专题09 六选四精选15篇【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期中考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题09 六选四精选15篇 （原题版） 一、六选四 【来源】上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Globalization has significantly influenced food consumption in most parts of world, but one country whose food has a long history of being globalized is Italy. If you walk down any main street in any major world city, you will find at least one Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy has seen changes in its own eating habits due to influence from other countries. Food has always been very important for Italian families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and preparation of food. Until recently, pastas — a basic Italian food — would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home. 1 Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. People no longer spend so much time preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway Italian meals have become very popular in Italy. Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and sold relatively cheaply in the last five years, according to one manufacturer. 2 This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes. These changes have both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians now have much more choice in terms of what they eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing and making food, unless of course they want to. In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. 3 4 Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. While this extra choice is welcomed by some, others fear that the damage it may cause to Italian traditions. A．There is a difference between the food that people eat in the countryside and the food people eat in big cities. B．Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common. C．In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square. D．Possibly the global popularity of Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods. E．Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods. F．Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat. 二、六选四 【来源】上海市东华大学附属奉贤致远中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 Ensuring that disabled people have an easy life is very important, not just because they are human, like all of us, but because their dignity and social well-being should not be ignored just because of a disability. Disabilities can occur through illness, aging, accidents and other different causes that may happen to anyone or affect us all at some stage in life. 5 . We are all human beings and so have the same basic needs. But we should remember that there is a wide range of what we call a disability, and while the basic needs are all the same for everyone, the different lifestyle needs are entirely individual. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all method to improve quality of life. It is best to find out people’s needs from spending time with them. 6 . Even the most attractive homes can feel like a cage, so it makes a huge difference to be able to go out to a park or a shopping center, or to plan a day trip such as a picnic or a trip to the beach. Even if a trip can only be organized one day a month, it is more than nothing and does really make a difference. If they are interested or able, pets can be great companions. 7 . Some may be able to take care of a cat or dog; some prefer goldfish or birds in a cage. Very often, people who are cared for don’t feel that they have the chance to care for someone or something else, so caring for pets can improve their confidence and mental health, which can take their mind off their own troubles. 8 . Book a regular appointment with a social worker to visit them at least once a month. This is to check on their mental and physical health as well as ways of improving their living conditions. It is important because they may need to talk to someone. A．Plan regular trips. B．Stay with them in a friend way. C．It is wise to check the abilities of the individuals. D．You won’t know if they can help if you don’t ask them. E．Do not let pets be their only companions. F．The great thing is that it is not hard to make disabled people’s life easier. 三、六选四 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 For kids like me, being called childish can be a frequent occurrence. Every time we make irrational demands or exhibit irresponsible behavior, we are called childish. Take a look at these events:imperialism, colonization, world wars, etc. Who’s responsible? Adults. What have kids done? Anne Frank touched millions with her powerful account of the Holocaust, Ruby Bridges helped to end segregation in the United States, and, most recently, Charlie Simpson helped to raise 120,000 pounds for Haiti on his little bike. 9 The traits the word childish addresses are seen so often in adults that we should delete this age-discriminatory word when it comes to criticizing behavior associated with irresponsibility and irrational thinking. Then again, who’s to say that certain types of irrational thinking aren’t exactly what the world needs? Maybe you’ve had grand plans before but stopped yourself, thinking, “That’s impossible,” or, “That costs too much,” or, “That won’t benefit me.” 10 Kids can be full of inspiring aspirations and hopeful thinking. Like my wish that no one went hungry or that everything were a free kind of utopia (不切实际的空想). Sometimes a knowledge of history and the past failures of utopian ideals can be a burden because you know that if everything were free, then the food stocks would become depleted and scarce and lead to chaos. But in order to make anything a reality, you have to dream about it first. 11 For instance, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, has a program called Kids Design Glass, and kids draw their own ideas for glass art. The resident artists said they got some of their best ideas through the program because kids don’t think about the limitations of how hard it can be to blow glass into certain shapes; they just think of good ideas. Our inherent wisdom doesn’t have to be insiders’ knowledge. Kids already do a lot of learning from adults, and we have a lot to share. I think that adults should start learning from kids. Learning between grownups and kids should be reciprocal (相互对等的). 12 If you don’t trust someone, you place restrictions on them. Adults seem to have a universally restrictive attitude towards kids from every “don’t do that, don’t do this” in the school handbook to restrictions on school Internet use. Kids have no or little say in making the rules. The adult population should learn and take into account the wishes of the younger population. A．In many ways, our courage to imagine helps push back the boundaries of possibility. B．Therefore, as you can see evidenced by such examples, age has absolutely nothing to do with it. C．What’s even worse than restriction is that adults often underestimate kids’ abilities. D．The reality, unfortunately, is a little different, and it has a lot to do with trust, or a lack of it. E．For better or worse, we kids aren’t held back as much when it comes to thinking about reasons why not to do things. F．But there’s a problem with this rosy picture of kids being so much better than adults. 四、六选四 【来源】上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 If you had to pick one, who do you think is greater in terms of their contributions to the Western world: British physicist Isaac Newton or Greek philosopher (哲学家) Aristotle? Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision, at least right away. 13 Science majors — the likes of technology, engineering and math — are the “wiser” choice because they’re considered to be useful, while studying liberal arts (文科) majors — language, music and philosophy — is believed to take you nowhere. 14 In the BBC’s new documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries on six continents to appreciate human creativity — the likes of Angkor Wat (吴哥窟) in Cambodia, and the Suleymaniye mosque (苏莱曼清真寺) in Turkey. In fact, by comparing science and liberal arts, we’re drawing “an artificial (人造的) line” between the two, wrote Loretta Jackson-Hayes, an associate professor of chemistry at Rhodes College in Memphis, on the Washington Post website. And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed in the first place. 15 He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, part of his study of the proportions of the human body. Then there’s Steve Jobs, who, despite being an engineer, was also an artist on the inside. What he said when introducing the iPad 2 back in 2011 probably best summarizes (总结) the relationship between science and liberal arts: “ 16 It’s technology married with liberal arts, married with the humanities, that yields us the result that makes our heart sing.” A．But somehow, when it comes to picking a major at college, the decision couldn’t be easier. B．This gap has now become so wide that the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point in the US is actually considering dropping 13 majors. C．Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was just as successful a scientist as he was a painter. D．It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough. E．Human civilization isn’t just about technological inventions. F．But if we take our eyes away from job skills for one second and look at liberal arts from a different perspective (视角), we can see how important they are. 五、六选四 【来源】上海市延安中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试卷 Reading allows you to de-stress by unplugging and escaping. In one study, reading was found to be as effective as yoga and humor in reducing subjective feelings of stress over a 30-minute period, as well as objective measurements of blood pressure and heart rate. 17 Note that a good old-fashioned book or a dedicated eBook reader is the best way to do this. If you are using a tablet, phone, or computer on which to read, shut down other programs and turn off notifications. Distractions and disruptions interfere with reading’s stress management properties. In a longitudinal (纵向的) study of individuals aged 64 and over, those who read at least once a week were less likely to experience cognitive decline than those who did not. At the 14-year mark of the study, and regardless of educational level, those who read more enjoyed greater protection. This effect is maintained into readers’ 80’s. 18 One study found that book readers lived longer than non-book readers and this was thought to be due to the effect that reading has on maintaining cognitive abilities over time. Another study found men aged 70 and older who read daily had lower mortality rates over time than those who did not, when controlling for a number of potentially confounding variables. Bibliotherapy, or the use of various reading materials for the promotion of psychological health, is a well-known aid to mental health treatment. 19 This can be a powerful strategy and has been used successfully to reduce depression, anxiety, insomnia and stress. Reading can be an important bedtime ritual for anyone-not just kids. 20 Reading from a tablet or other blue enriched light source, including eBook readers, however, increases alertness and delays sleep onset, decreases melatonin secretion, disrupts sleep physiology and decreases morning alertness. A．It may include self-help books, focused readings, first-hand accounts of other’s experiences, and even relevant fiction. B．Additionally, readers are expected of a longer life span than non-readers. C．Another study found that cognition in those over 80 was protected by activities such as reading. D．This means that reading benefits your physical as well as your psychological health. E．However studies have shown that electronic devices are by no means helpful in reading. F．For adults, reading a book before bed can reduce the amount of time it takes to fall asleep and increase sleep duration. 六、六选四 【来源】上海市五校2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中联考英语试题 The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food. We want slow food!” 21 One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal. But the food didn’t taste the same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low. This deeply concerned Carlo. Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special. So he started a group to encourage this idea. It soon became the Slow Food Movement. 22 First, what is good food? Good food is fresh. The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown. The fish hasn’t been sitting for days before it is eaten. Good food is seasonable. It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food. Good food satisfies the senses. It should look good, smell good and taste good. And finally, good food is cultural food. Each country has special foods that make it different. Second, food should be clean. 23 Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms. Over time, they can cause health problems in people too. Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment. And third, food should be fair. Food should not cost too much money. 24 The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work. They should work in safe, Healthy conditions. A．Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people. B．Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. C．It should arrive on our plates in the cleanest and most environmentally responsible way. D．All people should be able to purchase healthy food. E．This event wasn’t the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement. F．Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy. 七、六选四 【来源】上海市徐汇中学2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题 Tips to Keep Your Personal Items Safe While Travelling You might be surprised to hear that even in the limited space of an airplane, thefts still do occur. In a case reported, two men on board a flight were arrested after being suspected of stealing cash from fellow passengers’ mid-flight. 25 While airlines don’t advertise the fact, they’re not as rare as you may think. There are some tips to ensure you don’t become the victim of such crimes. 26 This is especially important if you have a black, featureless bag. For example, you can sew a symbol on it or write your initials on the bag. Keep your valuables such as cash, your ID and passport, and jewellery in a small bag that you can place under the seat in front of you. Rest your feet on your bag to make sure no one gets close to the bag. 27 It takes just a few seconds for experienced thieves to steal your bag, so never give them the opportunity by leaving it unattended. 28 For example, you can divide your cash into three portions and keep some in your small bag, some in a pair of jeans that’s rolled up in your checked baggage, and some in your toiletries bag (化妆包). In this way, even if you lose one stash of money, you will not be left with absolutely no cash. A．To ensure you get enough storage room, try to board the flight early. B．Bring it with you whenever you leave your seat. C．Thieves won’t spend too long on locked bags as it may draw attention to themselves. D．Cases like this are known as in-flight, or mid-flight thefts. E．Keep your cash or credit cards in different hiding places. F．Make sure your bag is easily recognizable so thieves can’t just switch it out with a similar looking bag. 八、六选四 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷 Israeli Company Develops 3D Printed Beef If there were an award for the funniest company name of 2022, then the 3D printed meat company “Steakholder” would win that award. Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd. has introduced its new product, Omakase Beef Morsels, which are bioprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef, famous for its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is also very expensive. The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US. 29 Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks. 30 A bite can be made juicier, chewier, and the taste can also be altered. The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells. 31 “This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO of Steakholder Foods. “It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.” 32 Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists. “We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food, technology and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.” So there you have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner. A．The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded. B．Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef, chicken and even fish. C．The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences. D．Additionally, producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health. E．The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific 3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company. F．In the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat, ready to be processed into the final product, whether it’s a burger, steak, or even a meatloaf. 九、六选四 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷 How do companies decide who to send overseas? 33 Just find someone with the right background, ask them if they wanted to go, and that was it. So an engineer just needed to be able to offer the technical expertise required to do the job, a manager simply needed to know the right people, an accountant needed to know how the books worked and nothing else. If they could speak English, then they could probably do the job. But times are changing. More and more overseas assignments are failing. The reason? Lack of intercultural competence. Companies have discovered that finding the right person for the job is much more than simply identifying the person who could have done the job if it had been in their home country. 34 And this failure is more than irritating. It costs companies a lot of money to replace someone who does not fit in. So how do companies judge if someone has the right competence for a job in another country? 35 Are they interested in other ways of doing things? Can they see advantages and disadvantages, or only their own viewpoint? Sensitivity is a key factor too. Is the person able to deal with other ways of looking at a problem? How do they deal with authority? What about motivation? Are they willing to treat others with respect and understanding? Such questions can be answered partly by the use of questionnaires and interviews, but of course only real experience can give the final answer. So what else can a company do to make sure that a person is right for an overseas assignment? 36 Experienced colleagues can also be used to ease someone through the first stages. And another key area is to make sure that the relatives receive similar backup and training: it’s no good having a happy employee who is under pressure from his or her partner to come home. A．Working with other cultures is not for everyone. B．One way is training, and many companies now invest substantial amounts of money to prepare people to cope with living and working in another culture. C．It used to be so easy. D．The ideal person for an overseas assignment has to be delegated when necessary. E．One way is to try and find out how aware they are of other cultures. F．They need to be able to accept other ways of doing things. 十、六选四 【来源】上海市晋元高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 Is breakfast really that important? With almost 20% of people reporting skipping the first meal of the day, people are wondering whether breakfast is really that important. Well, the overwhelming majority of research supports that breakfast is more than something your Mom nagged you about. 37 . The National Weight Control Registry is tracking over 10,000 Americans who have lost significant amounts of weight and kept it off for long periods of time. 38 .Other large studies have linked eating breakfast to decreased waistlines. Skipping breakfast may turn out to be one of the worst barriers to your weight loss efforts, for certain individuals. It is because not eating breakfast may lead to their increased amounts of late-night snacking. 39 . Academic performance is associated with eating breakfast in children and teens, including improvements in reading, math and science. Nutrition can improve cognitive function, and deficiencies of key vitamins and minerals are linked to decreased concentration and cognition. Moreover, skipping breakfast leads to malnutrition and lack of specific nutrients, which is linked to aggression and problem behaviors. 40 . A．A large percentage of participants, around 78%, claim that it is a daily routine for them to have this meal in the morning. B．For example, there are strong and consistent links to increased bullying behavior with skipping breakfast in both boys and girls. C．However, many people skip breakfast or substitute a donut (炸面圈) and a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal. D．Actually it turns out to be an important daily behaviour that benefits people in different aspects. E．While breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. F．Benefits of breakfast go way beyond physical aspects of health. 十一、六选四 【来源】上海进才中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size. 41 However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop. So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. 42 For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back. But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness. Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. 43 So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time. 44 Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair. A．It is unlike anything you would buy for yourself. B．However, shoppers should remember this is a privilege, not a right. C．Unfortunately, the law does not explain what it meant by “reasonable”. D．All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home. E．Either the thing has to be broken or unsuitable for the job it was intended to do. F．You should make clear what your legal position is before returning goods to the shop. 十二、六选四 【来源】上海市曹杨第二中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Lego in China Engineers gather around a table-sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding airports for helicopters, car parks and other improvements with colorful bricks. 45 Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two hours. Zhu Yunfei, watching his son, marvels at the variety: “Coming here to play with him is making up for my childhood,” he says. They drop by every week. Lego’s rise in China has been shiningly attractive. In 2017 it overlook Alpha Group, a local giant, to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games). In the past two years it has opened 89 stores and wants 50 more by December, which will bring it to 30 cities. Its first Chinese factory started making bricks in 2016. The toy industry is growing by 9% annually in the country, but the Danish firm’s Chinese section has won “very strong double digits(两位数)”, says Paul Huang, its boss. 46 In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and recorded its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each. Lego has thus retained its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, snatched from Mattel in 2014 - even as its American rival last year earned its highest revenues in five years from its Barbie dolls. Newly wealthy parents in China have helped Lego recover. “We have not reached the extreme out there, by far,” says Niels Christiansen, whom Lego brought in as chief executive two years ago. 47 Last year 98% of those surveyed by Lego said that play was essential for their child’s well-being, even more than Americans and Danes. Lego has also sensibly managed to meet the demands of local tastes. 48 Fans were delighted at the attention to cultural detail. One was a Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner kit, with tiny red envelopes and chunlian, lucky couplets on banners pasted around doorways. A dragon boat race set included a sticky-rice dumpling, a popular festival snack. The high-quality kits are pricey, costing up to 700 yuan ($100) a piece. A．It has done so even though the brick-maker’s global business has looked shakier. B．It has been sold in great volumes with various kinds of sets and earned the fame as the most suitable toys for children to play with. C．Removing a child from Lego’s vast shop near People’s Square can be like unsticking two stubborn bits of Lego. D．Over the past decades, Lego’s sales volume in China is not as satisfying as it expected. E．As in the West, the educational merits of bricks appeal to Chinese parents. F．This year the firm launched several sets specifically for China, the first time it has done so for any country. 十三、六选四 【来源】上海市嘉定一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 A selection from the trolley The trolley problem used to be a popular question in philosophical ethics(伦理学).It runs as follows: a trolley, or a train, is speeding down a track towards a junction(三叉路口). Some evildoer has tied five people to the track ahead, and another person to the branch line. You are standing next to a lever(操纵杆) that controls the junction. Do nothing, and the five people will be killed. Pull the lever, and only one person dies. What is the ethical course of action? 49 A truly self-driving car, after all, will have to be given ethical instructions of some sort by its human programmers. That has led to a boom for the world’s professional ethicists, who suddenly find themselves in hot demand. In a paper just published in Nature, a team of psychologists and computer scientists, led by Edmond Awad of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), describe a different approach. 50 They created a website which presents visitors with a series of choices about whom to save and whom to kill. The website proved a hit. In the end it gathered nearly 40m decisions. The strongest preferences, expressed by respondents from all over the world, were for saving human lives over animal ones, preferring to save many rather than few and prioritising children over the old. 51 Iyad Rahwan, a computer scientist at MIT and one of the paper’s authors, says that many people dismiss the trolley problem as pointless as it is unlikely to arise in real life. He is unconvinced. The specific situations described by the website may hardly ever occur, he says. 52 He gives the example of overtaking cyclists: “If you stay relatively near to the cycle lane, you’re increasing the chance of hitting a cyclist, but reducing the chance of hitting another car in the next lane over,” he says. A．But all sorts of choices made by the firms producing self-driving cars will affect who lives and who dies in indirect ways. B．Rather than asking philosophers for their thoughts, they decided instead to ask the public. C．That seems to conflict with most people’s moral preferences. D．The preference for saving women, for instance, was stronger in places with higher levels of gender equality. E．There were weaker preferences for saving women over men, pedestrians over passengers in the car and for taking action rather than doing nothing. F．The excitement around self-driving cars, though, has made the problem famous. 十四、六选四 How to save planet earth Have you ever held a product in your hands and considered the existential weight of your purchase? Beyond each price tag hides a ripple effect. It expands from soil to water ways, grocery aisle to kitchen plates, factories to fulfillment centers and mail slots to landfills. This global impact has become less hidden in the past decade, and ignoring the people downstream from us has grown increasingly difficult. We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide(CO2)per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO2 is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming. 53 We know we need to do better, but we feel helpless and overwhelmed. Let’s call this the eco-essential crisis; it applies on a deeply personal level for most environmentally aware humans, and on a global scale. Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption. 54 The world is more complicated than that. In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or agonized over this question: What should I do? 55 So, we took this question to five people who have immersed their careers, research and writing in the realities of climate science. One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson-a marine biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet. 56 There are just more meaningful and long-lasting ways to expend your energy in the climate fight. Most of them involve organization and collective action. “Individuals join together to collectively have far more power changing the system than they can as individuals,” says Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. A．That doesn’t mean it’s none of your business. B．these experts propose other key steps that every human can take toward a better future. C．Similar challenge apply to use of plastics and consumption of meat and other goods. D．Part of the challenge with the environmental movement is the astonishing list of things we need to change. E．The solution to this problem, however, is not for you to stop using the internet, according to Schlossberg. F．It’s easy to get lost in the storm of supposed answers around social media, the latest data sets and “ego-friendly” marketing campaigns. 十五、六选四 Getting into Employment in High School Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. 57 Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. Do some homework on jobs and careers. There are many types of jobs and careers that most people have never heard of or know little about. How do you discover them? 58 How did they get interested in their career? What education and skills are required to perform their jobs? What do they like about their careers? Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. You can also learn about various careers online. 59 Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. As you explore the majors and programs offered at various colleges, take a moment to read through the relevant department’s information on careers for students in that major. Keep career planning in mind when visiting colleges. Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. 60 Make a point to ask about the services offered by each college’s Career Center when you visit colleges. Or better yet, stop in to the Center and say hello. While on campus, you will also have opportunities to talk with professors and students. Use those occasions to ask faculty about what their departments do to help prepare students for jobs after graduation, and ask current students about internships they’ve done, research opportunities, and what their majors and career plans are. A．Begin with your current interests, talents, hobbies, and personal strengths and weaknesses. B．Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. C．They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. D．Connect the dots between college majors and careers. E．Enrichment activities, such as summer programs on college campuses, can also help you learn about various jobs and careers. F．Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考点大串讲（上海） 专题09 六选四精选15篇 （解析版） 一、六选四 【来源】上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Globalization has significantly influenced food consumption in most parts of world, but one country whose food has a long history of being globalized is Italy. If you walk down any main street in any major world city, you will find at least one Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy has seen changes in its own eating habits due to influence from other countries. Food has always been very important for Italian families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and preparation of food. Until recently, pastas — a basic Italian food — would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home. 1 Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. People no longer spend so much time preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway Italian meals have become very popular in Italy. Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and sold relatively cheaply in the last five years, according to one manufacturer. 2 This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes. These changes have both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians now have much more choice in terms of what they eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing and making food, unless of course they want to. In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. 3 4 Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. While this extra choice is welcomed by some, others fear that the damage it may cause to Italian traditions. A．There is a difference between the food that people eat in the countryside and the food people eat in big cities. B．Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common. C．In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square. D．Possibly the global popularity of Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods. E．Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods. F．Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在全球化背景下，意大利本国的饮食行业及意大利人的日常饮食受到了影响，发生了一些变化，这些变化有利有弊，有人认同，也有人充满担忧。 1．前文“Until recently, pastas — a basic Italian food — would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home. (直到最近，意大利面——一种基本的意大利食物——都是由当地人制作的。人们也会在家里做酱汁和意大利面一起吃)”介绍直到最近意大利人仍会自己制作食物，下一段的开头“Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. (然而，如今意大利人的饮食习惯似乎已经改变了)”说明现在意大利人的饮食习惯发生了改变，空处位于句尾，因此应该继续介绍意大利传统的饮食习惯。C项“In addition, people’s opportunity to experiment with foreign food was very limited, since only pizza and pasta were available in the local town square. (此外，人们尝试外国食物的机会非常有限，因为在当地的城镇广场上只有披萨和意大利面)”说明意大利人很少尝试外国食物，承接前文，符合语境。故选C。 2．后文“This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes. (这一趋势在罗马、米兰和威尼斯等城市地区更为普遍，尽管许多小城镇也在经历类似的变化)”具体说明一种趋势在意大利不同地区的情况，因此空处应该指出这一趋势。E项“Another important change in Italian eating habits is the increasing popularity of foreign cuisine, especially Indian, Chinese and Japanese foods. (意大利饮食习惯的另一个重要变化是外国菜越来越受欢迎，尤其是印度菜、中国菜和日本菜)”指出外国菜越来越受欢迎的趋势，承接前文的两个变化，引出后文的具体说明，后文的This trend指代选项所述内容，符合语境。故选E。 3．前文“In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. (相反，可以认为大型连锁餐厅正变得越来越强大，导致地方和国家特色菜受破坏)”介绍全球化对意大利饮食特色的破坏，空处位于句尾，因此应该进一步说明这种弊端。B项“Consequently, many Italians worry that they are losing their sense of nationality, as foreign food becomes more common. (因此，许多意大利人担心，随着外国食品变得越来越普遍，他们正在失去民族意识)”指出人们对失去民族意识的担心，承接前文，符合语境。故选B。 4．根据后文“Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. (方便食品已经取代了许多传统的家常菜，外国水果的供应也大大增加了)”可知，本段主要介绍全球化的影响下，意大利的饮食还发生了很多变化，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容，因此应该会指出这种影响。F项“Globalization has had a significant influence on the way that Italians eat. (全球化对意大利人的饮食方式产生了重大影响)”点明了影响，契合后文内容，符合语境。故选F。 二、六选四 【来源】上海市东华大学附属奉贤致远中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 Ensuring that disabled people have an easy life is very important, not just because they are human, like all of us, but because their dignity and social well-being should not be ignored just because of a disability. Disabilities can occur through illness, aging, accidents and other different causes that may happen to anyone or affect us all at some stage in life. 5 . We are all human beings and so have the same basic needs. But we should remember that there is a wide range of what we call a disability, and while the basic needs are all the same for everyone, the different lifestyle needs are entirely individual. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all method to improve quality of life. It is best to find out people’s needs from spending time with them. 6 . Even the most attractive homes can feel like a cage, so it makes a huge difference to be able to go out to a park or a shopping center, or to plan a day trip such as a picnic or a trip to the beach. Even if a trip can only be organized one day a month, it is more than nothing and does really make a difference. If they are interested or able, pets can be great companions. 7 . Some may be able to take care of a cat or dog; some prefer goldfish or birds in a cage. Very often, people who are cared for don’t feel that they have the chance to care for someone or something else, so caring for pets can improve their confidence and mental health, which can take their mind off their own troubles. 8 . Book a regular appointment with a social worker to visit them at least once a month. This is to check on their mental and physical health as well as ways of improving their living conditions. It is important because they may need to talk to someone. A．Plan regular trips. B．Stay with them in a friend way. C．It is wise to check the abilities of the individuals. D．You won’t know if they can help if you don’t ask them. E．Do not let pets be their only companions. F．The great thing is that it is not hard to make disabled people’s life easier. 【答案】5．F 6．A 7．C 8．E 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍要让残疾人的生活更轻松的方法。 5．根据上文“Ensuring that disabled people have an easy life is very important, not just because they are human, like all of us, but because their dignity and social well-being should not be ignored just because of a disability. Disabilities can occur through illness, aging, accidents and other different causes that may happen to anyone or affect us all at some stage in life. (确保残疾人过上轻松的生活非常重要，不仅因为他们和我们所有人一样都是人，还因为他们的尊严和社会福利不应仅仅因为残疾而被忽视。残疾可以通过疾病、衰老、事故和其他不同的原因发生，这些原因可能发生在任何人身上，也可能在人生的某个阶段影响我们所有人。)”可知，文章接下来要介绍确保残疾人过上轻松的生活的方法。选项F“最棒的是，让残疾人的生活更轻松并不难。”和上文意思一致。故选F。 6．根据下文“Even the most attractive homes can feel like a cage, so it makes a huge difference to be able to go out to a park or a shopping center, or to plan a day trip such as a picnic or a trip to the beach. Even if a trip can only be organized one day a month, it is more than nothing and does really make a difference. (即使是最有吸引力的房子也会感觉像一个笼子，所以能够去公园或购物中心，或者计划一天的旅行，比如野餐或海滩之旅，都会有很大的不同。即使一次旅行一个月只能组织一天，它也比什么都没有多，而且确实会有所不同。)”可知，这一段建议要定期出去旅行。选项A“计划定期出行。”和下文意思一致。故选A。 7．根据下文“Some may be able to take care of a cat or dog; some prefer goldfish or birds in a cage. (有些人可能能够照顾猫或狗；有些人喜欢金鱼或笼子里的鸟。)”可知，这一段建议人们在养宠物的时候要先确定自己的能力。选项C“检查个人的能力是明智的。”和下文意思一致。故选C。 8．根据下文“Book a regular appointment with a social worker to visit them at least once a month. This is to check on their mental and physical health as well as ways of improving their living conditions. It is important because they may need to talk to someone. (定期与社会工作者预约，每月至少探望他们一次。这是为了检查他们的身心健康，以及改善他们生活条件的方法。这很重要，因为他们可能需要与某人交谈。)”可知，这一段建议残疾人也需要和其他人多交流。选项E“不要让宠物成为他们唯一的伴侣。”和下文意思一致。故选E。 三、六选四 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 For kids like me, being called childish can be a frequent occurrence. Every time we make irrational demands or exhibit irresponsible behavior, we are called childish. Take a look at these events:imperialism, colonization, world wars, etc. Who’s responsible? Adults. What have kids done? Anne Frank touched millions with her powerful account of the Holocaust, Ruby Bridges helped to end segregation in the United States, and, most recently, Charlie Simpson helped to raise 120,000 pounds for Haiti on his little bike. 9 The traits the word childish addresses are seen so often in adults that we should delete this age-discriminatory word when it comes to criticizing behavior associated with irresponsibility and irrational thinking. Then again, who’s to say that certain types of irrational thinking aren’t exactly what the world needs? Maybe you’ve had grand plans before but stopped yourself, thinking, “That’s impossible,” or, “That costs too much,” or, “That won’t benefit me.” 10 Kids can be full of inspiring aspirations and hopeful thinking. Like my wish that no one went hungry or that everything were a free kind of utopia (不切实际的空想). Sometimes a knowledge of history and the past failures of utopian ideals can be a burden because you know that if everything were free, then the food stocks would become depleted and scarce and lead to chaos. But in order to make anything a reality, you have to dream about it first. 11 For instance, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, has a program called Kids Design Glass, and kids draw their own ideas for glass art. The resident artists said they got some of their best ideas through the program because kids don’t think about the limitations of how hard it can be to blow glass into certain shapes; they just think of good ideas. Our inherent wisdom doesn’t have to be insiders’ knowledge. Kids already do a lot of learning from adults, and we have a lot to share. I think that adults should start learning from kids. Learning between grownups and kids should be reciprocal (相互对等的). 12 If you don’t trust someone, you place restrictions on them. Adults seem to have a universally restrictive attitude towards kids from every “don’t do that, don’t do this” in the school handbook to restrictions on school Internet use. Kids have no or little say in making the rules. The adult population should learn and take into account the wishes of the younger population. A．In many ways, our courage to imagine helps push back the boundaries of possibility. B．Therefore, as you can see evidenced by such examples, age has absolutely nothing to do with it. C．What’s even worse than restriction is that adults often underestimate kids’ abilities. D．The reality, unfortunately, is a little different, and it has a lot to do with trust, or a lack of it. E．For better or worse, we kids aren’t held back as much when it comes to thinking about reasons why not to do things. F．But there’s a problem with this rosy picture of kids being so much better than adults. 【答案】9．B 10．E 11．A 12．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了孩子们的不负责任和非理性思维的特点问题，并提出了可能正是这种非理性思维让世界变得更好。作者呼吁成年人应该从孩子们身上学习，并强调学习应该是相互的，而不是单向的，成年人对孩子们的信任不足，导致对他们的限制，而成年人应该尊重孩子们的意愿。 9．根据上文“What have kids done? Anne Frank touched millions with her powerful account of the Holocaust, Ruby Bridges helped to end segregation in the United States, and, most recently, Charlie Simpson helped to raise 120,000 pounds for Haiti on his little bike.(孩子们做了什么？安妮·弗兰克对大屠杀的有力描述感动了数百万人，鲁比·布里奇斯帮助结束了美国的种族隔离，最近，查理·辛普森骑着他的小自行车帮助海地筹集了12万英镑。)”可知，此处上下文说的是小孩子虽然小，但是却做出了很多成年人做不到的出色贡献，可推理出此处表达的是对社会的贡献与年龄无关，与B项“Therefore, as you can see evidenced by such examples, age has absolutely nothing to do with it.(因此，正如你所看到的这些例子所证明的那样，年龄与此完全无关。)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。 10．根据上文“Maybe you’ve had grand plans before but stopped yourself, thinking, “That’s impossible,” or, “That costs too much,” or, “That won’t benefit me.”(也许你以前有过宏伟的计划，但却停下来思考，“这是不可能的”，或者“成本太高了”，或者，“这对我没有好处。”)”以及下文“Sometimes a knowledge of history and the past failures of utopian ideals can be a burden because you know that if everything were free, then the food stocks would become depleted and scarce and lead to chaos. But in order to make anything a reality, you have to dream about it first.(有时，对历史的了解和乌托邦理想过去的失败可能会成为一种负担，因为你知道，如果一切都是免费的，那么粮食库存就会耗尽和稀缺，并导致混乱。但为了让任何事情成为现实，你必须首先梦想它。)”可知，此处上下文说的是孩子有时候不做一些事情并非要退缩，而是经过了理性思考，与E项“For better or worse, we kids aren’t held back as much when it comes to thinking about reasons why not to do things.(不管是好是坏，我们这些孩子在思考不做事的原因时并没有那么退缩。)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。 11．根据下文“For instance, the Museum of Glass in Tacoma, Washington, has a program called Kids Design Glass, and kids draw their own ideas for glass art. The resident artists said they got some of their best ideas through the program because kids don’t think about the limitations of how hard it can be to blow glass into certain shapes; they just think of good ideas.(例如，华盛顿塔科马的玻璃博物馆有一个名为“儿童设计玻璃”的项目，孩子们可以为玻璃艺术画出自己的想法。常驻艺术家们说，他们通过这个项目得到了一些最好的想法，因为孩子们没有考虑到将玻璃吹成某些形状有多难的局限性；他们只是想出好主意。)”可知，此处上下文说的是孩子们敢于想象有助于突破可能的界限，与A项“In many ways, our courage to imagine helps push back the boundaries of possibility(在很多方面，我们敢于想象有助于突破可能性的界限)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。 12．根据下文“If you don’t trust someone, you place restrictions on them.(如果你不信任某人，你就会对他们施加限制。)”可推理出此处上下文说的是成年人和孩子之间缺乏信任，与D项“The reality, unfortunately, is a little different, and it has a lot to do with trust, or a lack of it.(不幸的是，现实有点不同，这与信任或缺乏信任有很大关系。)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。 四、六选四 【来源】上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试题 If you had to pick one, who do you think is greater in terms of their contributions to the Western world: British physicist Isaac Newton or Greek philosopher (哲学家) Aristotle? Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision, at least right away. 13 Science majors — the likes of technology, engineering and math — are the “wiser” choice because they’re considered to be useful, while studying liberal arts (文科) majors — language, music and philosophy — is believed to take you nowhere. 14 In the BBC’s new documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries on six continents to appreciate human creativity — the likes of Angkor Wat (吴哥窟) in Cambodia, and the Suleymaniye mosque (苏莱曼清真寺) in Turkey. In fact, by comparing science and liberal arts, we’re drawing “an artificial (人造的) line” between the two, wrote Loretta Jackson-Hayes, an associate professor of chemistry at Rhodes College in Memphis, on the Washington Post website. And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed in the first place. 15 He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, part of his study of the proportions of the human body. Then there’s Steve Jobs, who, despite being an engineer, was also an artist on the inside. What he said when introducing the iPad 2 back in 2011 probably best summarizes (总结) the relationship between science and liberal arts: “ 16 It’s technology married with liberal arts, married with the humanities, that yields us the result that makes our heart sing.” A．But somehow, when it comes to picking a major at college, the decision couldn’t be easier. B．This gap has now become so wide that the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point in the US is actually considering dropping 13 majors. C．Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was just as successful a scientist as he was a painter. D．It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough. E．Human civilization isn’t just about technological inventions. F．But if we take our eyes away from job skills for one second and look at liberal arts from a different perspective (视角), we can see how important they are. 【答案】13．A 14．F 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为人文艺术和科学技术同样重要，不应该忽视人文艺术的重要性，两者实际上没有明确的分界线，唯有两者的结合才能创造出真正有价值的东西。 13．前文“Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision, at least right away. (很有可能你会发现很难做出决定，至少很难马上做出决定)”说明很难比较科学家牛顿和哲学家亚里士多德的贡献，后文“Science majors — the likes of technology, engineering and math — are the “wiser” choice because they’re considered to be useful, while studying liberal arts (文科) majors — language, music and philosophy — is believed to take you nowhere. (理科专业——比如技术、工程和数学——是“更明智”的选择，因为它们被认为是有用的，而文科专业——语言、音乐和哲学——则被认为是没有前途的)”指出相比于文科，理科专业是更优的选择，因此A项“But somehow, when it comes to picking a major at college, the decision couldn’t be easier. (但不知何故，在大学里选择专业时，这个决定再容易不过了)”符合语境，引出选择专业的问题，起到过渡的作用，和前文比较上的困难形成转折，引出后文的具体看法，其中的major和后文的majors呼应。故选A。 14．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“In the BBC’s new documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries on six continents to appreciate human creativity — the likes of Angkor Wat (吴哥窟) in Cambodia, and the Suleymaniye mosque (苏莱曼清真寺) in Turkey. (例如，在BBC的新纪录片《文明》中，主持人带我们去了六大洲的31个国家欣赏人类的创造力，比如柬埔寨的吴哥窟和土耳其的苏莱曼清真寺)”介绍了纪录片《文明》中呈现的人类的创造力，因此F项“But if we take our eyes away from job skills for one second and look at liberal arts from a different perspective (视角), we can see how important they are. (但是，如果我们把目光从工作技能上移开，从另一个角度来看待文科，我们就会发现它们有多重要)”符合语境，指出文科的重要性，和上一段形成转折，引出后文的纪录片。故选F。 15．前文“And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed in the first place. (对于历史上一些最伟大的革新者来说，这条分界线一开始就不存在)”说明最伟大的革新者往往融合了科学和艺术，后文“He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, part of his study of the proportions of the human body. (他对生物学和解剖学非常感兴趣，他画了著名的《维特鲁威人》，这是他研究人体比例的一部分)”具体介绍了一个名人的事例，因此C项“Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was just as successful a scientist as he was a painter. (例如，列奥纳多·达·芬奇既是一位成功的科学家，也是一位成功的画家)”符合语境，指出达·芬奇的双重身份，承接前文的观点，后文是对选项内容的展开，其中Leonardo da Vinci是后文He所指代的对象。故选C。 16．空处是这段话的第一句，需引出后文内容。后文“It’s technology married with liberal arts, married with the humanities, that yields us the result that makes our heart sing. (科技与人文艺术结合，与人文科学结合，才会产生让我们的心灵歌唱的结果)”强调科技与人文结合的重要性，因此D项“It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough. (在苹果的基因里，光有技术是不够的)”符合语境，说明仅有技术不够，引出后文的结合，其中的technology和后文的technology是同词复现。故选D。 五、六选四 【来源】上海市延安中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语试卷 Reading allows you to de-stress by unplugging and escaping. In one study, reading was found to be as effective as yoga and humor in reducing subjective feelings of stress over a 30-minute period, as well as objective measurements of blood pressure and heart rate. 17 Note that a good old-fashioned book or a dedicated eBook reader is the best way to do this. If you are using a tablet, phone, or computer on which to read, shut down other programs and turn off notifications. Distractions and disruptions interfere with reading’s stress management properties. In a longitudinal (纵向的) study of individuals aged 64 and over, those who read at least once a week were less likely to experience cognitive decline than those who did not. At the 14-year mark of the study, and regardless of educational level, those who read more enjoyed greater protection. This effect is maintained into readers’ 80’s. 18 One study found that book readers lived longer than non-book readers and this was thought to be due to the effect that reading has on maintaining cognitive abilities over time. Another study found men aged 70 and older who read daily had lower mortality rates over time than those who did not, when controlling for a number of potentially confounding variables. Bibliotherapy, or the use of various reading materials for the promotion of psychological health, is a well-known aid to mental health treatment. 19 This can be a powerful strategy and has been used successfully to reduce depression, anxiety, insomnia and stress. Reading can be an important bedtime ritual for anyone-not just kids. 20 Reading from a tablet or other blue enriched light source, including eBook readers, however, increases alertness and delays sleep onset, decreases melatonin secretion, disrupts sleep physiology and decreases morning alertness. A．It may include self-help books, focused readings, first-hand accounts of other’s experiences, and even relevant fiction. B．Additionally, readers are expected of a longer life span than non-readers. C．Another study found that cognition in those over 80 was protected by activities such as reading. D．This means that reading benefits your physical as well as your psychological health. E．However studies have shown that electronic devices are by no means helpful in reading. F．For adults, reading a book before bed can reduce the amount of time it takes to fall asleep and increase sleep duration. 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阅读的好处以及对人心理和身体的影响。 17．根据上文“Reading allows you to de-stress by unplugging and escaping. In one study, reading was found to be as effective as yoga and humor in reducing subjective feelings of stress over a 30-minute period, as well as objective measurements of blood pressure and heart rate.(阅读可以让你通过不插电和逃避来减压。一项研究发现，在30分钟的时间内，阅读与瑜伽和幽默一样有效，可以减轻主观压力，也可以减轻血压和心率的客观测量)”以及后文“Note that a good old-fashioned book or a dedicated eBook reader is the best way to do this. If you are using a tablet, phone, or computer on which to read, shut down other programs and turn off notifications. Distractions and disruptions interfere with reading’s stress management properties.(注意，一本好的老式书籍或专门的电子书阅读器是做到这一点的最好方法。如果你使用的是平板电脑、手机或电脑来阅读，关闭其他程序并关闭通知。分心和干扰会干扰阅读的压力管理特性)”可知，上文提到阅读可以减压和降低血压和心率，即对心理和身体都有好处。故D选项“这意味着阅读对你的身体和心理健康都有好处”符合语境，故选D。 18．根据后文“One study found that book readers lived longer than non-book readers and this was thought to be due to the effect that reading has on maintaining cognitive abilities over time. Another study found men aged 70 and older who read daily had lower mortality rates over time than those who did not, when controlling for a number of potentially confounding variables.(一项研究发现，读书的人比不读书的人寿命更长，这被认为是由于阅读对长期保持认知能力的影响。另一项研究发现，在控制了一些潜在的混杂变量后，70岁及以上的男性每天阅读的死亡率比那些不阅读的人低)”可知，本段的主旨是阅读可以延长人的寿命，故B选项“另外，阅读的人比不阅读的人寿命更长”符合语境，故选B。 19．根据上文“Bibliotherapy, or the use of various reading materials for the promotion of psychological health, is a well-known aid to mental health treatment.(阅读疗法，或使用各种阅读材料来促进心理健康，是一种众所周知的心理健康治疗方法)”以及后文“This can be a powerful strategy and has been used successfully to reduce depression, anxiety, insomnia and stress.(这是一个强有力的策略，已经成功地用于减少抑郁、焦虑、失眠和压力)”可知，上文提到了阅读各种材料，故本句承接上文具体说明可以阅读哪些类型的东西，故A选项“可能包括自助书籍、重点读物、对他人经历的第一手描述，甚至是相关的小说”符合语境，故选A。 20．根据上文“Reading can be an important bedtime ritual for anyone-not just kids.(阅读对任何人来说都是一项重要的睡前仪式——不仅仅是孩子)”以及后文“Reading from a tablet or other blue enriched light source, including eBook readers, however, increases alertness and delays sleep onset, decreases melatonin secretion, disrupts sleep physiology and decreases morning alertness.(然而，通过平板电脑或其他蓝光光源（包括电子书阅读器）阅读，会提高警觉性，推迟睡眠时间，减少褪黑激素分泌，扰乱睡眠生理，降低早晨的警觉性)”可知，上文提到了阅读不仅仅是孩子的睡前仪式，说明成年人睡前也可以阅读，故F选项“对于成年人来说，睡前读一本书可以减少入睡的时间，延长睡眠时间”符合语境，故选F。 六、六选四 【来源】上海市五校2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中联考英语试题 The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food. We want slow food!” 21 One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal. But the food didn’t taste the same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low. This deeply concerned Carlo. Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special. So he started a group to encourage this idea. It soon became the Slow Food Movement. 22 First, what is good food? Good food is fresh. The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown. The fish hasn’t been sitting for days before it is eaten. Good food is seasonable. It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food. Good food satisfies the senses. It should look good, smell good and taste good. And finally, good food is cultural food. Each country has special foods that make it different. Second, food should be clean. 23 Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms. Over time, they can cause health problems in people too. Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment. And third, food should be fair. Food should not cost too much money. 24 The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work. They should work in safe, Healthy conditions. A．Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people. B．Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. C．It should arrive on our plates in the cleanest and most environmentally responsible way. D．All people should be able to purchase healthy food. E．This event wasn’t the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement. F．Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy. 【答案】21．E 22．A 23．B 24．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述慢食运动的起源和理念。 21．第一段“The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food. We want slow food!” (慢食运动始于1986年的意大利罗马。当一家新的麦当劳在一个美丽的历史遗迹附近开业时，一些人站在餐厅外面喊道:“我们不要快餐。”我们要慢食!”)”描述了一次慢食运动，E选项“This event wasn’t the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement. (这一事件并不是慢食运动的唯一开端)”中的This event呼应第一段的事件，同时承接后文“One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal.( 一天，卡罗·佩特里尼去一家餐馆吃传统的饭菜)”开始叙述另一件事。故选E。 22．根据第四段主旨句“First, what is good food? (首先，什么是好的食物?)”和第五段主旨句“Second, food should be clean. (第二，食物要干净)”和第六段主旨句“And third, food should be fair. (第三，食物应该公平)”可知，下文主要围绕食物的好，干净和价格公平三个方面来说的。选项A“Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people. (食物的目标被分成三部分：好，干净和公平)”符合题意，开启下文。故选A。 23．根据第五段主旨句“Second, food should be clean. (第二，食物要干净)”可知，本段主要围绕干净的食物展开。空后“Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms. (农民使用化学药品来杀死昆虫和给植物施肥。但这些化学物质也会损害农场周围的自然环境)”描述了食物种植的方式，呼应了B选项“Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. (今天，人们对粮食的种植和生产方式非常关注)”中的the way people grow and produce food。故选B。 24．空前“Food should not cost too much money. (食物不应该花太多钱)”强调在食物上的花销问题，D选项“All people should be able to purchase healthy food. (所有人都应该能够购买健康食品)”中的purchase呼应前文的cost，都与钱相关。故选D。 七、六选四 【来源】上海市徐汇中学2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题 Tips to Keep Your Personal Items Safe While Travelling You might be surprised to hear that even in the limited space of an airplane, thefts still do occur. In a case reported, two men on board a flight were arrested after being suspected of stealing cash from fellow passengers’ mid-flight. 25 While airlines don’t advertise the fact, they’re not as rare as you may think. There are some tips to ensure you don’t become the victim of such crimes. 26 This is especially important if you have a black, featureless bag. For example, you can sew a symbol on it or write your initials on the bag. Keep your valuables such as cash, your ID and passport, and jewellery in a small bag that you can place under the seat in front of you. Rest your feet on your bag to make sure no one gets close to the bag. 27 It takes just a few seconds for experienced thieves to steal your bag, so never give them the opportunity by leaving it unattended. 28 For example, you can divide your cash into three portions and keep some in your small bag, some in a pair of jeans that’s rolled up in your checked baggage, and some in your toiletries bag (化妆包). In this way, even if you lose one stash of money, you will not be left with absolutely no cash. A．To ensure you get enough storage room, try to board the flight early. B．Bring it with you whenever you leave your seat. C．Thieves won’t spend too long on locked bags as it may draw attention to themselves. D．Cases like this are known as in-flight, or mid-flight thefts. E．Keep your cash or credit cards in different hiding places. F．Make sure your bag is easily recognizable so thieves can’t just switch it out with a similar looking bag. 【答案】25．D 26．F 27．B 28．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些好的方法以帮助我们在旅行时更好地保护个人物品安全。 25．根据空前“In a case reported, two men on board a flight were arrested after being suspected of stealing cash from fellow passengers’ mid-flight.(据报道，在一起案件中，一架飞机上的两名男子因涉嫌在飞行途中从其他乘客那里偷钱而被捕。)”以及空后“While airlines don’t advertise the fact, they’re not as rare as you may think.(虽然航空公司不宣传这一事实，但它们并不像你想象的那么罕见。)”可知，空处和在飞行途中的偷窃相关。选项D“Cases like this are known as in-flight, or mid-flight thefts.(像这样的案件被称为飞行中或飞行中盗窃。)”与上下文内容相一致，指的是在飞行中盗窃。故选D。 26．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“This is especially important if you have a black, featureless bag. For example, you can sew a symbol on it or write your initials on the bag.(如果你有一个黑色的、毫无特色的包，这一点尤其重要。例如，你可以在上面缝一个符号，或者在包上写上你名字的首字母。)”可判断，本段讲述的是要让自己的包很容易辨认。选项F“Make sure your bag is easily recognizable so thieves can’t just switch it out with a similar looking bag.(确保你的包很容易辨认，这样小偷就不会把它换成一个看起来很像的包。)”与下文内容一致，指的是要确保自己的包很容易辨认。故选F。 27．根据空前“Keep your valuables such as cash, your ID and passport, and jewellery in a small bag that you can place under the seat in front of you. Rest your feet on your bag to make sure no one gets close to the bag.(把你的贵重物品，如现金、身份证、护照和珠宝放在一个小袋子里，放在你前面的座位下面。把你的脚放在你的包上，确保没有人靠近你的包。)”以及空后“It takes just a few seconds for experienced thieves to steal your bag, so never give them the opportunity by leaving it unattended.(经验丰富的小偷只需要几秒钟就能偷走你的包，所以千万不要给他们机会，把包放在无人看管的地方。)”可知，本段讲述的是要看好自己的包，不要让自己的包离开自己的视线。选项B“Bring it with you whenever you leave your seat.(当你离开座位的时候带上它。)”是上文内容的自然延续，同时引出下文内容。故选B。 28．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“For example, you can divide your cash into three portions and keep some in your small bag, some in a pair of jeans that’s rolled up in your checked baggage, and some in your toiletries bag (化妆包). In this way, even if you lose one stash of money, you will not be left with absolutely no cash.(例如，你可以把你的现金分成三份，一些放在你的小包里，一些放在一条牛仔裤里，卷在你的托运行李里，还有一些放在你的洗漱包里。这样，即使你失去了一笔钱，你也不会完全没有现金。)”可知，在本段中，作者主要建议我们不要把现金等放在一起，分下来放，这样即便丢失一份，也不会失去全部。选项E“Keep your cash or credit cards in different hiding places.(把现金或信用卡藏在不同的地方。)”与下文内容一致，指的是不要把现金放在一起。故选E。 八、六选四 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷 Israeli Company Develops 3D Printed Beef If there were an award for the funniest company name of 2022, then the 3D printed meat company “Steakholder” would win that award. Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd. has introduced its new product, Omakase Beef Morsels, which are bioprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef, famous for its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is also very expensive. The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US. 29 Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks. 30 A bite can be made juicier, chewier, and the taste can also be altered. The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells. 31 “This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO of Steakholder Foods. “It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.” 32 Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists. “We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food, technology and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.” So there you have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner. A．The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded. B．Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef, chicken and even fish. C．The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences. D．Additionally, producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health. E．The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific 3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company. F．In the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat, ready to be processed into the final product, whether it’s a burger, steak, or even a meatloaf. 【答案】29．B 30．C 31．F 32．A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍以色列的一家公司研发了3D打印牛排。 29．根据上文“The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US.”(该公司成立于2019年，在以色列和比利时设有办事处，目前正在将业务扩展至美国。)可知，接下来要描述公司将业务扩展至美国的目的。选项B“其目标是创造可持续的肉类产品，以取代牛肉、鸡肉甚至鱼等肉类。”和上文意思一致。故选B。 30．根据上文“Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.”(利益相关者使用牛的干细胞生产其印刷牛肉，并且肌肉组织和脂肪由两种不同的生物墨水印刷。)可知，这里主要讲述印刷牛肉的成分构成。选项C“肉和脂肪的层次可以以不同的比例重新组合，以创造不同的风味体验。”和上文意思一致。故选C。 31．根据上文“The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.”(这个过程首先选择动物来提取干细胞。这些细胞选自能够提供最佳肉类和产量的动物。下一步是增殖，将细胞放入营养丰富的反应器中增殖。当细胞达到适当的数量时，干细胞会变成肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞。)可知，这一段主要介绍印刷牛肉的制作过程。选项F“在最后的步骤中，肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞被转化为肉，准备加工成最终产品，无论是汉堡、牛排，甚至是肉饼。”和上文意思一致。故选F。 32．根据下文“Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists.”(其3D生物打印技术的专利是其3D打印工程师和细胞生物学家密切合作的结果。)可知，这一段主要介绍公司取得的成绩。选项A“该公司自成立以来已经取得了几个里程碑。”和下文意思一致。故选A。 九、六选四 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷 How do companies decide who to send overseas? 33 Just find someone with the right background, ask them if they wanted to go, and that was it. So an engineer just needed to be able to offer the technical expertise required to do the job, a manager simply needed to know the right people, an accountant needed to know how the books worked and nothing else. If they could speak English, then they could probably do the job. But times are changing. More and more overseas assignments are failing. The reason? Lack of intercultural competence. Companies have discovered that finding the right person for the job is much more than simply identifying the person who could have done the job if it had been in their home country. 34 And this failure is more than irritating. It costs companies a lot of money to replace someone who does not fit in. So how do companies judge if someone has the right competence for a job in another country? 35 Are they interested in other ways of doing things? Can they see advantages and disadvantages, or only their own viewpoint? Sensitivity is a key factor too. Is the person able to deal with other ways of looking at a problem? How do they deal with authority? What about motivation? Are they willing to treat others with respect and understanding? Such questions can be answered partly by the use of questionnaires and interviews, but of course only real experience can give the final answer. So what else can a company do to make sure that a person is right for an overseas assignment? 36 Experienced colleagues can also be used to ease someone through the first stages. And another key area is to make sure that the relatives receive similar backup and training: it’s no good having a happy employee who is under pressure from his or her partner to come home. A．Working with other cultures is not for everyone. B．One way is training, and many companies now invest substantial amounts of money to prepare people to cope with living and working in another culture. C．It used to be so easy. D．The ideal person for an overseas assignment has to be delegated when necessary. E．One way is to try and find out how aware they are of other cultures. F．They need to be able to accept other ways of doing things. 【答案】33．C 34．A 35．E 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公司如何决定派谁去海外工作，以及确保其适合海外生活和工作的方法。 33．根据后文“Just find someone with the right background, ask them if they wanted to go, and that was it. So an engineer just needed to be able to offer the technical expertise required to do the job, a manager simply needed to know the right people, an accountant needed to know how the books worked and nothing else. If they could speak English, then they could probably do the job.(只要找到有合适背景的人，问他们是否想去，就行了。所以一个工程师只需要能够提供做这项工作所需的技术专长，一个经理只需要认识合适的人，一个会计只需要知道账簿是如何工作的，而不是其他。如果他们会说英语，那么他们可能就能做这项工作)”可知，后文都在陈述公司派谁去海外以前很容易。所以选择项C“It used to be so easy.(以前很容易)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 34．根据前文“The reason? Lack of intercultural competence. Companies have discovered that finding the right person for the job is much more than simply identifying the person who could have done the job if it had been in their home country. (原因何在？缺乏跨文化能力。公司已经发现，寻找合适的人选远不只是简单地找出如果工作地点在他们的祖国就能胜任的人那么简单)”可知，公司派出缺乏跨文化能力的人，这种人不适合与其他文化合作。所以选择项A“Working with other cultures is not for everyone. (并不是每个人都适合与其他文化合作)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 35．根据前文“So how do companies judge if someone has the right competence for a job in another country?(那么，公司如何判断一个人是否有能力胜任另一个国家的工作呢？)”和后文“Are they interested in other ways of doing things? Can they see advantages and disadvantages, or only their own viewpoint? Sensitivity is a key factor too. Is the person able to deal with other ways of looking at a problem? How do they deal with authority? What about motivation? Are they willing to treat others with respect and understanding? (他们对其他做事的方式感兴趣吗？他们能看到优点和缺点吗，还是只有他们自己的观点？敏感度也是一个关键因素。这个人是否能够从其他角度看待问题？他们如何与权威打交道？动力呢？他们愿意尊重和理解他人吗？)”可知，公司判断一个人是否胜任另一个国家工作的方法之一就是了解他对其他文化的了解程度。所以选择项E“One way is to try and find out how aware they are of other cultures.(一种方法是试着找出他们对其他文化的了解程度)”符合上下文语境。故选E。 36．根据前文“So what else can a company do to make sure that a person is right for an overseas assignment?(那么，公司还能做些什么来确保一个人适合海外工作呢？)”和后文“Experienced colleagues can also be used to ease someone through the first stages. And another key area is to make sure that the relatives receive similar backup and training: it’s no good having a happy employee who is under pressure from his or her partner to come home. (有经验的同事也可以帮助员工度过最初的阶段。另一个关键领域是确保亲属得到类似的支持和培训：让一个快乐的员工在伴侣的压力下回家是没有好处的)”可知，公司确保一个人适合海外工作方法是投入资金培训并让他适应新文化。所以选择项B“One way is training, and many companies now invest substantial amounts of money to prepare people to cope with living and working in another culture. (一种方法是培训，许多公司现在投入大量资金，让员工做好适应另一种文化的生活和工作的准备)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 十、六选四 【来源】上海市晋元高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题 Is breakfast really that important? With almost 20% of people reporting skipping the first meal of the day, people are wondering whether breakfast is really that important. Well, the overwhelming majority of research supports that breakfast is more than something your Mom nagged you about. 37 . The National Weight Control Registry is tracking over 10,000 Americans who have lost significant amounts of weight and kept it off for long periods of time. 38 .Other large studies have linked eating breakfast to decreased waistlines. Skipping breakfast may turn out to be one of the worst barriers to your weight loss efforts, for certain individuals. It is because not eating breakfast may lead to their increased amounts of late-night snacking. 39 . Academic performance is associated with eating breakfast in children and teens, including improvements in reading, math and science. Nutrition can improve cognitive function, and deficiencies of key vitamins and minerals are linked to decreased concentration and cognition. Moreover, skipping breakfast leads to malnutrition and lack of specific nutrients, which is linked to aggression and problem behaviors. 40 . A．A large percentage of participants, around 78%, claim that it is a daily routine for them to have this meal in the morning. B．For example, there are strong and consistent links to increased bullying behavior with skipping breakfast in both boys and girls. C．However, many people skip breakfast or substitute a donut (炸面圈) and a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal. D．Actually it turns out to be an important daily behaviour that benefits people in different aspects. E．While breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. F．Benefits of breakfast go way beyond physical aspects of health. 【答案】37．D 38．A 39．F 40．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃早餐对人有多方面的益处。 37．由下文第二段中“Other large studies have linked eating breakfast to decreased waistlines. (其他大型研究表明，吃早餐与腰围降低有关)”和下文第三段中“Academic performance is associated with eating breakfast in children and teens, including improvements in reading, math and science. (学习成绩与儿童和青少年吃早餐有关，包括阅读、数学和科学方面的进步)”可知，吃早餐对人有多方面的益处，D选项“事实证明，这是一种重要的日常行为，在不同方面对人们都有好处。”承接上文“Well, the overwhelming majority of research supports that breakfast is more than something your Mom nagged you about. (绝大多数研究都支持早餐不仅仅是你妈妈唠叨你的事情)”讲吃早餐的重要性，即吃早餐不仅仅是妈妈唠叨你应该做的日常行为，吃早餐还有多方面的好处。故选D项。 38．由上文“The National Weight Control Registry is tracking over 10,000 Americans who have lost significant amounts of weight and kept it off for long periods of time. (美国国家体重控制登记处正在追踪1万多名美国人，他们已经减掉了大量的体重，并长期保持体重)”可知，参与者通过坚持吃早餐减肥了并长期保持体重，承接上文，A项“大约78%的参与者声称，早上吃这顿饭是他们的日常生活。”通过陈述数据进一步表明吃早餐对身体有益处的原因。故选A项。 39．由上文第二段“The National Weight Control Registry is tracking over 10,000 Americans who have lost significant amounts of weight and kept it off for long periods of time. (美国国家体重控制登记处正在追踪1万多名美国人，他们已经减掉了大量的体重，并长期保持体重)”和下文“Academic performance is associated with eating breakfast in children and teens, including improvements in reading, math and science. (学习成绩与儿童和青少年吃早餐有关，包括阅读、数学和科学方面的进步)”可知，吃早餐不仅对身体的益处，还对学习有益处，说明早餐的好处远远超出了身体健康方面，承接上下文，F选项“早餐的好处远远超出了健康的身体方面。”切题。故选F项。 40．由上文“Moreover, skipping breakfast leads to malnutrition and lack of specific nutrients, which is linked to aggression and problem behaviors. (此外，不吃早餐会导致营养不良和缺乏特定营养素，这与攻击性和问题行为有关)”可知，B选项“例如，在男孩和女孩中，不吃早餐与欺凌行为的增加有着强烈而一致的联系。”承接上文讲不吃早餐可能与攻击性和问题行为有关的不利影响。故选B项。 十一、六选四 【来源】上海进才中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size. 41 However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop. So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. 42 For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back. But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness. Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. 43 So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time. 44 Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair. A．It is unlike anything you would buy for yourself. B．However, shoppers should remember this is a privilege, not a right. C．Unfortunately, the law does not explain what it meant by “reasonable”. D．All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home. E．Either the thing has to be broken or unsuitable for the job it was intended to do. F．You should make clear what your legal position is before returning goods to the shop. 【答案】41．D 42．E 43．B 44．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述当你收到一份无用或尺寸不对的礼物时怎样去退换货以及退换货的一些要求。 41．根据上文“It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size.(当你收到一份无用或尺寸不对的礼物时，往往很难表现出高兴的样子)”及下文“However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.( 然而，你没有权利仅仅因为它不适合或不符合你的喜好而更换购买的物品。更糟糕的是，买卖协议是在买家和商店之间达成的)”可知，设空处应说的是发现礼物不合适可以去更换。由此可知，选项D“你所能做的就是等你的朋友或亲戚回家后再换。”符合题意。故选D。 42．根据上文“But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it.(但更换并不总是那么简单，因为它必须有一个很好的理由)”可知，下文应该介绍更换的理由。由此可知，选项E“要么是这个东西坏了，要么是它不适合它本来要做的工作。”都符合更换的理由，和上文连接紧密，故选E。 43．根据上文“Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods.(许多大商店对退货的态度要宽容得多，他们认为毫无疑问地换货是一种善意的表示。包括玛莎百货(Marks & Spencer)在内的商店以其对退货的“无异议”政策而闻名)”可知，这是一些商店给消费者的一种特权。由此可知，选项B“然而，购物者应该记住这是一种特权，而不是一种权利。”符合语境，故选B。 44．根据下文“Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.(一些商店和商店期望在购买后一周内退货，而另一些商店可能允许更长的时间限制。无论如何，如果你在被认为是“合理”的时间后归还了一件东西，那么你在法律上有权得到的只是修理费)”可知，本段主要讲述商家所给的退货的合理时间限制。由此可知，选项C“不幸的是，法律没有解释‘合理’是什么意思。”符合题意，故选C。 十二、六选四 【来源】上海市曹杨第二中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 Lego in China Engineers gather around a table-sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding airports for helicopters, car parks and other improvements with colorful bricks. 45 Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two hours. Zhu Yunfei, watching his son, marvels at the variety: “Coming here to play with him is making up for my childhood,” he says. They drop by every week. Lego’s rise in China has been shiningly attractive. In 2017 it overlook Alpha Group, a local giant, to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games). In the past two years it has opened 89 stores and wants 50 more by December, which will bring it to 30 cities. Its first Chinese factory started making bricks in 2016. The toy industry is growing by 9% annually in the country, but the Danish firm’s Chinese section has won “very strong double digits(两位数)”, says Paul Huang, its boss. 46 In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and recorded its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each. Lego has thus retained its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, snatched from Mattel in 2014 - even as its American rival last year earned its highest revenues in five years from its Barbie dolls. Newly wealthy parents in China have helped Lego recover. “We have not reached the extreme out there, by far,” says Niels Christiansen, whom Lego brought in as chief executive two years ago. 47 Last year 98% of those surveyed by Lego said that play was essential for their child’s well-being, even more than Americans and Danes. Lego has also sensibly managed to meet the demands of local tastes. 48 Fans were delighted at the attention to cultural detail. One was a Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner kit, with tiny red envelopes and chunlian, lucky couplets on banners pasted around doorways. A dragon boat race set included a sticky-rice dumpling, a popular festival snack. The high-quality kits are pricey, costing up to 700 yuan ($100) a piece. A．It has done so even though the brick-maker’s global business has looked shakier. B．It has been sold in great volumes with various kinds of sets and earned the fame as the most suitable toys for children to play with. C．Removing a child from Lego’s vast shop near People’s Square can be like unsticking two stubborn bits of Lego. D．Over the past decades, Lego’s sales volume in China is not as satisfying as it expected. E．As in the West, the educational merits of bricks appeal to Chinese parents. F．This year the firm launched several sets specifically for China, the first time it has done so for any country. 【答案】45．C 46．A 47．E 48．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了乐高公司在中国的营销发展状况。 45．上文“Engineers gather around a table-sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding airports for helicopters, car parks and other improvements with colorful bricks(工程师们聚集在一个桌子大小的中国美术馆(上海的地标性建筑)模型周围，用彩色砖块为直升机增加机场、停车场和其他改进)”。后一句“Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two hours(李阳从深圳来这里旅游几天，她已经等了女儿两个小时了)”则以李阳的女儿为例，表明了孩子们对这些玩具的痴迷程度。因此，该句应该表示“孩子们很喜欢这些玩具”的意思。结合选项，C选项Removing a child from Lego’s vast shop near People’s Square can be like unsticking two stubborn bits of Lego. (让一个孩子离开人民广场附近的乐高商店，就像解开两块顽固的乐高积木)符合语境。故选C。 46．下文“In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and recorded its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each(2017年，乐高裁员1400人，收入和利润出现十多年来首次下滑。但去年两者都有所回升，分别上涨了4%)”具体陈述了乐高2017年和去年的运营状况。该空位于句首，应该对其运营情况进行概述。结合选项，A选项It has done so even though the brick-maker’s global business has looked shakier. (尽管这家制砖商的全球业务看起来不太稳定，但它还是做到了)符合语境。故选A。 47．下文“Last year 98% of those surveyed by Lego said that play was essential for their child’s well-being, even more than Americans and Danes(去年，乐高的调查显示，98%的受访者表示玩耍对孩子的健康至关重要，这一比例甚至超过了美国人和丹麦人)”阐述了中国父母购买乐高玩具的原因。那么该句应该明确“玩乐高玩具有好处”这样的意思。结合选项，E选项As in the West, the educational merits of bricks appeal to Chinese parents. (和西方一样，积木的教育价值也吸引了中国父母)符合语境。故选E。 48．上文“Lego has also sensibly managed to meet the demands of local tastes(乐高还明智地满足了当地口味的需求)”提到乐高满足当地口味需求这种做法。该空承接上文，可以举例来说明这一点。结合选项，F选项This year the firm launched several sets specifically for China, the first time it has done so for any country. (今年，该公司专门为中国推出了几套产品，这是该公司首次为某个国家推出此类产品)符合语境。故选F。 十三、六选四 【来源】上海市嘉定一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 A selection from the trolley The trolley problem used to be a popular question in philosophical ethics(伦理学).It runs as follows: a trolley, or a train, is speeding down a track towards a junction(三叉路口). Some evildoer has tied five people to the track ahead, and another person to the branch line. You are standing next to a lever(操纵杆) that controls the junction. Do nothing, and the five people will be killed. Pull the lever, and only one person dies. What is the ethical course of action? 49 A truly self-driving car, after all, will have to be given ethical instructions of some sort by its human programmers. That has led to a boom for the world’s professional ethicists, who suddenly find themselves in hot demand. In a paper just published in Nature, a team of psychologists and computer scientists, led by Edmond Awad of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), describe a different approach. 50 They created a website which presents visitors with a series of choices about whom to save and whom to kill. The website proved a hit. In the end it gathered nearly 40m decisions. The strongest preferences, expressed by respondents from all over the world, were for saving human lives over animal ones, preferring to save many rather than few and prioritising children over the old. 51 Iyad Rahwan, a computer scientist at MIT and one of the paper’s authors, says that many people dismiss the trolley problem as pointless as it is unlikely to arise in real life. He is unconvinced. The specific situations described by the website may hardly ever occur, he says. 52 He gives the example of overtaking cyclists: “If you stay relatively near to the cycle lane, you’re increasing the chance of hitting a cyclist, but reducing the chance of hitting another car in the next lane over,” he says. A．But all sorts of choices made by the firms producing self-driving cars will affect who lives and who dies in indirect ways. B．Rather than asking philosophers for their thoughts, they decided instead to ask the public. C．That seems to conflict with most people’s moral preferences. D．The preference for saving women, for instance, was stronger in places with higher levels of gender equality. E．There were weaker preferences for saving women over men, pedestrians over passengers in the car and for taking action rather than doing nothing. F．The excitement around self-driving cars, though, has made the problem famous. 【答案】49．F 50．B 51．E 52．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章阐述自动驾驶技术的伦理问题，文章还讲述了一个网站收集的公众对此问题的观点。 49．根据下文“A truly self-driving car, after all, will have to be given ethical instructions of some sort by its human programmers. That has led to a boom for the world’s professional ethicists, who suddenly find themselves in hot demand.(毕竟，一辆真正的自动驾驶汽车必须由它的人类程序员给予某种道德指导。这导致了全球职业伦理学家的激增，他们突然发现自己很受欢迎。)，可知下文讨论了关于自动驾驶汽车的问题，F项中的“self-driving cars”与之呼应，因此推断F项“然而，人们对自动驾驶汽车的兴奋情绪，已经让这个问题声名于世。”，F项中的the problem指代上文提的“the ethical course of action”，呼应下文“the world’s professional ethicists”，说明自动驾驶汽车存在的道德方面的问题促使全球职业伦理学家很受欢迎。故选F。 50．根据上文“In a paper just published in Nature, a team of psychologists and computer scientists, led by Edmond Awad of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), describe a different approach.(在《自然》杂志刚刚发表的一篇论文中，由麻省理工学院的埃德蒙德·阿瓦德领导的心理学家和计算机科学家团队描述了一种不同的方法。)”可知，前文讲述心理学家埃德蒙德·阿瓦德和科学家团队使用了另一种方式，B项中的“rather than”与different呼应，因此推断B项“他们没有向哲学家们询问他们的想法，而是决定问问公众。”承接前文的讲述。故选B。 51．前文“The strongest preferences, expressed by respondents from all over the world, were for saving human lives over animal ones, preferring to save many rather than few and prioritising children over the old.(来自世界各地的受访者表示，最优先的是拯救人类而不是动物的生命，优先拯救多数人而不是少数人，优先考虑儿童而不是老年人。)”阐述了收集到公众们的评论结果，阐述了人们优先考虑的事情，E项中的“weaker preferences”呼应前文的“The strongest preferences”，E项“对于拯救女性而非男性、拯救行人而非车内乘客、采取行动而非袖手旁观的偏好较弱。”符合语境，从另一方面阐述公众们的观点。故选E。 52．根据下文“He gives the example of overtaking cyclists: “If you stay relatively near to the cycle lane, you’re increasing the chance of hitting a cyclist, but reducing the chance of hitting another car in the next lane over,” he says.( 他举了一个超车自行车骑手的例子：“如果你呆在相对靠近自行车道的地方，你就会增加撞到自行车骑手的机会，但却会减少在下一个车道上撞上另一辆车的机会。”)”可推断，此处讲述如何设计自动驾驶汽车的选择间接影响着他人的生命，A项“但生产自动驾驶汽车的公司所做出的各种选择将以间接方式影响谁活着和死亡。”符合语境。故选A。 十四、六选四 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷 How to save planet earth Have you ever held a product in your hands and considered the existential weight of your purchase? Beyond each price tag hides a ripple effect. It expands from soil to water ways, grocery aisle to kitchen plates, factories to fulfillment centers and mail slots to landfills. This global impact has become less hidden in the past decade, and ignoring the people downstream from us has grown increasingly difficult. We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide(CO2)per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO2 is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming. 53 We know we need to do better, but we feel helpless and overwhelmed. Let’s call this the eco-essential crisis; it applies on a deeply personal level for most environmentally aware humans, and on a global scale. Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption. 54 The world is more complicated than that. In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or agonized over this question: What should I do? 55 So, we took this question to five people who have immersed their careers, research and writing in the realities of climate science. One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson-a marine biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet. 56 There are just more meaningful and long-lasting ways to expend your energy in the climate fight. Most of them involve organization and collective action. “Individuals join together to collectively have far more power changing the system than they can as individuals,” says Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. A．That doesn’t mean it’s none of your business. B．these experts propose other key steps that every human can take toward a better future. C．Similar challenge apply to use of plastics and consumption of meat and other goods. D．Part of the challenge with the environmental movement is the astonishing list of things we need to change. E．The solution to this problem, however, is not for you to stop using the internet, according to Schlossberg. F．It’s easy to get lost in the storm of supposed answers around social media, the latest data sets and “ego-friendly” marketing campaigns. 【答案】53．A 54．E 55．F 56．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何拯救我们的地球。 53．根据上文“We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide(CO2)per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO2 is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.(我们比以往任何时候都更加清楚我们的消费给地球留下的印记，而地球现在养活着近80亿人。尽管有大量证据表明二氧化碳是导致全球变暖的温室气体的罪魁祸首，但人类每年仍在向大气中排放超过30亿吨的二氧化碳)”以及后文“We know we need to do better, but we feel helpless and overwhelmed. Let’s call this the eco-essential crisis; it applies on a deeply personal level for most environmentally aware humans, and on a global scale.(我们知道我们需要做得更好，但我们感到无助和不知所措。我们称之为生态本质危机；它适用于大多数具有环境意识的人类，并且适用于全球范围内的个人层面)”可知，上文说明了人类每年排放大量二氧化碳，故本句承接上文说明这一事实带来的启示：这并不意味着这不关你的事。故A选项“这并不意味着这不关你的事”符合语境，故选A。 54．根据上文“Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption.(气候记者兼作家Tatiana Schlossberg表示，在2021年，即使是去超市一趟简单的旅行也会让人感到瘫痪。“我想买当地的东西，但不是有机的。或者，它可能装在一个塑料盒子里，”她说。在她2019年出版的《不显眼的消费》一书中，她探索了商店货架之外的领域，探索了人类破坏地球的不那么明显的方式。例如，你的互联网使用与大量的碳排放和能源消耗联系在一起)”以及后文“The world is more complicated than that.(世界比这复杂得多)”可知，本段主要说明了Tatiana Schlossberg的环保做法，且上文提到了互联网的使用，可知本句是在说明Schlossberg对互联网使用的看法。故E选项“Schlossberg认为，这个问题的解决方案并不是让你停止使用互联网”符合语境，故选E。 55．根据上文“In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or agonized over this question: What should I do?(事实上，作为一个关心气候问题的地球上的好公民，你可能会问或苦恼于这个问题：我应该做什么？)”以及后文“So, we took this question to five people who have immersed their careers, research and writing in the realities of climate science.(所以，我们把这个问题交给了五个人，他们的职业、研究和写作都致力于气候科学的现实)”可知，上文提出了关于该做什么的问题，可知本句是在对上文问题的回答并与下文构成因果关系，故F选项“人们很容易迷失在围绕社交媒体、最新的数据集和“自我友好”的营销活动的假想答案的风暴中”符合语境，故选F。 56．根据上文“One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson — a marine biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet.(他们最一致的观点之一可能会让你大吃一惊：消费者责任没有击中要害。“环保运动的主要失败之一就是让每个人都把注意力集中在这些每个人都能做的小事上。海洋生物学家、播客“如何拯救地球”的共同主持人Ayana Elizabeth Johnson说)”以及后文“There are just more meaningful and long-lasting ways to expend your energy in the climate fight. Most of them involve organization and collective action.(在应对气候变化的斗争中，还有更有意义、更持久的方式来消耗你的能源。其中大部分涉及组织和集体行动)”可知，上文说明了环保运动的主要失败之一是让每个人都把注意力集中在这些每个人都能做的小事上，可知挑战在于改变的事情太多，D选项中environmental movement对应上文中。故D选项“环保运动的部分挑战是我们需要改变的事情的惊人清单”符合语境，故选D。 十五、六选四 【来源】上海市杨浦区市东中学2021-2022学年高一上期中考试英语试题 Getting into Employment in High School Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. 57 Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. Do some homework on jobs and careers. There are many types of jobs and careers that most people have never heard of or know little about. How do you discover them? 58 How did they get interested in their career? What education and skills are required to perform their jobs? What do they like about their careers? Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. You can also learn about various careers online. 59 Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. As you explore the majors and programs offered at various colleges, take a moment to read through the relevant department’s information on careers for students in that major. Keep career planning in mind when visiting colleges. Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. 60 Make a point to ask about the services offered by each college’s Career Center when you visit colleges. Or better yet, stop in to the Center and say hello. While on campus, you will also have opportunities to talk with professors and students. Use those occasions to ask faculty about what their departments do to help prepare students for jobs after graduation, and ask current students about internships they’ve done, research opportunities, and what their majors and career plans are. A．Begin with your current interests, talents, hobbies, and personal strengths and weaknesses. B．Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. C．They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. D．Connect the dots between college majors and careers. E．Enrichment activities, such as summer programs on college campuses, can also help you learn about various jobs and careers. F．Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. 【答案】57．F 58．B 59．D 60．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要为即将上大学的高中生提供有关职业方面的建议。 57．上文“Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. (可以理解的是，许多高中生更专注于进入大学，而不是大学毕业后找工作。)”及下文“Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. (以下是你现在可以做的一些事情。当你还在上高中的时候，可以开始考虑可能的职业。)”说明高中生不太关注大学毕业后找工作的事情。对此，作者给出一些建议。F项“Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. (然而，对于你可能感兴趣的职业，至少要有一些想法，这是大学规划的重要组成部分)”承上启下，故选F。 58．下文“Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. (不要害羞，成年人通常很高兴回答这些问题。)”说明可以向成年人询问有关工作的事情。B项“Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. (首先与你认识的成年人谈谈他们的工作。)”与下文内容一致，说明可以向成年人愿意回答有关工作的事情。故选B。 59．下文“Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. (虽然你的大学专业并不总是决定你最终会为职业做些什么，但了解各种专业如何与职业联系起来是职业规划的一部分。)”指出将所学专业与职业联系起来。D项“Connect the dots between college majors and careers. (将大学专业和职业联系起来。)”总结下文，与下文内容一致，故选D。 60．上文“Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. (每个大学校园都有一个职业中心，由经过培训的专业人员组成，以帮助大学生解决与职业相关的问题。)”说明大学的职业中心可以帮助大学生解决与职业有关的问题。C项“They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. (他们帮助学生选择专业和职业，找到实习和工作机会，并获得重要的求职技能。)”具体介绍学校职业中心可以帮助学生解决的问题，承接上文，故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$