Unit 1 People of Achievement Discover Useful Structures 非限制性定语从句课件-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Learning about language Unit 1 The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性和非限制性定语从句 unit 1 Teaching objectives （学习目标） 理解且掌握非限制性定语从句的概念 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语的区别 which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 Leading in 根据英文猜歌词 1.There is a pretty girl whose name is Xiaowei. 2.That's the day when you come in the quiet summer. 3.Love is a wonder which takes my breath away. 4.There is never a wound that cannot be cured. 有一个美丽的小女孩，她的名字叫小薇--黄品源«小薇» 那是个宁静的夏天，你来到宁夏的那一天--梁静茹«宁夏» 爱是个奇迹，会让人突然不能呼吸--蔡依林«爱情三十六计» 从来没有治不好的伤--谢霆锋«黄种人» 一、什么是定语从句？ 1.以句子的形式起修饰一个词或句子的形容词的作用 2. 是名词的一种后置修饰成分 作用相当于一个形容词 4 复习定从概念 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。 He is an English teacher who likes singing songs. 定语从句 先行词 关系代词 The man who is riding a horse is Tang Monk. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 who 关系代词 关系副词 that which who whom whose as where when why 关系词的作用： ① 引导作用(引导定语从句) ② 替代作用(替代先行词) ③ 在定语从句中担当成分 定语从句的引导词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 who (主语, 宾语) whom (宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语) as (主语, 宾语, 表语) which (主语, 宾语) that (主语, 宾语) whose (定语) as (主语, 宾语, 表语) where (地点状语) when ( 时间状语) why (原因状语) 定语从句缺主语／宾语／表语吗？ 选关系代词 具体选谁，看先行词 选关系副词 具体选谁，看先行词 人用who that whom 非人that which 限定名词whose 时间 when 原因why 地点 where 缺 不缺 注意：why 不用于非限定性定语从句，非限定从中 why for which 注意：that 不用于非限定性定语从句 8 The classification of Attributive Clause The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句 1. I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday. 2. I'll always remember the river where we learned to swim. 3. Do you know the reason why the sky is blue? 4. She's the person whose daughter goes to Harvard. which guy? which river? the reason for what? which person? 限制性定语从句 若去掉，句子含义不明确 无逗号与主句隔开 从句起限定作用，缩小范围 1.理解且掌握非限制性定语从句的概念 1. Paris, where I spent six months studying, is the most beautiful city in the world. 2. The woman down the street, whose children are the same age as yours, invited us over for dinner next week. 3. The movie, which is my favorite comedy of all time, is being shown on TV tomorrow night. 3. 有逗号与主句隔开 1. 若去掉，不影响句子含义 非限制性定语从句 2. 从句为附加说明 1）.先行词不同 限制性定从的先行词是______________或________； 非限制性定从的先行词是_____________或___________。 The man who wears a blue shirt is a doctor. There is always someone who you can turn to. We’ll graduate in July, when we will be free. He often comes to class late, which makes his teacher angry. 单个的名词 代词 单个的名词 整个句子 The car, which I bought last year, does not work. The car, I bought last year, does not work. The car I bought last year does not work. The car which/that I bought last year does not work. 2). 先行词的省略不同 限制性定从中，关系词作宾语,_________。 非限制性定从中，关系词作宾语,_________。 True or False? 可省略 不可省略 若去掉从句不影响句子含义，只是起补充说明的作用。往往用逗号分开, 不用that引导. 先行词唯一 非限制性定语从句 指人 指物 在非限制性定语从句中的作用 who whom which as Whose=of which/whom √ 主语 √ 宾语(不可省略) 指代整个主句 √ 主语 宾语(不可省略) √ √ 定语 3.非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 归纳3：①that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 ②关系代词 who 在非限制性定语从句中只能做主语，不能替代whom做宾语。 1. 关系代词------非限制性定语从句 主语、宾语、表语 2. 关系副词-----非限制性定语从句 (1) 关系副词 when 在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语, 指 代主句中表示________的词语。 (2)关系副词 where 在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语, 指代 主句中表示________的词语。 (3) when / where 有时可以换成“介词十 which”。 (4)不能用why 引导非限制性定语从句,要用 ___________ 代替。 时间 地点 for which 3. 非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 1. who , whom , which, as, whose 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)关系代词 who , whom 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰____。 关系代词________在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语; _______ 作宾语;介词后用 _________ 。 (2) 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰_____，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 (3)as指代_______________，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 (4)whose 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是________，也可以是____，在从句中作定语。 人 who whom whom 物 整个句子的内容 人 物 Practice 1. Water, ______is a clear liquid, has many uses. 2. Mr. Zhang, _____ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. 3. Peter, ________ you met in London, is now back in Paris. 4. The books on the desk, _______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. which who who/whom whose Aspect Restrictive Relative Clause Non-restrictive Relative Clause 形式上 主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿。 与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 功能上 用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。 用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 翻译上 翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前 按句子顺序，翻译成两个简单句 先行词 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子 引导词 做宾语可以省略 不能使用that，why。 归纳 ：限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 as、which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 (1)在引导非限制性定语从句时，as常译为“正如”；which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句时,which 常译为“这，那”。 (2) as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后,而 which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于主句之前。 (3) which 在定语从句中可以作定语或介词的宾语，而as不能。 20 【即学即练】判断下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，哪些是非限制性定语从句 ①People who take physical exercise live longer. ②His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. ③Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. ④He changed his mind, which made me very angry. ⑤Taobao is a website where you can buy what you want at a good price. 限制性定语从句是_____________句， 非限制性定语从句是___________________句。 ① ⑤ ② ③ ④ 3. when , where 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1) 关系副词 when 在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语, 指 代主句中表示________的词语。 (2)关系副词 where 在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语, 指代 主句中表示________的词语。 (3) when / where 有时可以换成“介词十 which”。 (4)不能用why 引导非限制性定语从句,要用 ___________ 代替。 时间 地点 for which 2. as 和 which的选择 Aspect as which 位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 放在先行词后，不可置于句首 先行词 先行词通常是整个句子 先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个句子 翻译 正如，就像 这……. As everyone knows, China is the largest developing country in the world. 2. He forgot to bring his pen with him yesterday, as we expected. 3. He said that he had never seen him before, which was obviously not true. 4. He changed his mind, which made me quite angry. as引导非限制性定语从句，译为“ ”。 常置于 ，也可置于句中。 正如，就像 句首 which引导非限制性定语从句，常指代前面整个句子， 只能放在先行词 翻译成 。 这 翻译句子 比较as/which引导非限制性定语从句的用法 正如每个人都知道的，中国是最大的发展中国家。 他昨天忘带笔了，正如我们预料的那样。 他说他以前没有见过他，这明显不是真的 他改变了主意，这让我很生气。 后 as 常见搭配 固定结构 as is known to all； as you know as is expected as we expected as has been mentioned above as is reported / said as a famous saying goes as is pointed out as you can see = as can be seen as is often the case 众所周知 正如你所知道的那样 正如所预料的那样 正如我们所期待的 正如上面所提到的 正如报道/所说的那样 正如一句谚语所说/俗话说 正如指出的 正如你所看见的 情况通常如此 4. 介词+关系代词的用法 1) whom指人， which指物 1. He worked in a car factory for four years, after which he founded his own company in his hometown. 2. We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work. 2) 名词/数词/代词 + of + whom 名词/数词/代词 + of + which 若用定语从句表示“所属”关系， 先行词指人时，用“名词/数词/代词 + of + whom”结构； 先行词指物时，用“名词/数词/代词 + of + which”结构。 She gave me two books, both of ______ I didn’t like. Her sons, both of _______ work abroad, ring her up every week. which whom Test for goals 一、单项选择。 She was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _____ made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. this D. what 2. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 3. If a shop has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 4. The old man has two sons, _______ is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them 5. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers, _____ has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which 6. My home village is no longer the same _____ it used to be. A. which B. as C. where D. when 7. I’m going to spend my holiday in Beijing, _____ my parents live. A. which B. that C. where D. there 4. Practice Finish the sentences. Einstein, _______________ (他是犹太人), found the doors academic institution closed to him. That same year, __________________________________ _________ (这后来被记录为在科学史上神奇的一年), he published four extraordinary physics papers. Later, the medicine was tested malaria, _________________________ (他们中大部分都康复了). The poem was written by the Indian poet Tagore, ___________ ______________________________________ (他是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人). who was Jewish which was later recorded as a miracle year most of whom recovered who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in science 30 Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clause. How do the sentences flow differently? 1 We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2 Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. 3 There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. Byebye $$