2024-2025学年初高中英语衔接-句子种类（按照使用目的和交际功能划分）课件

句子种类 （按使用目的和交际功能分） 授课人：希希 1 CONTENTS 句子种类 01 习题练习 02 2 01 句子种类（按使用目的和交际功能分） 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。 1.肯定陈述句 结构:主语+谓语+其他。 That boy often helps others. I went to the cinema yesterday. I like talking with other people. Singing seems easy for me. 2. 否定陈述句 （1）当谓语动词含有be动词、助动词或其他情态动词时，否定形式是在这些动词之后加not。 I can’t sing well. The sweater isn’t made of wool. She can’t be at home, because I saw her boarding yesterday. 2. 否定陈述句 （2）谓语部分是实义动词或含有情态动词have/has/had to时，否定形式在这些动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。 The boy doesn’t do housework at home. I don’t like talking with other people. We didn’t have a good holiday. 2. 否定陈述句 （3）当have（有）、need（需要）、dare（敢于）作实义动词时候，通常在前面加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t构成否定句。 I don’t have dinner. The bike didn’t need to be repaired. Jim doesn't dare （to） go into the haunted house. 2. 否定陈述句 （4）否定词 用no表示,no=not any/a。 He has no sister.=He doesn’t have any sisters. never绝不,从来不。 I have never seen such a man. little,few几乎没有。 There are few students in the classroom. There is little bread in the kitchen. no one/nobody 没有人。 No one/Nobody is interested in the book. nothing什么也没有。 There is nothing wrong with you. neither of两者都不；none of没有一个(用于三者或三者以上)。Neither of them has ever been to Beijing. seldom  很少,hardly 几乎不。 I can hardly say a word. She seldom listened to me. too……to 太……而不能……。 He was too late to catch the bus. not...at all一点儿也不......。 He didn't care about the result at all. not…any more=no more 不再，再没有。 I can’t believe you any more.= I can no more believe you. not…any longer=no longer 不再，再没有。 I’m not a child any longer.= I’m no longer a child. 复习缩略形式： I am he is she is they are you are there is there are can not =I’m =he’s =she’s =they’re =you’re =there’s =there’re =can’t do not does not is not are not let us will not I will was not =don’t =doesn’t =isn’t =aren’t =let’s =won’t =I’ll =wasn’t 将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句： 1.We go to school on Sunday. We don’t go to school on Sunday. 2.We’ll go to the park this afternoon. We won’t go to the park this afternoon. 3.I am watching TV now. I am not watching TV now. 4.Jack’s father is a teacher. Jack’s father isn’t a teacher. 将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句： 5.The dog runs fast. The dog doesn’t run fast. 6.The baby can speak. The baby can’t speak. 7.There is some water in the bottle. There isn’t any water in the bottle. 8.Her mother works hard. Her mother doesn’t work hard.  将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句： 9.They like reading books. They don’t like reading books. 10.We had lessons this morning. We didn’t have lessons this morning. 11.I have a doll. I don’t have a doll. 12.It is a fish. It isn’t a fish. 将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句： 13.They speak English. They don’t speak English. 14.She can clean the bedroom. She can’t clean the bedroom. 15.I have some money in my pocket. I don’t have any money in my pocket. 形肯意否： more...than...“与其说…倒不如说” “是…而不是” He is more knave than fool.与其说他蠢，不如说他坏。 rather than”是…而不是” The effect is soft and pretty rather than drop-dead sexy. 给人的印象是柔和俏丽而不是吸人眼球的性感。 would rather…than…“宁愿…也不” He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles. 他宁愿一枪打死自己也不愿违背自己的原则。 形肯意否： other than“不同于” She is quite other than what people described. 她这个人完全不像你所说的那样。 nothing less/else than/nothing short of “完全是，简直是” It was nothing less than a miracle.那完全是个奇迹。​ no less than“简直是” It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 要价这么高简直是抢劫。 形否意肯： nothing but“只”“仅仅”。 He dreams of nothing but going home. 他只想回家。 not…until…“直到……才……”。 He didn’t come until yesterday. 直到昨天他才来。 cannot be too “再.....也不为过” You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 can’t help doing“情不自禁做某事” He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news.  他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。 否定转移： 当主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等表示“认为”“相信”“猜想”“期望”“想象”等意思时，且后面接宾语从句，如果从句中的谓语动词为否定形式，习惯上要把否定词从从句转移到主句中。 I don't think he is right. （我认为他不对。） 否定转移： 当 seem, appear 等系动词后面接表语从句，且从句中含有否定意义时，也可能出现否定转移。 It doesn't seem that he is happy. （这似乎是他不开心。） 否定转移： not …because/by 形式上否定的是主句部分，意义上否定的却是because之后的内容，译为“并不是/并非因为…”。 We didn’t deny the person merely because he was not qualified. 我们并非因为这个人不够条件才拒绝他的。 He wasn’t arrested by lack of necessary information. 他并不是因为缺乏必要的信息而被捕的。 双重否定： （1）“否定词 + 否定意义的词/短语” - 常见的否定词有“not”“no”“never”“nothing”“none”“neither”等。 - 否定意义的词或短语有 “without”“hardly...when”“scarcely...when”“rarely”“few”“little”等。 I can't do nothing. 我得做点什么。 （2）“否定词+否定前/后缀的词” 否定前缀有“un-”“in-”“dis-”“non-”等，否定后缀有“-less”等。 He is not unkind. 他很善良。 二、疑问句 1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句是询问某人、某物或某事是否属实的问句，可以分为肯定的一般疑问句和否定的一般疑问句。 （1）以系动词be开头：am,is,are（一般时）was，were（过去时） 句子结构：Be+主语+其他？ Is he in the living room? （2）以情态动词开头：can，may，must，will（将来时），would 句子结构：情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ Can you go to the park alone? （3）以普通助动词开头：Do，Does，（一般时）Did（过去时），have（现在完成时），had（过去完成时） 句子结构：普通助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ Does he want to go with us? 一般情况下，开头用什么提问就用什么回答。 肯定: Yes，主语 + 提问词. 否定: No，主语+提问词+not. 人看性别，男的用he ,女的用she； 非人单数/不可数名词用it； 复数都用they。 回答由must 引导的疑问句的提问 ① 肯定回答：Yes, …must. ―Must I go home now? ―Yes, you must. ②否定回答：No，…needn't./No，…don't/doesn't have to. ―Must I go home now? ―No, you need’t./don’t have to. 回答由may提问的句子。 ①肯定：Of course./Sure./Certainly. -May I borrow your MP3? -Sure. ②否定：No, ... mustn’t. -May I borrow your MP3? -No, you mustn’t. 填空： 1）Is she a teacher? Yes , she ____ . No, she _____. 2） _____ the girls often swim ? Yes ,____ do. No, _____ don’t. 3） ____ your dad like listening to music? Yes ,____ does .  No, ____ doesn’t. is isn’t Do they they Does he he 4）_____ you wash his car yesterday? Yes , ____ did . No, ____ didn’t. 5） Can  you run fast?   Yes , I ______. No, I ______. 6）_____ she a teacher?    Yes, she _____ .  No, she _____. 7） ______ you playing ball now? Yes,I ______. No, I  ______. Did you you can can’t Is is isn’t Are am am not 8） ______ a pig jump? Yes, it  can. No, it _____. 9） ______ five birds flying in the sky? Yes, they _____ .No, ____ aren’t. 10） _____ your father reading in the living room? Yes, ____ is .No, he _____. Can can’t Are are they Is he isn’t 将下列句子改成一般疑问句并回答。 1. It is a lovely dog. 2. She will go home tomorrow.  3. He is my father. 4. They are Lily’s cousins. 5. We were classmates. 6. I am a doctor. 7 There is a bird in the tree. 8.There are many stars in the sky. 2. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由疑问词引导，不能用yes或no回答。 （1）如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，疑问词（＋主语）＋谓语动词＋其他成分. - Who is singing in the room？ - Whose bike is broken？ （２）如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，疑问词＋一般疑问句语序？ - Which class are you in？ - What does she look like？ 常见疑问词： 疑问代词：what，who，which，whose，whom 疑问副词：when，where，why，how 疑问形容词：what（which，whose）+名词 what 什么 who whom whose which when where why how 谁 谁的 哪一个 什么时候 什么地点 为什么 如何 how old how often how long how far how many how much 多远 多久 多久一次 多大年龄 数量多少（后接不可数名词） ；多少钱 数量多少（后接可数名词） Can you match the special question words with their Chinese meaning? No problem. WHO’S STILL STANDING 34 一、用“what, why, which, when, how"填空。 1.--________ is Li Ming doing? --He is reading a book. 2.-- ________ did you go to Shanghai?--By plane. 3. --________ do you like winter? --Because I can ski. 4.-- ________ season do you like best?--Fall. 5. --________ did you come to Canada?--At 7: 00. What How Why Which When 二、单项选择。 1．－_____ is your dictionary?　－ 10 Yuan. A. How much　 　 B. How many C. What 　　　      D. Whose 2．－_______ subjects do you have ?　－ Seven. A. How long　　　B. How many C. How much 　　 D. How far 3．－_______ do you like best?    － I like math best. A. Which subject       B. What food C. What color　　　  D．Which sport A B A 4. － ________ do you like science?－________it’s interesting. A. Why; So　          B. What; Because C. Why; Because　D. How; Because 5. When _______the girl ________ her homework? A. does; does　   B. does; do C. do; does　　   D. do; do 6. —Does he want to go to a movie?　— _______. A. Yes, he does       B. No, he does  C. Yes, he doesn’t   D. Yes, she is C B A 7. －_______ kind of movies do you like? － I like comedies very much. A. What’s     B. How    C. What    D. Why 8. － ______ are these bananas?－ Five dollars. A. What color　    B. How about C. How much　　 D. How many 9. －Can we play football in the street? －No, you _____. It’s dangerous. A. can　B. mustn’t　C. may  D. may not C C B 10. －_____ does he play football?　 － In the afternoon. A. When  B. Where  C. How　D. What 11. —_____ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer? —Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years. A. Who    B. How    C. What    D. Which 12.—_____ does your father go to the fitness center? —He exercises there twice a week. A. How soon   B. How often  C. How long A C B 13.—_________will the invitations be sent to our guests? —In three days. A. How often       B. How soon C. How long        D. How far 14.—_____ is it from the New Town to the old city centre? — Less than 30 minutes by underground. A. How soon        B. How often    C. How long         D. How far 15.— ________is Mary? — The girl with short hair. A. Which   B. What    C. Where    D. Why B D A 3.选择疑问句 选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式。前一部分是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，后面加上并列连词or(或者)提供给对方另一个条件，让对方根据实际情况进行选择回答。  (1)句型：一般疑问句+or+另一选择对象？ -Are you a teacher or a student?  =Are you a teacher or (are you) a student？ -I'm a student. (2)句型：特殊疑问句, A, B or C? -Which is bigger，Beijing or New York？ -Beijing. -Which is the biggest, the earth, the sun or the moon? -The sun. 翻译下面句子。 1. 我们怎么去, 乘火车还是飞机? How shall we go, by train or by plane? 2. 你想要牛奶还是茶? Would you like milk or tea? 3. 你想要鸡肉还是牛肉？ Would you like chicken or beef? 4. 咖啡，水还是果汁你最喜欢哪个? Which do you like best, coffee, water or juice? 4.反意疑问句 反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后对所陈述的事实观点提问的短句。 It is a glorious day, isn’t it? You haven't seen my green jacket, have you? You don't need a jacket, do you? Note:前肯后否，前否后肯，前后人称一致 牛刀小试-完成句子 Jack is going camping with his friends this weekend, ________? Aren’t you going to the conference then, ________? Writing was so excruciating that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic as an oral report — a one-act play, where I played all the parts, ? Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, ? isn’t he are you wasn’t it isn’t it 三、祈使句 祈使句用来表达请求、命令、建议、禁止、劝告、警告等。有肯定和否定两大类。 （1）肯定祈使句 Do型：Come to the party tonight! Turn left at the first crossing! Be型：Be careful. Let型：Let him study alone! 牛刀小试 判断下面句子是否祈使句（T or F） Knock the door before entering, please. Working hard, you will be successful. Go straight on and you will see the church. The result showed virus was presented properties of the coronavirus. Let’s keep to the point or we will never reach any conclusion. 6. Do tell me the truth. T F T F T T （2）否定祈使句 Do型：Don’t come to the party tomorrow! Don’t turn right at the first crossing! Be型：Don’t be careless. Let型：Let him not study with others! 四、感叹句 感叹句：用来表示赞美，惊叹，喜悦等感情的句子。通常以what和how开头，句末为感叹号。 What引导： What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + ( 主语 + 谓语 ) ! What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + ( 主语 + 谓语 ) ! What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + ( 主语 + 谓语 ) ! What an interesting story it is! What good weather it is! 修饰名词 How引导： How + 形容词/副词 + ( 主语 + 谓语 ) ! How + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + ( 主语 + 谓语 ) ! How time flies! How beautiful a butterfly it is! How well he plays the piano! 修饰形容词或副词 第一步：找主语 a beautiful girl she is! beautiful she is! 主 主 探索发现 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 名 形 第二步：看词性 a beautiful girl she is! beautiful she is! 主 主 探索发现 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 名 形 第三步：引导词 a beautiful girl she is! beautiful she is! 主 主 What How 探索发现 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 解题步骤 从后往前找主语 主语前是名词，用What 主语前是形容词，用How 语法秘籍 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 What What an How How an -China’s star skater Wu Dajing won the gold in the men’s 500 meters in PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. -____ exciting news it is! Let’s give him the thumbs-up. 1. 答案：A 解析：根据符号判断该题考点是感叹句！找到主语it,往前看一个词，是不可数名词news.固选A. A. B. C. D. 真题派送 More 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 ____ wonderful The Reader is! Many people enjoy the TV program. What How a 2. How What a 答案：C 简析：《朗读者》是多么精彩啊！从后面往前找到主语The reader,再看前一个词为形容词，固选C。 D. 真题派送 A. B. C. More 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 -I watched the live NBA game last night.How about you? -Of course I did. ____ Amazing game it was! What an How an 3. What How 答案：C 简析：昨晚我看现场直播的NBA比赛了，你呢？我当然也看了，多么令人惊异的一场比赛啊！考查What 开头的句子。主语it,前一个为可数名词单数，用因amazing以元音音素开头，故选A。 D. 真题派送 A. B. C. More 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 what fun How fun .What a fun How a fun -Wow!They were celebrating the Water Festival. -____ the Dai people were having! 4. 答案：A 简析：句子主语为the Dai people.前一个单词为不可数名词fun，选A. A. B. C. D. 真题派送 More 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 What a What How a How Jimmy saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. ____ great courage he showed! 5. 答案：B 简析：Jimmy从扬子江里救了一个老妇人。他表现出了多大的勇气啊!本题考查感叹句。感叹句的构成:What+(a/an+)adj.+可数/不可数名词+主+谓!How+adj./adv.+主+谓!courage为不可数名词,意为“勇气”,故选B项 A. B. C. D. 真题派送 More 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 选词填空 (what/how) _____ beautiful the girl is! _____ a beautiful girl she is! _____ beautiful the girls are! _____ beautiful girls they are! How What How What 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 选词填空 (what/how) _____ fine the weather is! _____ fine weather it is! _____ fast he runs! _____ a fast car it is! How What How What 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 改写句子（将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词） 1. The weather is fine. it is! 2. The stories are very boring. stories are! 3. The building is so tall. tall building it is! What fine How boring What a weather 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 改写句子（将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词） 4. Tom is running very fast. Tom is running! 5. The boy is very lazy. the boy is!  6. He is such a clever boy. boy he is! How fast How lazy What a clever 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 六、there be句型 （1）基本句型：There be+主语+其他 There are many ways to solve the problems. （2）疑问句：be放在there前。 Is there a lake in the nature park? （3）there seems/appears/happens to be+主语 There seems to be something wrong with the instrument. （4）There (be) a teacher and two students in the teachers’ office. is 就近原则 02 习题练习 1.-Are those your books? -Yes,      . A.it is       B.these are   C.they are    D.that is 2.-Is the girl in red your friend?She is learning Chinese now.  - . A.Yes, it is.B.Yes, he is.  C.Yes, she is.D.Yes, she does.  3.-      your brother usually  basketball at school? - No, he doesn't. He usually plays it in the clubs. A. Do; play B. Does; plays      C. Do;plays  D. Does; play       C C D 4.-Do you like watching TV? -Yes, I . But only after I finish my homework. A.am B.do       C.does   D.did     5.-      dictionary is this?   -I think it is Mary's.   A.Who B.Whose       C.Whom       D.Which 6.      will the Jinniu Lake Wildlife Kingdom be open? -Maybe in the second half of this year. A.When B.Who    C.What  D.Where       B B A 7.-Excuse me,      is this T-shirt?  -It's 88 yuan.  A. how much B.how many C. how long  D.how old  8.-      do you visit Uncle Tom?-Once a week. A. How long B.How often C.How soon  D.How far 9.      exciting news it is! Our school will hold a sports meeting next week. A.What an       B.What  C.How    D.How an 10.         useful the information you've provided is! A.What a B. What C. What an   D.How   A B B D 11. The amusement park has received many visitor,      ? A. has it B. hasn't it C.does it       D.doesn't it  12.There is plenty of information about AI on the website,      ? A. isn't there B. isn't it       C. is there     D. is it   13. She runs around the lake every morning,      ?    A. does she B. doesn't she      C.did she      D.didn't she  14.- swim in this river. It's quite deep.   -Thanks for telling me.  A. No B.Not     C.Don't  D.Doesn't    B A B C Thank you for watching. 70 $$