精品解析：新疆生产建设兵团第六师芳草湖农场中学2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题

2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 第I卷（选择题） 一、阅读理解 International Day of Education 24 January Education is a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed (宣布) 24 January as International Day of Education, in celebration of the role of education for peace and development. Today, 250 million children and youth are out of school, and 763 million adults are illiterate (文盲的). Their right to education is being violated (侵犯) and it is unacceptable. It’s time to transform education. International Day of Clean Energy 26 January The International Day of Clean Energy on 26 January was declared by the General Assembly as a call to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition (过渡) to clean energy for the benefit of people and the planet. 26 January is also the founding date of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), a global intergovernmental agency established in 2009 to support countries in their energy transitions. World Health Day 7 April It is celebrated annually and each year draws attention to a specific health topic of concern to people all over the world. The date of 7 April marks the anniversary of the founding of WHO in 1948. The theme for World Health Day 2024 is “My health, my right”, which was chosen to champion the right of everyone, everywhere to have access to quality health services, education and information, as well as safe drinking water, clean air, good nutrition, quality housing, decent working and environmental conditions. World Environment Day 5 June World Environment Day, held annually on 5 June, brings together millions of people from across the globe, engaging them in the effort to protect and restore the Earth. People from more than 150 countries participate in this United Nations international day, which celebrates environmental action and the power of governments, businesses and individuals to create a more sustainable world. The event has been led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its start in 1973. 1. On what day is the event about world energy marked? A. 24 January. B. 26 January. C. 7 April. D. 5 June. 2. Which of the following event began in 1973? A. International Day of Education. B. International Day of Clean Energy. C. World Health Day. D. World Environment Day. 3. What do the four events have in common? A. They have a common goal. B. They have a long history. C. They’re international events. D. They benefit world environment. For some climate challenges, there are relatively straightforward fixes. For example, renewable energy sources can already replace much of the energy needed to power buildings, cars and more. There’s no substitute for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. If everyone on the planet ate vegetables, greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half; a planet of vegetarians would reduce food emissions by two thirds. If we stopped consuming conventional food and relied on a lab-grown nutritional food instead of soil or water-produced food, we could prevent about 1 degree centigrade of future warming, according to a recent paper that considered the unique thought experiment. “What this work says is: Hey, look, we can still get pretty big wins even if we’re not making these really big changes in dietary composition,” says Clark. “I think that’s really powerful, because a lot of people just don’t want to make those really big dietary changes, for many reasons. While vegetarian diets are becoming more common in America and some European countries, it’s absolutely ridiculous to assume that everyone will be eating a vegetarian diet 30 years from now,” he says. Food choices are personal, deeply connected to cultural, religious, emotional, economic concerns and so much more. “Rather than dictate how to do it, it’s much better to try to give choices,” says Naglaa, a food, nutrition and environment researcher at Tufts University. This approach aims to inform people so that they can make choices that correspond with their needs and values instead of waiting for the authority’s rules and orders. As a whole, those choices can benefit both human health and the planet. For that to happen, it is necessary to work alongside large-scale efforts to reshape industrial food production. “But what people choose to eat daily is far from insignificant,” says Clark. “We don’t all have to become vegetarians overnight. Small changes can make a big difference.” 4. How does the author show the effects of dietary changes in paragraph 2? A. By analyzing the reasons. B. By using a quotation. C. By answering questions. D. By listing data. 5. What is Clark’s attitude towards small dietary changes? A. Indifferent. B. Skeptical. C. Favorable. D. Negative. 6. What does the underlined word “dictate” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Command. B. Persuade. C. Perceive. D. Describe. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. How small changes to our diets can benefit the planet B. Small changes in life choices can make a big difference C. Why renewable energy sources can reduce gas emissions D. Lab-grown nutritional food could prevent future warming A speech in a play by Shakespeare can be as short as a word or as long as several hundred But what is the most common length? Staying away from Shakespeare himself for a moment, we can take Ben Jonson’s play Volpone (1606) and count the number of speeches and their lengths. The most common length is four words. The next most common length is five words. Of the other 16 Jonson’s plays, 12 also have a speech length mode (模式) of four. It was not just Jonson; it was everybody. After 1602, four-word speeches were the most common kind across all the early modern plays that survived. The London theatre industry took off in the late 1580s and early 1590s and we see a concentration of speech length modes of nine or ten. After 1602, the mode of four predominated. If we look just at Shakespeare’s plays, we find him doing what everyone else did: changing from favoring nine-word speeches to favouring four-word speeches around 1597-1602 and never going back. Our suggestion is that the playwrights (剧作家) learned progressively from one another how to represent more closely the speech lengths of everyday exchanges and found that audiences responded well to these. They started to focus less on strict writing rules and more on the liveliness of everyday speech. Another way to think of this is offered by the Russian literary scholar Boris Yarkho. He put forward an “index (指数) of liveliness” — the ratio of the number of speeches to the total number of lines in a play. He researched the works of the 17th-century French playwright Pierre Corneille and found that his comedies have a higher index because of their shorter speeches. The move from a mode of nine words to a mode of four represents the shortened average speech, and thus a move to livelier drama in Yarkho’s terms. Nevertheless, we have no record of any dramatist or playgoer reflecting on the shortening of average speech lengths; our only knowledge of it comes from counting the words in the plays for ourselves. 8. What happened in English plays around the 1600s? A. Their storylines were about famous writers. B. They were influenced by a poetic writing style. C. They featured different storytelling techniques. D. Their speeches were generally shorter in length. 9. What does the underlined word “predominated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Remained unique. B. Took the leading position. C. Disappeared slowly. D. Played an educational role. 10. Why did playwrights change their writing styles according to paragraph 4? A. To challenge traditional writing rules. B. To stand out by applying their unique style. C To avoid being affected by social values. D. To create realistic and acceptable speeches. 11. Which of the following is Yarkho’s opinion on the change in plays? A. It saved actors the trouble of memorizing their lines. B. It reflected people's preference for serious dialogues. C. It helped present dramas in an active and pleasant way. D. It made the characters express their feelings effectively. Mars may seem like a dry desolate place, but the red planet transforms into an otherworldly wonderland in winter, according to a new video shared by NASA. It’s late winter in Mars’ Northern Hemisphere, where the Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter are exploring an ancient river delta (三角洲) that once fed into Jezero Crater billions of years ago. As the planet’s main feature, dust drives Martian weather, but the planet is no stranger to snow, ice and frost. There are two types of snow on Mars. One is the kind we experience on Earth made of frozen water. The thin Martian air and sub-zero temperatures means that traditional snow changes from a solid directly to a gas, before touching the ground on Mars. The other type of Martian snow is carbon dioxide based, or dry ice, and it can land on the surface. A few feet of snow tends to fall on Mars in its flat regions near the poles. “Enough falls that you could snowshoe (穿雪鞋走路) across it.” said Sylvain Piqueux, a Mars scientist at NASA’S Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, in a statement. So far, no orbiters(轨道飞行器) or rovers have been able to see snow fall on the red planet because the weather phenomenon only occurs at the poles beneath cloud cover at night. The cameras on the orbiters can’t peer through the clouds, and no robotic explorers have been developed that could survive the freezing temperatures at the poles, which can be as low as minus 120 degrees Celsius. However, the Mars Climate Sounder instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter can detect light that’s invisible to the human eye. It has made detections of carbon dioxide snow falling at the Martian poles. The Phoenix lander, which arrived on Mars in 2008, also used one of its laser instruments to detect water-ice snow from its spot about 1,600 kilometers away from the Martian north pole. Thanks to photographers, we know snowflakes on Earth are unique and six sided. Beneath a microscope, Martian snowflakes would likely look a little different. “Because carbon dioxide ice has a symmetry (对称) of four, we know dry-ice snowflakes would be cube-shaped (立方体的), ” Piqueux said. “Thanks to the Mars Climate Sounder, we can tell these snowflakes would be smaller than the width of a human hair.” Ice and carbon dioxide-based frosts also form on Mars, and they can occur farther away from the poles. The Odyssey orbiter (which entered Mars orbit in 2001) has watched frost forming and turning to a gas in the sunlight, while the Viking landers spotted icy frost on Mars when they arrived in the 1970s. 12. What can we learn about the snow made of frozen water on Mars? A. It contains lots of dust. B. It makes the Martian air thick. C. It keeps its form stable while falling. D. It can hardly be seen on the Martian ground. 13. What makes it difficult for robotic explorers to see snow fall on Mars? A. The freezing temperature. B. The thickness of clouds. C. The changing weather pattern. D. The distance from the poles. 14. What can the Mars Climate Sounder tell us about dry-ice snowflakes? A. Their smell. B. Their size. C. Their speed. D. Their direction. 15. What is the best title of the text? A. It Seldom Snows on Mars B. It Is Much Colder on Mars C. The Beautiful Winter on Mars D. The Seasonal Changes on Mars 第II卷（非选择题） 二、完形填空 When I look back, I can’t help feeling grateful and blessed. Twelve years ago, I arrived alone in Central Florida from Puerto Rico. I had heard of a job opportunity and decided to ____16____ it. But it never became a ____17____. Once my limited ____18____ ran out, I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando. For the first time, I, who had lived a ____19____ life in a middle class family, understood the ____20____ someone feels when they don’t get enough to eat. I clearly remembered ____21____ a distance on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program before they ____22____ at 7 pm. ____23____, local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless, Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me ____24____ my painful experience. With the ____25____ of these programs, I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition and ____26____ two degrees from Valencia. My experience ____27____ me to the fact that help meant everything to people in need and inspired me to be ____28____ helping others. Today, I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversee the summer ____29____ programs. I am so proud to be able to ____30____ food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me. 16. A. depend on B. go for C. run after D. react to 17. A. dream B. threat C. reality D. puzzle 18. A. patience B. energy C. resources D. funds 19. A. busy B. painful C. comfortable D. stressful 20. A. disappointment B. anger C. loneliness D. despair 21. A. running B. measuring C. keeping D. walking 22. A. opened B. closed C. refused D. retired 23. A. Frankly B. Occasionally C. Gradually D. Fortunately 24. A. relate B. identify C. survive D. battle 25. A. assistance B. recognition C. benefit D. operation 26. A. rejected B. received C. found D. lost 27 A. awoke B. applied C. offered D. sent 28. A. impressed by B. concerned about C. devoted to D. attracted to 29. A. feeding B. school C. camp D. vacation 30. A. donate B. show C. award D. deliver 三、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Signs You Are Eating Pre-Made Food at a Restaurant Even at fine dining restaurants, serving pre-made food is a common practice most regular customers are not aware of. So how can you know for sure your food was made ____31____ you ever sat down at your table? Here’s how to tell if the food you’re eating is fresh. You may be excited to see your waitress approaching with your food not long after you order it, but the biggest sign ____32____ you’re dinning at a restaurant serving pre-made food is how quickly your food arrives at the table. A freshly prepared meal that’s made for people ____33____(order) takes time. What doesn’t take much time is reheating pre-made food, ____34____ is often done at fast-food restaurants. An extensive menu means the chef ____35____ have all those ingredients on-hand, which makes it difficult to guarantee freshness along with timeliness. To solve this problem, chefs often use pre-made food. That can range from already packaged products ____36____ preparing the meals in advance, but either way, they’re getting a head start, and the quality of your meal may suffer from ____37____. Often enough, the establishment you ____38____(dine) at is the first indicator that your meal is pre-made. Choosing a chain restaurant for your dining destination may seem like a safe choice, for you know what’s on the menu and you know ____39____ it’s going to taste like, no matter what city you’re in. Say you’re at a restaurant and you order a steak. You wait in anticipation, watering at the thought of ____40____(slice) into a juicy steak. Your order arrives, and it looks just like you imagined it would, except for the taste. That’s probably because your steak hit the microwave before it hit your plate! 四、书信写作 41. 人类在太空探索领域取得了重大突破，但有人却对进行太空探索表示质疑。请你就此话题写一篇英语短文，阐述你对太空探索看法。内容包括：1.人们对太空探索表示质疑的原因；2.你的观点及理由。 注意：写作词数应为80左右； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、读后续写 42. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The only real job I’d ever had was as manager of a local cafe. That was a rich experience, but I will never forget one thing. Our family has a tradition of running cafes. When I was a kid, I had the dream of running a coffee shop independently. The third year after I graduated from college, the opportunity came. My father took over a café shop in the central city, far from home. Maybe there was no suitable person to manage. My father did offer me full responsibility from decoration to business. Winter coming after fall, I was busy, painful and happy. So tired as I was, I bothered myself to open up my café shop on the freezing morning. With many customers streaming in, I knew another long business day began. And I had to serve far into the night. As I rushed among the tables, suddenly, a voice asked if I could mind a child. I was quite angry but I could tell the man was quite desperate (绝望的). So I had to make a deal with him that if he wanted his son to stay and wait for him, he had to buy something in the shop. This was quite hard for the man to do. I could tell he was quite poor by the way he was dressed. It looked as if he had tried to come in his best clothes. But they still looked a bit old and worn out as if he had often worn them, just to make himself look best. Looking down I could see his shoes were also a bit torn and the heels (鞋后跟) were in a terrible state. I thought he was going for a job interview. In the end he bought a small box of cookies for his little son and seated him down in the corner. I could tell the boy was feeling down and only could do with a bit of cheering up. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Seeing that the kid sat there, I was a bit worried. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At closing time, the only person left was the little boy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 第I卷（选择题） 一、阅读理解 International Day of Education 24 January Education is a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed (宣布) 24 January as International Day of Education, in celebration of the role of education for peace and development. Today, 250 million children and youth are out of school, and 763 million adults are illiterate (文盲的). Their right to education is being violated (侵犯) and it is unacceptable. It’s time to transform education. International Day of Clean Energy 26 January The International Day of Clean Energy on 26 January was declared by the General Assembly as a call to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition (过渡) to clean energy for the benefit of people and the planet. 26 January is also the founding date of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), a global intergovernmental agency established in 2009 to support countries in their energy transitions. World Health Day 7 April It is celebrated annually and each year draws attention to a specific health topic of concern to people all over the world. The date of 7 April marks the anniversary of the founding of WHO in 1948. The theme for World Health Day 2024 is “My health, my right”, which was chosen to champion the right of everyone, everywhere to have access to quality health services, education and information, as well as safe drinking water, clean air, good nutrition, quality housing, decent working and environmental conditions. World Environment Day 5 June World Environment Day, held annually on 5 June, brings together millions of people from across the globe, engaging them in the effort to protect and restore the Earth. People from more than 150 countries participate in this United Nations international day, which celebrates environmental action and the power of governments, businesses and individuals to create a more sustainable world. The event has been led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its start in 1973. 1. On what day is the event about world energy marked? A. 24 January. B. 26 January. C. 7 April. D. 5 June. 2. Which of the following event began in 1973? A. International Day of Education. B. International Day of Clean Energy. C. World Health Day. D. World Environment Day. 3. What do the four events have in common? A. They have a common goal. B. They have a long history. C. They’re international events. D. They benefit world environment. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个国际日，分别是教育国际日、清洁能源国际日、世界卫生日和世界环境日，以及它们的日期、目的和历史。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二部分“The International Day of Clean Energy on 26 January was declared by the General Assembly as a call to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition (过渡) to clean energy for the benefit of people and the planet.”（1月26日的清洁能源国际日是由联合国大会宣布的，目的是提高人们的认识，动员行动，为了人民和地球的利益，实现公正和包容的清洁能源过渡。）可知，世界能源的活动在1月26日，故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分“World Environment Day, held annually on 5 June, brings together millions of people from across the globe, engaging them in the effort to protect and restore the Earth. The event has been led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its start in 1973.”（每年6月5日举行的世界环境日，汇集了全球数百万人，让他们参与保护和恢复地球的努力。这个活动自1973年开始就由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）领导。）可知，世界环境日始于1973年，故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分“The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed (宣布) 24 January as International Day of Education, in celebration of the role of education for peace and development.”（联合国大会宣布1月24日为国际教育日，以庆祝教育对和平与发展的作用。）根据第二部分“The International Day of Clean Energy on 26 January was declared by the General Assembly as a call to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition (过渡) to clean energy for the benefit of people and the planet.”（联合国大会宣布1月26日为国际清洁能源日，旨在呼吁提高认识并动员行动，以公正和包容的方式过渡到清洁能源，造福人类和地球）根据第三部分“It is celebrated annually and each year draws attention to a specific health topic of concern to people all over the world.”（世界卫生日每年举行一次庆祝活动，每年都提请人们注意世界各地人民关心的一个具体健康问题）根据第四部分“The event has been led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its start in 1973.”（该活动自1973年开始以来一直由联合国环境规划署(UNEP)领导。）这四个活动都是由联合国或其相关机构发起的，都是全球性的活动，因此它们的共同点是它们都是国际性的活动，故选C。 For some climate challenges, there are relatively straightforward fixes. For example, renewable energy sources can already replace much of the energy needed to power buildings, cars and more. There’s no substitute for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. If everyone on the planet ate vegetables, greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half; a planet of vegetarians would reduce food emissions by two thirds. If we stopped consuming conventional food and relied on a lab-grown nutritional food instead of soil or water-produced food, we could prevent about 1 degree centigrade of future warming, according to a recent paper that considered the unique thought experiment. “What this work says is: Hey, look, we can still get pretty big wins even if we’re not making these really big changes in dietary composition,” says Clark. “I think that’s really powerful, because a lot of people just don’t want to make those really big dietary changes, for many reasons. While vegetarian diets are becoming more common in America and some European countries, it’s absolutely ridiculous to assume that everyone will be eating a vegetarian diet 30 years from now,” he says. Food choices are personal, deeply connected to cultural, religious, emotional, economic concerns and so much more. “Rather than dictate how to do it, it’s much better to try to give choices,” says Naglaa, a food, nutrition and environment researcher at Tufts University. This approach aims to inform people so that they can make choices that correspond with their needs and values instead of waiting for the authority’s rules and orders. As a whole, those choices can benefit both human health and the planet. For that to happen, it is necessary to work alongside large-scale efforts to reshape industrial food production. “But what people choose to eat daily is far from insignificant,” says Clark. “We don’t all have to become vegetarians overnight. Small changes can make a big difference.” 4. How does the author show the effects of dietary changes in paragraph 2? A. By analyzing the reasons. B. By using a quotation. C. By answering questions. D. By listing data. 5. What is Clark’s attitude towards small dietary changes? A. Indifferent. B. Skeptical. C. Favorable. D. Negative. 6. What does the underlined word “dictate” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Command. B. Persuade. C. Perceive. D. Describe. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. How small changes to our diets can benefit the planet B. Small changes in life choices can make a big difference C. Why renewable energy sources can reduce gas emissions D. Lab-grown nutritional food could prevent future warming 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了饮食方面的小改变是如何造福地球的。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“If everyone on the planet ate vegetables, greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half; a planet of vegetarians would reduce food emissions by two thirds. If we stopped consuming conventional food and relied on a lab-grown nutritional food instead of soil or water-produced food, we could prevent about 1 degree centigrade of future warming, according to a recent paper that considered the unique thought experiment. (如果地球上的每个人都吃蔬菜，粮食系统的温室气体排放量可以减少一半以上；一个素食主义者的星球将减少三分之二的食物排放。根据最近一篇考虑了这一独特思想实验的论文，如果我们停止食用传统食品，转而依靠实验室种植的营养食品，而不是土壤或水生产的食品，我们就可以防止未来约1摄氏度的变暖)”可推知，作者通过列举数据来表明饮食方面的改变可以缓解地球的温室效应。故选D项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中Clark所说的话“What this work says is: Hey, look, we can still get pretty big wins even if we’re not making these really big changes in dietary composition(这项研究表明：嘿，看，即使我们没有在饮食成分上做出这些真正的大改变，我们仍然可以取得相当大的成功)和“I think that’s really powerful, because a lot of people just don’t want to make those really big dietary changes, for many reasons.(我认为这真的很强大，因为很多人出于很多原因，不想在饮食上做出很大的改变)”以及最后一段““But what people choose to eat daily is far from insignificant,” says Clark. “We don’t all have to become vegetarians overnight. Small changes can make a big difference.”(‘但是人们每天选择吃什么绝非无关紧要，’Clark说。‘我们不需要一夜之间都成为素食主义者。小的改变可以带来大的不同。’)”可知，Clark认为人们每天选择吃什么很重要，饮食方面小的改变可以产生大的影响。由此推知，Clark对小的饮食变化是支持的。故选C项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词dictate前文“Rather than(而不是)”以及后文“it’s much better to try to give choices(最好是试着给出选择)”可知，dictate how to do it和后文的give choice相对应；结合下文“This approach aims to inform people so that they can make choices that correspond with their needs and values instead of waiting for the authority’s rules and orders.(这种方法旨在告知人们，使他们能够做出符合自己需求和价值观的选择，而不是等待当局的规则和命令)”可推知，dictate how to do it表达的意思是“命令怎么做”，dictate是“命令”之意，和Command意思相近。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“There’s no substitute for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. If everyone on the planet ate vegetables, greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half; a planet of vegetarians would reduce food emissions by two thirds. If we stopped consuming conventional food and relied on a lab-grown nutritional food instead of soil or water-produced food, we could prevent about 1 degree centigrade of future warming, according to a recent paper that considered the unique thought experiment. (食物没有替代品，但改变我们的饮食是可能的。如果地球上的每个人都吃蔬菜，粮食系统的温室气体排放量可以减少一半以上；一个素食主义者的星球将减少三分之二的食物排放。根据最近的一篇论文，考虑到这个独特的思想实验，如果我们停止食用传统食品，依靠实验室种植的营养食品，而不是土壤或水生产的食品，我们可以防止未来约1摄氏度的变暖)”以及最后一段““But what people choose to eat daily is far from insignificant,” says Clark. “We don’t all have to become vegetarians overnight. Small changes can make a big difference.”(‘但是人们每天选择吃什么绝非无关紧要，’Clark说。‘我们不需要一夜之间都成为素食主义者。小的改变可以带来大的不同。’)”可知，本文介绍了饮食方面的小改变是如何造福地球的。由此可知，A选项“How small changes to our diets can benefit the planet (我们饮食的微小变化如何造福地球)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 A speech in a play by Shakespeare can be as short as a word or as long as several hundred. But what is the most common length? Staying away from Shakespeare himself for a moment, we can take Ben Jonson’s play Volpone (1606) and count the number of speeches and their lengths. The most common length is four words. The next most common length is five words. Of the other 16 Jonson’s plays, 12 also have a speech length mode (模式) of four. It was not just Jonson; it was everybody. After 1602, four-word speeches were the most common kind across all the early modern plays that survived. The London theatre industry took off in the late 1580s and early 1590s and we see a concentration of speech length modes of nine or ten. After 1602, the mode of four predominated. If we look just at Shakespeare’s plays, we find him doing what everyone else did: changing from favoring nine-word speeches to favouring four-word speeches around 1597-1602 and never going back. Our suggestion is that the playwrights (剧作家) learned progressively from one another how to represent more closely the speech lengths of everyday exchanges and found that audiences responded well to these. They started to focus less on strict writing rules and more on the liveliness of everyday speech. Another way to think of this is offered by the Russian literary scholar Boris Yarkho. He put forward an “index (指数) of liveliness” — the ratio of the number of speeches to the total number of lines in a play. He researched the works of the 17th-century French playwright Pierre Corneille and found that his comedies have a higher index because of their shorter speeches. The move from a mode of nine words to a mode of four represents the shortened average speech, and thus a move to livelier drama in Yarkho’s terms. Nevertheless, we have no record of any dramatist or playgoer reflecting on the shortening of average speech lengths; our only knowledge of it comes from counting the words in the plays for ourselves. 8. What happened in English plays around the 1600s? A. Their storylines were about famous writers. B. They were influenced by a poetic writing style. C. They featured different storytelling techniques. D. Their speeches were generally shorter in length. 9. What does the underlined word “predominated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Remained unique. B. Took the leading position. C. Disappeared slowly. D. Played an educational role. 10. Why did playwrights change their writing styles according to paragraph 4? A. To challenge traditional writing rules. B. To stand out by applying their unique style. C. To avoid being affected by social values. D. To create realistic and acceptable speeches. 11. Which of the following is Yarkho’s opinion on the change in plays? A. It saved actors the trouble of memorizing their lines. B. It reflected people's preference for serious dialogues. C. It helped present dramas in an active and pleasant way. D. It made the characters express their feelings effectively. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了17世纪后，大多数戏剧的话语长度转向四字模式，剧作家认为较短的戏剧话语能以一种积极愉快的方式呈现戏剧。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The London theatre industry took off in the late 1580s and early 1590s and we see a concentration of speech length modes of nine or ten.(伦敦戏剧产业在1580年代末和1590年代初开始发展，我们看到演讲长度模式集中在9词或10词)”及“If we look just at Shakespeare’s plays, we find him doing what everyone else did: changing from favoring nine-word speeches to favouring four-word speeches around 1597-1602 and never going back.(如果我们只看莎士比亚的戏剧，我们会发现他做的和其他人一样：在1597-1602年左右，他从喜欢9个词的演讲变成了喜欢4个词的演讲，并且再也没有回去过)”可知，16世纪末尾，话语长度多为9词，10词，17世纪后，话语长度转向4词，话语长度变短。故选D。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“If we look just at Shakespeare’s plays, we find him doing what everyone else did: changing from favoring nine-word speeches to favouring four-word speeches around 1597-1602 and never going back.(如果我们只看莎士比亚的戏剧，我们会发现他做的和其他人一样：在1597-1602年左右，他从喜欢9个词的演讲变成了喜欢4个词的演讲，并且再也没有回去过)”可知，划线词后以莎士比亚的戏剧为例，说明话语长度变短，并且再没有变长，推知，4词模式从此处于主流领导地位，划线词意思为：处于领先地位。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Our suggestion is that the playwrights(剧作家)learned progressively from one another how to represent more closely the speech lengths of everyday exchanges and found that audiences responded well to these. They started to focus less on strict writing rules and more on the liveliness of everyday speech.(我们的建议是，剧作家们逐渐从彼此学习如何更紧密地表达日常交流中的讲话长度，并发现观众对此反应良好。他们开始不那么关注严格的写作规则，而更多地关注日常讲话的生动活泼)”可知，剧作家写作时更加重视日常用语的生动性，因此，他们改变写作风格创造现实和可接受的演讲。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The move from a mode of nine words to a mode of four represents the shortened average speech, and thus a move to livelier drama in Yarkho’s terms.(从9个词的模式到4个词的模式代表了缩短的平均讲话，因此用Yarkho的话说，这是一种更生动的戏剧)”可知，Yarkho认为，将戏剧的词数变短，有助于以一种积极愉快的方式呈现戏剧。故选C。 Mars may seem like a dry, desolate place, but the red planet transforms into an otherworldly wonderland in winter, according to a new video shared by NASA. It’s late winter in Mars’ Northern Hemisphere, where the Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter are exploring an ancient river delta (三角洲) that once fed into Jezero Crater billions of years ago. As the planet’s main feature, dust drives Martian weather, but the planet is no stranger to snow, ice and frost. There are two types of snow on Mars. One is the kind we experience on Earth made of frozen water. The thin Martian air and sub-zero temperatures means that traditional snow changes from a solid directly to a gas, before touching the ground on Mars. The other type of Martian snow is carbon dioxide based, or dry ice, and it can land on the surface. A few feet of snow tends to fall on Mars in its flat regions near the poles. “Enough falls that you could snowshoe (穿雪鞋走路) across it.” said Sylvain Piqueux, a Mars scientist at NASA’S Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, in a statement. So far, no orbiters(轨道飞行器) or rovers have been able to see snow fall on the red planet because the weather phenomenon only occurs at the poles beneath cloud cover at night. The cameras on the orbiters can’t peer through the clouds, and no robotic explorers have been developed that could survive the freezing temperatures at the poles, which can be as low as minus 120 degrees Celsius. However, the Mars Climate Sounder instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter can detect light that’s invisible to the human eye. It has made detections of carbon dioxide snow falling at the Martian poles. The Phoenix lander, which arrived on Mars in 2008, also used one of its laser instruments to detect water-ice snow from its spot about 1,600 kilometers away from the Martian north pole. Thanks to photographers, we know snowflakes on Earth are unique and six sided. Beneath a microscope, Martian snowflakes would likely look a little different. “Because carbon dioxide ice has a symmetry (对称) of four, we know dry-ice snowflakes would be cube-shaped (立方体的), ” Piqueux said. “Thanks to the Mars Climate Sounder, we can tell these snowflakes would be smaller than the width of a human hair.” Ice and carbon dioxide-based frosts also form on Mars, and they can occur farther away from the poles. The Odyssey orbiter (which entered Mars orbit in 2001) has watched frost forming and turning to a gas in the sunlight, while the Viking landers spotted icy frost on Mars when they arrived in the 1970s. 12. What can we learn about the snow made of frozen water on Mars? A. It contains lots of dust. B. It makes the Martian air thick. C. It keeps its form stable while falling. D. It can hardly be seen on the Martian ground. 13. What makes it difficult for robotic explorers to see snow fall on Mars? A. The freezing temperature. B. The thickness of clouds. C. The changing weather pattern. D. The distance from the poles. 14. What can the Mars Climate Sounder tell us about dry-ice snowflakes? A. Their smell. B. Their size. C. Their speed. D. Their direction. 15. What is the best title of the text? A. It Seldom Snows on Mars B. It Is Much Colder on Mars C. The Beautiful Winter on Mars D. The Seasonal Changes on Mars 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星上雪的两种类型以及探测器观测雪所存在的挑战以及目前对于火星上雪花的一些了解情况。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One is the kind we experience on Earth made of frozen water. The thin Martian air and sub-zero temperatures means that traditional snow changes from a solid directly to a gas, before touching the ground on Mars.(一种是我们在地球上体验到由冰冻水构成的水。火星稀薄的空气和零下的温度意味着传统的雪在接触火星地面之前就会从固体直接变成气体)”可知，火星上由冰冻的水构成的雪在火星上几乎看不到。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The cameras on the orbiters can’t peer through the clouds, and no robotic explorers have been developed that could survive the freezing temperatures at the poles, which can be as low as minus 120 degrees Celsius.(轨道飞行器上的摄像头无法透过云层进行观察，而且目前还没有开发出能够在极地低温环境下生存的机器人探测器，那里的低温可低至零下120摄氏度)”可知，冰点温度让机器人探测器难以看到火星上的降雪。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thanks to the Mars Climate Sounder, we can tell these snowflakes would be smaller than the width of a human hair.(多亏了火星气候探测器，我们可以判断出这些雪花比人类头发的宽度还小)”可知，火星气候探测器能告诉我们关于干冰雪花的尺寸大小。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mars may seem like a dry, desolate place, but the red planet transforms into an otherworldly wonderland in winter, according to a new video shared by NASA.(火星可能看起来是一个干燥、荒凉的地方，但根据美国宇航局分享的一段新视频，这颗红色星球在冬天会变成一个超凡脱俗的仙境)”以及第三段“As the planet’s main feature, dust drives Martian weather, but the planet is no stranger to snow, ice and frost.(作为火星的主要特征，尘埃驱动着火星的天气，但这个星球对雪、冰和霜并不陌生)”结合文章主要介绍了火星上雪的两种类型以及探测器观测雪所存在的挑战以及目前对于火星上雪花的一些了解情况。可知，C选项“火星上美丽的冬天”最符合文章标题。故选C。 第II卷（非选择题） 二、完形填空 When I look back, I can’t help feeling grateful and blessed. Twelve years ago, I arrived alone in Central Florida from Puerto Rico. I had heard of a job opportunity and decided to ____16____ it. But it never became a ____17____. Once my limited ____18____ ran out, I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando. For the first time, I, who had lived a ____19____ life in a middle class family, understood the ____20____ someone feels when they don’t get enough to eat. I clearly remembered ____21____ a distance on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program before they ____22____ at 7 pm. ____23____, local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless, Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me ____24____ my painful experience. With the ____25____ of these programs, I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition and ____26____ two degrees from Valencia. My experience ____27____ me to the fact that help meant everything to people in need and inspired me to be ____28____ helping others. Today, I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversee the summer ____29____ programs. I am so proud to be able to ____30____ food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me. 16. A. depend on B. go for C. run after D. react to 17. A. dream B. threat C. reality D. puzzle 18. A. patience B. energy C. resources D. funds 19. A. busy B. painful C. comfortable D. stressful 20. A. disappointment B. anger C. loneliness D. despair 21. A. running B. measuring C. keeping D. walking 22. A. opened B. closed C. refused D. retired 23. A. Frankly B. Occasionally C. Gradually D. Fortunately 24. A. relate B. identify C. survive D. battle 25. A. assistance B. recognition C. benefit D. operation 26. A. rejected B. received C. found D. lost 27. A. awoke B. applied C. offered D. sent 28. A. impressed by B. concerned about C. devoted to D. attracted to 29. A. feeding B. school C. camp D. vacation 30. A. donate B. show C. award D. deliver 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文中作者讲述了自己从波多黎各来到美国后找不到工作成为了无家可归的流浪汉，后来在一些慈善机构的帮助下作者完成了学业，并且决定去帮助他人，把爱心传递下去。 【16题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我听说有个工作机会，于是决定去争取。A. depend on依靠；B. go for争取得到；C. run after追赶；D. react to对……有反应。根据前文“I arrived alone in Central Florida from Puerto Rico.”可知，作者独自一人从波多黎各来到佛罗里达中部，当有工作机会时，作者应是努力去争取。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它从未成为现实。A. dream梦；B. threat威胁；C. reality现实；D. puzzle疑问。根据后文“I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando”可知，作者无家可归，所以应是没有得到工作，没有成为现实。故选C项。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦我有限的资金用完，我就变得无家可归，在奥兰多的街道上住了一年半。A. patience耐心；B. energy能量；C. resources资源；D. funds资金。根据后文“I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando”可知，应是作者资金用完了，所以只能住在街道上。故选D项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我曾经在中产阶级家庭过着舒适的生活，这是我第一次理解人们在吃不饱饭时的绝望。A. busy忙碌的；B. painful痛苦的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. stressful压力大的。根据后文“in a middle class family”可知，作者曾经是中产阶级家庭，所以应是过着舒适的生活。故选C项。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾经在中产阶级家庭过着舒适的生活，这是我第一次理解人们在吃不饱饭时的绝望。A. disappointment失望；B. anger愤怒；C. loneliness孤独；D. despair绝望。根据后文“when they don’t get enough to eat.”可知，吃不饱饭时，应是绝望的。故选D项。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得，我曾多次跑一段距离，只是为了赶在晚上7点关门前赶到当地的一个供餐项目。A. running跑；B. measuring测量；C. keeping保持；D. walking步行。根据后文“to make it to a local feeding program before they 　　　　7　　　　 at 7 pm.”可知，作者需要在晚上7点之前赶到救济站，因此他需要快速到达，跑步是最合适的方式。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得，我曾多次跑一段距离，只是为了赶在晚上7点关门前赶到当地的一个供餐项目。A. opened打开；B. closed关门；C. refused拒绝；D. retired退休。根据前文“I clearly remembered 　　　　6　　　　 a distance on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program”可知，作者跑着去，应是为了在关门前赶到那。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，像无家可归者联盟、第二丰收食品银行和韦恩登施中心这样的当地项目帮助我度过了这段痛苦的经历。A. Frankly坦率地；B. Occasionally偶尔；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据后文“local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless, Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me 　　　　9　　　　 my painful experience”可知，在一些慈善机构的帮助下，作者度过了这段痛苦的经历，应是幸运地。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运是，像无家可归者联盟、第二丰收食品银行和韦恩登施中心这样的当地项目帮助我度过了这段痛苦的经历。A. relate联系；B. identify识别；C. survive艰难度过；D. battle斗争。根据后文“With the 　　　　10　　　　 of these programs, I was accepted by a college scholarship program”可知，在这些项目的帮助下，作者通过联盟获得了一个大学奖学金项目，所以是度过了这段痛苦的经历。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些项目的帮助下，我通过联盟获得了一个大学奖学金项目，并获得了瓦伦西亚大学的两个学位。A. assistance帮助；B. recognition识别；C. benefit利益；D. operation行动。根据前文“local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless, Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center helped me 　　　　9　　　　 my painful experience”可知，应是在这些项目的帮助下，作者通过联盟获得了一个大学奖学金项目。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这些项目的帮助下，我通过联盟获得了一个大学奖学金项目，并获得了瓦伦西亚大学的两个学位。A. rejected拒绝；B. received收到；C. found发现；D. lost损失。根据前文“I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition”可知，作者获得了一个大学奖学金项目，所以此处应是获得了瓦伦西亚大学的两个学位。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的经历让我意识到，对需要帮助的人来说，帮助意味着一切，并激励我致力于帮助他人。A. awoke唤起；B. applied申请；C. offered提供；D. sent发送。根据后文“the fact that help meant everything to people in need”可知，作者的亲身经历让他意识到帮助对于需要帮助的人来说至关重要，这让他意识到这一点，可以说这个经历唤醒了他对于这个问题的认识。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的经历让我意识到，对需要帮助的人来说，帮助意味着一切，并激励我致力于帮助他人。A. impressed by留下深刻印象；B. concerned about关心；C. devoted to致力于；D. attracted to被……吸引。根据后文“I am so proud to be able to 　　　　15　　　　 food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.”可知，作者应是致力于帮助他人。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，我被聘为第二丰收食品银行的儿童饥饿项目经理，负责监督夏季喂养项目。A. feeding喂食；B. school学校；C. camp营地；D. vacation假期。根据后文“I am so proud to be able to 　　　　15　　　　 food resources to those in need and help hundreds more like me.”可知，作者提供食物资源，所以应是喂养项目。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很自豪能够为那些需要帮助的人提供食物资源，并帮助更多像我一样的人。A. donate捐赠；B. show显示；C. award授予；D. deliver递送。根据前文“I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank and oversee the summer 　　　　14　　　　 programs.”可知，作者负责监督夏季喂养项目，所以应是为那些需要帮助的人提供食物资源。故选D项。 三、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Signs You Are Eating Pre-Made Food at a Restaurant Even at fine dining restaurants, serving pre-made food is a common practice most regular customers are not aware of. So how can you know for sure your food was made ____31____ you ever sat down at your table? Here’s how to tell if the food you’re eating is fresh. You may be excited to see your waitress approaching with your food not long after you order it, but the biggest sign ____32____ you’re dinning at a restaurant serving pre-made food is how quickly your food arrives at the table. A freshly prepared meal that’s made for people ____33____(order) takes time. What doesn’t take much time is reheating pre-made food, ____34____ is often done at fast-food restaurants. An extensive menu means the chef ____35____ have all those ingredients on-hand, which makes it difficult to guarantee freshness along with timeliness. To solve this problem, chefs often use pre-made food. That can range from already packaged products ____36____ preparing the meals in advance, but either way, they’re getting a head start, and the quality of your meal may suffer from ____37____. Often enough, the establishment you ____38____(dine) at is the first indicator that your meal is pre-made. Choosing a chain restaurant for your dining destination may seem like a safe choice, for you know what’s on the menu and you know ____39____ it’s going to taste like, no matter what city you’re in. Say you’re at a restaurant and you order a steak. You wait in anticipation, watering at the thought of ____40____(slice) into a juicy steak. Your order arrives, and it looks just like you imagined it would, except for the taste. That’s probably because your steak hit the microwave before it hit your plate! 【答案】31. before 32. that 33. to order 34. as##like 35. must 36. to 37. it 38. are dining 39. what 40. slicing 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述如何辨别在餐厅吃的食物是预制食品。 【31题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：所以你怎么能确定你的食物是在你坐在餐桌前做的呢？根据上文“Even at fine dining restaurants, serving pre-made food is a common practice most regular customers are not aware of.(即使在高级餐厅，供应预制食品也是大多数常客都不知道的一种常见做法)”可知，供应预制食品是很多餐厅的常见做法，故此处是问如何确定自己的食物是预制食品，即食物在你坐下来之前就已经做好了，用before引导时间状语从句，故填before。 【32题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：你可能会很兴奋地看到服务员在你点完菜后不久就拿着你的食物过来，但是你在一家供应预制食物的餐馆用餐的最大标志是你的食物上桌的速度。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词sign的内容，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故填that。 【33题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一顿给人新鲜烹制的点餐需要时间。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to order。 【34题详解】 考查定语从句和连词。句意：不需要花太多时间的是加热预先做好的食物，就像快餐店经常做的那样。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是reheating pre-made food，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，有“正如，如同”之意，用关系代词as引导；此处也可使用连词like，表示“像……一样，如同”，故填as/like。 【35题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：一份丰富的菜单意味着厨师必须手头上有所有的食材，这就很难保证新鲜和及时性。结合句意可知，此处指“厨师必须手头上有所有的食材”，使用情态动词must，故填must。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：这可以是已经包装好的产品，也可以是提前准备好的饭菜，但无论哪种方式，他们都有了一个领先优势，你的食物质量可能会受到它的影响。range from…to…“从……到……变化”，固定搭配，故填to。 【37题详解】 考查代词。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处指代前文“a head start”，表示单数意义，使用代词it指代，故填it。 【38题详解】 考查现在进行时。句意：通常情况下，你就餐的场所是你的饭菜是预先做好的第一个标志。此处是省略关系代词的定语从句，表示“你正在用餐的场所”，从句使用现在进行时，主语是you，故填are dining。 【39题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：选择一家连锁餐厅就餐似乎是一个安全的选择，因为无论你在哪个城市，你都知道菜单上有什么，也知道它的味道。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，表示“它的味道是什么”，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：你满怀期待地等待着，一想到要切成一块多汁的牛排就热泪盈眶。空处作介词of的宾语，slice应用动名词形式，故填slicing。 四、书信写作 41. 人类在太空探索领域取得了重大突破，但有人却对进行太空探索表示质疑。请你就此话题写一篇英语短文，阐述你对太空探索的看法。内容包括：1.人们对太空探索表示质疑的原因；2.你的观点及理由。 注意：写作词数应80左右； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Is exploring space a waste of time and money? Some people have expressed doubts about space exploration. They argue that we should find solutions to other more practical problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases, instead of exploring space. As far as I’m concerned, despite the huge risk and tremendous cost, the desire to explore the universe never dies due to the fact that space exploration has already made a huge difference to our world. Firstly, space exploration can increase our knowledge and drive innovation in numerous fields, such as farming techniques, food production and the creation of new medicines, which may help to improve our life. Additionally, humans are currently restricted to a single planet and should something happen that changes the environment of the planet, the entire human race would be in danger of being wiping out. Thus, space exploration provides us with hope for the future. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书名表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇是否应该进行太空探索的英文短文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 谜团：doubts→puzzles 尽管：despite→ in spite of 巨大的：tremendous→enormous 此外：Additionally→Furthermore 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：Additionally, humans are currently restricted to a single planet and should something happen that changes the environment of the planet, the entire human race would be in danger of being wiping out. 同义句：Furthermore, humans are presently confined to one planet, and any alteration to its environment could pose an existential threat to the entire human race. 【点睛】【高分句型1】They argue that we should find solutions to other more practical problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases, instead of exploring space. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Firstly, space exploration can increase our knowledge and drive innovation in numerous fields, such as farming techniques, food production and the creation of new medicines, which may help to improve our life. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 五、读后续写 42. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The only real job I’d ever had was as manager of a local cafe. That was a rich experience but I will never forget one thing. Our family has a tradition of running cafes. When I was a kid, I had the dream of running a coffee shop independently. The third year after I graduated from college, the opportunity came. My father took over a café shop in the central city, far from home. Maybe there was no suitable person to manage. My father did offer me full responsibility from decoration to business. Winter coming after fall, I was busy, painful and happy. So tired as I was, I bothered myself to open up my café shop on the freezing morning. With many customers streaming in, I knew another long business day began. And I had to serve far into the night. As I rushed among the tables, suddenly, a voice asked if I could mind a child. I was quite angry but I could tell the man was quite desperate (绝望的). So I had to make a deal with him that if he wanted his son to stay and wait for him, he had to buy something in the shop. This was quite hard for the man to do. I could tell he was quite poor by the way he was dressed. It looked as if he had tried to come in his best clothes. But they still looked a bit old and worn out as if he had often worn them, just to make himself look best. Looking down I could see his shoes were also a bit torn and the heels (鞋后跟) were in a terrible state. I thought he was going for a job interview. In the end he bought a small box of cookies for his little son and seated him down in the corner. I could tell the boy was feeling down and only could do with a bit of cheering up. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Seeing that the kid sat there, I was a bit worried. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At closing time, the only person left was the little boy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Seeing that the kid sat there, I was a bit worried. Probably because he seldom went out, the boy sat on a seat in the corner nervously, looking down at the cookie on the table. Whenever someone came in at the door, he looked anxiously, hoping it was his father. I tried to chat with him several times, but he didn’t say a word. Finally, he even ignored me. The regular customers who came and went looked at this strange little customer. Several children wanted to play with him, but he also firmly refused. I was hoping his father would hurry up. At closing time, the only person left was the little boy. After a while, the father finally came in with a tiresome look. I guessed he didn’t get any job. As they were leaving, I offered the kid a little cake. He didn’t eat the cake until his father nodded. I saw tears welling up in the father’s eyes and somewhere in my heart became soft. You never knew how your little act of kindness might find its way into someone else’s heart. I thought I had found a better way to run a cafe. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者作为一家咖啡馆的经理的经历。有一天，一个穷困的父亲可能要去面试工作，把他的儿子托付在咖啡馆，深夜时父亲才带着疲惫的表情来接孩子，离开时，作者给了孩子一个小蛋糕。父亲眼中泛起泪水。作者认为善良的举动可能会触动他人的心灵，这让他找到了经营咖啡馆的更好方式。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“看到那孩子坐在那儿，我有点担心。”可知，第一段可描写作者观察到的孩子局促焦急的状态，作者希望孩子的父亲快点回来接孩子。 ②由第二段首句内容“关门的时候，只剩下那个小男孩了。”可知，第二段可描写孩子父亲回来接孩子，作者给了孩子一块蛋糕，小善举感动了孩子父亲，作者也因此找到了更好的经营咖啡馆的方法。 2.续写线索：我的担心——孩子焦急等待父亲——我的希望——孩子父亲回来——善意感动孩子父亲——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①不理睬：ignore / pay no attention to ②.努力做：try to do / endeavor to do ③.进来：come in / enter 情绪类 ①.不安地：nervously / restlessly ②.令人厌烦的：tiresome / boring 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Whenever someone came in at the door, he looked anxiously, hoping it was his father.（由连词whenever引导的时间状语从句，现在分词作状语，省略连接词that的宾语从句） [高分句型2]. You never knew how your little act of kindness might find its way into someone else’s heart. （由连接词how引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$