息”指的 是社交媒体并不一定导致心理健康问题。通过在72个国 家进行的一项分析显示,在全球范围内,幸福感和社交媒体 之间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。故划线词指代的是没有 一致或可测量的证据表明社交媒体与幸福感之间有密切关 系。故选D。 3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wehaveagenerationin crisisandindesperateneedofthebestofwhatscienceand evidence-basedsolutionscanoffer.Unfortunately,ourtimeis beingspenttelingstoriesthatareunsupportedbyresearch andthatdolittletosupportyoungpeoplewhoneed,and deserve,more.(我们这一代人正处于危机之中,迫切需要科 学和基于证据的解决方案所能提供的最好的东西。不幸的 是,我们的时间花在讲述没有研究支持的故事上,这些故事 对那些需 要、也 应 该 得 到 更 多 支 持 的 年 轻 人 几 乎 没 有 帮 助。)”可知,针对于年轻人的心理健康问题,我们正在浪费时 间讲述没有研究支持的故事,而这些故事对需要帮助的年轻 人并没有帮助,这暗示我们需要采取有效的行动来解决这个 问题。故选A。 4.D 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 一 段 中“Ihadtosaysomething afterreadingTheAnxiousGeneration.Itisgoingtoselwel ,becauseJonathan Haidtistelingascarystoryabout children􀆳sdevelopment manyparentsareledtobelieve. However,the book􀆳s repeated suggestion that digital technologiesarerewiringourchildren􀆳sbrainsandcausingthe epidemic(流行病)ofmentalilnessisunsupportedbyscience. (读完《焦虑的一代》后,我不得不说些什么。这本书将会畅 销,因为乔纳森·海特特讲述了一个许多父母都倾向于相信 的关于儿童发展可怕的故事。然而,书中反复暗示数字技术 正在重新连接我们孩子的大脑,并导致精神疾病的流行,这 一观点并没有科学支持。)”以及最后一段中“Unfortunately, ourtimeisbeingspenttelingstoriesthatareunsupported byresearchandthatdolittletosupportyoungpeoplewho need,anddeserve,more.(不幸的是,我们的时间花在讲述没 有研究支持的故事上,这些故事对那些需要、也应该得到更 多支持的年轻人几乎没有帮助。)”以及通读全文可知,整篇 文章都在批评一本书的观点,并强调需要科学和证据支持的 解决方案,而不应该把时间浪费在没有科学研究支持的结论 中,由此表明作者的目的是引起人们对儿童心理健康问题以 及真正引发其该问题的原因进行关注和理解。D选项“To giveavoicetochildren􀆳smentalissues.(为孩子们的心理问 题发声。)”符合作者的目的。故选D。 课时作业(十六) (一) 【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了当代中国年轻 人的新中式养生。 1.A 上 文“Asthepursuitofwelnessbecomesanessential pastimeformanyyoungpeople,atrendknownas ‘New Chinese-style Welness’has taken over social media platforms.(随着追求健康成为许多年轻人必不可少的消遣 方式,一种被称为‘新中国式健康’的潮流席卷了社交媒体平 台)”提到新中式养生作为一种新型养生潮流在社交媒体走 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 —572—