外刊阅读理解测试11-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

To live longer, pick up the pace just three minutes a day, study shows Hurry to the bus stop. Rush up the stairs. Play tag with your kids. Romp with the dog. Vacuum the living room with a little extra zing. Increasing the vigor and gusto of our daily activities could have a substantial impact on our longevity, according to a fascinating new study of movement intensity and mortality. The study finds that as few as three minutes a day of vigorous everyday activity is linked to a 40 percent lower risk of premature death in adults, even when they do not otherwise exercise at all. “It is fantastic” research, said Ulrik Wisloff, the director of the K.G. Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. He has extensively studied activity and longevity but was not involved in the new study. The study’s results join mounting scientific evidence that adding a little intensity to our lives pays big dividends for our health, without requiring extra equipment, instruction, gym memberships or time. The idea that how we move influences how long we live is hardly new. Plenty of research links regular exercise with longer life spans, including the formal public health exercise guidelines, which recommend at least 150 minutes a week of moderate exercise for health and longevity. More-focused research, though, suggests intensifying some of our exercise — making sure our heart rates and breathing rise — amplifies the health benefits. In a large-scale 2006 study from Wisloff’s lab, for instance, just 30 minutes a week of intense exercise dropped the risk of dying from heart disease by about half in men and women, compared to people who were sedentary. Similarly, a study published last year in JAMA Internal Medicine concluded that people who occasionally pushed themselves during exercise were about 17 percent less likely to die prematurely than other people who did the same amount of exercise, but at a gentler, moderate pace. Both of these studies, though, and similar, past research were based on people’s subjective recall of how much and how hard they exercised. They also were exercise studies, making them inherently of interest mostly to people who exercise or would like to, which does not represent the greater part of humanity. “If we’re honest, most people are allergic to the word ‘exercise,’” said Emmanuel Stamatakis, a professor of physical activity and health studies at the University of Sydney in Australia, who led the new study. What does the new study show? A. Vigorous daily activity has no impact on longevity. B. Three minutes a day of vigorous everyday activity is linked to a higher risk of premature death. C. As few as three minutes a day of vigorous everyday activity is linked to a lower risk of premature death. D. Only long periods of vigorous activity can affect longevity. Who was not involved in the new study? A. Emmanuel Stamatakis. B. Ulrik Wisloff. C. People from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. D. People from the University of Sydney. What does plenty of research link? A. Irregular exercise with longer life spans. B. Regular exercise with shorter life spans. C. Regular exercise with longer life spans. D. No exercise with longer life spans. What amplifies the health benefits according to more-focused research? A. Reducing exercise intensity. B. Intensifying some exercise. C. Doing only moderate exercise. D. Avoiding exercise altogether. What were past research based on? A. People's objective recall of exercise. B. People's subjective recall of how much and how hard they exercised. C. Accurate measurements of exercise. D. Direct observations of people's exercise. Why falling asleep with the lights on is bad for your health Many of us are surrounded by light at night — from streetlights streaming through our windows to televisions and smartphones by our beds. And now research shows that exposure to light at night in the hours before bedtime and even during sleep can be detrimental to our health. Light is a key regulator of our brain’s biological clock, known as the suprachiasmaticnucleus. “Light is powerful in that it can synchronize rhythms and, at the wrong time, it can desynchronize rhythms,” said Phyllis Zee, neurologist and director of the Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. In one 2022 study, Zee and her colleagues tested how light exposure would affect the biology of 20 young healthy adults as they slept. One group spent a night asleep in dim light, similar to dusk, followed by a night with the overhead lights on. The overhead lights emitted a glow that was roughly equivalent to hotel hallway lighting — bright, but not sufficient for comfortable reading, Zee said. A control group spent both nights sleeping in dim light. Participants who slept with the lights on reported that they slept fine, but brain recordings showed that they spent less time in slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep, which are more restful stages critical for cognitive functioning. The effects on their metabolism and heart were even more striking. Blood samples indicated that a single night sleeping under room light increased participants’ insulin resistance, which is important for blood sugar control, the following morning. But most surprising to the researchers was how the light exposure affected heart rate. “It was high the entire night,” Zee said. “That’s what was bizarre.” These results suggest that, even with our eyes closed, our brain can be aware of relatively low light, which may cause the brain’s autonomic “fight-or-flight” system to become “low-key revved up,” Zee said. “It’s almost like in preparation to run or having to wake up.” Though this study was conducted with a small sample size of young and healthy people, other recent research suggests that light exposure during sleep may be even more detrimental to older individuals. In another 2022 study involving over 550 adults 63 and older, Zee and her colleagues found that any light exposure during sleep was associated with higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Other research indicated that sleeping with even a little light in the room decreased sleep quality. Kenji Obayashi, a researcher studying the epidemiology of circadian rhythms at Nara Medical Universityin Japan, conducted a 2019 study involving over 1,100 older participants that found light exposure in the hours before waking up was associated with more sleep disturbances. “We know that even moderate levels of light at night, like you may see coming in from the windows outside or your night light or hallway light, seems to affect your brain,” Zee said. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Sleeping with the lights on has no negative effects. B. Light at night is beneficial for our health. C. Exposure to light at night can be harmful to our health. D. Only bright lights at night are bad for our health. What did Zee and her colleagues find in the 2022 study on young adults? A. Sleeping with lights on had no impact on sleep stages. B. Sleeping with lights on increased time in slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep. C. Sleeping with lights on decreased insulin resistance. D. Sleeping with lights on reduced restful sleep stages and had other negative effects. What was most surprising about the light exposure in the study on young adults? A. The increase in insulin resistance. B. The effect on heart rate. C. The change in metabolism. D. The impact on cognitive functioning. What did Obayashi's 2019 study find? A. Light exposure before waking up had no effect on sleep. B. Light exposure before waking up was associated with better sleep. C. Light exposure in the hours before waking up led to more sleep disturbances. D. Only bright light before waking up caused sleep disturbances. Who may be more affected by light exposure during sleep? A. Young people. B. Middle-aged people. C. Older individuals. D. Everyone is equally affected. Chile's desert climate and hard work make for unusual wines Extreme temperatures, intense desert sun and the height of the land give grapes grown in Chiles Atacama Desert a thick skin. Local farmers from the worlds driest desert say that gives wine made from the grapes a rich, strong taste. The grape growing area is 3,600 meters above sea level in between mountains with few plants. The grapes from Caracoles vineyard withstand severe hot and cold weather. Sixty-seven-year-old Cecilia Cruz has managed the vineyard for the last six years. She is used to the deserts severe conditions. "For me it is not difficult because Im raised on the land," Cruz said." This is the future for my children also for later, when I am not here, for them. I am very proud." “ Native Atacama people like Cruz have grown other crops for a long time. They have tried different ways to learn how to make wines on the high land. Cruz is one of 18 producers that form part of the Lickanantay Farmer Cooperative which makes the wine, called Allyu. The group produces about 12,500 bottles of Allyu each year. The wine has received international awards. The vineyards that produce the wine are close to the town of San Pedro de Atacama which is popular with visitors. But Cruz said there are still some difficulties with growing grapes. She thinks an expert in wine growing, that is, an oenologist, could help by visiting the vineyard. But Allyus own expert, Fabian Munoz, says other problems, like the intense sun, have really been helpful by making the wine unusual. Munoz said the strong sun and cold nights make the grapes skin thicker. The climate also gives the wine an interesting smell. Some wine lovers say they can taste the soil and surroundings in which grapes grew before they were made into wine. Munoz said the Atacama wines hold onto those qualities well. Munoz said: "One of the identities of our wines is that they express the place (of origin) very well. We dont want to lose the essence of that salt taste, that desert taste, that volcanic rock taste, and the grapes flavors, which are distinctive. "He added that he wants the wine drinker to taste the different wines and say, Wow, Im tasting the Atacama Desert. The owner of Bosque Viejo Vineyard, Hector Espindola, said it is very hard to make wine in the highlands. He added that it is not the kind of work everyone enjoys. "The young people dont want to work in agriculture; they want to do something else. We are working in agriculture, and we are going to continue as long as we can, every day with more effort and dedication," Espindola said. What gives grapes in Chile's Atacama Desert a thick skin? A. Gentle sunlight. B. Mild temperatures. C. Extreme temperatures and intense desert sun. D. Frequent rain. Who manages the Caracoles vineyard? A. Fabian Munoz. B. Hector Espindola. C. Cecilia Cruz. D. An unnamed oenologist. What is one of the difficulties mentioned in growing grapes in the Atacama Desert? A. Lack of water. B. Absence of tourists. C. Need for an oenologist. D. Excessive rainfall. What makes the Atacama Desert wine unusual? A. The mild climate. B. The presence of many plants. C. The intense sun and cold nights. D. Frequent storms. What is Hector Espindola's opinion about making wine in the highlands? A. It is easy work. B. Everyone enjoys it. C. It is very hard work. D. It requires little effort. Humans, Dolphins Working Together to Fish A fishing community in southern Brazil has an unusual ally: wild dolphins. Stories of people and dolphins working together to catch fish go back thousands of years. But historians and storytellers have told the human side of the story. Until recently, it has been impossible to know how dolphins have benefited from the relationship. Now, sonar and underwater listening devices can follow them underwater and suggest an answer. In the coastal city of Laguna, scientists have used drones, underwater sound recordings and other tools to track dolphins. The scientists can see how local people and dolphins cooperate and benefit from each other's work. The most successful humans and dolphins are skilled at reading each other's body language. The research was published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The Laguna residents work with wild bottlenose dolphins to catch schools, or groups, of silver fish called mullet. It is an alliance that has been recorded in local newspaper records going back 150 years. "This study clearly shows that both dolphins and humans are paying attention to each other's behavior, and that dolphins provide a cue to when the nets should be cast," said Stephanie King. She is a biologist who studies dolphin communication at the University of Bristol in Britain and was not involved in the research. "By working with the dolphins," the people catch more fish, "and the dolphins are more successful in foraging, too," King added. When it comes to fishing, dolphins and humans have different abilities. Mauricio Cantor is an Oregon State University marine biologist and co-writer of the study. In Laguna, the water is cloudy, so people are unable to see the fish, he said. But the dolphins use sounds to find them. As the dolphins herd the fish toward the coast, the people run into the water holding fish nets. "They wait for dolphins to signal exactly where fish are – the most common signal is what locals call ‘a jump,' or a sudden deep dive," Cantor said. The researchers used sonar and underwater listening devices, or microphones, to track the positions of the dolphins and fish. Drones recorded the action from above, and GPS devices attached to residents' wrists recorded when they casted their nets. The more closely the people timed casting their net to the dolphins' signals, the more likely they were to catch a large amount of fish. How do dolphins benefit? When the nets fall in the water, it scares the fish. They then break into smaller schools that are easier for dolphins to hunt. Cantor said the dolphins sometimes also take one or two fish from the net. The Laguna residents group the individual dolphins as "good," "bad," or "lazy." The grouping is based on their skill in hunting and likelihood of cooperating with humans, said Cantor. The people get most excited when they see a "good" dolphin approaching shore. It is not clear how the Laguna cooperation first started. But it has survived many human and dolphin generations. The knowledge is passed down by experienced fishers and dolphins to the next generation of both. Still, the researchers in Brazil worry that the Laguna alliance may be in danger. Pollution threatens the dolphins and there are fewer local fisheries. Scientists hope that more attention to the unusual cooperation can help drive support to protect it. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Dolphins hunting alone. B. Humans fishing without help. C. The cooperation between humans and dolphins in fishing. D. Pollution in the ocean. How do humans in Laguna know when to cast their nets? A. By seeing the fish. B. By using sonar. C. By waiting for dolphins' signals. D. By using GPS devices. What do dolphins benefit from the cooperation? A. They get a larger fishing area. B. They can take fish from the net and hunt smaller schools of fish. C. They have better sonar devices. D. They get new fishing nets. What is the basis for the Laguna residents to group dolphins? A. Their size. B. Their color. C. Their skill in hunting and likelihood of cooperating with humans. D. Their speed. What is the researchers' worry about the Laguna alliance? A. There are too many dolphins. B. There are too many fishers. C. Pollution and fewer local fisheries. D. The cooperation is too complex. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ To live longer, pick up the pace just three minutes a day, study shows 答案： C。解析：文中提到 “The study finds that as few as three minutes a day of vigorous everyday activity is linked to a 40 percent lower risk of premature death in adults.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “Ulrik Wisloff, the director of the K.G. Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. He has extensively studied activity and longevity but was not involved in the new study.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “Plenty of research links regular exercise with longer life spans.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “More-focused research, though, suggests intensifying some of our exercise — making sure our heart rates and breathing rise — amplifies the health benefits.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “Both of these studies, though, and similar, past research were based on people’s subjective recall of how much and how hard they exercised.”。 Why falling asleep with the lights on is bad for your health 答案： C。解析：文章主要讲述了夜晚暴露在灯光下，包括睡前和睡眠期间，对健康有害。 D。解析：文中提到参与者在有灯光下睡觉报告说他们睡得很好，但大脑记录显示他们在慢波和快速眼动睡眠中的时间减少，同时对新陈代谢和心脏有更显著的影响。 B。解析：文中提到但最让研究人员惊讶的是光照对心率的影响。 C。解析：文中提到 Obayashi 的 2019 年研究发现，醒来前几个小时的光照与更多的睡眠障碍有关。 C。解析：文中提到其他近期研究表明，睡眠期间的光照可能对老年人更有害。 Chile's desert climate and hard work make for unusual wines 答案： C。解析：文中提到 “Extreme temperatures, intense desert sun and the height of the land give grapes grown in Chile's Atacama Desert a thick skin.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “Sixty-seven-year-old Cecilia Cruz has managed the vineyard for the last six years.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “But Cruz said there are still some difficulties with growing grapes. She thinks an expert in wine growing, that is, an oenologist, could help by visiting the vineyard.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “Munoz said the strong sun and cold nights make the grapes skin thicker. The climate also gives the wine an interesting smell.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “The owner of Bosque Viejo Vineyard, Hector Espindola, said it is very hard to make wine in the highlands.”。 Humans, Dolphins Working Together to Fish 答案： C。解析：文章主要讲述了人类和海豚在巴西南部一起合作捕鱼的事情。 C。解析：文中提到 “They wait for dolphins to signal exactly where fish are – the most common signal is what locals call ‘a jump,' or a sudden deep dive.”。 B。解析：文中提到 “When the nets fall in the water, it scares the fish. They then break into smaller schools that are easier for dolphins to hunt. Cantor said the dolphins sometimes also take one or two fish from the net.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “The grouping is based on their skill in hunting and likelihood of cooperating with humans.”。 C。解析：文中提到 “Still, the researchers in Brazil worry that the Laguna alliance may be in danger. Pollution threatens the dolphins and there are fewer local fisheries.”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$