内容正文:
Lesson 5 No wrong numbers
1.No wrong numbers 无错号之虞
解释:“无错号之虞”的意思是没有错误符号的担忧,或者不用担心出现错误符号。
其中,“虞”的常见释义为“忧虑”“担忧”。“无……之虞”是一个固定搭配,表示“没有……的担忧”“不用担心……”。
例如:“做好充分准备,便可无失败之虞。”意思是做好了充足的准备,就不用担心会失败。
2.pigeon n. 鸽子,信鸽,肉鸽
联想:dove n. 和平鸽
例句:Pigeons can carry messages.
The dove is a symbolic of peace.
3.message n, 信息(可数)
例句:He isn’t here. You can leave a message. 他不在,你可以留个口信
搭配: send a message 发送消息
receive a message 收到信息
leave a message 留口信(留言)
take a message 捎个口信(带个口信)
text messages 文本信息
instant messages 即时通讯
区别:message vs information vs news
information n. 信息(不可数)指比较宽泛和通用的词汇,指的是任何形式的知识、数据、事实等,它可以是非常具体的细节,也可以是比较抽象和概括性的内容
message n. 消息(可数)侧重于指口头或书面传递的、特定的、具体的消息、信息或留言
news. n 新闻,消息(不可数)主要指的是关于最近发生的事件、事情的报道和消息,通常具有时效性和公众关注度
练习:
a piece of information 一条消息(information)
a message 一条消息(message)
a piece of news 一条新闻
the latest news 最新新闻(消息)
You can get a lot of information from the Internet.
She left a message for you.
Good news! We won the game.
We need more information to make a decision.
The news of the earthquake shocked everyone.
4.cover v. 越过,覆盖 n. 盖子,封面
例句:They can cover the distance in two minutes. 他们可以两分钟完成全程(只强调“越过”,不强调到底是如何通过的)
The book has a beautiful cover. 这本书有一个漂亮的封面
搭配:be covered with/by 由/被……覆盖
例句:The ground is covered by fallen leaves in autumn.
5.distance n.距离
例句:It is a long distance from Beijing to Shanghai
搭配:long-distance love 异地恋
long-distance runner 长跑运动员
派生:distant adj. 遥远的 distant galaxies 遥远的星系
联想:remote adj. 遥远的,偏远的 remote areas 偏远地区
out of reach 够不到,超出 The book on the top shelf was out of reach.这本书在顶层书架上,够不着
6.request n./v. 要求,请求
例句:I hope you can accept my request. 我希望你能接受我的请求
The teacher requested us to keep quiet during class.老师要求我们上课保持安静
搭配:request sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
have a request for 有……方面的请求
meet one’s requests 满足某人的需求
7.spare part 备件
例句:He has sent a great many requests for spare parts. 他已经发送了大量索取备件的信息
一词多义: spare adj. 备用的,空闲的 v. 抽出,节省,饶恕
搭配: in one’s spare/free time 在某人空闲时
spare money 闲钱
例句:Do you have five minutes to spare? 你可以抽出五分钟时间吗?
The King spared his life and let him go. 国王饶了他的命,并让他离开了
8.service n. 服务,业务
例句:In this way, they have started their new service. 就这样,他开始他的新业务
The service in this restaurant is awful. 这个饭店的服务很糟糕
派生:serve v. 服务,招待
搭配:serve as... = work as...充当;作为;起……的作用
例句:
This room serves as both a study and a guest room. 这个房间既充当书房又作为客房。
She served as the leader of the team for many years. 她多年来一直担任团队的领导。
The old building now serves as a museum. 这座旧建筑现在作为博物馆使用。
拓展:servant n. 仆人 vs master/host n. 主人
civil servant 公务员
9.another adj./adv. 另一个,再一个
用法:another + 可数名词单数
another + 数字+可数名词复数=数字+more+可数名词复数
例句:Give me another cup
You must stay in bed for another two days.
=You must stay in bed for two more days.
搭配:one another=each other 相互
例句:We should respect one another.
复习:other, others, the other, the others, another的用法
①other:adj. 其他的,另外的+名词复数
例句:I have other books to read. 我有其他的书要读。
常用短语:any other + 单数名词,表示“任何其他的一个……”
例句:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中国任何其他城市都大。
②others:pron. 泛指“其他人或物”,相当于“other + 复数名词”
例句:Some people like sports, others like music. 一些人喜欢运动,其他人喜欢音乐。
③the other:指“两者中的另一个”,常与“one...”搭配使用,“one...the other...”表示“一个……另一个……”。。
例句:I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue. 我有两支笔。一支是红色的,另一支是蓝色的。
也可指“特定范围内的其余的”,后接复数名词
例句:There are many students in the classroom. Some are reading, the other students are writing. 教室里有很多学生。一些在读书,其余的在写字。
④the others:特指“其余的全部人或物”,相当于 “the other+可数名词复数“
例句:There are ten people in the room. Five are girls, the others are boys. 房间里有十个人。五个是女孩,其余的都是男孩。
⑤another:“又一;再一;另一”,指三者或三者以上中的另一个。
例句:Please give me another apple. 请再给我一个苹果。
也可表示“另外的;不同的”。
We need another way to solve this problem. 我们需要另一种方法来解决这个问题。
练习:
①I have two cars. One is for my wife, ______ one is for myself.
A. other B. the other C. another D./
解析:“两者中的另一个”用 the other 表示,故选 B。
②Take it easy. There will be ______ two buses coming in a few minutes.
A. another B. other C. others D. more
解析:another 表示“再,又”,后接数词+名词复数,相当于 more+名词复数,这里表示“还有两辆公交车”,故选 A。
③There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are boys, ______ are girls.
A. the other B. others C. the others D. another
解析:这里表示“其余的学生”,是特定范围内的其余全部,用 the others ,相当于 the other +复数名词,故选 C。
④It’s necessary for the young generation to learn to reach out to ______ people in need.
A. other B. the other C. another D. others
解析:other 表示“其他的”,后接复数名词,这里表示帮助其他需要帮助的人,故选 A。
⑤During the Spring Festival, some people visit relatives, ______ go travelling.
A. other B. others C. the other D. another
解析:some...others...表示“一些……另一些……”,这里表示春节期间,一些人走亲戚,另一些人去旅游,故选 B。
10.up to now=till now= up till now 到目前为止(现在完成时态的标志)
11.urgent adj. 紧急的
搭配:in urgent need of 紧急需求
例句:The local hospital is in urgent need of blood.
练习:an urgent event 紧急事件
12.way n.方法,道路
搭配:in this/that way 用这样/那样的方式
by the way 顺便说一下
on the way (to)在(去……的)路上
in a way 在某种程度上
this way 这边请
in the way 挡路,挡道
make one’s way to 奋力前往……
例句:He makes his way to the supermarket.
13.一般过去时 vs 现在完成时
练习:
① —Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth?
—Yes, I ______ it last week.
A. saw B. have seen C. see
解析:last week 是一般过去时的标志词,强调过去某个时间发生的动作,所以答案选 A。
②My sister ______ English for three years.
A. has studied B. studied C. will study
解析:“for three years”表示时间段,常与现在完成时连用,强调过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,答案选 A。
③ —When did you buy this book?
—I ______ it for two days.
A. bought B. have bought C. have had
解析:buy 是瞬间性动词,不能与时间段连用,这里要用持续性动词 have。根据问句中的 did 可知,“买”这个动作发生在过去,所以答案选 C。
④He ______ to the park just now.
A. goes B. went C. has gone
解析:just now 表示“刚才”,是一般过去时的标志词,答案选 B。
⑤They ______ the Great Wall twice.
A. have been to B. went to C. have gone to
解析:“twice”表示去过的次数,这里强调过去的经历,要用现在完成时,have been to 表示“去过某地(已回)”,符合题意,答案选 A。
⑥ —______ you ______ your homework yet?
—Yes, I ______ it an hour ago.
A. Have; finished; finished B. Did; finish; finished C. Will; finish; finish
解析:yet 是现在完成时的标志词,an hour ago 是一般过去时的标志词。问句用现在完成时提问,答句用一般过去时回答动作完成的时间,答案选 A。
⑦I ______ my hometown for a long time.
A. have left B. left C. have been away from
解析:leave 是瞬间性动词,不能与 for a long time 连用,要用 be away from。这里强调离开家乡的状态持续了很长时间,用现在完成时,答案选 C。
⑧She ______ this book since last month.
A. has borrowed B. borrowed C. has kept
解析:borrow 是瞬间性动词,since last month 表示“自从上个月以来”,要用现在完成时,且需用持续性动词 keep 来表示“借”的状态,答案选 C。
⑨We ______ the old man clean his room just now.
A. help B. helped C. have helped
解析:just now 是一般过去时的标志词,答案选 B。
⑩ —How long ______ you ______ here?
—For two years.
A. have; worked B. did; work C. were; working
解析:For two years 是现在完成时的标志词,表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,答案选 A。
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