专题10 概要写作精选10篇【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题10 概要写作精选10篇 （原题版） 1．（23-24高一上·上海奉贤·期中）Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（23-24高一上·上海宝山·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In Europe, more than half of 100 designers employed in the car-making industry are art graduate. Carmakers such as Audi, Jaguar and Ford all have artists designing new cars for the future. It goes without saying that new models are incorporating the latest technology. However, increasingly the cars of tomorrow are designed with artistic styles. Nowadays, customers demand that their new cars look as up-to-date and fashionable as possible. Artists are not only designing cars. Increasingly, art students are influencing modern architecture, including the designing of new buildings. Artists are also helping with the restoration of old buildings by using specialized techniques learnt at art school. Interestingly, artists are also finding ways of making life easier for us. Recently, one young artist has received a design award for a lifting aid. The newly-designed aid is a simple supportive framework that helps people who care for the weak or sick to lift their patients more easily. Another art student has received an award for creating a revolutionary baby feeder. The artist invented a tool that allows parents to feed small children with only one hand. The marriage between art and business is set to continue. Industry recognizes the importance and value of young artists designing for the future. As one art professor commented, “Today, people understand that problems can be solved using artists’ eyes.” 3．（23-24高一上·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Walking Is Not Enough All of us need to exercise. However, not everyone has the time or desire to join a gym. Everyone can walk, though! But how can a person with an inactive lifestyle walk for exercise? The key is to set an attainable goal. Just by doing daily chores, an inactive person probably already takes around two thousand steps per day. For exercise purpose, the aim should then be to walk more over time. A popular exercise goal for people these days is ten thousand steps per day. Reaching a certain number of steps is not enough, however. Casual, slow walking does not really exercise the heart. It does not burn many calories, either. Health benefits result from at least thirty minutes of daily moderate-intensity exercise. The intensity of a workout only needs to be enough to increase a person’s heart rate. Simply walking fast can do that. Keep in mind, though, that such fast walking needs to continue for at least ten minutes. Five minutes of fast walking six times a day will not benefits one’s health. Three 10-minute sessions can total thirty minutes per day. And that daily goal should be met five times per week. Dr Vicki Harber is a researcher at the University of Alberta in Canada. She says, “People might not pay much attention to the pace or effort invested in taking those steps.” With a ten-thousand step daily target, Harber recommends that about one-third of those daily steps should be at a faster pace. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（23-24高一上·上海普陀·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation(归咎)  and harden our hearts. We are incredibly careless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit (不正当的) passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished (消失). In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory. Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions (信仰) ; indeed, we have a natural repugnance (反感) to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（23-24高一上·上海松江·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Once upon a time a man became a great archer (射手). He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said,“Wait, my king. I know an old man who lives in the forest. He is a much greater archer. Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years. ” The man could not believe that there could be a greater archer than him, but he went and found the old man and he was! For three years he learned from him. Then one day, when he thought he had learned everything, the thought arose in him, “If I kill this old man, then I will be the greatest archer.” The old man had gone to cut wood and he was coming back carrying wood on his shoulder. The young man hid behind a tree, waiting to kill him. He shot an arrow. The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it. It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man badly. The old man came, took out the arrow and said, “I knew that some day or other you were going to do this. That’s why I have not taught you this secret. There is no need to kill me. My master is still alive, and I’m nothing better than him. It would take you at least thirty years to learn from him. Actually, one can never be the greatest.” 6．（22-23高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Good morning ladies and gentlemen. Let me first start by introducing myself. I’m Dr. Stanley Amaladas, a child psychologist attached to the University of Manitoba, Canada. Today, I would like to share with you a little about video games. I have children at home and I know how much they love playing video games. In fact, children would sometimes skip meals and family outings just to spend time in front of the computers playing these games. Often, we think it’s just a phase they will outgrow, but more often than not, they do not outgrow it. The dangers of such games are many. For one, when children spend hours in front of the computer screens, nothing else matters. They lose interest in their studies. What becomes a priority, is their game. They become addicted to the games and will become agitated (不安的) if they do not get their daily ‘fix’. Moreover, when children spend so much time alone in their little virtual world, they have no interest in socializing (参与社交) with other children. This will lead to antisocial behavior. These games are expensive too. An original copy of the Counter Strike game children these days are so fond of, can easily cost a hundred dollars at least. Nevertheless, they are willing to spend their entire allowance on just one game. But all is not lost. In my next session, I will share with you, what we, as parents can do to tackle (处理) this problem. For now, I thank you for your kind attention. 7．（22-23高一上·上海长宁·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Richard Branson: Rags to Riches Richard Branson was not a good student. In fact, he quit school at the age of 16. That, however, did not stop him from becoming successful. Today, this billionaire is formally known as Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson. And he is one of the richest men in the United Kingdom. He is worth about US$4.6 billion. He even owns his own island. After he left school, Richard started a magazine called Student. It was an overnight success. From there, he got involved in the record industry. He started a successful record store in London. After that, he started a record label called Virgin Records. Clearly, music has been important to Richard’s success, but it is not the only thing he is involved in. He is the founder of the Virgin Group, which employs more than fifty thousand people and operates in fifty different countries. The groups is made up of hundreds of companies. Perhaps you have flown on a Virgin Airlines plane or bought music from a Virgin Megastore. If you dream of space travel, Virgin Galactic might be able to one day make that dream a reality. The key to Sir Richard Branson’s success has been his ability to connect with people. He may not have gotten the best grades in school, but he is a charming and likeable businessman. Sir Richard’s story is unusual, but it provides hope to people all over the world. From average beginnings to great success, his story is truly one of “rags to riches.” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（22-23高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again. The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems. The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes. But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly. Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control. They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise. For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．（22-23·上海宝山·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. e-learning: Hazy past—better future? How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid. Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used. However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．（22-23·上海静安·期中） Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱) The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it. Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day. Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine. Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题10 概要写作精选10篇 （解析版） 1．（23-24高一上·上海奉贤·期中）Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. “Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori. With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.” What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip. An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gossip has three effects. First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors. So, people should consider the effects of gossiping. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传播流言带来的影响。先用对话引出现象，再对产生的三个影响分别作了详细的解释说明，最后提出作者观点——在传播流言之前请三思而行。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip. ②An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. ③That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. ④Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. ⑤The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. 2.缜密构思 将1，5两个要点进行概括整理，将2，3，4 三个要点进行梳理。 3.遣词造句 First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors. 【点睛】[高分句型1] ：First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about.  运用一个简单句对第四段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] ：Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. 运用了动名词作主语对第五段内容进行概括。 2．（23-24高一上·上海宝山·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In Europe, more than half of 100 designers employed in the car-making industry are art graduate. Carmakers such as Audi, Jaguar and Ford all have artists designing new cars for the future. It goes without saying that new models are incorporating the latest technology. However, increasingly the cars of tomorrow are designed with artistic styles. Nowadays, customers demand that their new cars look as up-to-date and fashionable as possible. Artists are not only designing cars. Increasingly, art students are influencing modern architecture, including the designing of new buildings. Artists are also helping with the restoration of old buildings by using specialized techniques learnt at art school. Interestingly, artists are also finding ways of making life easier for us. Recently, one young artist has received a design award for a lifting aid. The newly-designed aid is a simple supportive framework that helps people who care for the weak or sick to lift their patients more easily. Another art student has received an award for creating a revolutionary baby feeder. The artist invented a tool that allows parents to feed small children with only one hand. The marriage between art and business is set to continue. Industry recognizes the importance and value of young artists designing for the future. As one art professor commented, “Today, people understand that problems can be solved using artists’ eyes.” 【答案】It’s a trend to combine art with industry to meet the customers’ need of the latest technology as well as artistic and fashionable styles. Artists are employed to design cars, buildings and interior decoration. Moreover, the artists design devices to make life easier. There will be a greater recognition of the importance and value of artists designing for the future. (60 words) 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术与工业相结合已经成为一种趋势，艺术家会设计汽车、建筑和室内装饰，人们相信艺术家为未来设计的重要性。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Nowadays, customers demand that their new cars look as up-to-date and fashionable as possible. ②Artists are not only designing cars. ③Interestingly, artists are also finding ways of making life easier for us. ④The marriage between art and business is set to continue. 2.缜密构思 将1、4两个要点进行重组，将2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The combination of art and industry is a trend to meet customers' needs for the latest technology and artistic and fashion styles. Artists are employed in designing cars, architecture and interior decoration. In addition, devices are designed by the artists to makes life easier. People will be more aware of the importance and value of artists' designing for the future. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s a trend to combine art with industry to meet the customers’ need of the latest technology as well as artistic and fashionable styles.对原文第一段和第四段进行了概括。其中it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语比较高级。 【高分句型2】Moreover, the artists design devices to make life easier.运用make复合结构对原文第三段进行了概括。其中make复合结构比较高级。 3．（23-24高一上·上海闵行·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Walking Is Not Enough All of us need to exercise. However, not everyone has the time or desire to join a gym. Everyone can walk, though! But how can a person with an inactive lifestyle walk for exercise? The key is to set an attainable goal. Just by doing daily chores, an inactive person probably already takes around two thousand steps per day. For exercise purpose, the aim should then be to walk more over time. A popular exercise goal for people these days is ten thousand steps per day. Reaching a certain number of steps is not enough, however. Casual, slow walking does not really exercise the heart. It does not burn many calories, either. Health benefits result from at least thirty minutes of daily moderate-intensity exercise. The intensity of a workout only needs to be enough to increase a person’s heart rate. Simply walking fast can do that. Keep in mind, though, that such fast walking needs to continue for at least ten minutes. Five minutes of fast walking six times a day will not benefits one’s health. Three 10-minute sessions can total thirty minutes per day. And that daily goal should be met five times per week. Dr Vicki Harber is a researcher at the University of Alberta in Canada. She says, “People might not pay much attention to the pace or effort invested in taking those steps.” With a ten-thousand step daily target, Harber recommends that about one-third of those daily steps should be at a faster pace. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Walking at a fast pace can increase a person’s heart rate and benefit one’s health. Ten thousand steps per day is OK. People need to pay attention to more than just the number of steps they take, though. Walk fast and aim for a workout of moderate intensity for at least thirty minutes five times per week. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，快走可以加快心率，对健康有益。每天走一万步就可以了。然而，人们需要注意的不仅仅是行走的步数。快走，以中等强度的锻炼为目标，每周至少锻炼五次，每次30分钟。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①A popular exercise goal for people these days is ten thousand steps per day. Casual, slow walking does not really exercise the heart. It does not burn many calories, either. Health benefits result from at least thirty minutes of daily moderate-intensity exercise. ②The intensity of a workout only needs to be enough to increase a person’s heart rate. Simply walking fast can do that. ③Three 10-minute sessions can total thirty minutes per day. And that daily goal should be met five times per week. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Walking at a fast pace can increase a person’s heart rate and benefit one’s health. Ten thousand steps per day is OK. People need to pay attention to more than just the number of steps they take, though. Walk fast and aim for a workout of moderate intensity for at least thirty minutes five times per week. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Walking at a fast pace can increase a person’s heart rate and benefit one’s health.运用动名词作主语对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] People need to pay attention to more than just the number of steps they take, though.运用省略that或者which引导的定语从句对第三段进行了概括。 4．（23-24高一上·上海普陀·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation(归咎)  and harden our hearts. We are incredibly careless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit (不正当的) passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished (消失). In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory. Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions (信仰) ; indeed, we have a natural repugnance (反感) to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been careless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第三种思维出现的场景以及背后的原因。 【详解】1 要点摘录 1.A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. 2.We are incredibly careless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit (不正当的) passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. 3.It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. 4.We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished (消失). 5.Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions (信仰) ; 6.We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, 7.The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行改写；将第2、3两个要点进行重组；将第4、5个要点进行改写；将第6、7两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been careless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced.   We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong.运用一个时间状语从句中包含宾语从句的复杂句型。其中when引导的状语从句、that引导的宾语等表达高级。 [高分句型2] We do not study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed to believe, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do. 用分句连接并列成分，概括整合最后一段内容，结构整齐。此外运用了as引导的状语从句，表达非常高级。 5．（23-24高一上·上海松江·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 100 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Once upon a time a man became a great archer (射手). He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said,“Wait, my king. I know an old man who lives in the forest. He is a much greater archer. Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years. ” The man could not believe that there could be a greater archer than him, but he went and found the old man and he was! For three years he learned from him. Then one day, when he thought he had learned everything, the thought arose in him, “If I kill this old man, then I will be the greatest archer.” The old man had gone to cut wood and he was coming back carrying wood on his shoulder. The young man hid behind a tree, waiting to kill him. He shot an arrow. The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it. It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man badly. The old man came, took out the arrow and said, “I knew that some day or other you were going to do this. That’s why I have not taught you this secret. There is no need to kill me. My master is still alive, and I’m nothing better than him. It would take you at least thirty years to learn from him. Actually, one can never be the greatest.” 【答案】Once a great young archer asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest. And he did so. Three years later, to become the greatest archer, he shot an arrow at the old man, but the old man threw a small piece of wood to strike the arrow. Instead of hurting the old man, the arrow wounded himself badly. The old man said that there was no need killing him because his master was a greater archer alive than him. 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位年轻的弓箭手要求国王宣布他为全国最伟大的弓箭手。一位森林里的老者找到国王，建议年轻人向更伟大的弓箭手学习，也就是他自己。三年后，为了成为最伟大的弓箭手，他设计想杀死老人，但是老人却巧妙还击，并告诉他自己的师父比自己还要优秀，没有人能成为最好的弓箭手。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Once upon a time a man became a great archer. He asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. ②The king was about to do so when an old servant of the king said,“Wait, my king. I know an old man who lives in the forest. He is a much greater archer. Let this young man go to him and learn from him for at least three years. ” ③For three years he learned from him. Then one day, when he thought he had learned everything, the thought arose in him, “If I kill this old man, then I will be the greatest archer.” ④The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it. It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man badly. ⑤There is no need to kill me. My master is still alive, and I’m nothing better than him. It would take you at least thirty years to learn from him. Actually, one can never be the greatest. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第1、5两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest. Three years later, to become the greatest archer, he shot an arrow at the old man, but the old man threw a small piece of wood to strike the arrow. Instead of hurting the old man, the arrow wounded himself badly. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Once a great young archer asked the king to declare him as the greatest archer of the country. But he was advised to learn from the greater archer, an old man in the forest.运用转折连词but对原文第一段进行概括。其中包含被动语态的使用，为高级表达。 [高分句型2]The old man said that there was no need killing him because his master was a greater archer alive than him. 用that 引导宾语从句和because引导原因状语从句点出文章主题，句式较复杂，表达高级。 6．（22-23高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Good morning ladies and gentlemen. Let me first start by introducing myself. I’m Dr. Stanley Amaladas, a child psychologist attached to the University of Manitoba, Canada. Today, I would like to share with you a little about video games. I have children at home and I know how much they love playing video games. In fact, children would sometimes skip meals and family outings just to spend time in front of the computers playing these games. Often, we think it’s just a phase they will outgrow, but more often than not, they do not outgrow it. The dangers of such games are many. For one, when children spend hours in front of the computer screens, nothing else matters. They lose interest in their studies. What becomes a priority, is their game. They become addicted to the games and will become agitated (不安的) if they do not get their daily ‘fix’. Moreover, when children spend so much time alone in their little virtual world, they have no interest in socializing (参与社交) with other children. This will lead to antisocial behavior. These games are expensive too. An original copy of the Counter Strike game children these days are so fond of, can easily cost a hundred dollars at least. Nevertheless, they are willing to spend their entire allowance on just one game. But all is not lost. In my next session, I will share with you, what we, as parents can do to tackle (处理) this problem. For now, I thank you for your kind attention. 【答案】Video games can bring about a lot of ill effects. Children playing too much video games will lose interest in study. The games can be addictive. Besides, children become antisocial because they hardly mix with people. In addition, children tend to spend too much money on these expensive games. 【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了游戏对孩子的几点危害。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①I would like to share with you a little about video games; ②They lose interest in their studies and become addicted to the games; ③This will lead to antisocial behavior; ④They are willing to spend their entire allowance on just one game. 2.缜密构思 将要点1作为一个要点；将第2、3、4作为三个并列要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Video games can bring about a lot of ill effects. Children playing too much video games will lose interest in study. The games can be addictive. Besides, children become antisocial because they hardly mix with people. In addition, children tend to spend too much money on these expensive games. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Children playing too much video games will lose interest in study.（运用了现在分词作后置定语） [高分句型2]Besides, children become antisocial because they hardly mix with people.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 7．（22-23高一上·上海长宁·期中）Directions: Read the following passage and write a summary in no more than 60 words. The original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use. Richard Branson: Rags to Riches Richard Branson was not a good student. In fact, he quit school at the age of 16. That, however, did not stop him from becoming successful. Today, this billionaire is formally known as Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson. And he is one of the richest men in the United Kingdom. He is worth about US$4.6 billion. He even owns his own island. After he left school, Richard started a magazine called Student. It was an overnight success. From there, he got involved in the record industry. He started a successful record store in London. After that, he started a record label called Virgin Records. Clearly, music has been important to Richard’s success, but it is not the only thing he is involved in. He is the founder of the Virgin Group, which employs more than fifty thousand people and operates in fifty different countries. The groups is made up of hundreds of companies. Perhaps you have flown on a Virgin Airlines plane or bought music from a Virgin Megastore. If you dream of space travel, Virgin Galactic might be able to one day make that dream a reality. The key to Sir Richard Branson’s success has been his ability to connect with people. He may not have gotten the best grades in school, but he is a charming and likeable businessman. Sir Richard’s story is unusual, but it provides hope to people all over the world. From average beginnings to great success, his story is truly one of “rags to riches.” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Though Richard Branson had little school education, his first business was a magazine that became an overnight success. After that, he started a record store and then a record label. In fact, he owns the Virgin Group, which is made up of hundreds of companies that operate in fifty different countries. Branson’s story provides hope to people all over the world. 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是理查德·布兰森虽然16岁就辍学了。然而，这并没有阻止他走向成功，他离开学校后创办了一本名为《学生》的杂志，一夜成名，在那之后，他创办了一家名为维珍唱片的唱片公司，后来还成立了Virgin Group，他成功的关键在于他与人沟通的能力。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①In fact, he quit school at the age of 16. ②After he left school, Richard started a magazine called Student. It was an overnight success. ③After that, he started a record label called Virgin Records. ④He is the founder of the Virgin Group, which employs more than fifty thousand people and operates in fifty different countries. The groups is made up of hundreds of companies. Sir Richard’s story is unusual, but it provides hope to people all over the world. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Though Richard Branson had little school education, his first business was a magazine that became an overnight success. After that, he started a record store and then a record label. In fact, he owns the Virgin Group, which is made up of hundreds of companies that operate in fifty different countries. Branson’s story provides hope to people all over the world. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Though Richard Branson had little school education, his first business was a magazine that became an overnight success.运用一个though引导的让步状语从句和that引导的定语从句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中though引导的让步状语从句、that引导的定语从句表达高级。 [高分句型2]In fact, he owns the Virgin Group, which is made up of hundreds of companies that operate in fifty different countries. 运用which引导非限制性定语从句和that引导的限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 8．（22-23高一上·上海徐汇·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again. The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems. The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes. But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly. Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control. They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise. For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly. 【分析】这是一篇议论文。根据刚制定的规则电动车因为安全问题不能在北京的道路上行驶，但由于在某些方面电动车有一定优势，所以可能不会那么快从道路上消失。 【详解】本篇要求考生写一篇总结，通过阅读文章我们可以从三个方面进行总结：1.根据法规电动车自9月5日起不能在北京道路上行驶；2.禁止电动车上路行驶的主要原因：刹车不达标，超速，威胁司机和行人；3. 由于电动车有一定优势，可能短时间内不会立即从路上消失。综上，故本文可总结为：People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly. 9．（22-23·上海宝山·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. e-learning: Hazy past—better future? How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid. Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used. However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning, the writer holds a different view. Schools have invested much to apply computers in their classroom teaching, but it hasn’t changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own. 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了尽管专家说现代技术对课堂学习有显著的影响，作者却持有不同的观点。学校投入了大量资金将计算机应用到课堂教学中，但这并没有改变课堂教学，因为老师教什么更重要。但是计算机使那些不能上学的人能够自学。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 10．（22-23·上海静安·期中） Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱) The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it. Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day. Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine. Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside. 【答案】Central to health, your spine needs your good care. First, keep a good posture, including standing or sitting straight and sleeping on your side in a comfortable bed. Second, avoid keeping a same posture for long and take proper exercise to relax and strengthen spine muscles. Third, have a diet with enough vitamins for healthy bones and nerves. 【详解】脊柱是你健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包括你的脊髓，一个巨大的神经集合，从你身体的其他部分向你的大脑发送电信号。因此，照顾好它是很重要的。在写文章概要时要把照顾好脊柱的重要性的三个要点列出来。首先要突出脊柱是健康的核心，需要良好的护理。然后分三点进行说明：第一，保持良好的姿势，包括站直或坐直，侧卧在舒适的床上。第二，避免长时间保持相同的姿势，适当的运动来放松和加强脊柱肌肉。第三，饮食中要有足够的维生素来维持骨骼和神经的健康。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$