专题05（讲案）必修二Unit 5 Humans and Nature（词汇精讲+熟词新意+词形转换+写作迁移）-2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案 （北师大版2019）

2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019） 专题05（讲案）必修二Unit 5 Humans and Nature （词汇精讲+熟词新意+词形转换+写作迁移）原卷版 目录 一、核心考点 精讲精练 二、链接高考 查漏补缺 三、夯实双基 分层推进 四、学以致用 写作微练 一、核心考点 精讲精练 Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量(的人或事物)v．大量涌入；充满 (1)a flood of 一大批的，大量的 in flood 在泛滥 (2)flood in 涌进(不及物动词短语) flood into 涌进……(及物动词短语) be flooded with 充满……　　 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/读后续写之回忆往事 1 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. ___________ 2 The river had burst its banks and flooded the farms. ___________ ③(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood ___________ Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. 3 As soon as the doors opened，people started to flood in to get the best seats for the concert. ⑤The heavy rain caused the river to overflow，and the nearby town ___________ (flood) with water. ⑥我一看到照片，甜蜜的回忆立马就涌了进来。 _________________________________ as soon as I saw the photos. shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 (派生词：①shocked adj.震惊的　②shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的) (1)in shock 震惊地；吃惊地 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at 对……感到震惊　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之震惊 ①___________ my great shock，I discovered that my best friend had been lying to me for years. ②(2020·天津卷)Jones was ___________ (shock)when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated. ③(2020·北京卷)Tom has since reported the ___________ (shock) findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma(哮喘). 4 我震惊地望着他，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。 I______________________，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. [中国元素] I was shocked at the fast-paced development and modernization of Chinese cities，with towering skyscrapers and advanced technologies that surpassed my expectations.我对中国城市的快节奏发展和现代化感到震惊，那里有高耸的摩天大楼和超出我预期的先进技术。 escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避 (1)escape (doing) sth 逃避(做)某事，避免(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱/逃走 escape sb's attention/notice 疏忽，没注意到 (2)There's no escaping the fact that... 无法回避的事实是……　　 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/应用文写作之健康生活 ①I bumped into an old classmate at the supermarket，but her name escaped me，causing an awkward pause. ___________ ②It is said that he narrowly escaped ___________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day. ③With the help of the firefighters，the woman and her three children managed to escape from the burning house. ④The thief tiptoed into the room ___________ (escape) being found by the host. 5 无法回避的事实是工作对情绪和健康有着深远的影响。 ____________________________________________ work has profound effects on emotions and health. survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存 (派生词：①survival n．幸存　②survivor n．幸存者) (1)survive sth 幸免于……，从……中艰难度过 (2)survive on sth 依靠……生活 (3)survive sb(by...years) 比……活得长(……年)　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之升华句 ①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ___________ (survive) China's long history. ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the ___________ (survive) of our natural resources. ③After getting lost in the wilderness，he had to rely on his survival skills to survive___________ limited resources until help arrived. ④It is reported that the non-smokers survive smokers ___________ 10 years on average. 6 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn't about ______________________；it's about learning to dance in the rain. [真题衔接]⑥(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)为了在森林中生存，动物们必须爬、跳或飞穿过森林的缝隙。 ______________________，animals must climb，jump or fly across the gaps. frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 (派生词：①frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬　②fright n．害怕　③frightening adj.令人害怕的，可怕的) (1)be frightened of 害怕…… be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 被吓坏了 (2)frighten sb into/out of doing sth 吓唬某人做/不做某事　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之恐惧 ①(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)He kicked it wide open，finding a___________ (frighten) woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. ②The sound of thunder and the sight of lightning flashing across the sky was truly ___________ (frighten)，making me tremble with fear. ③He was frightened ___________ (jump) off the diving board，as he had a fear of heights and was unsure if he could handle the height. ④Whenever she thought of the accident，she was trembling with ___________ (frighten). ⑤The robbers frightened the old man ___________ giving them all the money he had. 7 一道亮光闪过，孩子们如此害怕以至于他们尖叫起来。 A bright light flashed by，and the children______________________ they screamed. [名师点津]“动词＋sb＋into /out of doing sth”的常见动词集锦还有：persuade/talk/argue sb into/ out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事；cheat/force sb into doing sth欺骗/迫使某人做某事。 [中国元素] Ye Gong，who was known for loving dragons，was very frightened at the sight of real dragon in the sky.叶公以爱龙闻名，一看到天上的真龙却非常害怕。 curious adj.好奇的 (派生词：①curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品　②curiously adv.好奇地) (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 很想做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy sb's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之邀请信 ①(2021·浙江卷)Even during his last few years，he always had a sense of ___________ (curious)，wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. ②Both of the girl's parents were curious___________ (know) where their daughter had gone. ③She picked up the red envelope and turned it over ___________ (curious)，wondering what was inside it. ④如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或关心它的未来，你一定不要错过这个绝佳的机会！ If you ___________the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity! [中国元素] With the fast development of China，more and more foreigners are so curious about China that they come here and most of them can't help falling in love with it.随着中国的快速发展，越来越多的外国人对中国如此好奇，因此他们来到这里，大多数人都情不自禁地爱上了中国。 equal adj.相等的；相同的(派生词：①equality n．相等；平等　②equally adv.平等地；相等地) (1)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/某物 be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事 on equal terms (with sb) (和某人)平等相处；(和某人)地位相等 (2)be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之人生启示 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides ___________ (equal) contact and share with one another. ②In a healthy relationship，there should be a foundation of ___________ (equal) and mutual respect，where both partners value and support each other's opinions and decisions. ③I don't think Peter is equal to___________ (transport) these valuable goods，because he is not careful enough. ④凯瑟琳也得到了一个重要的人生启示：每个人都应被平等地对待，无论他或她有多特别。 Catherine also gained an important life lesson that ______________________ no matter how special he or she was. [中国元素] The concept of “ren”in Confucianism highlights the importance of treating others as equals，regardless of social status.儒家“仁”的理念强调了平等对待他人的重要性，而不考虑社会地位。 trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中n．圈套 (1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Those who dare to try often get themselves ___________ (trap). ②Seven people who were trapped___________ a coal mine roof collapse were all rescued on Friday，rescuers said. ③He felt he had been trapped ___________ accepting the terms of the contract，which obviously was not equal to him. ④Don't fall into the trap ___________ investing all your money in one place. ⑤Though she was trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued. →Though ___________，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) [中国元素] In the famous story “The Legend of the White Snake”， the monk Fahai uses his spiritual powers to trap the White Snake in a pagoda，separating her from her human husband.在著名的故事《白蛇传》中，法海和尚用他的法力将白蛇困在一座塔中，使她与她的人类丈夫分开。 attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图(派生词：attempted adj.未遂的) (1)attempt to do sth 试图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事 at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试　 　单句语法填空/应用文写作之劝慰信 ①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting ___________ (get) into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. ②She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test ___________ the first attempt. ③The man was put into prison last night，charged with ___________ (attempt) murder. ④(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt ___________ (control) the world they lived in，through agriculture. ⑤如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。 If you fail ______________________，there is no need to care about that. [真题衔接]⑥(2023·全国乙卷)我经常提前离开，寻找合适的目的地，并尽早设置好摄影装备，以避免错过我企图拍摄的时刻。 I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am ______________________. measure vt.估量，衡量；测量n．尺寸；措施 (1)measure...by... 用……来衡量…… (2)make...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做(衣服等) in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 (3)take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之乐于助人 ①Success shouldn't ___________ (measure) only by how much money you have. ②The government has taken measures___________ (bring) down the high prices of house. ③I guess this coat is not made___________ my measure，because it is too large for me. ④The new bridge under construction，___________ (measure) twice as long as the old one，will be completed next month. ⑤To her relief，her kindness and generosity were repaid to her ___________． 令她欣慰的是，她的善良和慷慨得到了最大程度的回报。 [真题衔接]⑥中国学校已采取措施将书法和绘画等传统艺术纳入课程之中。 Chinese schools ______________________ incorporate traditional arts，such as calligraphy and painting，into their curriculum. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸 (派生词：①breath n．呼吸　②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的) (1)breathe in 吸气 breathe out 呼气 breathe v．将(生气、信心或兴奋等)注入 breathe (new) life into sth (给某事物)带来起色，注入活力 (2)take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地　 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our ___________ (breathe)，Steve got down on one knee. ②The city is seeking to breathe life ___________ its tourism industry and make such development more sustainable by holding more folk music activities. ③The doctor told me to breathe___________ deeply and then breathe out slowly. ④母亲深吸了一口气，用手指抚摸着凌乱的头发，困惑地看着我的眼睛。 Mother ______________________，ran her fingers through her messy hair and looked into my eyes with a puzzled look. ⑤比赛结果公布时，队员们屏住呼吸，希望能听到自己球队的名字。 As the results were announced，the players ___________，hoping to hear their team's name. [中国元素] The fragrant smell of steaming dumplings filled the air，making my mouth water and taking my breath away.空气中弥漫着香气扑鼻的蒸饺味道，使我的口水直流，令我陶醉其中。 base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地 (派生词：①basis n．基础；基点；基准　②basic adj.基本的，基础的　③basically adv.大体上；基本上；总的说来；从根本上说) (1)base...on/upon... 把……置于……基础之上 be based on 以……为基础/根据 (2)on the basis of 以/根据……为基础 on a regular basis 经常地　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之语言学习 ①You should base your conclusion ___________careful research instead of personal experience. ②(2021·浙江卷)We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures ___________ (base) on a simple cue，such as the sight of teeth. ③(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use ___________ a regular basis. ④The training program focused on teaching the ___________ (base) skills needed for effective communication. ⑤China has been making greater efforts to transform its agricultural and food system，and has ___________ (basic) achieved self-sufficiency in food. ⑥根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。 ___________，learning English online is really a great way for English learners. [真题衔接]⑦(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。 The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ___________ our present mental register. ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿(派生词：ambitious adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的) (1)achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负；如愿以偿 an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 做某事的追求/理想/抱负　　 (2)be ambitious to do sth 一心想做某事　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①His ambition ___________ (work) as a lawyer is likely to be realized in the near future. ②My brother's ambition is ___________ (become) a pilot after graduation. ③(2020·天津卷)Galileo was not merely ___________ (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. ④在一个小镇长大，她想成为一名著名女演员的雄心似乎是一个遥远的梦想，但她的天赋和毅力最终使她取得了成功。 Growing up in a small town，_________________________________ seemed like a distant dream，but her talent and perseverance eventually led her to success. [名师点津] ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 as if引导状语从句 as if＝as though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或状语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； ③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (3)as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。　　 [教材原句]　I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①她对待这个可怜的男孩就像他是她自己的孩子一样。 She treats the poor boy _________________________________． ②打破窗户的是约翰。你为什么跟我说话，好像我做的一样？ It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? ③他盯着我看，好像是第一次看到我似的。 He stared at me ______________________ for the first time. ④当我走进来时，每个人都在看着我，这让我突然觉得好像我做错了什么似的。 When I walked in，everyone was looking at me，which made me suddenly feel ______________________． the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．.. (1)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型，意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化； (2)前一个“the＋比较级．..”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)，后一个“the＋比较级．..”通常相当于主句； (3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，be常省略。　　[教材原句]　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一，物体越大，下落得越快。 [写作迁移]——微写作 1 走在一条泥土路上的时候，天越黑我越害怕。 While I was walking on the dirt path，___________ it was，______________________I was. ②志愿者越多，居民面临的困难就越少。 ______________________ there are，______________________ residents will face. ③祖国越强大，人们就越幸福。 ______________________our motherland is，___________people will be. ④她越想这事，就变得越沮丧。 ___________she thought about it，______________________ she became. Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．living adj.活的，活着的 [对点微练]——选词填空(living，alive，lively，live) ①He has been missing for a long time. No one knows whether he is dead or ___________． ②She's a ___________ child and popular with everyone. ③He is considered as the greatest ___________ artist. ④I love their music，but I've never seen their ___________ performance. 2．protectionn．保护；防护→___________vt.保护，防护→___________adj.防护的，保护的；(对人)关切保护的，爱护的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①It is important to use sunscreen to protect your skin from ___________ (damage) by the sun. ②The helmet provided an extra layer of ___________ (protect) for the cyclist's head during the race. ③The company has adopted various ___________ (protect) measures to safeguard the personal information of its customers. 3．deathn．死，死亡→___________vi.死亡，去世→___________adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The famous actor ___________ (die) of a heart attack while filming his latest movie. ②The neighborhood seemed ___________ (die) at night，with no signs of activity or people. ③The news of his ___________ (die) came as a shock to everyone who knew him. 4．lossn．丧失；死亡→losevt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费→lostadj.丢失的，迷路的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The sudden ___________ (lose) of her job left her feeling anxious and uncertain about the future. ②The town ___________ (lose) half of its population in the past ten years as people moved to bigger cities. ③The ___________ (lose) dog was reunited with its owner thanks to the help of social media. Ⅱ.一词多义 1．lecture [对点微练]——选出lecture的含义 A．n.讲座　B．n.训斥，谴责　C．vi.作演讲；讲课 D．vt.斥责，告诫 ①He began to lecture us about making too much noise. ___________ ②She travelled widely in North America，lecturing on women's rights. ___________ ③My father caught me and gave me a long lecture about the dangers of drink. ___________ ④Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public___________ 2．wave [对点微练]——选出wave的含义 A．n.海浪；波涛　B．n.波　C．vt.挥动 ①At night，I listened to the sound of the waves breaking against the shore. ___________ ②We had some difficulties，but we were determined to accomplish our task and wave our national flag in outer space no matter what happened. ___________ ③(2020·天津卷)Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. ___________ 3．title n．标题，题目 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 1 (熟词生义)The title will be officially given to him at a ceremony in London. ___________ ②(熟词生义)He became the country's first Olympic gold medalist when he won the 400m title in 1948. ___________ ③The title of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it. ___________ 4．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①The operation could prolong his life by two or three years. ___________ ②Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine. ___________ ③The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. ___________ 5．observe vt.观察；注意 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 1 (熟词生义)Anyone who comes here must observe the social distancing rules and wear a mask. ___________ ②Last weekend，our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals. ___________ ③Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face. ___________ ④(熟词生义)Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival. ___________ Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. ___________ 2．(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all-around title，she became the first black woman to do so. ___________ 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. ___________ 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Once the registration form is received and processed，we will send a confirmation email within two business days. ___________ Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). ___________ 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ecology n．生态；生态学→___________ n．生态学家，生态学者→___________adj.生态的；生态学的 2．(2019·天津卷)By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. ___________ 掌握规律·词汇拓展 mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→___________ adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 3．(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. ___________ 掌握规律·词汇拓展 interrupt vt.打断讲话→___________ adj.被中断的→___________ adj.不间断的；持续不断的；不受阻挡的→___________ n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 1. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。动词-ing形式短语working in the garden作主句的___________；many of whom引导___________从句，修饰Jaramillo's special education students。 尝试翻译：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you're lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 自主剖析：本句为but连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，If引导条件状语从句，where引导的宾语从句作介词___________的宾语；后面的分句中，it作___________，不定式短语to find places in a city作真正的主语，that引导的___________从句修饰名词city。 尝试翻译：如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫坚持要跑，好像他忘记了他所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。 David insisted on running ____________________________________________，though he tripped over within a few kilometers. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)你在任何一个国家待的时间越多，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。 The more time you spend in any given country，_________________________________ you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) It was a hot summer. Some junior school boys were playing near a river where they felt very curious 1. ___________ the stones on the bottom of the river. One recommended they pick some of the stones and they could swim 2. ___________ (fight) against the heat at the same time. The others agreed. Soon after they swam in the river，3. ___________ disastrous thing happened. One boy 4. ___________ (drown) in the deep part. The other boys felt very frightened. Then they began to swim to him，5. ___________ (attempt) to save him.6. ___________ (unfortunate)，they failed. At that moment，a young man 7.who/that was passing by observed the boys struggling in the water，without 8. ___________ (think)，the man jumped into the river. He saved the boys one by one. Though he felt very exhausted，he felt very 9. ___________ (satisfy) because no one died. When the villagers arrived，they praised the young man for his 10. ___________ (brave)，but he walked away without saying who he was. 三、夯实双基 分层推进 核心单词 1．___________n. 灾难；灾祸 2．___________n. 洪水，水灾 3．___________n. 飓风 4．___________n. 野生动植物，野生生物 5．___________n. 评论；意见 6．___________n. 风景，景色 7．___________adj. 活的，活着的 8．___________n. 土壤 9．___________n. 气候 10．___________n. 生态；生态学 11．___________n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 12．___________vt. 过度使用；滥用 13．___________n. 百万 14．___________n. 温室，暖房 15．___________n. 题目，标题 16．___________n. 海浪；波涛 17．___________vi.&vt. 逃离；逃避 18．___________n. 档案，卷宗 19．___________n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 20．___________n. 灵魂 21．___________adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 22．___________n. 边缘 23．___________n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 24．___________n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 25．___________n．&vt. 营救；救援 26．___________n. 交通工具，车辆 27．___________vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 28．___________vt. 估量，衡量；测量 29．___________adv. 在海外，在外国 30．___________n. 场所，地点 31．___________n. 过程，进程 32．___________n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 33．___________n. 职责，义务；责任 34．___________vt. 实施；进行；执行 vi.&vt. 指挥 35．___________n. 灯 36．___________adv. 附近 37．___________n. 上校；队长；组长 38．___________adj. 极地的，地极的 39．___________n. 洲，大洲；大陆 40．___________n. 避难所 41．___________n. 金属 拓展单词 1．___________n．旱灾，干旱→___________adj.干的；干燥的；口渴的 2．___________n．爆发→___________vi.(火山)爆发，喷发 3．___________adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→___________n．人群vt.挤满；使拥挤 4．___________vt.使震惊；使难以置信→___________adj.惊愕的，震惊的→___________adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的 5．___________vi.&vt.活下来；幸存→___________n．幸存→___________n．幸存者 6．___________adj.潮汐的，潮水的→___________n．潮汐 7．___________n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→___________adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 8．___________adj.受惊的，害怕的→___________n．害怕→___________vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬→___________adj.令人害怕的，令人恐惧的 9．___________adj.好奇的→___________adv.好奇地→___________n．好奇，好奇心 10．_________n．观察；观察结果→___________vt.观察；注意→___________n．观察者；评论者；遵守者 11．___________adj.相等的；相同的→___________n．相等；平等→___________adv.平等地；相等地 12．___________n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图→___________adj.未遂的 13．___________vt.打断讲话→___________n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 14．___________n．死，死亡→___________vi.死亡，去世→___________adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 15．___________n．丧失；死亡→___________vt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费→___________adj.丢失的，迷路的 16．___________n．伤害，损伤，损害→___________adj.造成破坏的；有害的；损害的→___________adj.损坏的，受损的 17．___________n．行动，活动；手术；操作→___________vt.&vi.操作；动手术；经营，管理→___________n．操作员；经营者；行家 18．___________n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→___________vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历→___________n．受难者；患者；被害者 19．___________n．保护；防护→___________vt.保护；防护 20．___________vi.&vt.呼吸→___________n．呼吸 21．___________n．灰尘；尘埃→___________adj.满是灰尘的，落满灰尘的 22．___________n．探险者；勘察者→___________v．考察，探险→___________n．探险；探索 23．___________n．预备，准备→___________vt.预备，准备→___________adj.有准备的；经过调制的 24. ___________n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地→___________n．基础；基点→___________adj.基本的，基础的→___________adv.基本上，从根本上说 25．___________adv.焦虑地；不安地→___________adj.焦虑的，不安的→___________n．焦虑；担心；渴望 26．___________n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→___________adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的 27．___________adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→___________vi.&vt.欢呼；喝彩；加油n．欢呼声，喝彩声 28．___________vt.证明；证实→___________n．证据，证明adj.防……的 29．___________adj.久远的；遥远的→___________n．距离 30．___________n．坦诚；诚实，正直→___________adj.诚实的 31．___________n．真诚，真挚，诚实→___________adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地→___________adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 32．___________n．勇气；勇敢的行为→___________adj.勇敢的；无畏的vt.勇敢面对；经受(困难) 33．___________adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→___________vi.变化→___________n．种类；多样性→___________adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 34．___________adj.可怕的→___________vt.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→___________adj.恐惧的；害怕的 35．___________adj.无害的→___________vt.&n.伤害，损害→___________adj.有害的，导致损害的 36．___________n．滑雪运动→___________n．滑雪板vi.滑雪 37．___________n．独创性；创造力→___________n．起源；源头；身世，出身→___________vi.&vt.发源；产生，来自；发明，创作→___________adj.独创的，原始的；开始的→___________adv.原先，最初 38．___________n．消亡；消失→___________vi.消失，不见→___________vi.出现；显得→___________n．出现；外貌，外观 阅读单词 1．landslide n. ___________ 2．volcanic adj. ___________ 3．weed n. ___________ 4．deer n. ___________ 5．insect n. ___________ 6．whale n. ___________ 7．dolphin n. ___________ 8．shark n. ___________ 9．kangaroo n. ___________ 10．eagle n. ___________ 11．fox n. ___________ 12．jungle n. ___________ 13．whirlpool n. ___________ 14．float vi. ___________ 15．descent n. ___________ 16．barrel n. ___________ 17．sledge n. ___________ 18．tent n. ___________ 19．brochure n. ___________ 20．aftershock n. ___________ 二、必备短语分组——抓落实 汉译英 1．___________ 被……覆盖 2．___________ 面对…… 3．___________ 因……而出名 4．___________ 在去往……的路上 5．___________ 停止运转，出故障 6．___________ 在……的历史上 7．___________ 由……组成 8．___________ 吸气 英译汉 9．as a result ___________ 10．in the direction of ___________ 11．on the edge of ___________ 12．ahead of schedule ___________ 13．leave for ___________ 14．turn one's back (on sb/sth) ___________ 15．run out ___________ 三、经典句式默背——积佳句 句型公式 1．as if引导状语从句 I felt sick, ______________________g from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 2．the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．.. The first, ___________ the bodies were, ___________ they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 3．the reason why...is that...句型 As you can see, _________________________________I made the right decision. 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 4．完全倒装 Then ____________________________________________． 接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 5．动词不定式作定语 Amundsen was the first ______________________on 8 September, 1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 单元美句 1．That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. 那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。 2．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. 斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。 (限时20分钟，满分50分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and ___________ (营救)the dying，devoting myself to my work. 2．___________ (气候)change is a global issue that requires immediate action from governments，industries，and individuals worldwide. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Since 1934，better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 ___________ (百万)acres of habitat. 4．Among consumers in China who intend to buy a new ___________ (交通工具)in the next six months，nearly one-fourth consider intelligent features as the most crucial factor. 5．(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the ___________ (野生生物)to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing. 6．We must ___________ (测量)the length and width of the room to get the exact size of it. 7．The whole food chain is affected by the___________ (滥用)of chemicals in agriculture. 8．After all，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，___________ (相等的)rights to survive. 9．They had brought the country to the edge of ___________ (灾难). 10．It is my___________ (责任) to report it to the police. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．Although China's domestic consumption enthusiasm during the seven-day holiday was restricted to some extent，some major tourist attractions were still___________ (crowd). 2．Out of___________ (curious)，she slid into the driver's seat to start the car，which was too dangerous. 3．Many young people are ___________ (ambition) to start a business and find financial security rather than work for others. 4．For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for ___________ (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 5．To reduce food ___________ (lose)，smart harvesting equipment and green storing techniques should be promoted. 6．More efforts are needed to improve the technological innovation system，strengthen the ___________ (protect) of intellectual property rights. 7．The old woman was ___________ (anxious) awaiting the safe return of her relatives. 8．We entered the castle，where we found a ___________ (cheer) old man sitting by the fire. 9．We will continue to strive for peaceful reunification with the greatest ___________ (sincere) and the utmost effort. 10．John held his___________ (breathe) and wondered what would happen next. Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) ahead of schedule，in the history of，turn one's back on，break down，be famous for，on the edge of，leave for，in the face of，be covered with，be made up of 1．How much of the Earth's surface ___________ water? 2．He was unable to deny the charges ___________new evidence. 3．Thanks to your help，we accomplished the task ___________． 4．The committee___________ representatives from all walks of life. 5．Tom packed his bags and ___________ France where he would get a new job. 6．It is reported that the company is in a severe financial crisis and is ___________ collapse. 7．We will make sure people can see bluer skies，greener mountains and clearer waters in Xinjiang，which ______________________ its grand beauty. 8．When the first train left Chongqing and traveled to Duisburg in Germany，it opened a new chapter______________________ international railway transportation. 9．Despite their history of friendship，she ______________________ her former colleague and refused to offer any assistance. 10．The old washing machine finally ______________________after years of use，and it was time to replace it. Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．他的一举一动好像他做了一件什么了不起的事似的。(as if) He acted___________ something great. 2．你提供的服务越好，得到的小费就越多。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..) ___________ you offer，___________you will get. 3．他哭的原因是他对结果非常失望。(the reason why...is that...) _________________________________ he was very disappointed at the result. 4．然后最激动人心的时刻到来了。(完全倒装句) Then ______________________． 5．我们的祖先最先发明了火药。(动词不定式作定语) Our forefathers were the first______________________． 四、学以致用 写作微练 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．昨天我参加了一个讲座，题目为“Wildlife In Danger”。 Yesterday I ___________whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”． 2．教授说人类在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。 The professor said that human beings were to blame ___________． 3．众所周知，我们正过度使用化石燃料，这导致了温室效应。 As we all know，we ___________，which leads to ___________． 4．我们正在占领更多的土地，因此数以百万计的生物不得不逃离其原始栖息地。其中一些甚至濒临灭绝。 We are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to ______________________．Some of them are even______________________． 5．化学品污染土壤、河流和海洋。看到死鱼漂浮在水面上真令人震惊。讲座深深地触动了我们的心灵。 Chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans.It is shocking _________________________________．The lecture _________________________________． 6．后来，我们对这次讲座发表了积极的评论，并决定为野生动物保护尽自己的一份力量。 Afterwards，we ______________________，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. 第二步学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Yesterday I attended a lecture whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”．The professor said that human beings were to blame to a great extent. As we all know，we are overusing fossil fuels，which leads to greenhouse effect. Besides，we are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to escape from their original habitats. Some of them are even on the edge of extinction. In addition，chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans. It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river. The lecture touched our soul deeply. Afterwards，we made positive comments on this lecture，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(害羞) 1. 好词好句输入 单 词 shy害羞的；coy害羞的，腼腆的；timid胆怯的，羞怯的；bashful害羞的，羞怯的；reserved矜持的，内向的，寡言少语的；retiring不爱与人交往的；afraid害怕的；blushing脸红的；coward懦夫，胆小鬼；shyness害羞；timidity胆怯，胆小 短 语 be reluctant to speak up不愿意表达；avoid eye contact避免眼神接触；make eye contact with sb和某人进行眼神交流；feel uncomfortable in the spotlight在聚光灯下感到不舒服；be afraid to do sth害怕做某事，不敢做某事；shy away from(因害怕或信心不足而)回避，躲避；interact with sb和某人交往；long for渴望……；hold sb's hand tightly紧紧地抓着某人的手 句 子 ※She crossed her arms in front of her chest，as if trying to create a protective shield against her shyness.她将双臂交叉在胸前，似乎试图为自己的害羞制造一个保护罩。 ※He had a faint smile，almost as if he was afraid to show too much emotion because of his shyness.他微微一笑，似乎因为害羞而不敢表现出太多的情绪。 ※The racing heartbeat and sweaty palms were signs of her deep-seated shyness whenever she had to speak in public. 每当她不得不在公共场合讲话时，心跳加速、手掌出汗都是她内心深处羞涩的信号。 ※He avoided making eye contact and kept his gaze fixed on the ground. 他避免眼神交流，眼睛盯着地面。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助环境描写烘托人物害羞的心理。 ①小女孩躲在母亲身后，不敢与任何人进行眼神交流。(afraid) The little girl hid behind her mother，______________________． ②她在陌生的环境中感到不舒服，紧紧地抓住母亲的手。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，______________________． ③她渴望与人交往，但害羞使她望而却步。(interact) She ______________________，but her shyness held her back. ④这感觉就像一只被困在笼子里的小鸟，渴望自信地飞翔，却无法逃离笼子。(过去分词短语作定语) It felt like a tiny bird ______________________，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage. ⑤随着时间的推移，她的羞涩逐渐消退，她开始敞开心扉，展现出真实、快乐的自己。(shyness) As time passed，______________________，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 The little girl hid behind her mother，afraid to make eye contact with anyone. She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，holding her mother's hand tightly. However，she was eager to interact with others，but her shyness held her back. It felt like a tiny bird trapped inside her cage，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage. As time passed，her shyness gradually faded，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（北师大版2019） 专题05（讲案）必修二Unit 5 Humans and nature （词汇精讲+熟词新意+词形转换+写作迁移）解析版 目录 一、核心考点 精讲精练 二、链接高考 查漏补缺 三、夯实双基 分层推进 四、学以致用 写作微练 一、核心考点 精讲精练 Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量(的人或事物)v．大量涌入；充满 (1)a flood of 一大批的，大量的 in flood 在泛滥 (2)flood in 涌进(不及物动词短语) flood into 涌进……(及物动词短语) be flooded with 充满……　　 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/读后续写之回忆往事 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. n.大批，大量 ②The river had burst its banks and flooded the farms. vt.淹没 ③(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. ④As soon as the doors opened，people started to flood in to get the best seats for the concert. ⑤The heavy rain caused the river to overflow，and the nearby town was flooded (flood) with water. ⑥我一看到照片，甜蜜的回忆立马就涌了进来。 The sweet memories immediately flooded in as soon as I saw the photos. shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 (派生词：①shocked adj.震惊的　②shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的) (1)in shock 震惊地；吃惊地 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked at 对……感到震惊　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之震惊 ①To my great shock，I discovered that my best friend had been lying to me for years. ②(2020·天津卷)Jones was shocked (shock)when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated. ③(2020·北京卷)Tom has since reported the shocking (shock) findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma(哮喘). ④我震惊地望着他，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。 I looked at him in shock，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. [中国元素] I was shocked at the fast-paced development and modernization of Chinese cities，with towering skyscrapers and advanced technologies that surpassed my expectations.我对中国城市的快节奏发展和现代化感到震惊，那里有高耸的摩天大楼和超出我预期的先进技术。 escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避 (1)escape (doing) sth 逃避(做)某事，避免(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱/逃走 escape sb's attention/notice 疏忽，没注意到 (2)There's no escaping the fact that... 无法回避的事实是……　　 赏句猜义/单句语法填空/应用文写作之健康生活 ①I bumped into an old classmate at the supermarket，but her name escaped me，causing an awkward pause. vt.被忘掉 ②It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day. ③With the help of the firefighters，the woman and her three children managed to escape from the burning house. ④The thief tiptoed into the room to escape (escape) being found by the host. ⑤无法回避的事实是工作对情绪和健康有着深远的影响。 There's no escaping the fact that work has profound effects on emotions and health. survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存 (派生词：①survival n．幸存　②survivor n．幸存者) (1)survive sth 幸免于……，从……中艰难度过 (2)survive on sth 依靠……生活 (3)survive sb(by...years) 比……活得长(……年)　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之升华句 ①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived (survive) China's long history. ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival (survive) of our natural resources. ③After getting lost in the wilderness，he had to rely on his survival skills to survive on limited resources until help arrived. ④It is reported that the non-smokers survive smokers by 10 years on average. ⑤生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. [真题衔接]⑥(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)为了在森林中生存，动物们必须爬、跳或飞穿过森林的缝隙。 To survive in the forest，animals must climb，jump or fly across the gaps. frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 (派生词：①frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬　②fright n．害怕　③frightening adj.令人害怕的，可怕的) (1)be frightened of 害怕…… be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 被吓坏了 (2)frighten sb into/out of doing sth 吓唬某人做/不做某事　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之恐惧 ①(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)He kicked it wide open，finding a frightened (frighten) woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. ②The sound of thunder and the sight of lightning flashing across the sky was truly frightening (frighten)，making me tremble with fear. ③He was frightened to jump (jump) off the diving board，as he had a fear of heights and was unsure if he could handle the height. ④Whenever she thought of the accident，she was trembling with fright (frighten). ⑤The robbers frightened the old man into giving them all the money he had. ⑥一道亮光闪过，孩子们如此害怕以至于他们尖叫起来。 A bright light flashed by，and the children were so frightened that they screamed. [名师点津]“动词＋sb＋into /out of doing sth”的常见动词集锦还有：persuade/talk/argue sb into/ out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事；cheat/force sb into doing sth欺骗/迫使某人做某事。 [中国元素] Ye Gong，who was known for loving dragons，was very frightened at the sight of real dragon in the sky.叶公以爱龙闻名，一看到天上的真龙却非常害怕。 curious adj.好奇的 (派生词：①curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品　②curiously adv.好奇地) (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 很想做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy sb's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之邀请信 ①(2021·浙江卷)Even during his last few years，he always had a sense of curiosity (curious)，wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. ②Both of the girl's parents were curious to know (know) where their daughter had gone. ③She picked up the red envelope and turned it over curiously (curious)，wondering what was inside it. ④如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或关心它的未来，你一定不要错过这个绝佳的机会！ If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity! [中国元素] With the fast development of China，more and more foreigners are so curious about China that they come here and most of them can't help falling in love with it.随着中国的快速发展，越来越多的外国人对中国如此好奇，因此他们来到这里，大多数人都情不自禁地爱上了中国。 equal adj.相等的；相同的(派生词：①equality n．相等；平等　②equally adv.平等地；相等地) (1)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面比得过/敌得过某人/某物 be equal to (doing) sth 等于；能胜任(做)某事 on equal terms (with sb) (和某人)平等相处；(和某人)地位相等 (2)be without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之人生启示 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally (equal) contact and share with one another. ②In a healthy relationship，there should be a foundation of equality (equal) and mutual respect，where both partners value and support each other's opinions and decisions. ③I don't think Peter is equal to transporting (transport) these valuable goods，because he is not careful enough. ④凯瑟琳也得到了一个重要的人生启示：每个人都应被平等地对待，无论他或她有多特别。 Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was. [中国元素] The concept of “ren” in Confucianism highlights the importance of treating others as equals，regardless of social status.儒家“仁”的理念强调了平等对待他人的重要性，而不考虑社会地位。 trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中n．圈套 (1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入做某事的圈套　　 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped (trap). ②Seven people who were trapped in a coal mine roof collapse were all rescued on Friday，rescuers said. ③He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract，which obviously was not equal to him. ④Don't fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place. ⑤Though she was trapped in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued. →Though trapped in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued.(动词-ed形式短语作状语) [中国元素] In the famous story “The Legend of the White Snake”, the monk Fahai uses his spiritual powers to trap the White Snake in a pagoda，separating her from her human husband.在著名的故事《白蛇传》中，法海和尚用他的法力将白蛇困在一座塔中，使她与她的人类丈夫分开。 attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图(派生词：attempted adj.未遂的) (1)attempt to do sth 试图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth 试图做某事 at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试　 　单句语法填空/应用文写作之劝慰信 ①(2021·全国乙卷)One afternoon，while attempting to get (get) into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. ②She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test at the first attempt. ③The man was put into prison last night，charged with attempted (attempt) murder. ④(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control (control) the world they lived in，through agriculture. ⑤如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。 If you fail at the/your first attempt，there is no need to care about that. [真题衔接]⑥(2023·全国乙卷)我经常提前离开，寻找合适的目的地，并尽早设置好摄影装备，以避免错过我企图拍摄的时刻。 I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. measure vt.估量，衡量；测量n．尺寸；措施 (1)measure...by... 用……来衡量…… (2)make...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做(衣服等) in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 (3)take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之乐于助人 ①Success shouldn't be measured (measure) only by how much money you have. ②The government has taken measures to bring (bring) down the high prices of house. ③I guess this coat is not made to my measure, because it is too large for me. ④The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one, will be completed next month. ⑤To her relief, her kindness and generosity were repaid to her in full measure． 令她欣慰的是，她的善良和慷慨得到了最大程度的回报。 [真题衔接]⑥中国学校已采取措施将书法和绘画等传统艺术纳入课程之中。 Chinese schools have taken measures to incorporate traditional arts，such as calligraphy and painting，into their curriculum. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸 (派生词：①breath n．呼吸　②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的) (1)breathe in 吸气 breathe out 呼气 breathe v．将(生气、信心或兴奋等)注入 breathe (new) life into sth (给某事物)带来起色，注入活力 (2)take a deep breath 深吸一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地　 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our breath (breathe)，Steve got down on one knee. ②The city is seeking to breathe life into its tourism industry and make such development more sustainable by holding more folk music activities. ③The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly. ④母亲深吸了一口气，用手指抚摸着凌乱的头发，困惑地看着我的眼睛。 Mother took a deep breath，ran her fingers through her messy hair and looked into my eyes with a puzzled look. ⑤比赛结果公布时，队员们屏住呼吸，希望能听到自己球队的名字。 As the results were announced，the players held their breath，hoping to hear their team's name. [中国元素] The fragrant smell of steaming dumplings filled the air，making my mouth water and taking my breath away.空气中弥漫着香气扑鼻的蒸饺味道，使我的口水直流，令我陶醉其中。 base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地 (派生词：①basis n．基础；基点；基准　②basic adj.基本的，基础的　③basically adv.大体上；基本上；总的说来；从根本上说) (1)base...on/upon... 把……置于……基础之上 be based on 以……为基础/根据 (2)on the basis of 以/根据……为基础 on a regular basis 经常地　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之语言学习 ①You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research instead of personal experience. ②(2021·浙江卷)We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based (base) on a simple cue，such as the sight of teeth. ③(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a regular basis. ④The training program focused on teaching the basic (base) skills needed for effective communication. ⑤China has been making greater efforts to transform its agricultural and food system，and has basically (basic) achieved self-sufficiency in food. ⑥根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。 Based on my own experience，learning English online is really a great way for English learners. ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿(派生词：ambitious adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的) (1)achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的夙愿/抱负；如愿以偿 an ambition to do sth/of doing sth 做某事的追求/理想/抱负　　 (2)be ambitious to do sth 一心想做某事　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之人物介绍 ①His ambition to work (work) as a lawyer is likely to be realized in the near future. ②My brother's ambition is to become (become) a pilot after graduation. ③(2020·天津卷)Galileo was not merely ambitious (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. ④在一个小镇长大，她想成为一名著名女演员的雄心似乎是一个遥远的梦想，但她的天赋和毅力最终使她取得了成功。 Growing up in a small town，her ambition to become a famous actress seemed like a distant dream，but her talent and perseverance eventually led her to success. [名师点津] ambition作主语时，常用动词不定式形式作表语。 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 as if引导状语从句 as if＝as though意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或状语从句。 (1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。 (2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： ①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)； ②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； ③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 (3)as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词。　　 [教材原句]　I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①她对待这个可怜的男孩就像他是她自己的孩子一样。 She treats the poor boy as if he were her own child． ②打破窗户的是约翰。你为什么跟我说话，好像我做的一样？ It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? ③他盯着我看，好像是第一次看到我似的。 He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. ④当我走进来时，每个人都在看着我，这让我突然觉得好像我做错了什么似的。 When I walked in，everyone was looking at me，which made me suddenly feel as though/if I had done something wrong． the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．.. (1)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型，意为“越……，就越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化； (2)前一个“the＋比较级．..”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)，后一个“the＋比较级．..”通常相当于主句； (3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，be常省略。　　[教材原句]　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一，物体越大，下落得越快。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①走在一条泥土路上的时候，天越黑我越害怕。 While I was walking on the dirt path，the darker it was，the more frightened I was. ②志愿者越多，居民面临的困难就越少。 The more volunteers there are，the fewer difficulties residents will face. ③祖国越强大，人们就越幸福。 The more powerful our motherland is，the happier people will be. ④她越想这事，就变得越沮丧。 The more she thought about it，the more depressed she became. Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 1．living adj.活的，活着的 [对点微练]——选词填空(living，alive，lively，live) ①He has been missing for a long time. No one knows whether he is dead or alive． ②She's a lively child and popular with everyone. ③He is considered as the greatest living artist. ④I love their music，but I've never seen their live performance. 2．protection n．保护；防护→protect vt.保护，防护→protective adj.防护的，保护的；(对人)关切保护的，爱护的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①It is important to use sunscreen to protect your skin from being damaged (damage) by the sun. ②The helmet provided an extra layer of protection (protect) for the cyclist's head during the race. ③The company has adopted various protective (protect) measures to safeguard the personal information of its customers. 3．death n．死，死亡→die vi.死亡，去世→dead adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The famous actor died (die) of a heart attack while filming his latest movie. ②The neighborhood seemed dead (die) at night，with no signs of activity or people. ③The news of his death (die) came as a shock to everyone who knew him. 4．Loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费→lost adj.丢失的，迷路的 [对点微练]——单句语法填空 ①The sudden loss (lose) of her job left her feeling anxious and uncertain about the future. ②The town has lost (lose) half of its population in the past ten years as people moved to bigger cities. ③The lost (lose) dog was reunited with its owner thanks to the help of social media. Ⅱ.一词多义 1．lecture [对点微练]——选出lecture的含义 A．n.讲座　B．n.训斥，谴责　C．vi.作演讲；讲课 D．vt.斥责，告诫 ①He began to lecture us about making too much noise. D ②She travelled widely in North America，lecturing on women's rights. C ③My father caught me and gave me a long lecture about the dangers of drink. B ④Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. A 2．wave [对点微练]——选出wave的含义 A．n.海浪；波涛　B．n.波　C．vt.挥动 ①At night，I listened to the sound of the waves breaking against the shore. A ②We had some difficulties，but we were determined to accomplish our task and wave our national flag in outer space no matter what happened. C ③(2020·天津卷)Well，it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. B 3．title n．标题，题目 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①(熟词生义)The title will be officially given to him at a ceremony in London. n.头衔 ②(熟词生义)He became the country's first Olympic gold medalist when he won the 400m title in 1948.n.冠军 ③The title of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it. n.标题，题目 4．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①The operation could prolong his life by two or three years. n.手术 ②Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine. n.操作 ③The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers. n.行动 5．observe vt.观察；注意 [对点微练]——赏句猜义 ①(熟词生义)Anyone who comes here must observe the social distancing rules and wear a mask.vt.遵守 ②Last weekend，our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals. vt.观察 ③Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face. vt.注意到 ④(熟词生义)Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival. vt.庆祝 Ⅰ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas，which are on loan from China. n.大批，大量(的人或事物) 2．(2023·全国乙卷)By winning the Olympic all-around title，she became the first black woman to do so. n.冠军 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. n.陷阱 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Once the registration form is received and processed，we will send a confirmation email within two business days. vt.审核 Ⅱ.词汇拓展——写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思 1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). n.生态学家 掌握规律·词汇拓展 ecology n．生态；生态学→ecologist n．生态学家，生态学者→ecological adj.生态的；生态学的 2．(2019·天津卷)By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. adj.神秘的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 3．(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media，inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.adj.不间断的，持续不断的 掌握规律·词汇拓展 interrupt vt.打断讲话→interrupted adj.被中断的→uninterrupted adj.不间断的；持续不断的；不受阻挡的→interruption n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 Ⅲ.长难句剖析 1. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. 自主剖析：本句为主从复合句。动词-ing形式短语working in the garden作主句的主语；many of whom引导定语从句，修饰Jaramillo's special education students。 尝试翻译：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you're lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 自主剖析：本句为but连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，If引导条件状语从句，where引导的宾语从句作介词near的宾语；后面的分句中，it作形式主语，不定式短语to find places in a city作真正的主语，that引导的定语从句修饰名词city。 尝试翻译：如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是不寻常的。 Ⅳ.写作佳句回眸练 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫坚持要跑，好像他忘记了他所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。 David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses，though he tripped over within a few kilometers. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)你在任何一个国家待的时间越多，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。 The more time you spend in any given country，the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. Ⅴ.单元新情境创新应用 用所给单词的正确形式填空或填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇) It was a hot summer. Some junior school boys were playing near a river where they felt very curious 1.about the stones on the bottom of the river. One recommended they pick some of the stones and they could swim 2.to fight (fight) against the heat at the same time. The others agreed. Soon after they swam in the river，3.a disastrous thing happened. One boy 4.was drowned (drown) in the deep part. The other boys felt very frightened. Then they began to swim to him，5.attempting (attempt) to save him. 6.Unfortunately (unfortunate)，they failed. At that moment，a young man 7.who/that was passing by observed the boys struggling in the water，without 8.thinking (think)，the man jumped into the river. He saved the boys one by one. Though he felt very exhausted，he felt very 9.satisfied (satisfy) because no one died. When the villagers arrived，they praised the young man for his 10.bravery (brave)，but he walked away without saying who he was. 三、夯实双基 分层推进 核心单词 1．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 2．flood n. 洪水，水灾 3．hurricane n. 飓风 4．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 5．comment n. 评论；意见 6．landscape n. 风景，景色 7．living adj. 活的，活着的 8．soil n. 土壤 9．climate n. 气候 10．ecology n. 生态；生态学 11．lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 12．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 13．million n. 百万 14．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 15．title n. 题目，标题 16．wave n. 海浪；波涛 17．escape vi.&vt. 逃离；逃避 18．file n. 档案，卷宗 19．poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 20．soul n. 灵魂 21．horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 22．edge n. 边缘 23．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 24．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 25．rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援 26．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 27．trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 28．measure vt. 估量，衡量；测量 29．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 30．site n. 场所，地点 31．process n. 过程，进程 32．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 33．duty n. 职责，义务；责任 34．conduct vt. 实施；进行；执行 vi.&vt. 指挥 35．lamp n. 灯 36．nearby adv. 附近 37．captain n. 上校；队长；组长 38．polar adj. 极地的，地极的 39．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 40．shelter n. 避难所 41．metal n. 金属 拓展单词 1．drought n．旱灾，干旱→dry adj.干的；干燥的；口渴的 2．eruption n．爆发→erupt vi.(火山)爆发，喷发 3．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→crowd n．人群vt.挤满；使拥挤 4．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.惊愕的，震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的；令人愤慨的；不道德的 5．survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者 6．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的→tide n．潮汐 7．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的，不可思议的，难解的 8．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→fright n．害怕→frighten vt.使吃惊；惊吓，吓唬→frightening adj.令人害怕的，令人恐惧的 9．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇，好奇心 10．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe vt.观察；注意→observer n．观察者；评论者；遵守者 11．equal adj.相等的；相同的→equality n．相等；平等→equally adv.平等地；相等地 12．attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图→attempted adj.未遂的 13．interrupt vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打扰，干扰；中止；阻碍 14．death n．死，死亡→die vi.死亡，去世→dead adj.死的；无趣的，无生气的 15．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.丧失；遗失；错过；浪费→lost adj.丢失的，迷路的 16．damage n．伤害，损伤，损害→damaging adj.造成破坏的；有害的；损害的→damaged adj.损坏的，受损的 17．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate vt.&vi.操作；动手术；经营，管理→operator n．操作员；经营者；行家 18．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历→sufferer n．受难者；患者；被害者 19．protection n．保护；防护→protect vt.保护；防护 20．breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸 21．dust n．灰尘；尘埃→dusty adj.满是灰尘的，落满灰尘的 22．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．考察，探险→exploration n．探险；探索 23．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare vt.预备，准备→prepared adj.有准备的；经过调制的 24. base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地→basis n．基础；基点→basic adj.基本的，基础的→basically adv.基本上，从根本上说 25．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望 26．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.抱负不凡的，有野心的，雄心勃勃的 27．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer vi.&vt.欢呼；喝彩；加油n．欢呼声，喝彩声 28．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据，证明adj.防……的 29．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．距离 30．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的 31．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地→sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 32．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的vt.勇敢面对；冒(风险)；经受(困难) 33．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→vary vi.变化→variety n．种类；多样性→various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 34．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的→scare vt.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的 35．harmless adj.无害的→harm vt.&n.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的 36．skiing n．滑雪运动→ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪 37．originality n．独创性；创造力→origin n．起源；源头；身世，出身→originate vi.&vt.发源；产生，来自；发明，创作→original adj.独创的，原始的；原来的，开始的→originally adv.原先，最初 38．disappearance n．消亡；消失→disappear vi.消失，不见→appear vi.出现；显得→appearance n．出现；外貌，外观 阅读单词 1．landslide n. 滑坡；塌方 2．volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的 3．weed n. 野草；海藻 4．deer n. 鹿 5．insect n. 昆虫 6．whale n. 鲸 7．dolphin n. 海豚 8．shark n. 鲨(鱼) 9．kangaroo n. 袋鼠 10．eagle n. 鹰 11．fox n. 狐狸 12．jungle n. (热带)丛林 13．whirlpool n. 漩涡 14．float vi. 浮；漂 15．descent n. 下降，下落 16．barrel n. 桶 17．sledge n. 雪橇 18．tent n. 帐篷 19．brochure n. 小册子 20．aftershock n. (地震的)余震 二、必备短语分组——抓落实 汉译英 1．be covered with 被……覆盖 2．in the face of 面对…… 3．be famous for 因……而出名 4．on the way to 在去往……的路上 5．break down 停止运转，出故障 6．in the history of 在……的历史上 7．be made up of 由……组成 8．breathe in 吸气 英译汉 9．as a result 结果，因此 10．in the direction of 朝……的方向 11．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 12．ahead of schedule 提前，先于预定时间 13．leave for 动身去…… 14．turn one's back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 15．run out 用完；耗尽 三、经典句式默背——积佳句 1．as if引导状语从句 I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 2．the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．.. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 3．the reason why...is that...句型 As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 4．完全倒装 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter． 接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 5．动词不定式作定语 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。 单元美句 1．That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. 那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。 2．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. 斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。 (限时20分钟，满分50分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每空1分，共10分) 1．In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue (营救)the dying，devoting myself to my work. 2．Climate (气候)change is a global issue that requires immediate action from governments，industries，and individuals worldwide. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Since 1934，better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million (百万)acres of habitat. 4．Among consumers in China who intend to buy a new vehicle (交通工具)in the next six months，nearly one-fourth consider intelligent features as the most crucial factor. 5．(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the wildlife (野生生物)to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing. 6．We must measure (测量)the length and width of the room to get the exact size of it. 7．The whole food chain is affected by the overuse (滥用)of chemicals in agriculture. 8．After all，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal (相等的)rights to survive. 9．They had brought the country to the edge of disaster (灾难). 10．It is my duty(责任) to report it to the police. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．Although China's domestic consumption enthusiasm during the seven-day holiday was restricted to some extent，some major tourist attractions were still crowded (crowd). 2．Out of curiosity (curious)，she slid into the driver's seat to start the car，which was too dangerous. 3．Many young people are ambitious (ambition) to start a business and find financial security rather than work for others. 4．For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 5．To reduce food loss (lose)，smart harvesting equipment and green storing techniques should be promoted. 6．More efforts are needed to improve the technological innovation system，strengthen the protection (protect) of intellectual property rights. 7．The old woman was anxiously (anxious) awaiting the safe return of her relatives. 8．We entered the castle，where we found a cheerful (cheer) old man sitting by the fire. 9．We will continue to strive for peaceful reunification with the greatest sincerity (sincere) and the utmost effort. 10．John held his breath (breathe) and wondered what would happen next. Ⅲ.短语填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) ahead of schedule，in the history of，turn one's back on，break down，be famous for，on the edge of，leave for，in the face of，be covered with，be made up of 1．How much of the Earth's surface is covered with water? 2．He was unable to deny the charges in the face of new evidence. 3．Thanks to your help，we accomplished the task ahead of schedule． 4．The committee is made up of representatives from all walks of life. 5．Tom packed his bags and left for France where he would get a new job. 6．It is reported that the company is in a severe financial crisis and is on the edge of collapse. 7．We will make sure people can see bluer skies，greener mountains and clearer waters in Xinjiang，which is famous for its grand beauty. 8．When the first train left Chongqing and traveled to Duisburg in Germany，it opened a new chapter in the history of international railway transportation. 9．Despite their history of friendship，she turned her back on her former colleague and refused to offer any assistance. 10．The old washing machine finally broke down after years of use，and it was time to replace it. Ⅳ.经典句式仿写(每小题2分，共10分) 1．他的一举一动好像他做了一件什么了不起的事似的。(as if) He acted as if he had done something great. 2．你提供的服务越好，得到的小费就越多。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..) The better service you offer，the more tips you will get. 3．他哭的原因是他对结果非常失望。(the reason why...is that...) The reason why he cried is that he was very disappointed at the result. 4．然后最激动人心的时刻到来了。(完全倒装句) Then came the most exciting moment． 5．我们的祖先最先发明了火药。(动词不定式作定语) Our forefathers were the first to invent gunpowder． 四、学以致用 写作微练 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 第一步　练表达——亮出文采 使用本单元所学知识完成下列句子 1．昨天我参加了一个讲座，题目为“Wildlife In Danger”。 Yesterday I attended a lecture whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”． 2．教授说人类在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。 The professor said that human beings were to blame to a great extent． 3．众所周知，我们正过度使用化石燃料，这导致了温室效应。 As we all know，we are overusing fossil fuels，which leads to greenhouse effect． 4．我们正在占领更多的土地，因此数以百万计的生物不得不逃离其原始栖息地。其中一些甚至濒临灭绝。 We are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to escape from their original habitats．Some of them are even on the edge of extinction． 5．化学品污染土壤、河流和海洋。看到死鱼漂浮在水面上真令人震惊。讲座深深地触动了我们的心灵。 Chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans. It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river．The lecture touched our soul deeply． 6．后来，我们对这次讲座发表了积极的评论，并决定为野生动物保护尽自己的一份力量。 Afterwards，we made positive comments on this lecture，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. 第二步学逻辑——完美成篇 运用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Yesterday I attended a lecture whose title was “Wildlife In Danger”．The professor said that human beings were to blame to a great extent. As we all know，we are overusing fossil fuels，which leads to greenhouse effect. Besides，we are occupying more lands，so millions of living creatures have to escape from their original habitats. Some of them are even on the edge of extinction. In addition，chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans. It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river. The lecture touched our soul deeply. Afterwards，we made positive comments on this lecture，and decided to do our parts for wildlife protection. Ⅱ.读后续写提能练(害羞) 1. 好词好句输入 单 词 shy害羞的；coy害羞的，腼腆的；timid胆怯的，羞怯的；bashful害羞的，羞怯的；reserved矜持的，内向的，寡言少语的；retiring不爱与人交往的；afraid害怕的；blushing脸红的；coward懦夫，胆小鬼；shyness害羞；timidity胆怯，胆小 短 语 be reluctant to speak up不愿意表达；avoid eye contact避免眼神接触；make eye contact with sb和某人进行眼神交流；feel uncomfortable in the spotlight在聚光灯下感到不舒服；be afraid to do sth害怕做某事，不敢做某事；shy away from(因害怕或信心不足而)回避，躲避；interact with sb和某人交往；long for渴望……；hold sb's hand tightly紧紧地抓着某人的手 句 子 ※She crossed her arms in front of her chest，as if trying to create a protective shield against her shyness.她将双臂交叉在胸前，似乎试图为自己的害羞制造一个保护罩。 ※He had a faint smile，almost as if he was afraid to show too much emotion because of his shyness.他微微一笑，似乎因为害羞而不敢表现出太多的情绪。 ※The racing heartbeat and sweaty palms were signs of her deep-seated shyness whenever she had to speak in public. 每当她不得不在公共场合讲话时，心跳加速、手掌出汗都是她内心深处羞涩的信号。 ※He avoided making eye contact and kept his gaze fixed on the ground. 他避免眼神交流，眼睛盯着地面。 2.写作战场输出 (1)利用修辞手法和高级句式并借助环境描写烘托人物害羞的心理。 ①小女孩躲在母亲身后，不敢与任何人进行眼神交流。(afraid) The little girl hid behind her mother，afraid to make eye contact with anyone． ②她在陌生的环境中感到不舒服，紧紧地抓住母亲的手。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，holding her mother's hand tightly． ③她渴望与人交往，但害羞使她望而却步。(interact) She was eager to interact with others，but her shyness held her back. ④这感觉就像一只被困在笼子里的小鸟，渴望自信地飞翔，却无法逃离笼子。(过去分词短语作定语) It felt like a tiny bird trapped inside her cage，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage. ⑤随着时间的推移，她的羞涩逐渐消退，她开始敞开心扉，展现出真实、快乐的自己。(shyness) As time passed，her shyness gradually faded，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. (2)将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 The little girl hid behind her mother，afraid to make eye contact with anyone. She felt uncomfortable in the unfamiliar surroundings，holding her mother's hand tightly. However，she was eager to interact with others，but her shyness held her back. It felt like a tiny bird trapped inside her cage，longing to fly confidently but unable to escape its cage. As time passed，her shyness gradually faded，and she began to open up，showing her true，joyful self. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$