2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空（说明文、议论文）导学案

高三英语大单元整体学习二轮复习学程 完形填空专项（说明文议论文） Cloze 审核：__________ 审批：__________ 年级：__________ 班级：__________ 小组：__________ 姓名：__________ Cloze 2023-2024高三英语完形填空专项（说明文议论文） 单元概述 【课标要求】 1. 从语篇中提取主要信息和观点，理解语篇要义； 2. 理解语篇中显性或隐形的逻辑关系； 3. 把握语篇的结构以及语言特征； 4. 抓住语篇中的关键概念和关键细节； 5. 根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义； 6. 识别语篇中的内容要点和相应的支撑论据； 7. 在语境中学习词汇； 8. 根据语篇中的核心词等，理解段落或句子之间的内在衔接； 9. 批判性地审视语篇涉及的文化现象、价值取向、语篇的结构和语篇的连贯性。 英语一核四层四翼在完形填空专项中的体现 一核 为什么考 围绕“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”, 选取语篇主题积极向上，语篇联系生活、有思维含量，话题涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、当代社会科学的最新发展各个方面。 四层 考 什 么 核心价值 完形填空题材多样化，遵循“文章内容体现生活化”的原则，传递正能量。从 “人与自然、人与社会、人与自我” 三大主题语境全面考查学生综合运用英语能力，在巩固德育、坚守智育的基础上，加强对健康意识、审美情趣和劳动精神的考查。 学科素养 考查目标：考查在语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力；考查根据试题内容进行正确逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括等阅读理解能力。 考查方向：结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握, 降低对单词本身词义的考查要求，将考查的重点放在理解全文、通篇考虑、掌握大意、注重关联方面。 关键能力 1. 在语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力； 2. 对文章总体框架的理解和思辨能力； 3. 根据语篇进行正确逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概况等阅读理解能力； 4. 词义辨析能力； 5. 根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义。 必备知识 1. 完形填空的选材均来源于英美国家的正规网站和英美主流主刊等。在进行素材文字处理和段落取舍时，特别注重文章情节的完整性、信息的丰富性、语言文字的地道性和文化背景的真实性。 2. 英语新课标3500词汇的基本用法，及其熟词生义、一词多义的用法； 3. 常用句式表达； 4. 语块在语境中的准确理解与分析。 四翼 怎 么 考 基础性 完形填空文中没有生僻词，语言简单，长句不多；对熟词生义,一词多义进行适度考查。从词义辨析的角度来看，其中大部分题目都可以利用较小的语境和词汇的辨析来解决；从词汇难度来看，初中所学词汇占据大半，即便是高中阶段所学的词汇,也基本在必修范围之内。聚焦完形填空核心考点——逻辑推理，对综合判断和分析概括等进行考查。 综合性 高考完形填空题材多元化，遵循“文章内容体现生活化”的原则，传递正能量。语篇以“人与社会”与“人与自我”主题语境为主，体裁以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议文、说明文和议论文，通过恰当的选词，熟悉语篇结构，根据句内层次、句间层次和语篇层次，通过对文章总体框架的理解和思辨能力，破解问题。 应用性 高考完形填空遵循 “以实词为主、虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化” 的命题原则,通过巧妙设题，侧重考查考生在语篇中对词汇的综合运用能力。因此在备考过程中,应选择规范设题的材料，牢固掌握词汇的基本用法,及其熟词生义、一词多义的用法;多进行一些思维含量高的语用活动,通过语言的运用,在培养思维能力的同时带动语言知识的学习。 创新性 1. 语篇取材越来越多元化，设问情境也不断创新。根据所选素材创设不同的生活实践情境和学习探索情境，丰富题型设计和设问方式。 2. 语篇贴近生活实际，突出考查学生使用英语学习和思辨活动，达到接近实际问题的能力。 命题分析 说明文 说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识,进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。 说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来说明情况、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过介绍情况、说明事物的特征，给人以正确思想或科学知识。 说明文完形填空一般的结构模式是：提出问题－发现直接原因－分析深层原因－得出结论或找到出路。考查学生对语言材料的理解能力、分析判断能力和逻辑思维能力。说明文的写作目的是授人以知，让人明白，说明文只是说明事物的特征，阐明原理，介绍知识。考生容易摸清文章线索，抓住主题。 议论文 议论型完形填空有以下特点： 1、首句制胜，论点明确 议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 2、结构清晰，脉络有序 议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence等。 3、按一定的方法论证 议论型完形填空中的论点都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，进而推断出这类事物的共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，先分析说明，后得出结论）；驳论法 （阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。 应试技巧 说明文 1．利用说明文首句，明确说明对象 2．关注内在联系，把握说明顺序 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。 3．逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项 对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。 议论文 议论型完形填空的应试技巧 1、叙议有机结合 对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来。有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们只顾选某一部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。 2 、遵循狠抓首句原则 对于议论型完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下抓住每段的首句是做好试题的关键。一项调查表明，英语中60%到90%的议论文的主旨句都是段落的首句。抓住了每段的首句，再理解文章就容易多了。 3、 理清文章的论点、论据和结论 议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比，稍微难了一些。一般来说，记叙文是按时间的先后顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件发生和发展的过程，就能将文章脉络把握好。然而议论型完形填空就不那么简单了，如果我们不清楚文章的论点、论据和结论，就只能莽撞地答题了，其结果可想而知。所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。 【单元目标】 1. Figure out how Cloze will be tested in NCEE and analyze the characteristics of the passages. 2. Summarize useful words and chunks and accumulate more good expressions by exploring more passages. 3. Assess your progress by completing all the passages and summarize the ways of doing the cloze. 【学时建议】 Stage Overall Construction Exploration & Transfer Extension & Test Period 2 4 2 【单元学习目标追求】 ( Overall Construction ) 【Learning Objectives】 1. Figure out the examination requirements of Cloze test. 2. Figure out how the expository and argumentative cloze essays are examined in the college entrance examination. 3. Summarize how to do expository and argumentative cloze. Activity 1. Construct the examination requirements of Cloze test. No.1答题卡：41. _____________46._____________51. ___________56. ____________ No.2答题卡：1. ______________6.______________11. ___________16. _____________ No.3答题卡：1. _____________ 6.____________ 11. ___________ 16______________ No.4答题卡：16. ____________21.____________ 26. ____________31. ____________ No.1 【2022·全国乙卷】 Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___41___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___. For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___44___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___45___ research results in child developmental psychology ___46___ that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC．Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___48___. We then asked the child if she could ___49___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same _____50_____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: _____51_____ children said that they couldn’t _____52_____ to her. A number of _____53_____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects _____54_____ the questions and knew _____55_____ what was asked of them. Their _____56_____ to the questions reflected their true _____57_____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply _____58_____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our _____59_____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _____60_____ when others use it. 41．A．following B．taking C．escaping D．directing 42．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick 43．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced 44．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted 45．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising D．desired 46．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested 47．A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor 48．A．feet B．nose C．hands D．ears 49．A．see B．help C．reach D．fool 50．A．event B．thing C．action D．accident 51．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once 52．A．speak B．listen C．turn D．wave 53．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions 54．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored 55．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely D．exactly 56．A．responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity 57．A．ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose 58．A．hold back B．relate to C．insist on D．make up 59．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings 60．A．tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective No.2 2019年 全国卷III   The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 1  six months out of the year.     "Of course, we 2  it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 3 , but down in the valley it's darker — it's like on a 4 day.”     But that 5  when a system of high-tech 6  was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 7  their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that   9  them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10  and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's central 11 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together.     "People have been 13  there and standing there and taking 14  of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all 16  the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 18  residents.     "It's not very 19 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 20 .” 1. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely 2. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice 3. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide 4. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm 5. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered 6. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras 7. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined 8. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use 9. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows 10. A. day B. night C. month D. year 11. A. library B. hall C. square D. street 12. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped 13. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting 14. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold 15. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent 16. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store 17. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly 18.A. nature-loving B.energy-saving C.weather-beaten D. sun-starved 19. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy 20. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing No.3 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷 As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ____1____at work in people of all _____2____. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___3____with their new toys. But their ___4_____soon wear off and by January those_____5____toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_____6____stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ____7_____interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child____8____bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the___9____of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great____10___but soon looking forward to_____11___. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many____12_____, who complain about the long drives to work, ____13_____drove for hours at a time when they first_____14____ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually ___15____to do a lot of___16__things, which never had __17___while working. But ____18____after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ___19____. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new____20_____. 1. A.principle B.habit C.way D.power 2. A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages 3. A.working B.living C.playing D.going 4. A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow 5. A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive 6. A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled 7. A.broad B.passing C.different D.main 8. A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly 9. A.promise B.burden C.right D.game 10. A.courage B.calmness C.confusion D.excitement 11. A.graduation B.independence C.responsibility D.success 12. A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees 13. A.carefully B.eagerly C. nervously D.bravely 14. A.required B.obtained C.noticed D.discovered 15. A.need B.learn C.start D.plan 16. A.great B.strange C.difficult D.correct 17. A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge 18. A.only B.well C.even D.soon 19. A.lost B.choose C.left D.quit 20. A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues No.4 2022年浙江卷6月 Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ . I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down. ___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good ___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment. 16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know 17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that 18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment 19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important 20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility 21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier 22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name 23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student 24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect 25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce 26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful 27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example 28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine 29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately 30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership 31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand 32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget 33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack 34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending ( Learning notes , summa ry and reflecti on : )35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education ( Exploration & Transfer ) 【Learning objectives】 1. Apply the instructions for doing the cloze in the following new passages within given time. 2. Explore how to make reasonable inference and read for information by analyzing the context in the passages in groups. 3. Reflect on your group work and voice your opinions about the methods of doing the exercises. Activity 2 Explore how to do the cloze with comments by reading and fishing the following passages. Passage 1（2023·广东揭阳高三统考）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 1-5________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ Do you sometimes ignore your mom while chatting with friends？If you’re a teen，that’s fairly __1__. And new research may explain why so many __2__ tune out their mom’s voices. Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices. But as they grow up，everything __3__.Teenagers’ brains are more tuned in to strangers’ voices. Researchers scanned the brains of 7­ to 16­year­olds as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women. The words were purely __4__：teebudieshawlt，keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. As the kids listened，certain parts of their brains became __5__.This was especially true in brain regions that help us to __6__ rewards and pay attention. This __7__ usually happens between ages 13 and 14. The brain seems to __8__ new needs that come with youth. As we __9__，our survival depends less and less on mom’s support. __10__，we rely more and more on our __11__—friends and others closer to our own age. However，these areas in the youthful brain don’t stop __12__ mom. It’s just that unfamiliar voices become more __13__ and worthy of attention. Mothers’ voices still have special power，especially in times of stress. Studies also showed that levels of stress hormones(荷尔蒙) __14__ when stressed­out girls heard their moms’ voices on the phone. So while both teens and their parents sometimes feel frustrated by missed messages，that’s okay.“That’s the way the brain is __15__，and there’s a good reason for it.” 1．A. strange B．rare C．common D．impossible 2．A.schoolboys B．teenagers C．adults D．girls 3．A.changes B．matters C．evolves D．counts 4．A.complicated B．meaningful C．nonsense D．nonstop 5．A.numb B．small C．calm D．active 6．A.record B．design C．detect D．process 7．A.action B．shift C．ability D．function 8．A.adapt to B．appeal to C．apply to D．attach to 9．A.struggle B．advance C．shrink D．mature 10．A.Once B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Besides 11．A.strangers B．competitors C．partners D．peers 12．A.keeping out B．responding to C．working with D．turning down 13．A.rewarding B．impressive C．comfortable D．reasonable 14．A.varied B．dropped C．topped D．remained 15．A.fixed B．supplied C．balanced D．wired Passage 2（2023·湖北武汉、武昌模拟预测）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 1-5________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ More than anything，this is a book about unconditional love—a bond between a caring woman and a loyal dog. Harley’s Harlequin Heart written by Christy Jaeger and __1__ through the narration(叙述) of Harley, shows why the power of love can overcome the __2__ that is part of every life journey. Harley takes us along on all his __3__ with his owner Jaeger—from growing up，being trained，to going to dog shows. Then one day, Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer. Fortunately，there’s enough time to explore __4__.“Jaeger told me everyone has a sixth sense，which __5__ them when something’s not right. Looking back，I’m glad she paid attention to her __6__ warning.” Through surgery，this smart dog __7__.It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears. But chances of __8__ look promising. After this experience，Harley __9__ realizes that when someone has cancer，the entire family will __10__.However，all the people playing a part in the process form an unbreakable connection. Harley’ s __11__ with cancer might concern adults considering reading this book with their children. But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective that there is so much more reason to __12__ this book. Besides，it helps greatly that the book has a(n) __13__ ending. As Jaeger notes，“The book spreads love to us. This small element can be __14__ in the human and animal worlds.” Love can defeat all. That __15__ couldn’t be any clearer than in this wonderful book. 1．A.explained B．presented C．designed D．included 2．A.misfortune B．unease C．inconvenience D．discomfort 3．A.packages B．dreams C．burdens D．adventures 4．A.mysteries B．problems C．cures D．challenges 5．A.forbids B．hits C．informs D．warns 6．A.active B．inner C．useful D．sudden 7．A.pushes through B．bends down C．cheers up D．gets off 8．A.success B．recovery C．victory D．survival 9．A.innocently B．automatically C．gradually D．accidentally 10．A.suffer B．behave C．perform D．delay 11．A.battling B．competing C．continuing D．mixing 12．A.possess B．close C．share D．print 13．A.sad B．happy C．ridiculous D．unusual 14．A.decisive B．logical C．attractive D．influential 15．A.meaning B．principle C．message D．expression Passage 3（2016·上海卷）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 1-5________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers. Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot. A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them. 1. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 2. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 3. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise 4. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 5. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 6. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply 7. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression 8. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 9. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 10. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 11. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared 12. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally 13. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure 14. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 15. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Passage 4（2023·衡中同卷调研卷）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 1-5________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ People in healthy relationships love and support each other. They are __1__ for each other in both good and bad times. Interpersonal relationships __2__ a range of your physical and emotional needs. Firstly，healthy relationships with your family members can make everyone feel good about themselves and __3__ your life. There’re then __4__ interpersonal relationships. These include acquaintances，neighbors and others who you interact with on a regular basis. __5__，you have some kind of interpersonal relationship with everyone you know.__6__ the importance of relationships to our emotional and physical well­being，it’s necessary to learn how to develop and __7__ them. Interpersonal relationships help fight loneliness while also giving you a sense of __8__ in life. For instance，the closeness you feel with family and friends is an essential part of your __9__ support. Relationships in other __10__ of your life outside romance and family also have a positive effect on you，such as getting together with acquaintances for a(n) __11__ interest or hobby. People who are in a healthy relationship __12__ each other regularly and listen to each other too.__13__ can happen，which can lead to people being upset，hurt or confused. It is best to be clear about what you want to say. Making a(n) __14__ to understand what the other person is saying also helps. Checking that you have understood correctly can __15__ misunderstandings. 1．A. apparent B．objective C．present D．grateful 2．A. recover B．acknowledge C．establish D．satisfy 3．A. enrich B．adopt C．cease D．stage 4．A. temporary B．secondary C．contrary D．creative 5．A. In return B．In short C．In response D．In case 6．A. Remembering B．Addressing C．Considering D．Fixing 7．A. defend B．detect C．expose D．maintain 8．A. purpose B．possibility C．wisdom D．truth 9．A. financial B．social C．physical D．economical 10．A. elements B．advantages C．aspects D．exceptions 11．A. exposed B．mixed C．advocated D．shared 12．A. quarrel with B．shout at C．call for D．talk to 13．A. Misunderstandings B．Interactions C．Discipline D．Discomfort 14．A. choice B．association C．effort D．difference 15．A. block B．avoid C．betray D．deliver Passage 5（2024·河南省洛阳等三地名校高三上学期开学联考）用时_______得分______ Answers: 1-5________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ Starting a career in engineering can be challenging. You know what you 1 : experience, a network, and often the confidence that everything will 2 . My advice to young engineers is: Focus on your 3 , and stop worrying about your weaknesses. Of course, you must 4 problems in areas where you are weak, but 5 spending too much effort on them. Chances are that you will never be perfect in those areas, so it makes no 6 in wasting your energy. Of course, there will be times when things are hard, but if you believe in yourself and have a 7 of where you want to go and develop your strengths——they’ll 8 you apart, you will go far. The biggest challenge I have faced in my career is being a woman in a 9 profession. When I started working, I was the only female engineer in my division. Though I was as 10 as my colleagues, it was tough to get them to accept me as their 11 . Instead of feeling upset, I chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect. 12 , they accepted me. Thankfully, the gender 13 has improved since I first started. Now, I have several female engineers working in my team. As the head, I get a thrill from 14 people in roles and on projects according to their abilities and seeing them achieve great results. Helping a person 15 by focusing on her strengths gives me a huge amount of satisfaction. 1．A．approve B．lack C．envy D．face 2．A．bring out B．put out C．work out D．leave out 3．A．strengths B．hobbies C．routines D．priorities 4．A．expand B．identify C．observe D．address 5．A．avoid B．ignore C．practise D．escape 6．A．compromise B．excuse C．mistake D．sense 7．A．practice B．luck C．review D．vision 8．A．keep B．take C．set D．tell 9．A．narrow-minded B．male-dominated C．old-fashioned D．female-centred 10．A．stubborn B．humorous C．capable D．realistic 11．A．equal B．opponent C．contemporary D．friend 12．A．Occasionally B．Originally C．Frequently D．Eventually 13．A．characteristic B．role C．balance D．preference 14．A．placing B．inspiring C．concerning D．updating 15．A．explore B．develop C．compete D．qualify Passage 6（2024上·江苏南通·高三统考期中）用时_______得分______ Answers: 106-110____________ 111-115______________ 116-120________________ A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s 106 for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to 107 all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus 108 , the lion becomes confused and is 109 about what to do next. When faced with so many 110 , the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same 111 as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e. g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and 112 make progress? This 113 me to no end because while all the experts are busy 114 about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the 115 information. The end 116 is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be 117 . It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a 118 in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel 119 is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become, take 120 action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 106．A．rarely B．mostly C．nearly D．merely 107．A．stand up B．raise up C．rely on D．focus on 108．A．divided B．limited C．extended D．strengthened 109．A．serious B．unsure C．curious D．skeptical 110．A．bonds B．notices C．options D．desires 111．A．emotion B．reputation C．position D．generation 112．A．never B．always C．often D．already 113．A．upsets B．relieves C．impresses D．moves 114．A．speaking B．worrying C．complaining D．debating 115．A．exchanging B．encouraging C．damaging D．conflicting 116．A．effect B．result C．study D．problem 117．A．defending B．confusing C．improving D．weeping 118．A．whip B．meat C．chair D．hand 119．A．ready B．pleasant C．regretful D．frozen 120．A．orderly B．precise C．rigid D．immediate Activity 3 Assess your progress by filling the blanks. ( Words and expressions: Part of speech transformation ： S entences: Analysis of long difficult sentences & accumulation of the excellent sentences ) ( Reconstruction & Test ) 【Learning objectives】 1. Review how to do the cloze by rereading the passages and words and expressions as a whole. 2. Reconstruct all the related knowledge & information on the cloze with comments by the Test. 3. Share your own ways or understanding for doing the cloze with comments. Activity 4. Extensive Reading Read the following passage and finish them using about we have concluded. Passage 1用时_______得分______ Answers: 1-5________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ Fifty－five more public schools have recently invited dogs to their classrooms. Dogs have been __1__ in class for five years due to the Comfort Dog Program, which is becoming more __2__ now. Comfort dogs have been found to __3__ positive feelings. But how do these pets __4__ in the classroom? For some students, the comfort pet __5__ them emotionally, which allows them to be __6__ in their studies and make remarkable achievements. A struggling student can turn to the pet and get encouragement. In other cases, teachers use the pet as a teaching tool, making it part of the __7__. Dog training is not __8__ a walk in the park. It takes time, __9__ and consistency. So does this program.A teacher and their dog must participate in a six－hour training session. It __10__ the teacher to effectively comfort the students if they’re __11__ of pets. The dog is also trained to be __12__ with strangers and the teacher who needs to be in tune with the pet and know how to __13__ its stress signals. The program has been a success, benefiting so many students and teachers. Hundreds of other schools __14__ themselves with the program and have the __15__ to join it. 1.A.taught B.employed C.raised D.prohibited 2.A.enjoyable B.secure C.popular D.affordable 3.A.promote B.experience C.share D.favor 4.A.behave B.assist C.survive D.struggle 5.A.protects B.supports C.moves D.amazes 6.A.interested B.occupied C.absorbed D.skilled 7.A.homework B.lesson C.relaxation D.experiment 8.A.basically B.obviously C.naturally D.necessarily 9.A.effort B.money C.fortune D.attention 10.A.advises B.persuades C.drives D.coaches 11.A.scared B.proud C.tired D.doubtful 12.A.strict B.careful C.patient D.friendly 13.A.give off B.put aside C.get across D.make out 14.A.equip B.link C.concern D.inspire 15.A.ability B.curiosity C.intention D.freedom Passage 2用时_______得分______ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________ Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and ____21____ of consumer demands for environment friendly products have ____22____ the pollution problem. One ____23____ is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of. ____24____, today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. ____25____ they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment?” “Can this metal container be ____26____ or can it only be used once?” A recent study showed that two ____27____ five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the ____28____ they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly to the environment. Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products ____29____ labels to show that the product is green. Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling ____30____. The ____31____ for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink ____32____ they do business. No longer will the public accept the old ____33____ of “Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.” The public ____34____ is still here, and companies are ____35____ their act gradually. 21. A. part B. lack C. lots D. varieties 22. A. applied to B. contributed to C. exposed to D. devoted to 23. A. possibility B. chance C. result D. effect 24. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. Similarly D. However 25. A. After B. Though C. Before D. Unless 26. A. reused B. safe C. friendly D. returned 27. A. of B. on C. from D. out of 28. A. rhyme B. way C. section D. branch 29. A. carry B. take C. include D. make 30. A. advantage B. technique C. point D. attraction 31. A. concern B. hope C. care D. plan 32. A. what B. how C. whether D. when 33. A. saying B. trust C. attitude D. fashion 34. A. pressure B. pleasure C. discussion D. interest 35. A. enlarging B. sharing C. cleaning D. improving Passage 3（2024·广东省深圳市龙岗区高三上学期1月期末）用时_______得分______ Answers: 1-5________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ City walk gains popularity among young Chinese. Different from the fast-paced “special forces style” (特种部队式) tourism, city walk is 1 and not very purposeful. To a certain extent, “special forces style” tourism is just a(n) 2 of regular travel, where young people spend 9 hours in a city with the same travel guides and check-in list. By comparison, city walk allows people to explore a city 3 without deliberately joining the 4 at popular tourist spots or waiting in 5 lines outside popular restaurants for hours. People 6 the past and present of a city as a local resident. After all, time is not 7 and the need for travel is not so pressing any more. While “special forces style” tourists 8 fast pace and purposefulness, city walkers are completely slow and free. What really matters is 9 wandering. People expect that a trip frees themselves from high 10 and repetitive daily life. Since such words as leisure, 11 and purposelessness are associated with city walk, it seems not difficult to understand why young people are 12 about it. When we were children in school, 45 minutes of class was worth a 10 minute 13 . As we have 14 and started working hard, we always want to 15 freedom in life during free time. City walk is a path where we can freely choose, plan, and explore. 1．A．costly B．leisurely C．brief D．normal 2．A．innovation B．lesson C．repetition D．secret 3．A．eagerly B．rapidly C．freely D．precisely 4．A．sellers B．crowds C．audiences D．hosts 5．A．quiet B．straight C．formal D．long 6．A．discover B．develop C．remember D．determine 7．A．abundant B．unique C．precious D．urgent 8．A．ignore B．understand C．emphasize D．explain 9．A．aimless B．occasional C．individual D．meaningless 10．A．reputation B．tension C．expectation D．recognition 11．A．creativity B．efficiency C．speed D．relaxation 12．A．anxious B．particular C．enthusiastic D．cautious 13．A．break B．leave C．discussion D．exercise 14．A．stood up B．grown up C．teamed up D．shown up 15．A．escape B．spread C．restrict D．pursue Passage 4（2024·江西·校联考二模）用时_______得分______ Answers: 91-95_____________ 96-100________________ 101-105________________ Like many young Chinese, Zuo had been raised from a young age to be “a good student”. As long as she followed the rules and worked hard, money and success would naturally followed. Zuo had followed the instructions to the 91 . She aced exam after exam, winning a place at a prestigious college in Beijing. However, when Zuo sent out a sea of job applications , she didn’t just fail to 92 her preferred role; she didn’t receive a single 93 . For Zuo, the failure came as a crushing 94 . Being a high flier, she was emotionally unprepared for such a setback. She struggled with anxiety for months: unable to sleep, 95 by guilt, and feeling compelled to repeatedly apologize to her parents and teachers. But the ordeal (磨难) has left a profound impression on Zuo. The former teacher’s pet has transformed into a passionate 96 of what she calls the “good student mentality”. In January, Zuo set up a group on Douban named “Victims of the Good Student Mentality,” and it has quickly attracted a passionate following. “Good students” like Zuo tend to be 97 vulnerable (脆弱的) to mental health issues. Successive studies have found that high achievers are more likely to 98 anxiety, depression than the general population. This is because high achievers like Zuo often excessively rely on 99 validation (认可) to support their self-esteem, leaving them unable to cope with setbacks. Over time, students 100 the externa world’s evaluation criteria as their own standard for self-assessment. It’s clear that a diverse range of young people can 101 victim to the “good student mentality.” Luckily, in Chinese education system, there is growing 102 that student anxiety is a serious problem. A teacher in Shanghai, surnamed Dong, tells that “the good student mentality” is becoming ever more prevalent, with well behaved, introverted children 103 seeking praise and awards as a way to 104 their self esteem. If they fail to meet the school’s incredibly high standards, there’s a risk that it will trigger an emotional 105 .Hence, Zuo recently wrote a welcome message offering new members some advice: “Be kind to yourself; challenge the norms; treat yourself well.“ And, most importantly:” You can be a “bad” kid. 91．A．letter B．limitation C．guidance D．degree 92．A．land B．miss C．occupy D．play 93．A．job B．offer C．application D．response 94．A．blow B．surprise C．expectation D．experience 95．A．impressed B．overwhelmed C．filled D．buried 96．A．supporter B．example C．critic D．expert 97．A．absolutely B．seldom C．less D．particularly 98．A．get rid of B．suffer from C．live up with D．get over 99．A．external B．flexible C．positive D．special 100．A．develop B．adopt C．withdraw D．transform 101．A．avoid B．owe C．fall D．change 102．A．recognitionB．concern C．situation D．fear 103．A．openly B．continuously C．hopefully D．anxiously 104．A．rise B．boost C．advance D．upgrade 105．A．breakout B．breakdown C．breakup D．breakthrough Passage 5（2023年4月江苏南通如皋二模）用时_______得分______ Answers: 21-25_____________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________​ Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do  21  mainly through identification. Children approve of a parent when they believe they have the  22  and feelings that are characteristic of that parent. The things parents do and say—and the way they do and say to them—therefore strongly  23  a child’s behavior. Therefore, parents must consistently  24  like the type of person they want their child to become.    25  , a parent’s actions can also affect the self-image that a child  26  through identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will  27  learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly negative qualities in their parents will have  28  seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may  29  their self-image, however, as they become increasingly influenced by peers groups standards before they reach 13.     A positive attitude and  30  play an important role when children come across something unexpected.  31  events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent effect on a child’s behavior. Children interact such events according to their  32  attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, for example,  33  the divorce of their parents or a parent’s early death. But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events as a sign of  34  or punishment.     In the same way, all children are not influenced alike by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. As in the case of a  35  change in family relations, the effect of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it. 21. A. it B. so C. some D. this 22. A. qualities B. careers C. heights D. visions 23. A. imitate B. reflect C. influence D. promote 24. A. behave B. feel C. seem D. mature 25. A. Still less B. Or rather C. By contrast D. What’s more 26. A. fixes B. adjusts C. forms D. describes 27. A. hopefully B. unexpectedly C. impossibly D. likely 28. A. potential B. prospect C. capacity D. difficulty 29. A. recognize B. perfect C. modify D. confirm 30. A. self-esteem B. self-image C. self-praise D. self-discipline 31. A. Isolated B. Significant C. Continuous D. Relevant  32. A. established B. stable C. trained D. predicted 33. A. dismiss B. escape C. accept D. forget 34. A. frustration B. rejection C. depression D. tragedy 35. A. sudden B. slight C. consequent D. dramatic Activity 5. Write down your harvest. ( 你的收获 ： ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024二轮复习学程完形填空说明文议论文答案 Overall Construction答案解析： No.1 【2022·全国乙卷】 41．C    42．B    43．A    44．D    45．C    46．C    47．B    48．D    49．A    50．B    51．B    52．A    53．C    54．A    55．D    56．A    57．B    58．C    59．D    60．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”（全球的孩子们享受玩捉迷藏的游戏）可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”（他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies” （他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据本句中的that从句内容“evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”并结合上文语境可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前孩子们自我中心的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“We then asked the child if she could 　　9　　 or or hear the adult”（我们之后问孩子是否能或者听到大人的声音）可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“Each 　　7　　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 　　8　　.”（每个孩子和遮住了眼睛和耳朵的大人坐在一起）可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.” (此刻孩子们说他们不能和她_12_)可知，发生了与前面孩子们不能看见大人类似的事情，即孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。 51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，此刻孩子们说不能和成年人说话了，强调当下。故选B项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth” (大人的嘴巴被盖住了)可知，由于盖住的是嘴巴，因此同样的事情则是孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选A项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“ and knew _15_ what was asked of them”（我们年轻的主人公们理解了问题并且知道自己被问了什么）可知，只有先理解了才能能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。 55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”(他们的 16 反映了他们真实的_17_)可知，只有确切地知道自己被问了什么，才能说他们的答案反映他们真实的看法。故选D项。 56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据上文可知，正是通过对孩子们进行提问来进行的，孩子们自然要对问题做出回答和回应可知，此处指孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。 57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据上下文可知这个在思维实验室进行的实验的目的正是为了研究孩子们的思维方式，通过回答与大人的互动有关的问题，他们的回答反映的他们的真正的看法。故选B项。 58．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”（只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你）可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings检验发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，结合前文讲了实验的一些经过可知，此处表示实验的研究发现，故选D项。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”（他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重）可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，他们自己使用这种方法，所以当其他人也使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。 No.2 2019年 全国卷III 【答案】 （1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）D；（14）A；（15）B；（16）C；（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D； 【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。 （1）考查副词辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously；显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely精确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。 （2）考查动词辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文 but down in the valley it's darker  可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。 （3）考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。 （4）考查形容词辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文 but down in the valley it's darker 可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故答案为A。 （5）考查动词辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。 （6）考查名词辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。 （7）考查动词辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。 （8）考查名词辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest    休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，put sth to use把某物投入使用。故答案为D。  （9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。 （10）考查名词辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。 （11）考查名词辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故答案为C。 （12）考查动词辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答案为A。 （13）考查动词辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故答案为D。 （14）考查名词辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。 （15）考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。 （16）考查动词辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。 （17）考查副词辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。 （18）考查形容词辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。 （19）考查形容词辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。 （20）考查动词辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting    等待；C. watching    观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。 No.3 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷 [文章大意] 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为我们日常生活必须做的事情时，无论是哪个年龄段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了 [小题 1] A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。第一句话的意思是:作为一般规则，当它们在日常生活的基础上被执行时，各种形式的活动都会导致无聊 [小题 2] D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据后面可知本句话的意思是:其实，我们在不同年龄的人在工作时都会看出这一点 [小题 3] C。考查动词词义辨析及学科网理语境理解。例如，在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们兴奋地玩他们的新玩具。 [小题 4] B。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。但是他们对这些玩具的兴趣很快就越来越少了 [小题 5] A 考查形容词词义辨析及语理解。学科 到一月份可以发现那些一模一样的玩具被放在了地 下室里。 [小题 6] D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。这个世界充满了装了一半的集邮册和为完成的模型。 [小题 7] B。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。每一个都如一个立在那里的纪念碑来纪念某个人短暂的兴趣。 【小题8】C。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。当父母带回家一只宠物，他们的孩子高高兴兴地给它洗澡、给它刷毛。 [小题 9] B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，很快照顾动物的责任就交给父母, [小题 10] D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。青少年进入高中时很激动。 [小题 11] A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。但是很快就盼着毕业了 [小题 12] C。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。前面根据年龄提到小孩子、十多岁的青少年、青年人。接下 来应该说成年人了。 [小题 13] B。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。 [小题 14] B。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。 [小题 15] D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划着做很多的事. [小题 16] A。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划着做很多伟大的事. [小题 17] A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。这些事在工作期间学科网理都没有时间去做。 [小题 18] D。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。但是退休后不久，打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都变得无聊了 [小题 19] C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。这些想做的事就像他们离开的工作一样变得索然无味了 [小题 20] B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。就像那个一月的孩子一样，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。 No.4 2022年浙江卷6月 【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。 16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。 17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。 18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。 19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。 20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。 21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。 22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。 23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。 24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。 25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。 26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。 27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。 28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。 29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。 30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。 31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。 32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。 33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。 34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。 35.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。 Exploration & Transfer答案解析： Passage1 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年常常忽略母亲的声音，而小时候则非常听话。文章解释了这一现象背后的原因。 1．C　[根据后文“And new research may explain why so many tune out their mom’s voices.”可知，如果你是青少年，这是很常见的。故选C。] 2．B　[利用同义词复现，根据前文“If you’re a teen”可知，本空应填“teenagers”。故选B。] 3．A　[根据前文“But as they grow up”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感，但随着他们长大，一切都变了，故选A。] 4．C　[根据后文“teebudieshawlt，keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt”可知，说的话全都是一些没有意义的词。故选C。] 5．D　[根据前文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices.”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。所以当给更小的孩子们听时，他们大脑的某些部分变得活跃起来，故选D。] 6．C　[根据后文“pay attention”可知，帮助我们发现奖励和集中注意力的大脑区域会更加活跃，故选C。] 7．B　[根据前文“Young kids’ brains are very tuned in to their mothers’ voices.But as they grow up，everything 3 .”可知，小孩子的大脑对母亲的声音很敏感。但随着他们长大，一切都变了。可知这种转变通常发生在13岁到14岁之间，故选B。] 8．A　[根据下文“As we ，our survival depends less and less on mom’s support.”可知，随着我们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖于妈妈的支持，由此可知，大脑似乎要适应年轻带来的新需求，故选A。] 9．D　[根据后文“our survival depends less and less on mom’s support”可知，随着我们的成熟，我们的生存越来越不依赖于妈妈的支持，故选D。] 10．C　[根据后文“we rely more and more on our —friends and others closer to our own age”可知，随着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人——朋友和其他与我们年龄相近的人，此处与前文构成转折关系，故选C。] 11．D　[根据后文“friends and others closer to our own age”可知，随着年龄增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人，故选D。] 12．B　[根据前文“these areas in the youthful brain don’t stop”可知，虽然随着年龄的增长，我们越来越依赖的是同龄人，但是，年轻大脑中的这些区域并没有停止对妈妈作出反应，故选B。] 13．A　[根据后文“worthy of attention”可知，不熟悉的声音变得更有价值，更值得关注，上文“ rewards and pay attention”也是提示，此处rewarding与rewards是同根词复现。故选A。] 14．B　[根据前文“Mothers’ voices still have special power，especially in times of stress.”可知，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。研究表明，当压力过大的女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的应激激素水平会下降，故选B。] 15．D　[根据后文“there’s a good reason for it”可知，“这就是大脑结构组成的方式”符合语境。wire的熟义为“电线”，本文为生义“把……连在一起”。故选D。] tune out 无视、不理、对…无反应 be tuned in 对…敏感、能理解、 意识到 Teachers must be tuned in to students' needs. 教师一定要理解学生想要什么。 Passage2 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章是关于由克里斯蒂·耶格撰写的Harley’s Harlequin Heart这本书的书评。 1．B　[explain解释；present呈现；design设计；include包括。根据下文“shows why the power of love can overcome the that is part of every life journey”可知，此处表示这本书通过哈利的叙述来呈现给读者。故选B。] 2．A　[misfortune不幸；unease不安；inconvenience不便；discomfort不适。根据下文“Then one day，Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.”可知，哈利的生命旅程中遭遇了不幸。故选A。] 3．D　[package包裹；dream梦想；burden负担；adventure冒险。根据下文“from growing up，being trained，to going to dog shows”可知，此处表示哈利带我们一起经历了他和他的主人耶格的所有冒险。故选D。] 4．C　[mystery神秘的事物；problem问题；cure治疗；challenge挑战。根据上文“...Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer.Fortunately...”可知，幸运的是有足够的时间探索治疗方法。故选C。] 5．D　[forbid禁止；hit打击；inform通知；warn警告，提醒。根据下文“I’m glad she paid attention to her warning”可知，当事情不对劲时第六感会发出警告。故选D。] 6．B　[active积极的；inner内心的；useful有用的；sudden突然的。根据上文“...everyone has a sixth sense，which them when something’s not right”可知，此处表示内心的警告。故选B。] 7．A　[push through努力设法通过，排除困难办好某事；bend down弯腰；cheer up使高兴起来；get off下车。根据上文“Fortunately，there’s enough time to explore .”可知，通过手术，狗狗成功渡过了难关。故选A。] 8．B　[success成功；recovery恢复；victory胜利；survival生存。根据上文“It isn’t easy and he tells us about his pain and fears.”和“But”可知，上下文形成转折关系，上文提到“这并不容易，他告诉我们他的痛苦和恐惧”，下文则表示“不过恢复的可能性很大，是很有希望的”。故选B。] 9．C　[innocently天真地；automatically自动地；gradually逐渐地；accidentally偶然地。根据上文“After this experience”可知，通过这次经历，哈利逐渐意识到当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会受到影响。故选C。] 10．A　[suffer遭受；behave表现；perform表演；delay推迟。根据上文“when someone has cancer”可知，当一个人得了癌症，整个家庭都会遭受影响。故选A。] 11．A　[battle斗争；compete竞争；continue继续；mix融合。根据上文“Harley is diagnosed with bone cancer”可知，此处指哈利与癌症作斗争。故选A。] 12．C　[possess拥有；close关闭；share分享；print打印。根据上文“But Jaeger provides such a positive perspective”可知，此处评价这本书值得分享。故选C。] 13．B　[sad难过的；happy高兴的；ridiculous荒唐的；unusual不同寻常的。根据上文“Through surgery，this smart dog .”可知，狗狗被治愈了，因此这本书有一个快乐的结局。故选B。] 14．D　[decisive决定性的；logical符合逻辑的；attractive吸引人的；influential有影响的。根据下文“Love can defeat all.”可知，爱这个元素可以影响人类和动物世界。故选D。] 15．C　[meaning意义；principle原则；message信息；expression表达。根据上文“Love can defeat all.”可知，这本书传达了“爱能够战胜一切”这个信息。故选C。] Passage3 【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。 1. D 根据后半句＂....will do anything to avoid it＂可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。 2. A to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确。 3. B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B项正确。 4. D 根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项＂above上面的＂正确。 5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。 6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。 7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。 8. D 根据前半句＂...women will become more effective managers than men...＂可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。 9. A 根据前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。 10. C 根据＂the trend towards downsizing＂（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词＂reduce减少＂符合语境。 11. B be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与……相比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的成效。故B项正确。 12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。 13. D deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。 14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。 15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。 Passage4 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。作者阐述了良好的人际关系和社会交往对我们身心的好处，我们应该不断去培养和保持良好的人际关系。 1．C　[根据上文“love and support each other”可知，处在健康关系中的人们在彼此顺境和逆境的时候都会出现(present)在彼此身边。] 2．D　[此处表示人际关系能满足我们的各种需求，satisfy one’s needs是常用的固定搭配，表示“满足某人的需求”。] 3．A　[根据语境可知，此处用动词enrich表示“使丰富”，即健康的人际关系可以丰富我们的人生。] 4．B　[上文的Firstly和本空所在部分的then呼应，这里用secondary表示“次要的，二级的”。] 5．B　[根据语境可知，此处是对上一段的总结，这里用in short表示“总之，简言之”，引出下文。] 6．C　[本空所在句表示考虑到人际关系对我们的情感和身体健康的重要性，我们有必要学会如何去培养、发展人际关系，considering符合语境。] 7．D　[根据空前的develop可知，此处表示发展和维持健康的人际关系，maintain符合语境。] 8．A　[此处表示人际关系有助于对抗孤独，同时在生活中给你一种目标感，purpose符合语境，表示“意图，目的”。] 9．B　[根据上文提到的与家人和好朋友的密切关系可知，此处表示这些人给我们社交上的支持，social符合语境。] 10．C　[根据下文“your life outside romance and family”可知，此处强调的是我们生活中其他方面(aspect)的关系。] 11．D　[根据上文的“get together with acquaintances”可知，此处说的是大家在一起做一件都喜欢的事，shared表示“分享的，共同的”。] 12．D　[根据下文“listen to each other too”可知，此处表示有着健康人际关系的人们经常互相交谈(talk to)，相互倾听。] 13．A　[根据下文“which can lead to people being upset，hurt or confused”可知，此处说的是朋友之间也会有出现误解的时候，与下文的 misunderstandings相呼应。] 14．C　[根据上文“It is best to be clear about what you want to say.”可知，此处表示努力理解别人说的话同样也会帮助形成健康的人际关系，这里make an effort to do sth是固定搭配，表示“努力做某事”。] 15．B　[根据上下文可知，此处表明确认你正确理解了他人说的话可以帮助避免误解。这里用avoid表示“避免”。] Passage 5 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章以自己的经历告诉年轻的工程师：关注自己的优点，无需担忧自己的缺点。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你知道自己缺乏什么：经验，人际关系，通常还有一切都会解决的信心。A. approve同意；B. lack缺乏；C. envy嫉妒；D. face面对。根据上文“Starting a career in engineering can be challenging.”可知，这里指的是刚刚工作的人，由此可知，下文提到的“experience, a network, and often the confidence”是这些人所缺乏的。故选B。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你知道自己缺乏什么：经验，人际关系，通常还有一切都会解决的信心。A. bring out拿出；B. put out扑灭；C. work out解决、锻炼；D. leave out省略。根据句意可知，刚刚步入职场的人缺乏那种一切都会解决的信心。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对年轻工程师的建议是：关注你的优点，不要担心你的缺点。A. strengths强项、优点；B. hobbies爱好；C. routines常规工作；D. priorities优先权。根据下文“stop worrying about your weaknesses”可知，下文指的是不要担心自己的缺点，由此可知，空处指的是专注自己的优点。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，你必须在自己的弱项上解决问题，但不要在这些方面花费太多精力。A. expand扩展；B. identify识别；C. observe观察；D. address发表演说、解决。根据空后“problems in areas where you are weak”，可知，空后指的是弱项上的问题，根据常识可知，这些问题是需要解决的。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，你必须在自己的弱项上解决问题，但不要在这些方面花费太多精力。A. avoid避免；B. ignore忽视；C. practise练习；D. escape逃离。根据下文“Chances are that you will never be perfect in those areas”可知，很有可能在这些方面永远都不会完美，由此推断，在这些方面不要花费太多精力。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很有可能你在这些方面永远不会完美，所以浪费精力是没有意义的。A. compromise妥协；B. excuse借口；C. mistake错误；D. sense感官。短语：make no sense，意为“毫无意义”；再根据上文“Chances are that you will never be perfect in those areas”可知，有些方面你可能永远不会完美，由此可知，在这方面浪费精力是没有意义的。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，会有困难的时候，但如果你相信自己，对自己想要去的地方有一个愿景，并发展你的优势——它们会让你与众不同，你会走得很远。 A. practice练习；B. luck运气；C. review复习；D. vision视力、愿景。根据空后的“where you want to go and develop your strengths”可知，下文指的是自己对于自己未来发展的愿景；考查短语：have a vision of，意为“对……的愿景”。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，会有困难的时候，但如果你相信自己，对自己想要去的地方有一个愿景，并发展你的优势——它们会让你与众不同，你会走得很远。 A. keep维持；B. take取走；C. set设立；D. tell讲述。根据下文“you will go far”可知，对未来的愿景会让你与众不同；短语：set…apart，意为“使与众不同”。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在职业生涯中面临的最大挑战是，作为一名女性，在一个男性主导的行业中工作。A. narrow-minded眼光短浅的；B. male-dominated男性主宰的；C. old-fashioned过时的；D. female-centred以女性为中心的。跟下文“When I started working, I was the only female engineer in my division.”可知，这个行业是由男性主导的。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我和我的同事一样有能力，但要让他们平等对待我却很难。A. stubborn顽固的；B. humorous幽默的；C. capable有能力的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文“Instead of feeling upset, I chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect. ______, they accepted me.”可知，作者没有感到沮丧，反而继续专注自己的优点，从而获得同事的尊重。由此可知，作者虽然有能力，却因为这个行业是男性主导而不被平等对待。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我和我的同事一样有能力，但要让他们平等对待我却很难。A. equal平等；B. opponent对手；C. contemporary同龄人；D. friend朋友。根据下文“Instead of feeling upset, I chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect. ______, they accepted me.”可知，作者没有感到沮丧，反而继续专注自己的优点，从而获得同事的尊重。由此可知，最初同事是不能平等对待作者的。故选A。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，他们接受了我。A. Occasionally偶尔地；B. Originally起初；C. Frequently频繁地；D. Eventually最终。根据空后“they accepted me.”可知，通过作者的努力，最终同事接受了自己。根据故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，自从我开始工作以来，性别平衡已经有所改善。A. characteristic特点；B. role角色；C. balance平衡；D. preference偏爱。根据下文“Now, I have several female engineers working in my team.”可知，现在作者的团队里已经不止一个女性了，也就是说性别平衡已经有所改善。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为主管，根据人们的能力分配他们的角色和项目，并看到他们取得了巨大的成果，这让我感到兴奋。A. placing放置；B. inspiring激励；C. concerning与……有关；D. updating更新。根据下文“in roles and on projects according to their abilities”可知，是根据人们的能力将人们分配不同的角色和项目。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过关注一个人的优势来帮助她发展，这给了我巨大的满足感。A. explore探索；B. develop发展；C. compete完成；D. qualify取得资格。根据上文“As the head, I get a thrill from______people in roles and on projects according to their abilities and seeing them achieve great results.”可知，作者看到了别人的优点而给他们分配了适合的角色和项目，并看到他们取得了巨大的成就。由此可知，作者是通过关注一个人的优势而帮助她发展。故选B。 Passage 6 【答案】 106．B 107．D 108．A 109．B 110．C 111．C 112．A 113．A 114．D 115．D 116．B 117．C 118．C 119．A 120．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文通过描述驯兽师驯狮子的过程，让我们了解到“当你发现这个世界在你的面前挥舞着椅子时，你要做的事情就是把注意力集中在一件事情上，你需要的就是开始”。 106．考查副词词义辨析。句意：鞭子吸引了所有的注意力，但它主要是为了表演。A. rarely罕见地；B. mostly通常，主要地；C. nearly几乎；D. merely仅仅。根据“A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair.”可知，使用鞭子是为了表演。故选B。 107．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当驯兽师把椅子举到狮子面前时，狮子会试图同时注意椅子的四条腿。A. stand up站起来；B. raise up举起；C. rely on依靠；D. focus on集中于，专注于。根据“With its focus 　　3　　”可知，椅子是为了让狮子把注意力集中在四条腿上。故选D。 108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于注意力分散，狮子变得困惑，不确定下一步该做什么。A. divided分开，划分；B. limited限制；C. extended扩大，扩展；D. strengthened加强。根据“When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to 　　2　　 all four legs of the chair at the same time.”可知，椅子分散了狮子的注意力。故选A。 109．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. serious严重的；B. unsure不确定的；C. curious好奇的；D. skeptical怀疑的。根据“With its focus 　　3　　 , the lion becomes confused”可知，注意力被分散后，狮子感到困惑，不确定接下来该做什么。故选B。 110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对如此多的选择，狮子选择静止等待，而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。A. bonds联系，连接；B. notices通知；C. options选择；D. desires欲望，愿望。根据“the lion chooses to freeze and wait”可知，狮子面临很多选择。故选C。 111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你有多少次发现自己和狮子处于同样的境地？A. emotion情感，情绪；B. reputation名声，名誉；C. position位置；D. generation一代。根据下文“How often do you have something you want to achieve (e. g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and 　　7　　 make progress?”可知，此处把人的行为和狮子的行为进行类比，因此是处于相同的境地。故选C。 112．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你有多少次想要实现某件事(比如减肥、创业、多旅行)，但最后却被摆在你面前的所有选择搞糊涂了，而且从未取得进展？A. never从未；B. always总是；C. often经常；D. already已经。根据“only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you”可知，因为被众多选择迷惑了，所以从来没有进步。故选A。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我心烦意乱，因为当所有的专家都在忙着争论哪个选择是最好的时候，那些想要改善生活的人却被所有相互矛盾的信息所迷惑。A. upsets使烦恼；B. relieves宽慰；C. impresses使印象深刻；D. moves移动，搬家。根据“the people who want to improve their lives are left confused”可知，作者因为感到困惑而心烦意乱。故选A。 114．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. speaking说话；B. worrying担心；C. complaining抱怨；D. debating争论，辩论。根据“which option is best”可知，专家们在争论哪个选择是最好的。故选D。 115．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. exchanging交换，交流；B. encouraging鼓励；C. damaging损坏，伤害；D. conflicting冲突，抵触。根据“all the experts are busy 　　9　　 about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused”可知，因为各种专家争论的观点不一样，导致那些想要改善生活的人却被所有相互矛盾的信息所迷惑。故选D。 116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终的结果是，我们觉得我们无法集中注意力，或者我们把注意力集中在错误的事情上，所以我们采取的行动更少，进步更少，在我们可以提高的时候保持不变。A. effect影响；B. result结果；C. study研究；D. problem问题。根据“that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress”可知，这是专家争论导致个人在做选择时感到迷惑，进而造成的不良结果。故选B。 117．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. defending防御；B. confusing使困惑；C. improving提高，改善；D. weeping流泪。根据“the people who want to improve their lives”可知，此处表示提高。故选C。 118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你发现这个世界在你面前挥舞一把椅子时，记住这一点：你所需要做的就是专注于一件事。A. whip鞭；B. meat肉；C. chair椅子；D. hand手。根据上文“When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,”可知，此处是信息词chair的词汇复现。故选C。 119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你觉得准备好之前就开始是成功人士的习惯之一。A. ready准备好的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. regretful后悔的；D. frozen吓呆的，结冰的。根据“You just need to get started.”可知，作者建议在觉得准备好之前就开始。故选A。 120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你有你想去的地方，你想完成的事情，你想成为的人，立即采取行动。A. orderly整洁的，有秩序的；B. precise精确的；C. rigid僵硬的，死板的；D. immediate立刻的。根据“Starting before you feel 　　14　　 is one of the habits of successful people.”可知，作者建议有了想法就要立刻采取行动。故选D。 Extension & Test答案解析： Passage1【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了很多学校使用安慰犬协助教学的相关情况。 1.B　[上文提到最近有55所学校邀请狗进课堂，下文提到安慰犬项目，由此可推知狗在课堂中的使用已经有五年了。] 2.C　[根据上文提到的最近又有55所学校邀请狗进课堂可知，安慰犬项目现在变得更受欢迎了。] 3.A　[根据下文中的“the comfort pet them emotionally...encouragement”可知，此处指安慰犬能让人产生积极的情绪。promote“促进，推动，增进”。] 4.B　[根据下文中的“For some students...part of the .”可知，安慰犬对学生和老师都有帮助。由此可知，此处表示这些宠物是如何在教室提供帮助的呢。behave“表现”；assist“帮助，协助”；survive“继续存在，挺过”；struggle“奋斗，努力，争取”。] 5.B　[对于有些学生来说，安慰犬可以在情感上支持(supports)他们。] 6.C　[根据空后的“in their studies and make remarkable achievements”可知，此处说的是使他们能够专心学习并取得好成绩。be absorbed in“专心致志于，全神贯注于”，符合语境。be interested in“对……感兴趣”；be occupied in“忙于”；be skilled in“在……方面熟练”。] 7.B　[在其他情况下，老师把安慰犬用作教具，使其成为课程(lesson)的一部分。] 8.D　[根据下文中的“It takes time...consistency.”和训练内容可知，此处表示训练狗未必就是在公园里遛遛狗。not necessarily “不一定，未必”。] 9.A　[上文提到“It takes time”，下文提到“six－hour training session”及需要做的一系列事情，由此可知，训练狗需要精力。] 10.D　[结合语境可知，此处讲述训练的内容，表示该训练会指导老师有效地安慰害怕宠物的学生。coach在这里是动词，表示“培训，指导”。] 11.A　[参见上题解析。scared“害怕”。] 12.D　[根据安慰犬的工作环境和工作内容可知，此处指狗也被训练如何与陌生人和老师友好相处。be friendly with sb “与某人很要好/友好相处”。] 13.D　[上文提到老师需要与安慰犬保持一致以及在学生害怕时有效安抚学生，由此可知这里指老师需要知道如何识别安慰犬的压力信号(以保证安全)。give off “发出”；put aside “忽视，不理睬”；get across “把……讲清楚”；make out “看出，辨认出”。] 14.C　[很多其他学校也对这个项目感兴趣。concern在这里是动词，concern oneself with sth “对……感兴趣”。] 15.C　[上文提到很多其他学校对这个项目感兴趣，由此可推知这里表示这些学校有加入这个项目的打算。] Passage2 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了公众环保理念的变化导致生产者愿意生产出绿色产品。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求导致了污染问题。A. part部分；B. lack缺乏； C. lots许多； D. varieties种类。根据“Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.”可知，因为缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求，当今世界上许多城市污染严重。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求导致了污染问题。A. applied to适用于；B. contributed to导致； C. exposed to接触； D. devoted to致力于。根据“Careless methods of production and 　　　　 of consumer demands for environment friendly products ”可知，这些原因导致污染问题。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果之一就是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器，而这些都很难处理掉。A. possibility可能；B. chance机会； C. result结果； D. effect效果。根据“millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of”可知，粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求的结果之一是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，今天，越来越多的消费者选择“绿色”，并要求他们购买的产品应该对环境安全。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外； C. Similarly相似； D. However然而。根据“Careless methods of production and 　　　 of consumer demands for environment friendly products have 　　　2　　the pollution problem.”可知，前后情况不同，表示转折，故选D。 【25题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在购买产品之前，他们会问这样的问题:“这种洗发水会破坏环境吗?”A. After之后；B. Though尽管； C. Before之前； D. Unless除非。根据“today, more and more consumers are choosing ‘green’”以及“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it.”可知，消费者在购买前会问一些产品是否环保的问题。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这个金属容器可以重复使用还是只能使用一次?”A. reused重新使用；B. safe安全的； C. friendly友好的； D. returned返回的。根据“or can it only be used once?”可知，消费者购买金属容器前会询问是否可以重复利用。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究表明，现在有五分之二的成年人在购买产品之前会考虑产品的环境安全性。A. of的；B. on在...之上； C. from来自； D. out of出去。根据“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product ”可知，这是描述有一定数量的成年人会考虑产品是否环保。two out of five表示五分之二，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着公司现在必须改变他们制造和销售产品的方式，以确保他们是“绿色的”，也就是说，对环境有益处。A. rhyme押韵；B. way方法，方式； C.section部分； D. branch树枝。根据“Careless methods of production ”可知，为了迎合消费者对环保产品的需求，公司要改变制造和销售产品方式。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些超市的产品带有绿色标签。A. carry携带；B. take带着； C. include包括； D. make制作。根据“to show that the product is green.”可知，产品标签是绿色标签。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些公司在广告中强调他们的产品是清洁和安全的，并以此作为主要卖点。A. advantage优势；B. technique技术； C. point点； D. attraction吸引。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，产品清洁安全是公司销售卖点。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对更安全、更清洁的环境的关注正促使企业重新思考自己的经营方式。A. concern关注；B. hope希望； C. care关爱； D. plan计划。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，企业关注更安全更清洁的环境。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对更安全、更清洁的环境的关注正促使企业重新思考自己的经营方式。A. what什么；B. how如何； C. whether是否； D. when当时。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，这是企业如何经营的方式。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：公众将不再接受“买它，用它，扔掉它，忘记它”的旧态度。A. saying谚语；B. trust信任； C. attitude态度； D. fashion时尚。根据“Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.”可知，这是旧的态度。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：公众的压力仍然存在，公司正在逐步改善他们的行为。A. pressure压力；B. pleasure乐趣； C. discussion讨论； D. interest兴趣。根据“No longer will the public accept the old　　　　 of‘Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.’”可知，故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众的压力仍然存在，公司正在逐步改善他们的行为。A. enlarging扩大；B. sharing分享； C. cleaning打扫； D. improving改进。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，这是公司改善自己的行为。故选D。 Passage3 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了城市漫步在年轻中国人中越来越流行的现象，并将其与“特种兵式”旅游进行了对比。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与快节奏的“特种兵式”旅游不同，城市漫步是悠闲的，不太有目的性。A. costly昂贵的；B. leisurely悠闲的；C. brief简短的；D. normal正常的。根据“While “special forces style” tourists ________ fast pace and purposefulness, city walkers are completely slow and free. What really matters is ________ wandering.”可知，城市漫步是悠闲的。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，“特种兵式”旅游只是常规旅行的一种重复，年轻人在一个城市花 9 小时使用相同的旅行指南和入住清单。A. innovation创新；B. lesson课程；C. repetition重复；D. secret秘密。根据“where young people spend 9 hours in a city with the same travel guides and check-in list.”可知，年轻人在一个城市花 9 小时，使用同样的旅行指南和入住清单，这是常规旅行的一种重复。故选C。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. eagerly急切地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. freely自由地；D. precisely精确地。根据“without deliberately joining the ________ at popular tourist spots or waiting in ________ lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”可知，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. seller卖家；B. crowds人群；C. audiences观众；D. hosts主人。根据“at popular tourist spots or waiting in ________ lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”可知，此处是指加入在热门旅游景点或在热门餐厅外排长队的人群。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. quiet安静的；B. straight直的；C. formal正式的；D. long长的。根据“lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”和常识可知，热门餐厅外往往都排着长队。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为当地居民，人们发现一个城市的过去和现在。A. discover发现；B. develop发展；C. remember记得；D. determine决定。根据“as a local resident.”可知，城市漫步让旅行者作为一个当地居民，去发现一个城市的过去和现在。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，时间并不紧迫，旅行的需要也不再那么紧迫了。A. abundant充足的；B. unique独特的；C. precious珍贵的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“and the need for travel is not so pressing any more.”可知，作为当地居民，旅行的时间并不紧迫。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“特种兵式”的游客强调快节奏和目的性，而城市漫步者则完全是缓慢而自由的。A. ignore忽视；B. understand理解；C. emphasize强调；D. explain解释。while表示对比，根据“city walkers are completely slow and free.”可知，“特种兵式”旅游的游客强调旅游的快节奏和目的性。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正重要的是漫无目的的闲逛。A. aimless无目的的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. individual个人的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据“city walkers are completely slow and free.”可知，城市漫步的游客完全是自由和无目的的。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们期望通过旅行将自己从高度紧张和重复的日常生活中解放出来。A. reputation名声；B. tension紧张；C. expectation期待；D. recognition 识别。根据“and repetitive daily life.”可知，人们旅行的目的是从高度紧生活中解放出来。张故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如此热衷也就不足为奇了。A. creativity创造力；B. efficiency效率；C. speed速度；D. relaxation放松。根据“Since such words as leisure,”和“and purposelessness are associated with city walk,”可知，年轻人热衷城市漫步是因为其具有休闲、放松和无目的性。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如此热衷也就不足为奇了。A. anxious焦虑的；B. particular特别的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据“Since such words as leisure, ________ and purposelessness are associated with city walk,”可知，城市漫步具有休闲、放松和无目的的特点，所以年轻人热衷与此。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们还是孩子的时候，45分钟的课程值得10分钟的休息。A. break休息；B. leave离开；C. discussion讨论；D. exercise锻炼。根据“When we were children in school,”可知，这里指学校课间10分钟的休息。故选A。 14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始工作时，我们总是想要在自由时间里放松。A. stood up站起来；B. grown up长大；C. teamed up组队；D. shown up出现。根据“and started working hard, we always want to ________ freedom in life during free time.”可知，长大后开始工作，总希望在自由时间里放松。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始努力工作时，我们总是希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自由。A. escape逃离；B. spread传播；C. restrict限制；D. pursue追求。根据“As we have ________ and started working hard,”可知，工作时，希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自由。故选D。 Passage4 【答案】 91．A 92．A 93．B 94．A 95．B 96．C 97．D 98．B 99．A 100．B 101．C 102．A 103．B 104．B 105．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“好学生心态”进行阐述，通过一个年轻人的经历和反思，探讨了这种心态的负面影响，并呼吁人们关注学生的心理健康和自我价值的培养。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Zuo不折不扣地执行了。A. letter信件；B. limitation限制；C. guidance指导；D. degree度数、程度。根据上文“Like many young Chinese, Zuo had been raised from a young age to be “a good student”. As long as she followed the rules and worked hard, money and success would naturally followed.”以及下文“She aced exam after exam, winning a place at a prestigious college in Beijing.”可知，Zuo一直很听话，所以一直在不折不扣的地执行好学生的标准。考查短语“to the letter”，意为“严格地、丝毫不差地”，符合句意。故选A。 92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当Zuo发出了大量的求职申请时，她不仅没有找到自己喜欢的职位；她没有收到任何工作邀请。A. land降落、得到；B. miss错过；C. occupy占据；D. play玩。根据下文“she didn’t receive a single____3____.”以及“For Zuo, the failure came as a crushing____4____.”可知，Zuo发出了很多求职信，但是并没有得到自己喜欢的职位。故选A。 93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当Zuo发出了大量的求职申请时，她不仅没有找到自己喜欢的职位；她没有收到任何工作邀请。A. job工作；B. offer提议；C. application申请、运用；D. response回复。根据下文“For Zuo, the failure came as a crushing____4____.”可知，她并未得到工作邀约。故选B。 94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Zuo来说，这次失败是一个沉重的打击。A. blow打击；B. surprise惊讶；C. expectation期待；D. experience经历。根据下文“Being a high flier, she was emotionally unprepared for such a setback. She struggled with anxiety for months”可知，这次失败对她而言是一个沉重的打击。故选A。 95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月来，她一直在焦虑中挣扎：无法入睡，内疚不堪重负，不得不反复向父母和老师道歉。A. impressed使有印象；B. overwhelmed打击、压倒；C. filled填充；D. buried埋葬。根据上文“unable to sleep”以及下文“feeling compelled to repeatedly apologize to her parents and teachers”可知，她的内心被内疚所击垮。故选B。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位前老师的宠儿已经转变为她所谓的“好学生心态”的热情批评者。A. supporter支持者；B. example例子；C. critic评论家；D. expert专家。根据下文“In January, Zuo set up a group on Douban named “Victims of the Good Student Mentality,” and it has quickly attracted a passionate following.”可知，Zuo开始批判这种好学生心态。故选C。 97．考查副词词义辨析。句意：像Zuo这样的“好学生”往往特别容易受到心理健康问题的影响。A. absolutely绝对地；B. seldom很少；C. less更少；D. particularly尤其地。根据上文Zuo的痛苦以及下文“Successive studies have found that high achievers are more likely to____8____ anxiety, depression than the general population.”可知，高成就者更容易焦虑。由此可知，Zuo这样的好学生特别容易受到心理健康问题的影响。故选D。 98．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：连续的研究发现，高成就者比普通人更容易焦虑、抑郁。A. get rid of摆脱；B. suffer from遭受；C. live up with忍受；D. get over克服。根据上文““Good students” like Zuo tend to be____7____vulnerable(脆弱的) to mental health issues.”可知，Zuo这样的好学生更容易有精神上的问题。由此可知，高成就者更容易焦虑。故选B。 99．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是因为像Zuo这样的高成就者经常过度依赖外部认可来支持他们的自尊，使他们无法应对挫折。A. external外部的；B. flexible灵活的；C. positive积极的；D. special特别的。根据下文“Over time, students ____10____ the externa world’s evaluation criteria as their own standard for self-assessment.”可知，高成就者会依赖外部认可来支持他们的自尊。故选A。 100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，学生们将外部世界的评价标准作为自己的自我评价标准。A. develop发展；B. adopt领养、采纳；C. withdraw撤退；D. transform改变。根据上文“This is because high achievers like Zuo often excessively rely on ____9____ validation(认可) to support their self-esteem, leaving them unable to cope with setbacks.”可知，高成就者会依赖外部认可来维持自尊，也就是说，他们会将外部世界的评价标准作为自我评价的标准。故选B。 101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，各种各样的年轻人都可能成为“好学生心态”的受害者。A. avoid避免；B. owe欠；归功于；C. fall落下、成为；D. change改变。根据空后的“In January, Zuo set up a group on Douban named “Victims of the Good Student Mentality,” and it has quickly attracted a passionate following.”可知，很多人都成为好学生心态的受害者。考查短语：fall victim to，意为“成为……的受害者”。故选C。 102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在中国的教育体系中，越来越多的人认识到学生焦虑是一个严重的问题。A. recognition认可、意识到；B. concern担忧；C. situation形势；D. fear害怕。根据下文“A teacher in Shanghai, surnamed Dong, tells that “the good student mentality” is becoming ever more prevalent, with well behaved, introverted children____13____seeking praise and awards as a way to ____14____their self esteem.”可知，越来越多的人认识到学生焦虑是个严重的问题。故选A。 103．考查副词词义辨析。句意：上海一位姓董的老师表示，“好学生心态”正变得越来越普遍，表现良好、内向的孩子不断寻求表扬和奖励，以此来增强他们的自尊。A. openly公开地；B. continuously持续地；C. hopefully充满希望地；D. anxiously焦虑地。根据第一段“As long as she followed the rules and worked hard, money and success would naturally followed. Zuo had followed the instructions to the____1____. She aced exam after exam, winning a place at a prestigious college in Beijing.”可知，这些孩子是在不断地寻求表扬和奖励。故选B。 104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：上海一位姓董的老师表示，“好学生心态”正变得越来越普遍，表现良好、内向的孩子不断寻求表扬和奖励，以此来增强他们的自尊。A. rise上升；B. boost提高、增加；C. advance前进；D. upgrade升级、提高。根据上文“This is because high achievers like Zuo often excessively rely on ____9____ validation(认可) to support their self-esteem, leaving them unable to cope with setbacks.”可知，这些孩子需要外部的认可来增强自尊。故选B。 105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他们达不到学校极高的标准，就有可能引发情绪崩溃。A. breakout爆发；B. breakdown崩溃；C. breakup破裂；D. breakthrough突破。根据上文““Good students” like Zuo tend to be____7____vulnerable(脆弱的) to mental health issues. Successive studies have found that high achievers are more likely to____8____ anxiety, depression than the general population.”以及“It’s clear that a diverse range of young people can____11____victim to the “good student mentality.””可推测，这些孩子一旦达不到学校的极高标准，就会情绪崩溃。故选B。 Passage5： 参考答案：BACAD CDDCB AACBD 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$