Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册

2024-09-17
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Welcome Unit 必修一 语法 2024 目录 CONTENTS 01 句子成分 02 句式类型 03 短语类型 句子成分 01 主语(Subject) During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak Chinese in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are boys.(数词) To swim in the sea is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an math test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a skill.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 谓语(Predicate) 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如:He practices jumping every morning. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如:You may keep the book for four weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。 如:We are teachers. 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。 表语(Predicative) 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 系动词分类: 1、be动词 (am is are、was were) 2、感官动词:smell、taste、sound、look、feel 3、变化:become、turn、get、grow、go、come、fall 4、保持:keep、remain、stay、stand、lie 5、表象:appear、seem、look 6、证明:turn out、prove Our teacher of math is an American.(名词) Is it ours?(代词) The weather has turned hot.(形容词) The book is exciting.(分词) Four times seven is twenty eight?(数词) His job is to teach Chinese.(不定式) 宾语(Object) 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 They went to see an house yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented them from coming to school on time.(代词) We take care of him. 宾语种类: (1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your money, please. (2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected Tom their monitor. 宾语补足语(Complement) 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make/find/等+宾语+宾补)。 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 His mother named him Dongming.(名词) They painted their boat blue.(形容词) Let the fresh air in.(副词) You mustn’t force him to lend his book to you.(不定式短语) We saw him entering the room.(现在分词) 定语(Attribute) 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: Wuhang is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country; France is a developed country.(分词) There are 20 women teachers is our school.(名词) Her rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Wang is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) 状语(Adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived in the city for five years.(介词短语) He is in the living room making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait a minute.(名词) 状语种类:时间状语) 原因状语) 条件状语) 地点状语) 方式状语) 伴随状语) 目的状语) 结果状语)让步状语) 比较状语) 同位语(Appositives) 同位语是在名词或代词之后并对前者加以说明的成分。 We students should study hard. (students 是We的同位语) The young man, my brother, works in the office.(my brother 是The young man的同位语) Practice 选出下列句子中画线部分的成分 ( D ) 1. My brother is a policeman. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾补 D.表语 ( B ) 2.Were you at home last night? A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语 ( A ) 3.Winter is the coldest season of the year. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语 ( B ) 4.He often walks in the park. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语 ( D ) 10.We made him our monitor. A.宾语 B.定语 C.状语 D.宾补 句子类型 02 简单句 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。 1.主语+连系动词+表语 (S+ Link-V+P)/(S+V+P)/(S+P) 2.主语+不及物动词 (S+Vi.) 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+Vt.+O) 4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt.+IO+DO) 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+Vt.+O+C) Practice ( ) 1. A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P ( ) 2. What he said proves to be true. A. S+V+O+OC B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P there be 句型 在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如 arrive, come, goexist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand 等。(就远原则) 1. There is a dictionary on the desk. 2. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom. 3. There will be a sports meet next week. 4. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street. 短语类型 03 一、名词短语/NP 名词短语是以一个名词为中心构成的短语,语法功能相当于名词。它由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成。名词短语比起单个名词表述得更加具体、形象。 1.常见的名词短语 (1)冠词+形容词+名词 an exciting experience 一次激动人心的经历 a long history 一段悠久的历史 (2)冠词+名词+介词+名词 a piece of bread 一块面包 a cup of water 一杯水 (3)名词所有格+名词 John's book 约翰的书 today's newspaper 今天的报纸 (4)名词 +to/with/for介词短语 the way to success 成功之道 books for children 儿童读物 (5)名词作定语的名词短语 railway station 火车站 shoe factory 鞋厂 二、形容词短语/AdjP 形容词短语是由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。 1. 常见的形容词短语 (1)两个或多个形容词可以由and,but等连词连接,构成形容词短语。 safe and sound 安然无恙 young but clever 年纪小但聪明 (2)very等程度副词作修饰语时,可与形容词构成形容词短语,以加深形容词的程度。 very cold 非常冷 awfully dirty 极其脏 old enough 足够年龄 extremely lazy 极其懒惰 三、副词短语/AdvP 副词短语是由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。 1. 常见的副词短语 (1) 两个或多个副词可以由and,but等连词连接,构成副词短语。 again and again 一遍又一遍 quickly and correctly 快速且准确 (2) very等程度副词作修饰语时,可与其他副词构成副词短语。 extremely fast 快极了 much quicker 快得多 clearly enough 足够清楚 Thank you. 谢谢观看,好好学习。 2024 $$

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Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
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Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
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Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
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Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
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Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
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Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
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