2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件

2024-09-19
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高考英语专题复习 完形填空解题技巧指导 —记叙文 1 Overall Construction 【Learning Objectives】 1.Figure out the characteristics of cloze and how it is tested in the NCEE by reading and analyzing the following instructions. 2.Explore the methods and strategies for doing cloze by discussion and cooperation. Improve your reading skills and apply them into practice. 什么是完型? 看到完形的感觉 1、生命本是一场漂泊的漫旅,遇见了谁都是一个美丽的意外。 我珍惜着每一个可以让我称做朋友的人,因为那是可以让漂泊的心驻 足的地方。有时候会被一句话感动,因为真诚;有时候会为一首歌流 泪,因为...... 生命本是═┳︻  ┣一旅,遇见‰了谁☻都ˇ▽ˇ  是一个。 我珍 ♦ 惜着每一个可以让我 ░ ▒ ▬ ♦称做朋友的♦ ▌人,漂泊的◦ ☼ ♠ ♣心驻 足的地方。有ˇ△ˇ 话感动,因 ░ ▒ ▬ ♦为真诚;有 ::======>> 时候▀ ▄ █会为一首歌☼ ▐ ◊ ▣ ▤ ▥  流 泪,因为.. 完型考什么 1)词语辨析能力 2)语法结构分析能力 3)语篇理解能力 4)逻辑推理能力 5)文化背景透析能力 6)生活常识综合运用能力… 完形填空真题多维细目表 动词 名词 形容词 副词 代词 冠词 介词(短语) 连词 语言材料 词数 体裁 主题语境及内容 2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 5 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 227 记叙文 人与自我:做人与做事 新高考Ⅱ卷 7 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 209 记叙文 人与社会:社会服务 全国甲卷 8 7 6 0 0 0 1 0 240 记叙文 人与社会:人际关系 全国乙卷 12 2 4 1 0 0 1 0 243 记叙文 人与自我:生活与学习 2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 5 5 3 1 0 0 1 0 236 记叙文 人与自我:生活与学习 新高考Ⅱ卷 4 7 3 1 0 0 0 0 188 记叙文 人与自我:生活与学习 全国甲卷 8 7 2 2 0 0 1 0 280 记叙文 人与社会:人际沟通 全国乙卷 7 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 251 说明文 人与自我:生活与学习 2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 9 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 216 记叙文 人与自我:生活与学习 新高考Ⅱ卷 7 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 209 记叙文 人与自我:做人与做事 全国甲卷 10 5 4 1 0 0 0 0 300 记叙文 人与自我:做人与做事 全国乙卷 10 7 1 2 0 0 0 (感叹词) 252 夹议夹叙 人与社会:社会服务与人际沟通 2020 山东卷 5 7 2 1 0 0 0 0 224 记叙文 人与自然:环境保护 全国Ⅰ 6 8 3 2 0 0 1 0 256 夹叙夹议 人与自我:完善自我 全国Ⅱ 11 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 300 记叙文 人与社会:文化遗产 全国Ⅲ 8 3 6 1 0 0 2 0 297 夹叙夹议 人与社会:良好的人际关系与社会关系 考纲要求及命题规律 着重考查考生的语篇理解能力,记叙文因其具备完整的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而能体现考生的这种能力。 命题规律 1.记叙文完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式,记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等。 2.文章首词一般不设空,以情景意义考查为主,虚词为辅,即介词、连词、代词为辅,几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。 Overall Construction Explore how to do narration cloze with comments by reading and fishing the 5 passages chosen from NCEE. Requirements: 1. Finish the5 passages in 45 minutes. 2. Skim the passage as a whole and get the main idea, and find the clues in the context. 研真题,抓线索 1.(2023全国乙卷)“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score 2.(2023新课标2)They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41 . They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection 原词复现 近义词复现 3.(课标卷) After giving shouts of wildly wrong guesses the proffessor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the ____answer. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult 反义词复现 研真题,抓线索 1.(2023全国乙卷)“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score 2.(2023新课标2)They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41 . They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection 3.(课标卷) After giving shouts of wildly wrong guesses the proffessor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the ____answer. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult 原词复现 近义词复现 反义词复现 研真题,抓线索 词汇复现 Lexical Repetition 研真题,抓线索 4. (2019全国卷3)We see the sky is blue, but down in the valley it’s dark —it’s like on a 44 day. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm 5.(2023全国甲卷)Mario wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 57 A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar 6.(2023全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnast in the world, helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the national team to the top of the sport. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic 7. (学考说明)He had to leave home and was 9 to live in another country. A. volunteered B. forced C. invited D. requested 8.(学考说明)One day. he suggested that we take up an out door sport. I was an uncoordinated(动作不协调的人). So I ________ his idea. A. opposed B. supported C. highlighted D. understood 研真题,抓线索 4. (2019全国卷3)We see the sky is blue, but down in the valley it’s dark — it’s like on a 44 day. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm 5.(2023全国甲卷)Mario wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 57 A.perfect B. useful C. convenient D.familiar 并列关系 转折关系 逻辑关系 Logical Relation 6.(2023全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnast in the world, helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the national team to the top of the sport. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic 7. (学考说明)He had to leave home and was 9 to live in another country. A. volunteered B. forced C. invited D. requested 对比关系 递进关系 近义词复现 研真题,抓线索 逻辑关系 Logical Relation 8.(学考说明)One day, he suggested that we take up an out door sport. I was an uncoordinated(动作不协调的人). So I ________ his idea. A. opposed B. supported C. highlighted D. understood 因果关系 研真题,抓线索 逻辑关系 Logical Relation 莫非这就是当年新平一中2025届理科年级第一无人超越号称一枝梨花压海棠的学霸小哥的好朋友全班搞笑大王的同桌小明跟他背过书的小组长曾经读过的那 37 A.剧本 B.电影 C.广场舞 D.烧烤 9. (2023全国甲卷)Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 perfect but taste of water. A. smell B.look C. become D. work 研真题,抓线索 篇章语境 Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 1 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 2 filled the room and made them feel very happy. 1. A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked 2. A. voice B. ring C. music D. cry 下文信息 上文信息 篇章语境 Context clue lexical repetition logical relation context 并列关系 转折关系 递进关系 对比关系 因果关系 根据上文信息 根据下文信息 根据上下文信息 原词复现 同义词复现 反义词复现 技巧总结 考题重现 1.What’s the topic of the article? 人与自我 人与社会 人与自然 2.Who is the main character of the article? A mother of the three 考题再现,策略分析 A mother of three in Cowdenbeath, Scotland, was awarded for what she did in the middle of a snowstorm last week. Charlene Leslie was 41.heading to a local shop for some food with her two kids when she saw a truck full of milk 42.struggling to climb a hill in a high street. “Its front wheels were spinning (旋转) on the 43.icy road, and it was stuck in the snow. My neighbor appeared, so I asked her to 44.watch the kids while I pushed it from the back. “45.Finally it got safely to the top, Charlene recalled. Then her good deed 46.deed paid off. After the video of Charlene pushing the truck up a hill 47.hit the Internet, the 48.impressed viewers nicknamed her “Wonder Woman”. The Family Dairy, the owner of the delivering truck, also 49.praised her heroic acts. “The lady’s 50.intention was incredibly kind. What a 51.blessing she was to our company! Charlene and her family will receive a year’s 52.supply of free milk,” the Chairman of the company told a local newspaper. “I simply believe that it is your 53.duty to help others if they are in trouble. I really didn’ t help out to get anything 54.in return, but I am absolutely delighted at their generous 55.offer ,” the mother laughed. 考题再现,策略分析 A mother of three in Cowdenbeath, Scotland, was awarded for what she did in the middle of a snowstorm last week. Charlene Leslie was 41.heading to a local shop for some food with her two kids when she saw a truck full of milk 42.struggling to climb a hill in a high street. “Its front wheels were spinning (旋转) on the 43.icyroad, and it was stuck in the snow. My neighbor appeared, so I asked her to 44.watch the kids while I pushed it from the back. “45.Finally it got safely to the top, Charlene recalled. Lexical repetition Logical relation Context Context Context Lexical repetition Logical relation Context Logical relation Logical relation Then her good 46.deed piad off. After the video of Charlene pushing the truck up a hill 47.hit the Internet, the 48.impressed viewers nicknamed her “Wonder Woman”. The Family Dairy, the owner of the delivering truck, also 49.praised her heroic acts. “The lady’s 50.intention was incredibly kind. What a 51.blessing she was to our company! Charlene and her family will receive a year’s 52.supply of free milk,” the Chairman of the company told a local newspaper. “I simply believe that it is your 53.duty to help others if they are in trouble. I really didn’ t help out to get anything 54.in return, but I am absolutely delighted at their generous 55.offer ,” the mother laughed. 考题再现,策略分析 Context Lexical repetition Logical relation Context Context Context Logical relation Context Context Context Context Lexical repetition Lexical repetition Context clue lexical repetition logical relation context 并列关系43 转折关系 递进关系45 对比关系44 因果关系 根据上文信息46、49、54 根据下文信息 41、42、44、47、48、50、52、53 根据上下文信息51 原词复现 同义词复现43、52、55 反义词复现 依线索,练习题 词汇复现 逻辑关系 篇章语境 I’m standing in a class of wild 14-year-old girls as they throw paper and howl (大声叫喊)with laughter. They won’t listen to me. I never wanted to 1 . I wanted to be a writer. But when l arrived in London. They were short of teachers. My efforts at teaching were hopeless. When the bell finally 2 ,I rushed to the staff room ,red with anger. The other teachers weren’t 3 . “That’s 4 B, the worst class in school, ” But I couldn’t give up. I 4 formal lessons. Instead, I brought topic for class discussion. One of the liveliest talks was about the arguments they had with their 5 . They paid attention and were 6 to shared about their family lives. Then I had them write about themselves. As time went on. their essays became a 7 between us. l admired their humor, toughness and eagerness, and I think they appreciate my interest in their lives. The musical My Fair Lady was playing in the West End and I asked if they’d like to see the 8 . They thought I was joking and did not take it seriously 9 no teacher had ever suggested taking them out. A few weeks later, 4 B and I were 10 in theater. They loved the musical and the characters. Near the end of the semester, two most rebellious (叛逆的) with flowers was knocking on my door. I was 11 to know I had touched their hearts and made a difference to their lives, but they had also 12 my heart. I enjoyed teaching and getting along with 13 When I returned to Australia several years later. I still 14 to be a writer. Teaching wasn’t the end of my writing career: it was the 15 . 1. A. guide B. perform C. teach D. explore 2. A. rang B. broke C. stole D. fell 3. A. impressed B. surprised C. annoyed D. delighted 4. A. recommendation B. advanced C. registered D. quitted 5. A. classmates B. parents C. friends D. teachers 6. A. worried B. unwilling C. fluent D. eager 7.A. secret B. challenge C. bridge D. adventure 8. A. musical B. newspaper C. book D. sea 9. A. sine B.so C. but D. and 10.A. working B. playing C. acting D. sitting 11.A. anxious B. curious C. proud D. confused 12.A. hit B. hurt C. protect D. touched 13.A. actors B. teenagers C. teachers D. writers 14.A. stressed B. intended C. doubted D. exchanged 15.A. beginning B. ending C. warning D. coming Look up the words you don’t know and write them on your book. Assignment 参考答案: No1 【2023·新高考I卷】 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.B No2 【2023·新高考II卷】 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.C 20.B 21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.A 28.D 29.C 30.A No3【2023·全国甲卷】 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.B No4 【2023·全国乙卷】 21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C 31.A 32.B 33.A 34.C 35.C 36.D 37.A 38.D 39.B 40.A No.5 【2024·1月浙江卷】41-45 BDCAC 46-50 ADBAC 51-55 BDCAD 2024.1浙江首考 完形填空简析 Part 1 试题、考点分析 Part 2 解题策略 Part 3 备考建议 Part 1在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___50___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life. 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 41. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 42. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached 43. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 44. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right 45. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded 46. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 47. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 48. A. publish B. quote С. copy D. download 49. A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students 50. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 51. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 52. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 53. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised 54. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 55. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage Part 1 试题、考点分析 Part 1在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 【试题分析】 本文是一篇描述一段不寻常火车之旅的记叙文,属于“人与社会”主题语境下的“跨文化沟通”主题群,也涉及“人与自我”主题语境下的“生活与学习”主题群 【What】故事讲述了作者在旅途过程中与中国本地的一名基建工人交流的际遇与收获。文章共包括三个自然段,第一段交代了故事背景和文章主题。第二段交代了两人交流的具体细节。第三段为评议部分,分享了作者在这次不寻常的火车之旅中得到的启示。 【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行,必有我师”的道理。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影,启示了青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心,保持开放心态,那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。同时,文章对中国基建工人塑造的艰难谋生仍不忘学习、追求诗与远方的正面形象也传达了对中华民族、文化的认同和尊崇,有利引导青少年铸牢文化自信底色。 【How】文章241词,短小精悍,结构清晰,篇章模式符合拉波夫模式,第一人称的叙事视角有助读者代入角色,跟随主人公一起享受美妙的火车际遇。 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 【考点分析】 本题主要考查学生在具体的语境中运用词汇知识的能力,考查学生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段间、句内及句间联系的基础上,准确判断和选择符合特定上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词、副词及词组等。 考点词性分布 考点词性 设题数 试题编号 动词 (动词短语) 6 42,45,46,48,50,51 名词 3 41,44,49 形容词 3 43,47,52 副词 0 语言能力 认知能力 试题编号 句子语义逻辑 理解、 分析、 应用 46,49 语段逻辑 42,43,44,45,50 语篇逻辑 41,47,48,51,52,53,54,55 考点类型分布 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 Part 2 解题策略 Part 1在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 Tip 1: 重视首句传递的信息 文章体裁 人物身份 全文主旨 下文内容 作者态度 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. 记叙文(5w1h) 作者在旅途中与中国当地基建工人的 进行了一次对话,从中颇为受教。 对话详情?有何收获? positive:“humbling, educational, wonderful,...long for 从作者选词、措辞把握作者态度 I (a foreign traveler)、 a young Chinese worker 37 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 37 主题语境由主题和语境两个概念合成。主题一般是语篇背后的一种思想、情感或价值观念,是作者想要表达的东西,也可以理解为篇章的主旨或立意。(by 王彦鹏) 语境则是指语言交际的环境,一般分为语言语境(篇章内部的环境或是上下文)、情景语境(篇章发生时周围的情况、事件性质、参与者的关系、时间、地点、方式等)、文化语境(说话者或者作者所在的语言社团的历史、文化和风俗人情)。(by 胡壮麟) 思考: 篇章的主旨是什么?(作者想要通过文章表达什么?) 在该语境中,作者会选用什么措辞来表达自己的情感和思想? Tip 2: 速读全文,基于主题语境解题 主题语境由主题和语境两个概念合成。主题一般是语篇背后的一种思想、情感或价值观念,是作者想要表达的东西,也可以理解为篇章的主旨或立意。 (by 王彦鹏) 语境则是指语言交际的环境,一般分为语言语境(篇章内部的环境或是上下文)、情景语境(篇章发生时周围的情况、事件性质、参与者的关系、时间、地点、方式等)、文化语境(说话者或者作者所在的语言社团的历史、文化和风俗人情)。 (by 胡壮麟) While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. ……Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life. 【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行,必有我师”的道理(51空:如果不是遇到这位工人师傅,我可能仍会依赖定势思维评判事物;55空:三人行有我师)。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影,启示了(53空:建筑工人展现的品质让我受启发)青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心,保持开放心态,那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。 Tip 2: 速读全文,基于主题语境解题 47,结合主题,应选表达作者积极态度的词 54,结合情景语境,应用表达旅途的词 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 Tip 3: 宏观分析篇章, 把握故事情节、变化 40 利用拉波夫叙事分析模式分析语篇 美国语言学家拉波夫(Labov)的叙事分析模式在西方叙事学中有着重要的影响,他的分析模式来源于对个人口头叙事材料的研究,后来提出一个完整的叙事结构,应包含以下六个部分:点题(Abstract)、指向(Orientation)、进展(Complication)、评议(Evaluation)、结局(Resolution)和回应(Coda)。在实际的语篇中,某些部分复杂的连接和镶嵌是客观存在的,比如有时进展和结局难以区分开来。另外,一篇叙事语篇并不一定包含所有六个要素。 (一)点题 点题是叙事者在进行叙述故事之前对故事大意进行简要的概括,提前告诉读者“What was the narration (of the story) about?”。叙事者一般在故事开头用一两句话来总结故事梗概。除此以外,像小说的标题、电影的片名、戏剧的剧名都可以作为点题。因此,假如故事本身就有标题,它可以用来作为对叙述故事的概括。很有可能故事的开头找不到一两句概括故事内容的话,也没有标题,学生必须要在阅读全文的过程中逐渐形成对故事的整体感知,这就对学生的阅读能力提出了更高的要求。 (二)指向 指向是在故事伊始,叙事者对时间、地点、人物以及背景等外部因素的描述。它告诉读者“When and where did the story happen?”“Who was involved in the story?”等背景信息。我们可以把指向理解为叙事者为故事主题的叙述摆好时空的舞台,请上关键的人物角色。这一部分是帮助读者建立故事的时空概念,很容易将读者进入到故事中,吸引人往下联想“What would happen then?”。需要指出的是,用来表示指向的基本上是非叙事句和时间、地点状语等. (三)进展 进展是故事本身的发生和事态的发展。它是叙事结构的核心部分,占据语篇大多数篇幅,告诉人们“How did the story evolve?”。通常由一系列以时间为顺序排列的叙事句构成,也会包含一些对话。通过分析故事的进展部分,我们可以发现叙事句的谓语动词以一般过去时的形式为主。故事随着时间的推移不断地发展演变,呈现出线性的结构,让读者有一条清晰可循的思路。因此,读者在阅读过程中只要抓住核心人物,重点关注一连串的动词,就能够把握叙事的进展,理清故事的情节。 (四)评议 评议是叙事结构非常重要的因素。它是指叙事者或者故事中相关的人物对事件的看法、态度和心理,包含对故事的起因、结果以及过程中事件要点的评议。评议包含直接评议和间接评议。评议往往渗透在叙事结构当中,在相对单调的叙事过程中增强了故事的感染力,生动地刻画了人物的形象,有助于读者形成对人物和事件的看法。 (五)结局 结局是故事的完结,包括人物的最终命运或目标的成败。 (六)回应 回应是主人公从发生的事情里学会的道理或发出的感叹,是故事的价值和现实意义的体现,它将读者拉回现实,是连接故事和现实的纽带。 40 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___50___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life. 点题:我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人 有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的、美妙的相遇。 指向:新朋友几乎不会说英语,于是我趁机练习中文,为下午与该中国工人进行对话铺垫 进展:从对话中了解中国工人直面生活的惨淡仍热爱生活、追求学习的故事 评议:作者对中国工人积极的看法与态度 回应:回应主题,从别人的故事回到对自己的启发 变化的是流逝的光阴, 不变的是坚韧、好学的优秀品质 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 Tip 4: 微观分析篇章模式, 关注衔接、连贯、语境 42 谢宗春(2016)指出,主题信息词指表达、反映文本主题,对阅读具有触发、链接、卷入、升华特征的词汇或语块,是文本中最关键的“信息词”。主题信息词在阅读语篇中往往易于捕捉,多出现在标题、文章首尾段,亦或是贯穿整个语篇。教师在解读文本时,应以主题信息词为语义磁场的中心,将其它信息和段落加以梳理、重组和整合,旨在将与相关话题的词汇知识、语法结构等连接成语篇主题网络,从而实现以阅读的主题意义为主导的整体教学。 42 完形填空篇章分析(微观结构) 43 完形填空 篇章分析 (微观结构) 43 完形填空 篇章分析 (微观结构) 衔接 语法衔接 词汇衔接 逻辑联系语 连贯 语境 完形填空篇章微观结构分析之衔接 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___50___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life. Tip4.1利用语法衔接(照应)助力解题 “the 44” 指示照应对方不会说英语 “My 43” 人称照应上文提到的一个年请的中国小伙走向“我”;my new friend照应了上文的“a young Chinese man” 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 完形填空篇章微观结构分析之词汇衔接 完形填空篇章分析 (微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系) 复现关系:某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词重复出现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。 原词复现 eg. The two man at the counter read the menu.From the other end of counter Ben watched them. 同义词、近义词复现 eg. He got many presents from his friends . All the gifts were wrapped in colored paper. 上义词指的是那些表示意义较概括的词,它们的词义包括了 下义词的词义。例如,animal L sheep, tiger,wolf, dog 等的上义 词,sheep, tiger等词则是animal的下义词。下面是几个通过上下 义词而形成的复现关系的例子: (4)Yesterday,a pigeon carried the first message from Pin- hurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. 第二句的bird 是第一句的 pigeon 的上义词,这样就出现了上义词 复现关系。 (5) Steve and Deborah are both doctors. She is a surgeon ··. 在这里,sirgeon doctor的下义词,因而就构成了下义词复现关 系。又如: (6)You will need to take some tools with you. You can gel a hammer, a saw and a screwdriver from most big department stores. 上下义复现 上义词指的是那些表示意义较概括的词,它们的词义包括了下义词的词义。例如,animal 是 sheep, tiger,wolf, dog 等的上义词,sheep, tiger等词则是animal的下义词。 eg. You will need to take some tools with you. You can get a hammer, a saw and a screwdriver from most big department stores. 完形填空篇章分析 (微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系) 概括词复现 概括词指的是那些表示一般意义的词。例如,people, man, woman,thing, place, do, make 等都是概括词。概括词与其所指 的词构成的衔接是通过概括词复现关系。 eg. Can you tell me where to stay in Geneva?I've never been to the place. 后一句中的概括词 place和前面的Geneva构成相互衔接关系。 完形填空篇章分析 (微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系) 完形填空篇章分析 (微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系) 同现关系:同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性(co-occurrence tendency)。在语篇中,围绕着一定的话题,一定的词就往往会同时出现,而其他一些词就不大可能会出现或根本不会出现,其中,词汇链值得引起关注。在语言实践中,人们发现有些在意义上相互联系的词语常常同时出现在同一语篇中,这些词语属于同一个词汇套,形成了词汇链(lexical chain),因而,当人们遇到其中一个(些)词语时,便会联想到词汇套中的另一些词。如,听(读)到“邮局”时,人们通常会联想到“寄信”、“汇款”、“打电报 所以,当一个词汇套的词语出现在一个语篇·中时,这些词语就能衔接句子,起着连句成篇的左右。 bowl of the afternoon pipe of the wrathful skipper, down in his close cabin,fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little 'prentice boy on deck. Chance people on the brides peeping over the parapets into a nether sky of fog,with fog all round them··. (Charles Dickens:Bleak House) 在这一段里,fog一词一共重复出现13次。 §6.1.2 词汇的同现关系 同现关系指的是词汇共同出现 的倾向性(co-occurrence tendency)。在语篇中,围绕着一定的话 题,一定的词就往往会同时出现,而其他一些词就不大可能会出 现或根本不会出现。例如,在一篇探讨汉语词的分类的文章中,可 以预料会出现“名词”、“动词”、“形容词”、“副词”等词语,但 不大可能会出现“叫号电话”、“叫人电话”、“传呼电话”这种词 语,但如果文章谈的是有关长途电话的种类,那就会出现“叫号 电话”这类词语,而不会出现“名词”这类词语。这种词的同现关 系与语篇范围(field of discourse)关系密切。词汇的同现关系包括 反义关系、互补关系等。例如: (10)Jane is a good teather, but she is a bad wife. 在这个例子中,good 和 bad 是一对反义词,因而构成了反义同 现。 互补词的互补性指的是非彼即此或非此即彼,所以互补词不 同于反义词。反义词的两极之间可以有表示不同程度性质的词语, 体现对立的层次性,如 hor-eold 这对反义词之间可加进 warm. tepid,lukewarm,cool等词。互补词在意义上是相互排斥的,如 single-married.dead-alive,husband-wife,male-female,man-wom- ·125. 完形填空篇章分析 (微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系) Jane is a good teather, but she is a bad wife. (反义同现) Discrimination is undoubtedly practised against women in the field of scientific research. We don't find men complaining that they are not being interviewed for positions that they are clearly qualified to fill. (互补同现:两句之间的衔接主要是依靠互补词men和women的对照。) A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universties in the country. After four years,they receive a bachelor's degree.Some continue studying for a master's degree and perhaps a doctor's degree.(高中毕业后教育的词汇链) 意义相关联的词汇经常在一个语篇中同时出现(共现),形成词汇链(lexical chain),读者可以把其中的一些词汇的出现看做是一个signal,对接下来可能出现的词汇做出预测。 如:文章的开头出现了school,这个词的覆盖范围可以包括:students, teachers, study, learning, class, grade, score, activity, bully, campus…(主题相关) bowl of the afternoon pipe of the wrathful skipper, down in his close cabin,fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little 'prentice boy on deck. Chance people on the brides peeping over the parapets into a nether sky of fog,with fog all round them··. (Charles Dickens:Bleak House) 在这一段里,fog一词一共重复出现13次。 §6.1.2 词汇的同现关系 同现关系指的是词汇共同出现 的倾向性(co-occurrence tendency)。在语篇中,围绕着一定的话 题,一定的词就往往会同时出现,而其他一些词就不大可能会出 现或根本不会出现。例如,在一篇探讨汉语词的分类的文章中,可 以预料会出现“名词”、“动词”、“形容词”、“副词”等词语,但 不大可能会出现“叫号电话”、“叫人电话”、“传呼电话”这种词 语,但如果文章谈的是有关长途电话的种类,那就会出现“叫号 电话”这类词语,而不会出现“名词”这类词语。这种词的同现关 系与语篇范围(field of discourse)关系密切。词汇的同现关系包括 反义关系、互补关系等。例如: (10)Jane is a good teather, but she is a bad wife. 在这个例子中,good 和 bad 是一对反义词,因而构成了反义同 现。 互补词的互补性指的是非彼即此或非此即彼,所以互补词不 同于反义词。反义词的两极之间可以有表示不同程度性质的词语, 体现对立的层次性,如 hor-eold 这对反义词之间可加进 warm. tepid,lukewarm,cool等词。互补词在意义上是相互排斥的,如 single-married.dead-alive,husband-wife,male-female,man-wom- ·125. While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___50___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life. Tip4.2利用词汇衔接(复现、同现)助力解题 “46” 词汇复现 48 词汇同现, 文章的关键词为“交谈”,此处应与词汇链“口头说”有关 49 词汇复现, 下文的authors 与其相关,年轻小伙与作者探讨了美国作家,又探讨了俄国作家 “52” 词汇复现,上文的studying为近义复现 54词汇复现 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 完形填空篇章微观结构分析之逻辑联系语 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___50___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life. Tip4.3利用逻辑关系语助力解题 根据语境,利用句内逻辑关系解题:去技能学校学习以便掌握手艺养家糊口 44除照应线索外,逻辑联系语so也是线索:因为对方不懂英语,所以我有机会用中文与其沟通 “49”:利用逻辑关系语and体现的增补关系解题:讨论了美国作家,接着讨论俄国作家 在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时,我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的,最重要的是,美妙的相遇。在火车上,一个年轻的中国男子向我走来。我的新朋友几乎不会说英语,所以我很高兴地利用这个机会练习我的中文。 在几个小时的时间里,他会告诉我他是如何上了一个两年制的专业学校,以便很快找到一份修建高速公路的工作来养家糊口的。然而,也许最值得注意的是,这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。在询问美国作家对文学的整体影响之前,他会毫不犹豫地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话。“你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少?”我记得他有一次问我。 我很容易相信我对这位从未离开过家几百英里的公路建设者的假设。但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。在几个小时的时间里,他向我展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。 Part 3 备考建议 (完形填空)要求考生: 在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上, 关注具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系, 考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用。 (教育部教育考试院:2023年高考英语全国卷试题评析) 建议: 1. 加强语篇意识和语篇知识的强化,有意识地进行篇章分析。 2. 把握语篇的主题与主线,利用主题意义、作者情感态度帮助解题。遇到难以排除的干扰项时,要学会从主题关联的角度来打开思路,破解难题。 3. 多思考设空所在句子在段落中的作用以及与段落其他句子的语义逻辑关系。 4. 深入理解完形填空语篇如何通过词汇链等手段实现上下文语意连贯,读懂上下文的内在牵制。 5. 加强分析长难句的能力。有的同学在答题时觉得蒙,与文章句子的复杂程度大有关。 如41空所在句子共38词,含从句、连词+分词的结构; 45、46空所在句子共30词,含多个状语; 47空所在句子共19词,含倒装句、插入语、同位语从句; 51空所在句子共25词,含虚拟语气、定语从句。 ;另一方面,学生的语篇理解与分析推理能力仍有待提高,主要存在三个问题:一是 只抓住局部信息进行解构,未能对语篇进行整体阅读,并利用主题意义帮助解题(52 题); 二是未能自觉判断设空所在句子在段落中的作用以及与段落其他句子的语义逻辑关系,因而 造成上下文推理出现偏差(45 题、47 题、51 题);三是未能基于文本描述将故事情境视觉 化,以帮助理解故事的情节推进(51 题)。针对上述问题,我们提出以下备考建议: 1.聚焦语篇逻辑。从学生的答题情况看,可以在同一语段内进行语义逻辑判断的题目 得分率要优于基于语篇逻辑判断的题目,因此训练完形填空除了在语段里讲逻辑,更多的要 提高学生整体阅读能力。训练学生熟悉不同体裁语篇的结构,培养语段和语篇的逻辑思维习 惯,多从 Top-down 的思路,结合 global reading 进行分析,这样才能在区分度高的题目中稳 操胜券。 2.掌握命题规律。使用高考真题先进行无选项填空练习,再给出选项,帮助学生深入 了解完形填空命题特点和规律。课堂上要提供思维碰撞的平台,让学生讲题,小组论题,口 头析题,帮助学生深入理解完形填空语篇如何通过词汇链等手段实现上下文语意连贯,读懂 上下文的内在牵制。教会学生把握语篇的主题与主线,遇到难以排除的干扰项时,要学会从 主题关联的角度来打开思路,破解难题。 3.优化词汇复习。引导学生深入了解完形填空选项词汇的特点和规律(考查词汇和短 语在特定语境中的意义和用法),并据此巩固核心词汇知识。可以分析近年高考真题中的选 项词汇特点,结合对历年完形高频词的梳理,查漏补缺,归类巩固,减少因词义不熟练而造 成的失分。一方面对词汇常用意义和用法要熟烂于心,另一方面,要进一步帮助学生熟练掌 握一词多义的破解之法。此外,要把主题词汇复习与思维含量高的语篇活动结合起来,通过 在具体语境中的语言运用,同步带动主题词汇复习和阅读与表达能力的综合培养。 【思维建模/应试策略】一、关注首句,领会大意通过首句可以明确文章话题,了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔,通过尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。例:From my second grade on,there was one event I feared every year:the piano recital(独奏会)和尾句的With his first recital,my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30­plus years ago.表明了文章的主旨:作者本来很反感弹钢琴,但是父亲的行为感动了自己。作者认为他的实际行动比30多年以前说的话更有感染力。 二、注重语境,理清行文逻辑夹叙夹议文以叙述为主,绝大部分篇幅是在描述事件,而作者的观点及态度往往隐含在叙述中,这就要求考生增强语篇意识,抓住文章的叙事线索,弄清文章的内在逻辑关系,根据上下文内容做出选择,并适当进行逻辑推理是解题的关键。 三、找准标志词,弄清故事发展模式夹叙夹议文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。考生应注意观察文章的结构特点,根据表达这些手段的衔接词来正确理解故事情节。常见标志词有:(1)并列关系:and,not only...but also,that is to say等;(2)因果关系:because,for,so that,in order that,due to,thanks to,thus,therefore,so等;(3)对比关系:while,whereas,as,rather than,instead of等;(4)转折关系:although,though,even if,nevertheless,despite,but,yet,however,on the contrary等;(5)递进关系:also,then,besides,in addition,furthermore,what’s more等;(6)顺序关系:first,then,on the one hand等;(7)转变话题:by the way,what I really mean...等。 Application & Transfer 1.Apply the instructions for doing the cloze in the following new passages within given time. 2.Explore how to make reasonable inference and read for information by analyzing the context in the passages in groups. 3.Reflect on your group work and voice your opinions about the methods of doing the exercises. Explore how to do narration cloze with comments by reading and finishing the 3 passages chosen. Requirements: 1. Finish the 3 passages in 45 minutes. 2. Skim the passage as a whole and get the main idea, and find the clues in the context. 阶段二 Passage 1【2022·新高考I卷】 41 CADCB 46 ADBAC 51 ADCDB Passage 2【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B Passage 3 (2023山师附中高三6月模拟) 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.B 61.D 62.C 63.B 64.B 65.D 66.A 67.C 68.C 69.B 70.B Passage 4【2022河北衡水二模 记叙文】 41.A BCDB     46.ABDAC    51.CACDB Passage 5【2021河北邯郸 夹议夹叙文】 41.CDCBA     46.BACDA    51.CBADD 如何提高能力技巧 一、提高阅读能力(速度、理解) 二、打好语法基础 三、扩充词汇量(词汇是完型之根,动词、名词为主) 四、增长生活常识,培养广泛的兴趣爱好 五、坚持每天做两篇,以提高实战能力 总结--解题方法 总的原则: “先完意,后完形”。 八字方针: 上下求索,瞻前顾后。 三步曲: 读——填——读 完型填空非魔咒,记得瞻前又顾后。 三分在前七分后,带入原文把意凑。 顾全大局玩得溜,查完别改免内疚。 日常词汇积累够,考场不慌数你秀。 林式完型黑话 Extension & Test Learning Aims 1.Review how to do the cloze by rereading the passages and words and expressions as a whole. 2.Reconstruct all the related knowledge & information on the cloze with comments by the Test. 3.Share your own ways or understanding for doing the cloze with comments. Assess your progress by filling the blanks. Requirements: 1. Finish the tasks in 45 minutes. 阶段三 Passage 1:21-25 BADAD 26-30 CCDBA 31-35 CABBD Passage 2:21-25 ABDAB 26-30 CBACD 31-35 BADCD Passage 3:21-25 CBDDA 26-30 BCADC 31-35 ADBCA Passage 4:21-25 ACADA 26-30 BABDC 31-35 ADCCB Passage 5:21-25 CABDC 26-30 BCAAB 31-35 DACBD Passage 6:21-25 CADCA 26-30 ACABB 31-35 BDCAB $$

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2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件
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2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件
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2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件
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2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件
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2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件
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2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件
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