语法之词性 代词课件2024-2025学年人教版（2024）七年级英语上册

代词 pronoun 什么是代词? 代词的英语表达为pronoun= pro(代替、代理) + noun (名词),所以pronoun可以理解为“用来代替名词的词”。 01 人称代词 02 物主代词 03 反身代词 04 指示代词 05 疑问代词 06 不定代词 常用代词共有6大类 3 一 人称代词 人称代词是为了避免重复,用来代替前面提到的人、动物或者事物的词。 This is my best friend. She is my classmate. 这是我最好的朋友,她是我的同学。 阅读下面的句子,并回答_ 代替_. She my best friend 一 人称代词 小朋友们,你们知道有哪些人称吗? 第一人称: I 我, we我们 第二人称: 第三人称: you你, you你们 he他,she她,it它,they他/她/它们 注意:you即是单数又是复数,be动词都用are。 You are a boy. (单数) You are boys. (复数) 5 一 人称代词 数 单数 复数 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 词义 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 人称代词根据用法的不同,有人称、性别、单复数和格的变化,如下表所示。 I he she it they you we him FUN Game time! I he she it they you we us FUN Game time! I he she it they you we me FUN Game time! I he she it they you we it FUN Game time! I he she it they you we her FUN Game time! I he she it they you we them FUN Game time! I he she it they you we you FUN Game time! 一 人称代词 句法功能 I go to school by bus every day. (1)用主格形式做主语。如: (2)用宾格形式做表语或宾语。如: -Who’s that? -It’s me. (表语) SCHOOL BUS 14 一 人称代词 特殊用法 (1)we,you,they用来泛指“人们、大家” We should be careful in this race. 大家在这场比赛中要小心。 (2)she可用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。 I was born in China, she is a great country. 我出生在中国,她是一个伟大的国家。 一 人称代词 it的基本用法 1.-Where is the puppy?-It’s over there. 代替前面已经提过的事物。 2. It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 代替性别不明的婴儿或动物。 一 人称代词 it的基本用法 3.- Who is it? -It’s me. 代替不确定的人或事物。 4. – How’s the weather today? –It’s rainy. 用来表示时间、距离和自然现象等。 一 人称代词 注意 1.表示“我”的I永远是大写形式。 2.英语中表示“我和你”“我们和你们”时,第一人称放在后面。 you and me你和我 you and we你们和我们 练习题1:用正确的人称代词填空。 积分按钮 例: What can I do for you, sir? 1. My name is Tony. _ come from America. I 2. Meimei and Lily are friends and _ like dancing. they 3. Are _ ready, David? you 4. Miss White teaches us English and _ enjoy the lessons very much. we 练习题1:用正确的人称代词填空。 积分按钮 5. _ is half past seven now. It 6. My mother is a teacher and _ likes her job very much. she 7. My father is a policeman and _ has a gun. he 8. Where are my keys? I can’t find _. them 练习题1:用正确的人称代词填空。 积分按钮 9. The prince walked up to Cinderella and asked _ for a dance. her 10. _ is very cold here in winter. It Wow, you did a good job ! Count how many you got. 二 物主代词 什么是物主代词呢?先来试着翻译这几个短语,并观察它们的含义。 my father 我的父亲 her aunt 她的阿姨 our school 我们的学校 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词。 二 物主代词 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,具体见下表所示。 数 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my your his,her,its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his,hers,its ours yours theirs 二 物主代词 1.形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词起形容词作用,只能放在名词前做定语。 This is my camera. 这是我的照相机。 His sister is a nurse. 他的姐姐是一名护士。 二 物主代词 2.名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词具有名词性质,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,以避免重复。 This book is mine. 这本书是我的。 These apples are yours. Ours are in the basket. 这些苹果是你们的。我们的在篮子里。 mine=my book yours-=your apples ours=our apples 二 物主代词 物主代词的数 Is this your car? No, mine is black. 物主代词在作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其所指代的名词的数而定。 mine后面用is是因为,mine指代my bicycle,谓语动词应用单数。 二 物主代词 常见含物主代词的固定表达 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 do one’s homework做某人的作业 to one’s joy 令某人感到高兴的是 试着用这些常见表达造个句子吧。 练习题2:用正确的代词填空 例:George cleans his room every Friday. 1._ pencil is broken. I need to buy a new one. My 2. What is _ father, Jerry? your 3.Mary, this is my chair. _ is over there. yours 28 练习题2:用正确的代词填空 4.Meimei is a good girl and _ likes helping others. she 5.-Is this your eraser, Amy? -No, it’s not _. mine 6.Boys and girls, open _ books and turn to Page 26. your 7.Fred is a friend of _. We often invite him to dinner. ours 练习题2:用正确的代词填空 8.We grow an apple tree in front of _ house. our 9.The young couple are too busy to look after _baby. their 10.Tom never wears a watch, so this watch can’t be _. his 三 反身代词 反身代词是一种表示反身或者强调的代词,意为“某人自己”。比如“小丑竟是我自己”就可以译为: It turned out I myself was the laughing stock! (laughing stock意为“笑柄”)。 反身代词的构成: 第一人称、第二人称的反身代词:形容词性物主代词+self/selves 第三人称的反身代词:人称代词宾格+self/selves 三 反身代词 反身代词也有人称和数的概念,具体见下表所示。 数 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 反身代词 myself yourself himself, herself, itself ourselves yourselves themselves 词义 我自己 你自己 他自己, 她自己, 它自己 我们自己 你们自己 他们自己 FUN Game time! 我自己 她自己 你们自己 我们自己 他们自己 它自己 三 反身代词 反身代词的句法功能 The little boy an dress himself now. 这个小男孩现在能自己穿衣服了。 dress oneself 打扮自己 (1)做动词宾语。 三 反身代词 反身代词的句法功能 He is talking to himself. 他在自言自语。 (2)做介词宾语。 三 反身代词 反身代词的句法功能 He himself was a doctor. 他本身就是个医生。 (3)做主语或宾语的同位语。 三 反身代词 小 叮 咛 反身代词作同位语时表示强调。 The box itself is not so heavy.盒子本身并不重。 =The box is not so heavy, there’s something else. 强调重的不是盒子,是其他东西。 You’d better ask your friend himself.你最好问你朋友本人。 =You’d better ask your friend, I won’t say anything about it or him. 强调要问就问你朋友本人,说话者无可奉告。 三 反身代词 among themselves 互相之间 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 in oneself 本质,本身 speak/talk to oneself 自言自语 下面是常用的反身代词固定搭配,小朋友们认真记忆哦! 三 反身代词 by oneself (靠)自己 help oneself to 随便吃 make oneself at home 不受约束 teach oneself 自学 下面是常用的反身代词固定搭配,小朋友们认真记忆哦! 练习题3:请选择适当的反身代词填空 yourselves itself myself himself themselves yourself ourselves 例:I cooked the dish myself. 我自己做的菜。 1.Bob hurt in the car accident. himself 2.-Can I help you, Judy? -No, thank you. I can manage it . myself herself 练习题3:请选择适当的反身代词填空 yourselves itself myself himself themselves yourself ourselves 3.Children, you must do the homework . yourselves 4.Alice is not quite today. herself 5.Help to some chicken soup, Betty. yourself herself 练习题3:请选择适当的反身代词填空 yourselves itself myself himself themselves yourself ourselves 6.Mom and Dad are going on holiday, and we have to look after . ourselves 7.Look! The cat is cleaning . itself 8.They painted the house all by . themselves herself 四 指示代词 指示代词是表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示人或事物的代词。 单数 复数 近指 this 这,这个 these 这些 远指 that 那,那个 those 那些 四 指示代词 基本用法 1 指示代词分为单数与复数两种形式,在意义上有远近的差别。 This is a bed. 这是一张床。 That is a tree. 那是一棵树。 These are horses. 这些是马。 Those are ducks. 那些是鸭子。 44 四 指示代词 基本用法 2 this/that可以用来代替先前说过的话。 Miss Gazelle is a very good teacher. That is why we like her very much. Peppa didn’t finish her homework. This made Dad angry. (用that代替Miss Gazelle is a very good teacher) (用this代替Peppa didn’t finish her homework) 四 指示代词 句法功能 句法功能 例句 (1)做主语 (2)做表语 (3)做宾语 (4)做定语 This is a computer. 这是一台电脑。 What’s this? 这是什么? Do you know this? 你知道这个情况吗? Those photos were taken on the Great Wall. 那些照片是在长城上拍的。 四 指示代词 小提示 Who’s that? This is Susie speaking. 打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方是谁,一般不用I或you。一起来看一下Peppa和Susie的对话吧: 练习题4:根据中文提示,将句子补充完整。 例:这是凯特的书包。 This is Kate’s bag. 1.这是一只斑马。 _ is a zebra. 2.那是一只袋鼠。 _ is a kangaroo. 3.这些是山羊,那些是绵羊。 _ are goats. _ are sheep. This That These Those 练习题4:根据中文提示,将句子补充完整。 4.你好,露西!这是我的同学凯西。 Hello, Lucy! _ is my classmate Cathy. 5.喂,我是汤姆,你是大卫吗? Hello, this is Tom. Is _ David? 6.喂,请问你是哪位? Hello. Who is _ speaking, please? 7.-那边的那个女孩是谁? -那是莉莉。 -Who is the girl over there? -_ is Lily. This that that That 练习题4:根据中文提示,将句子补充完整。 8.这边走,请! -_ way, please. This 9.约翰没有通过这次考试。这令他的老师非常生气。 John didn’t pass the exam. _ made his teacher very angry. This Very good, I hope you will make persistent efforts. 50 五 疑问代词 疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用于询问“何人”“何物”“什么”。那么疑问代词都有哪些呢?我们来听听兔小姐的介绍吧! 疑问代词有who(谁,主格)、whom(谁,宾格)、whose(谁的)、which(哪一个)和what(什么)等。 我给大家列了一张表格: 疑问代词 替代范围 who 谁(主格) 人 whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的 人、事、物 which 哪一个 what 什么 事、物 51 五 疑问代词 基本用法 1 who(谁):主格,只能用于对人的提问。 Who is she?他是谁? whom(谁):whom是who的宾格。 Who(m) did you see in the street?你在大街上看见谁了? whose(谁的):询问“所有关系”。 Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的伞? which(哪一个):可用于对人、事或物的提问。 Which way did they go? 他们去了哪个方向? 2 3 4 5 what(什么):可用于对事或物的提问。 What happened? 发生什么事了? 52 练习题5:选词填空-猜猜Peppa在哪扇门的后面? 例:What is your name? 练习题5:选词填空-猜猜Peppa在哪扇门的后面? 1. _ do you like better, bananas or apples? Which 练习题5:选词填空-猜猜Peppa在哪扇门的后面? 2. -_ is your father? - He is a doctor. What 练习题5:选词填空-猜猜Peppa在哪扇门的后面? 3. - _ part of China do you come from? - I come from the south. Which 练习题5:选词填空-猜猜Peppa在哪扇门的后面? 4. - _ is Miss Green? - She is my teacher. Who 练习题5:选词填空-猜猜Peppa在哪扇门的后面? 5. _ are these crayons? Whose 六 不定代词 不明确指代某个(些)人或事物的代词叫作不定代词。 你们来举一些例子吧! Is there any water in the bottle? Can you hear something? Many of them are from Britain. Both of the apples are red. 59 六 不定代词 some, any, no some和any都有“一些”的意思;no表示“没有”的意思。 some通常用于肯定句中。如: There is some bread left.还剩下一些面包。 any用于否定句或疑问句中。如: -Do you have any crayons? 你有一些蜡笔吗? -No, I don’t have any.不,我没有蜡笔。 no用在肯定句中表示否定的意思。如: There are no letters for you today. 今天没有你的信。 60 注 意 1.在“Would you like…”的疑问句中,一般用some不用any。如: Would you like some juice? 你想要一些果汁吗? 2.any用于肯定句时,表示“任何”的意思。如: Here are three storybooks. You may read any. 这儿有三本故事书。你读哪本都行。 六 不定代词 有一类词,它们都具有some-, any-, no-的词头,因此它们的用法是和这三个词相同的。 someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某事/物 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事/物 no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没有事/物 六 不定代词 我们来看一些例句: Someone took my doll! Did you tell anyone the news? No one knows the answer. Is there anybody at home? There is nothing important. 六 不定代词 both和all的用法 both和all都有“都……”的意思,表示“整体”的含义。 1.both表示“两者都”,谓语动词用复数形式。如: Both of the boys are clever.这两个男孩都很聪明。 2.all表示“三者以上都”,后接复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: All of the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那儿。 All of the students like PE.所有的学生都爱上体育课。 六 不定代词 every和each的用法 1.every表示“各个”,有“整体之中的每一个”的含义,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Every pupil got a book. 每个小学生都拿到了一本书。 every和each都有“每个”的意思,表示“个体”的含义。 2.each表示“每个”,强调个体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Each kid has a toy. 每个孩子都有一个玩具。 注 意 every-与-body, -one, -thing组合构成新的单词。Everybody与everyone表示“每一个人”,everything表示“每一件事”。如: Everyone likes Susan very much. 每一个人都非常喜欢苏珊。 Everybody should work hard. 人人都应该努力工作。 Everything goes well with me. 我一切都好。 六 不定代词 either和neither的用法 1.either指“两者中的任何一个”,其后动词用单数形式。如: Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩中的任何一个都聪明。 either和neither的意义相反。 2.neither表示“两者都不”,其后动词用单数形式。如: Neither of them likes hamburgers. 他们两个都不喜欢吃汉堡包。 六 不定代词 many和much的用法 many和much都是表示“数量”的不定代词,都有“许多,大量”的意思。 1.many后面接可数名词。如: There are many trees around the playground. 操场四周有很多树。 2.much后面接不可数名词。如: Much jam is left. 还剩下许多果酱。 六 不定代词 few a few few:几乎没有,表否定,修饰可数名词。 Peppa has few friends. 佩奇几乎没有朋友。 a few:有几个,表肯定,修饰可数名词。 Peppa has a few friends. 佩奇有几个朋友。 六 不定代词 little a little little:几乎没有,表否定,修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有水了。 a little:有一点,表肯定,修饰不可数名词。 There is a little water in the cup. 杯子里还有一点水。 练习题6:把正确的不定代词圈起来。 例:He has ( some, any) teddies. 他有几只玩具熊。 1. There are (some, any) books on her desk. 2.We don’t have(some, any) meat in the fridge. 练习题6:把正确的不定代词圈起来。 3.The little girl has (many, much) dolls. 4.Would you like (some, any) orange juice? 5.There are trees on (either, both) side of the road. 6.Martha goes jogging (every, each) morning. 练习题6:把正确的不定代词圈起来。 7.Please give me (a few, a little) of that drink. 8.(Few, Little) of my friends like carrots. 9.(Both, All) of his parents are teachers. Thanks $$