2024年中考英语复习时态讲义

2024-09-17
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动词的时态 8种时态形式(以do为例) 一般现在时 be (am/is/are)/do/does I do homework every day. 一般过去时 was/were/did I did homework yesterday. 一般将来时 be (am/is/are) going to do will/shall do I will do homework this evening 过去将来时 was/were going to do would/should do I said that I would go the next day. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing Tim is doing homework now. 过去进行时 was/were doing I was doing homework at 10:00 last night. 过去完成时 had done He had left when I arrived. 现在完成时 has/have done I have just finished my work 动词的基本形式 原形 一般现在时第三人称单数 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 work works worked worked working study studies studied studied studying stop stops stopped stopped stopping play Plays played played playing 动词第三人称单数形式构成 构成法 例词 大多数动词在词尼直接加s rend→reads look→looks 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要先将y变为i,再加es carry→carries study→studies 以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尼加“es” teach-teaches watch-watches 特殊 go-goes do-does have-has 过去式和过去分词规则构成 构成法 例词 一般在动词后加-od work-worked-worked 以e结尾的词加-d live-lived-lived 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为1,再加-ed study-studied-studied 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接加-ed play-played-played 以重读闭音节或音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed stop-stopped-stopped prefer-preferred-preferred 现在分词和动名词的构成 构成法 例词 一般在动词原形后加-ing work-working study-studying 以不发音e结尾的词去e后加-ing live-living 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing stop-stopping plan-planning cut-cutting hit-hitting 一般现在时 1.概念:表示经常或习惯发生的情况;有规律出现的情况:事实真理。 2.时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month...),once a week(day,year,month...).on Sundays (Mondays...).etc. 3.基本结构:主语+be动词/动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词要改为第三人称单数形式)+其他 4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他 主语+don’t/ doesn’t+动词原形+其他。 5.一般疑问句:Am/ls/Are+主语+其他 Does/Do+主语+动词原形+其他。 eg:(1)Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 (2) This pub doesn’t provide lunches.这家酒馆不供应午餐。 (3)Is your jacket real leather? 你的夹克是真皮的吗? 一般过去时 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago,once upon a time, once, the day before. etc. 3.基本结构:主语+动词的过去式或be动词的过去式+其他 4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+其他 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他 5.一般疑问句:Was/were+主语+其他 Did+主语+动词原形+其他 eg:(1)She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。 (2) I didn’t know you were so busy.我不知道你这么忙。 一般将来时 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:tomorrow,tomorrow night, next day (Friday, week,month,term, year--),soon,in a few minutes (in+一段时间), the day after tomorrow, soon. etc. 3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to+do+其他 主语+will/shall+do+其他 4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are not going to+do; 主语+will/shall not do+其他 5.一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+do Will/Shall+主语+do+其他 eg:(1)They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。 (2)I will not catch fish in this pond tomorrow.我明天不会在这个池塘里抓鱼。 (4)Will you join us later?你一会儿会加入我们吗? 过去将来时 1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:The next day (morning,year-),the following month(week-),etc. 3.基本结构:主语+was/were going to+do+其他; 主语+would/should+do+其他 4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+going to+do+其他; 主语+would/should+not+do+其他 5.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+going to+do+其他 Would/Should+主语+do+其他 eg:(1)He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。 (2)He said he would not go to the party the next day.他说他第二天不去参加聚会了。 现在进行时 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:Now,at this time,these days,at the moment, look,listen,It’s…now etc. 3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+doing+其他 4. 否定形式:主语+am/is/are + not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句::Am/Is/Are+主语+doing+其他 eg:(1)Tom Is writing a novel these days.汤姆这些天在写一本小说。 (2) Tom is not writing his novel now.汤姆现在没写小说. (3)Are you feeling good today?你今天感觉好吗? 过去进行时 1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语:at that time, at 10 o’clock tomorrow 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语从句等。 3.基本结构:主语+was/were+doing+其他 4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+doing+其他 5.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+doing+其他 eg:(1)When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。 (2) At that time she was not working in this company.那段时间她不是在这家公司工作。 (3)Was she working in this company at that time.那段时间她是在这家公司工作吗? 现在完成时 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently,Iately,in the past few years,etc. 3.基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 4.否定形式:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 5.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 eg:(1)I've read so many books since last year.自从去年以来我读了很多书。 (2)The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年,这个农村没发生什么变化。 (3)Has he worked here since he came here? 自从他来这就一直在这工作么? 过去完成时 1.概念:过去发生或者已经完成的动作对过去造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:before+过去时间点,by+过去时间点,by the end of last year (term,month), by last year. etc. 3.基本结构:主语+had+done+其他 4.否定形式:主语+had+not+done+其他 5.一般疑问句:Had+主语+done+其他 6.用法: (1)过去完成时用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中She said(that)she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她从来没有去过巴黎。 (2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 5 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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