2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习培优外刊阅读学案：传奇外交家基辛格去世

高三英语培优外刊阅读 班级：____________学号：____________姓名：____________ 外刊精选｜传奇外交家基辛格去世，如何理解他的“现实主义”？ 当地时间11月29日，美国前国务卿亨利·基辛格在其位于康涅狄格州的家中去世，享年100岁。基辛格是著名外交家和国际关系学者，也是“中国人民的老朋友”。他推崇务实和现实主义的哲学思想，不仅影响了美国外交政策，也对大国关系和世界秩序的塑造发挥了重要作用。基辛格的一生充满智慧和成就，同时也不乏争议，基辛格为中美关系做了些什么？该如何理解他的“现实主义”思想？ Henry Kissinger, Who Helped Forge U.S. Foreign Policy During Vietnam and Cold Wars, Dies at 100 By Alan CullisonFollow Former presidential adviser Henry Kissinger has died bringing to a close one of the most polarizing and influential diplomatic lives in U.S. history. The German-born academic was the only American official ever to concurrently serve as secretary of state and White House national security adviser, giving him immense power during the Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford presidencies. That helped him end the U.S. war in Vietnam and to shape American foreign policy toward the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War. "Henry Kissinger ... literally wrote the book on diplomacy," John Kerry, who was then secretary of state, said at a ceremony in 2014. Kissinger "gave us the vocabulary of modern diplomacy, the very words 'shuttle diplomacy' and 'strategic patience.'" Among his lasting achievements was overseeing the Nixon administration's clandestine outreach in the early 1970s to the People's Republic of China, resulting in the restoration of full diplomatic relations between Washington and Beijing. A onetime Harvard University professor, Kissinger earned as many critics as admirers during his academic, diplomatic and business careers. Kissinger was the practitioner of a form of international statecraft called realpolitik, which placed the pursuit of global stability above lofty ideological goals. He told The Wall Street Journal last year that the U.S. needs to refrain from being heedlessly adversarial toward Beijing and pursue dialogue instead. 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.forge英 [fɔːdʒ] 美 [fɔːrdʒ] v. _________________________________ 2.concurrently英 [kənˈkʌrntli] 美 [kənˈkɜrːntli] adv. _________________________________ 3.immense英 [ɪˈmens] 美 [ɪˈmens] adj. _________________________________ 4.oversee英 [ˌəʊvəˈsiː] 美 [ˌoʊvərˈsiː] v. _________________________________ 5.clandestine英 [klænˈdestɪn] 美 [klænˈdestɪn] adj. _________________________________ 6.outreach英 [ˈaʊtriːtʃ] 美 [ˈaʊtriːtʃ] n_________________________________ 7.diplomatic英 [ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk] 美 [ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk] adj. _________________________________ 8.onetime英 [ˈwʌntaɪm] 美 [ˈwʌntaɪm] adj. _________________________________ 9.statecraft英 [ˈsteɪtkrɑːft] 美 [ˈsteɪtkræft] n. _________________________________ 10.realpolitik英 [reɪˈɑːlˌpɒlɪtiːk] 美 [reɪˈɑːlˌpoʊlɪtiːk] n. __________________ 11.heedlessly英 [ˈhiːdləsli] 美 [ˈhiːdləsli] adv. _________________________________ 12.adversarial英 [ˌædvəˈseəriəl] 美 [ˌædvərˈseriəl] adj. ______________________________ 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1._________________________________越南战争和冷战 2._________________________________总统顾问 3._________________________________结束，走到终点 4_________________________________穿梭外交 5._________________________________往返运输 6._________________________________ 班车 7._________________________________航天飞机 8._________________________________战略定力 9._________________________________一系列成就中最卓越的一项是...... 10._________________________________外交辞令 11._________________________________誉满天下和谤满天下 12._________________________________离岸平衡手 13._________________________________（通过自我克制）避免（某种有害行为） 拓展练习阅读理解 Forests have been embraced as a natural climate solution, due to their ability to soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow, locking it up in their trunks, branches, leaves, and roots. But a new study confirms widespread doubts about the potential for most forests in the Western US to help control climate change. Published in Earth’s Future, the paper analyzed trends in carbon storage across the American West from 2005 to 2019. Led by Jazlynn Hall, a forest and landscape ecologist at Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, the team found that throughout most of the region, climate change and fires may be causing forests to store less carbon, not more. “There’s a growing trend to use forests as natural climate solutions,” said Hall. “Many climate mitigation (减轻) pathways rely in part on additional forest carbon storage to keep warming below 1.5℃ this century. We wanted to provide a baseline for how much carbon is currently stored in Western forests, how it’s changing, and how disturbances like fire and drought pose a threat to climate mitigation targets.” The authors warn that many Western forests could see a rapid acceleration of carbon loss in the coming years or decades. “These challenges have the potential to compromise carbon storage capacity and weaken our ability to mitigate climate change, Hah cautions. By providing a fire-new view of threats at landscape and regional levels, Hall and colleagues provide a framework (框架) that could help forest managers adapt site-specific strategies to strengthen forest resilience (复原力). They also identify the remaining areas with the lowest risk and highest potential to store carbon, such as the Pacific Northwest. “Our study develops new methods to carefully estimate forest-carbon storage at a regional level, track it over time, and find out the causes of changes over time,” said Hall. He expects the methods will be useful in monitoring carbon storage levels going forward, as well as assessing the carbon impacts of management efforts such as forest thinning and planned burning. 21．What does the underlined phrase “soak up” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Put down. B．Take in. C．Bring up. D．Give out. 22．Why was the study conducted? A．To find the best forests for carbon storage. B．To promote forests’ carbon storage capacity. C．To assess the current situation of forests. D．To measure the carbon released into forests. 23．What can we say about the future trend of Western forests? A．Carbon loss will speed up. B．They will become more resilient. C．They will store more carbon. D．They will have no impact on climate. 24．What is the primary function of Hall’s framework for forest management? A．Predicting future forest growth rates. B．Identifying high- risk areas for protection. C．Mapping all the forests in the Western US. D．Helping managers adapt strategies to forests. 外刊精选答案 【词汇过关】 请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。 1.forge英 [fɔːdʒ] 美 [fɔːrdʒ] v. 打造，促成；塑造，锻造 2.concurrently英 [kənˈkʌrntli] 美 [kənˈkɜrːntli] adv. 同时，并行地 3.immense英 [ɪˈmens] 美 [ɪˈmens] adj. 极大的 4.oversee英 [ˌəʊvəˈsiː] 美 [ˌoʊvərˈsiː] v. 监督；管理 5.clandestine英 [klænˈdestɪn] 美 [klænˈdestɪn] adj. 秘密的，隐蔽的 6.outreach英 [ˈaʊtriːtʃ] 美 [ˈaʊtriːtʃ] n.主动接触 7.diplomatic英 [ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk] 美 [ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk] adj. 外交上的 8.onetime英 [ˈwʌntaɪm] 美 [ˈwʌntaɪm] adj. 从前的 9.statecraft英 [ˈsteɪtkrɑːft] 美 [ˈsteɪtkræft] n. 治国之术 10.realpolitik英 [reɪˈɑːlˌpɒlɪtiːk] 美 [reɪˈɑːlˌpoʊlɪtiːk] n. 现实政治 11.heedlessly英 [ˈhiːdləsli] 美 [ˈhiːdləsli] adv. 缺乏考虑地，不顾后果地 12.adversarial英 [ˌædvəˈseəriəl] 美 [ˌædvərˈseriəl] adj. 对抗性的 【词块学习】 请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。 1.Vietnam and Cold Wars越南战争和冷战 2.presidential adviser总统顾问 3.bring something to a close结束，走到终点 4.shuttle diplomacy穿梭外交 5.shuttle 往返运输 6.shuttle bus 班车 7.space shuttle 航天飞机 8.strategic patience战略定力 9.among one's lasting achievements is ...一系列成就中最卓越的一项是...... 10.diplomatic language 外交辞令 11.as many critics as admirers誉满天下和谤满天下 12.offshore balancing 离岸平衡手 13.refrain from（通过自我克制）避免（某种有害行为） 【全文翻译】 在越南战争和冷战期间，曾塑造了美国外交政策的亨利·基辛格去世，享年100岁 美国前总统顾问亨利·基辛格去世，结束了美国历史上一段最具争议也最有影响力的外交生涯。 这位生于德国的学者是美国有史以来，唯一一位曾同时担任国务卿和白宫国家安全顾问的官员。这让基辛格在理查德·尼克松（Richard Nixon）总统和杰拉尔德·福特（Gerald Ford）总统任职期间，大权在握。因此，他得以促使美国结束越南战争，并在冷战最激烈时期制定了美国对苏联的外交政策。 “亨利·基辛格......确确实实写就了一本关于外交的教科书，”时任美国国务卿约翰·克里（John Kerry）在2014年的一场仪式中谈及。基辛格“给我们提供了现代外交的关键词汇，即‘穿梭外交’和‘战略耐心’这两个词。” 在基辛格意义深远的众多成就中，有一项是：在20世纪70年代初，主导尼克松政府和中华人民共和国之间进行秘密接触，最终促成了中美两国外交关系的全面恢复。 基辛格曾是哈佛大学的教授，他在学术、外交和商业生涯中，既赢得了众多崇拜者，也招来了不少批评者。他是“现实政治”（realpolitik）这种国际政治理念的践行者，该理论主张将全球格局的稳定性置于高远的意识形态目标之上。 他去年对《华尔街日报》表示，美国需要避免贸然对中国采取对抗性态度，相反应寻求对话。 拓展练习阅读理解 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了一项新的科学研究，内容关于美国西部森林的碳储存能力及其与气候变化的关系。 21．词句猜测题。根据后文“locking it up in their trunks, branches, leaves, and roots.(并将其锁在树干、树枝、树叶和树根中。)”可推知，应是从大气中吸收二氧化碳，才能将其锁在树干、树枝、树叶和树根中，所以soak up应是“吸收”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段““There’s a growing trend to use forests as natural climate solutions,” said Hall. “Many climate mitigation (减轻) pathways rely in part on additional forest carbon storage to keep warming below 1.5℃ this century. We wanted to provide a baseline for how much carbon is currently stored in Western forests, how it’s changing, and how disturbances like fire and drought pose a threat to climate mitigation targets.”(霍尔说：“利用森林作为自然气候解决方案的趋势越来越大。”“许多减缓气候变化的途径在一定程度上依赖于额外的森林碳储量，以将本世纪的气温保持在1.5℃以下。我们希望提供一个基线，了解目前西部森林中储存了多少碳，它是如何变化的，以及火灾和干旱等干扰如何对气候减缓目标构成威胁。”)”可知，进行这项研究是为了评估森林的现状。故选C项。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段“The authors warn that many Western forests could see a rapid acceleration of carbon loss in the coming years or decades.(作者警告说，在未来几年或几十年里，许多西部森林的碳损失可能会迅速加速。)”可知，西部森林的未来趋势是碳的流失将会加速。故选A项。 24．细节理解题，根据倒数第二段“By providing a fire-new view of threats at landscape and regional levels, Hall and colleagues provide a framework (框架) that could help forest managers adapt site-specific strategies to strengthen forest resilience (复原力).(通过对景观和区域层面的威胁提供全新的看法，Hall及其同事提供了一个框架，可以帮助森林管理者适应特定地点的战略，以加强森林的恢复力。)”可知，霍尔森林管理框架的主要功能是帮助管理者调整战略以适应森林环境。故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$