新概念英语第二册 Lesson 10 Not for jazz 讲义

Lesson 10 Not for jazz 1.jazz n. 爵士音乐 联想： pop (music) 流行音乐 rock （music） 摇滚音乐 hip-pop 嘻哈 light music 轻音乐 classical music 古典音乐 country music 乡村音乐 搭配：play jazz 演奏爵士音乐 2.musical adj 音乐的，有音乐天赋的 例：She was not only intelligent but also very musical. 她不仅聪明而且有音乐天赋 搭配：musical instrument 乐器 词根：music n.音乐 派生词：musical adj. 音乐的，有音乐天赋的 musician n. 音乐家 练习：①She has a great love for ________. ②The ________ was very talented and could play many instruments. ③We went to see a ________ carnival（嘉年华） last night. It was wonderful. 答案：①music ②musician ③musical 解析： ①“music” 是 “音乐” 的总称，不可数名词。第一句表达她对音乐有极大的热爱，用 “music”。 ②“musician” 意思是 “音乐家”，是指从事音乐创作或演奏的人。第二句说这个人很有才华且能演奏多种乐器，所以是 “音乐家”，用 “musician”。 ③“musical” 作形容词时表示 “音乐的”，后面有名词carnival，则可知前面应该为形容词 辨析：music student 学音乐的学生 musical student 有音乐天赋的学生 3.damage v,损坏（强调破坏后可以修复） 例：Many houses were damaged in the earthquake. 很多房子在地震中破环了 复习：spoil, damage, destroy, break v.破坏 练习: ①The heavy rain ________ the crops. ②His carelessness ________ his chance of getting the job. ③The earthquake ________ many buildings. ④He accidentally ________ the vase. 答案：①damaged ②spoiled ③destroyed ④broke。 解析： ①“damage” 通常表示 “损害”“损坏”，程度相对较轻，一般是部分受损，可以修复。句子中大雨对庄稼造成了损害，但不是完全摧毁，用 “damage”。 ②“spoil” 有 “破坏”“糟蹋”“使…… 扫兴” 等意思，侧重于使原本好的东西变糟。这里表示他的粗心破坏了他得到这份工作的机会，用 “spoil”。 ③“destroy” 表示 “摧毁”“毁灭”，程度非常严重，通常是不可修复的破坏。地震使很多建筑物被完全摧毁，用 “destroy”。 ④“break” 主要指 “打破”“折断”，一般是具体的物品破碎或损坏。他不小心打破了花瓶，用 “break”。 4.key n.琴键，关键，钥匙 adj. 重要的，关键的 例：Don’t strike the keys too hard. You many damage them. 不要太使劲敲琴键，你可能会破坏他们 搭配：关键词 key word 标准答案 key answer 门钥匙 the key to the door 成功的关键 the key to success 合成词：keyboard n. 键盘 5.shock v.使不悦或生气，震惊；n. 打击，震惊 例：The news gave him a big shock. 这个消息给了他巨大的打击 搭配：be shocked at 因……而震惊 回顾：shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 练习：The shocking accident shocked the whole family and every member felt shocked . 辨析： shock vs surprise ①shock:有“震怒”，“不悦”之意 ②surprise 常指“惊喜” 练习：①The fossil’s（老顽固）behaviour of hitting other passengers on the subway shocked everyone. ②I am surprised at hearing from him for we were out of contact for a few years. 6. allow v. 允许 例：Children under 18 _ are not allowed_ to drive cars. 18岁以下的孩子不允许开车 Father sometimes allows me to play phone games.爸爸有时允许我玩手机 搭配： allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 sb be allowed to do sth 某人被允许做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事 练习： ①My parents don't allow me ______ late. A. stay up B. to stay up C. staying up D. stayed up 答案：B。 解析：“allow sb. to do sth.” 是固定用法，表示 “允许某人做某事”。stay up late 表示 “熬夜”，所以要用 to stay up。 ②We are not allowed ______ mobile phones in class. A. to use B. use C. using D. used 答案：A。 解析：同样是 “allow sb. to do sth.” 的被动形式 “be allowed to do sth.”，在课堂上我们不被允许使用手机，所以用 to use。 ③The school doesn't allow ______ in the library. A. to talk B. talk C. talking D. talked 答案：C。 解析：“allow doing sth.” 表示 “允许做某事”，学校不允许在图书馆交谈，所以用 talking。 ④My teacher allowed me ______ the exam again. A. Take B. to take C. taking D. took 答案：B。 解析：“allow sb. to do sth.”，老师允许我再参加一次考试，用 to take。 ⑤They don't allow ______ here. It's dangerous. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam 答案：C。 解析：“allow doing sth.”，他们不允许在这里游泳，因为很危险，用 swimming。 7.touch v.触摸，感动 n.接触 复习：touched = moved adj. 感动的，扣动心弦的 例：Please don’t touch anything in the room. 不要触摸房间里的东西 This story touched everyone. 这个故事感动了所有人 I have been keeping in touch with my pen pal for ten years. 我和笔友十年以来一直保持联系 搭配：keep in touch with sb 和某人保持联系 get in touch with sb 和某人取得联系 练习：We have kept in touch with each other for neatly ten years, but recently I couldn’t get in touch with her when she went abroad. 8.复习：动词的被动语态 （1）概念：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 （2）构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词。不同时态下的被动语态形式会有所不同： ·一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词。例：English is spoken by many people.很多人说英语 ·一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词。如：The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的 ·一般将来时：will be + 过去分词。例：The work will be finished tomorrow.这项工作明天将会完成 ·现在进行时：am/is/are + being + 过去分词。例：The house is being painted now.这房子正在被粉刷 ·过去进行时：was/were + being + 过去分词。例：The car was being repaired when I passed by.我经过的时候，这辆车正在被修理 ·现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词。例：The book has been read by me.这本书已经被我读过了。 （3）用法 ①不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。 例：The window was broken.窗户被打破了。不知道是谁打破的。 ②强调动作的承受者时。 例：The novel was written by Lu Xun.这部小说是鲁迅写的。强调小说这个承受者。 （4）同步练习 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①The classroom ________ (clean) by the students every day. 答案：is cleaned 解析：every day 表明是一般现在时，classroom 是被打扫的对象，所以用 is cleaned ②The letter ________ (write) by him yesterday. 答案：was written 解析：yesterday 提示是一般过去时，letter 是被写，所以用 was written。 ③The work ________ (finish) next week. 答案：will be finished 解析：next week 表明是一般将来时，work 是被完成，所以用 will be finished 句型转换 ①They grow rice in the south.（改为被动语态） Rice ________ ________ in the south. 答案：is grown 解析：一般现在时的被动语态，rice 是不可数名词，所以用 is grown。 ②He bought a new car last month.（改为被动语态） A new car ________ ________ by him last month. 答案：was bought 解析：一般过去时的被动语态，car 是单数，所以用 was bought 9.be made in +地方 表示“在哪里制作” 例：The products were made in Chine. 产品由中国制造 拓展：be made by +执行者 由……制作 be made of +看得见的原材料 由……制作 be made from + 看不见的原材料 由……制作 练习：①The TV is made in China. ②The paper is made from wood. ③Those cell phones are made by HUAWEI. ④The desks and chairs are made of wood. 10.keep v. 保持，保留，放置，喂养 例：You can keep the book for two days. 这本书你可以保留两天 Do you keep pets? 你养宠物吗？ You should do some exercise to keep healthy. 你应该通过锻炼来保持健康 Please always keep the room. 请一直保持房间清洁 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$