内容正文:
Lesson 8 The best and the worst
1.复习:形容词比较级和最高级
(1)形容词、副词原级比较
①肯定句:as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”,表示“和……一样……”
例:He is as tall as his brother. 他和他哥哥一样高。
练习: I run fast as Bolt does 我和博尔特(Bolt)跑得一样快
(让学生思考以下问题:①这里的fast是什么词性?用来修饰句中的哪个词?②为什么这句话中要有does? 能否省略does?让学生在讲义上补齐笔记)
②否定句:“not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as”,表示(前者)不如(后者)
例:He is not as/so tall as his brother. 他不如他哥哥高
练习: He doesn’t run as/so fast as bolt 他不如博尔特跑得快
*注意:在否定句中才可以用 so,肯定句中只能用as
(2)形容词、副词比较级与最高级
①词形变化
·规则变化
变化规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况在词尾直接+ -er 或 -est
hard
harder
hardest
以不发音的e结尾的单词,直接+ -r或-st
nice
nicer
nicest
以重读闭音节结尾的单词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est
thin
thinner
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-er 或 -est
heavy
heavier
heaviest
多音节和部分双音节单词,在原级前+more 构成比较级;在原级前+most构成最高级
helpful
more helpful
most helpful
·不规则变化(需要积累和识记)
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
(让学生思考以下问题:far 和 old 这两个词的比较级和最高级分别有两种表达形式,有和不同?)
解析:farther 表示距离上“更远的”,further表示程度上“更进一步的”,如:further study 进一步学习,深造。older 表示“更老的,更旧的”,elder 表示辈分上“年长的”如:elder brother 哥哥
②比较级、最高级用法
·比较级用法(用于两者之间的比较)
用法一:A+动词+比较级+than+B,A比B……
例:He is taller than me.他比我高
用法二:比较级+and+比较级,越来越……
例:She is more and more outgoing. 她越来越开朗了
He is taller and taller. 他越来越高了
用法三:The more……,the more…… . 越……就越……
例:The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 吃得越多,长得越胖
用法四:用比较级表达最高级
a.同一范围内比较:A+比较级+than+any other +单数名词
例:He is taller than any other student in his classroom. 他比班里的其他人都要高
b.不同范围比较:比较级+than+any+单数名词
例:Sun Yang swims faster than any swimmer of Australia. 孙杨比澳大利亚运动员游得都要快
c.其他用法:I have never spent a more worrying day. 这是我最担心的一天
d. 比较级的修饰词:much.even,still,rather,far,by far,a little,a lot等放于形容词、副词之前,形容词、副词都要变为比较级形式,译为 非常、很或相当。
例句:The dishes taste much better. 这些菜尝起来相当不错
·最高级用法(用于三者及以上的事物进行比较)
用法一:the+最高级(+比较范围),“最……”
例:She is the bravest girl in our class. 她是我们班里最勇敢的女孩
Among all the sports, I like swimming the best. 所有的运动中,我最喜欢游泳
用法二:最高级前可用序数词修饰,“第几最……”
例:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河
用法三:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词,“最……之一”
例:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一
用法四:当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时,不用定冠词 the 。
例:This is my best friend. 这是我最好的朋友。
That is her most beautiful dress.那是她最漂亮的裙子。
用法四:最高级有时单独使用,没有比较范围,但根据上下文可以判断出其含义。
例:Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节?
用法五:副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。
例如:He runs (the) fastest in his class. 他在他班上跑得最快。
练习:
1.This book is ______ that one, but ______ than that one.
A. as difficult as; expensive
B. as more difficult as; more expensive
C. as difficult as; more expensive
D. more difficult as; as expensive
答案:C
解析:“as + 形容词原级 + as”表示“和......一样......”,所以第一个空用 as difficult as;第二个空根据 than 可知要用比较级,expensive 的比较级是 more expensive。
2.—Which is ______, the sun, the moon or the earth?
—Of course the sun is.
A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. the biggest
答案:D
解析:三者比较用最高级,根据常识太阳比月亮和地球大,所以用 biggest,最高级前要加 the。
3.My sister is ______ than me.
A. funny B. more funny C. funnier D. much funny
答案:C
解析:than 是比较级的标志,funny 的比较级是 funnier。
4.The Yangtze River is one of ______ rivers in the world.
A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest
答案:C
解析:“one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最......之一”,long 的最高级是 longest,最高级前要加 the。
5.—Tom is not as ______ as his brother.
—Yes. His brother studies ______ than him.
A. hard-working; harder
B. more hard-working; harder
C. hard-working; hard
D. hard work; hard
答案:A
解析:“as + 形容词原级 + as”表示“和......一样......”,所以第一个空用 hard-working;第二个空根据 than 可知要用比较级,hard 的比较级是 harder。
6.This ruler is as ______ (long) as that one.
答案:long
解析:“as + 形容词原级 + as”,所以用 long 的原级。
7.My father is ______ (busy) than my mother.
答案:busier
解析:than 是比较级的标志,busy 的比较级是 busier。
8.Who is the ______ (tall) student in your class?
答案:tallest
解析:in your class 表示范围,要用最高级,tall 的最高级是 tallest。
9.The weather today is ______ (nice) than yesterday.
答案:nicer
解析:than 是比较级的标志,nice 的比较级是 nicer。
10.This box is ______ (heavy), but that one is even ______ (heavy).
答案:heavy; heavier
解析:第一个空没有比较,用原级 heavy;第二个空根据 even 可知要用比较级,heavy 的比较级是 heavier。
11.Tom is as old as Jack. (改为否定句)
Tom is not as /so old as Jack.
12.My sister is thinner than me. (改为同义句)
I am fatter than my sister.
13.This story is more interesting than that one. (改为同义句)
That story is less interesting than this one.
14.Lily is the most beautiful girl in her class. (改为同义句)
Lily is more beautiful than any other girl in her class.
15.He is taller than any other student in his class. (改为同义句)
He is the tallest student in his class.
2.competition n. 比赛,竞赛
例:We will take part in a math competition next Monday. 下周一我们将参加一个数学竞赛
词根:compete v. 比赛,竞争
搭配: compete with 与……竞争,比赛
compete for 为了……而竞争
练习:①We can’t compete with them on price.
②Children will usually compete for their mother’s attention.
派生:competitive adj. 有竞争力的
competitor n. 竞争者
同义词:match/game n.通常指球类比赛
race n.通常指速度类的比赛
event n.通常指赛事
试一试: football match 足球比赛
Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
Paralympic Games 残奥会
hurdle race 跨栏比赛
sports event 体育赛事
3.wooden adj. 木头的
例:This wooden desk was bought by my father many years ago. 这个木桌是我爸爸多年以前买的
联想: wood n. 树木
woods n. 树林
bush n. 灌木丛
jungle n. 丛林
forest n. 森林
4.pool n. 水池,赌注
例:They have built a modern swimming pool in the center of the park. 他们在公园的中心,建了一个现代游泳池
短语搭配: do the pools 下赌注
win the pools 赢得赌注
swimming pool 游泳池
回顾复习:bet v./n. 打赌/下注 ( bet → bet )
固定搭配: have a bet on sth/ bet on sth. 打赌/下注
例:He bet 100yuan on the final score of the game.他下100元的赌注在比赛最后的得分上
将例句改为同义句: He have a bet of 100yuan on the final score of the game.
5.enter v.进入(=go into)
短语辨析:
①enter for: 报名参加(强调报名)
②take part in: 参加(强调参加,且发挥作用,=join in)
③attend v. :出席(强调到场)
④join v. : 参军入党(强调加入正式组织成为其中一员)
练习:
①参加运动会 take part in/join in the sports meeting
②出席会议 attend the meeting
③参军/入党 join in the army/Party
6.win v.赢得(won→won)
例:We won the final game with the help of her.在她的帮助下我们最终赢得了比赛
辨析:win vs beat(beat→beaten)
win: 赢得比赛/奖牌等 win sth 不跟人
beat: 打败某人/组织等 beat sb
例:We beat Class Two and won the match.我们打败了2班赢得了比赛
练习:
①赢得第一名 win the first place
②赢了美国队 beat American team
③赢得了奖品 win the prize
④赢得了她的心 win her heart
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