2025届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解CD篇汇编全解

2025届高考英语阅读理解CD篇精讲精练70篇（一） 目录 01 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷） 02 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考II卷） 03 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷） 04 湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2024届高三下学期五月高考适应性考试 05 湖北省武汉市部分学校2024届高三下学期五月模拟训练题 06 山东省济南市2024届高考针对性训练（三模） 07 湖北省武汉市武昌区 2024届高三年级5月质量检测 08 Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2024届高三第三次联考 09 福建省厦门市2024届高三毕业班第四次质量检测 10 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第三次适应性考试（三模） 11 江苏省南京市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试（三模） 12 江苏省南通等苏北八市2024届高三第三次调研测试（三模） 13 南京师大附中，杭州二中、长郡中学三校2024届高三4月联考 14 江苏省苏锡常镇四市2024届高三年级教学情况调研二（二模） 15 山东省2024届名校考试联盟4月高考模拟考试（济南二模） 16 山东省潍坊市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试 17 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生四月调研考试 18 广东省深圳市2024届高三年级第二次调研考试 19 湖北省2024届高三4月调研模拟考试 20 浙江省金华市十校2024届高三下学期4月模拟考试（二模） 21 湖南省新高考教学教研联盟2024届高三下学期第二次联考试卷 22 浙江省绍兴市2024届高三高考科目考试适应性试卷（二模） 23 江苏省南通如皋市2024届高三4月第二次适应性考试（2.5模） 24 河北省衡水中学2024届高三下学期二调考试 25 浙江省嘉兴市2024届高三下学期4月教学测试（二模） 26 福建省九地市2024届高中毕业班第二次质量检测（二模） 27 浙江省杭州市2024届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模） 28 浙江省9+1高中联盟2024届高三3月高考模拟卷 29 山东省济南市2024届高三3月模拟考试（一模） 30 浙江省五校联盟2024届3月联考 31 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第二次适应性考试（二模） 32 江苏省南京市盐城市2024届高三年级第二次模拟考试 33 江苏省苏锡常镇四市2024届高三年级教学情况调研（一模） 34 广东省广州市2024届高三普通高中毕业班综合测试一（一模） 35 江苏省南通市等苏北七市2024届高三第二次调研测试（二模） 2025届高考英语阅读理解CD篇精讲精练70篇(一) 01 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷） C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. D In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 02 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考II卷） C We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器)to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer's markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF's major strengths. B. BMF's general management. C. BMF's global influence. D. BMF's technical standards. D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 03 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷） C The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 28.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. D “I didn't like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end - that's hard. It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters. That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won't tell you what your ending should be----that's up to you and the story you're telling----but it might provide what you need to get there. 32.Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report. C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list. 33. What did the author realize after seeing Prof Gracie? A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B. Readers are often carried away by characters C. Each type of literature has its unique ending D.A story which begins well will end well 34. What is expected of a good ending? A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development. C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination. 35.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue. C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books. 04 湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2024届高三下学期五月高考适应性考试 C It is William Shakespeare, the great coiner, who is given credit for the word. Coriolanus, one of his characters, compares going into exile(流放) to a “lonely dragon” retiring to his cave. He was talking about a physical state: someone who was lonely was simply alone. Then, thanks to the Romantic poets, the word took on emotional meanings. Loneliness became a condition of the soul. For William Wordsworth, who famously “wandered lonely as a cloud”, the natural world offered an escape from negative feelings of loneliness—a host of flowers could provide “cheerful company”. Today, loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem, creating the feeling of disconnection. In his book Solitude, Netta Weinstein, a psychology professor wonders the rewards of time spent alone. He begins with an account of stories of solitude created by figures such as Michel Montaigne, a writer, and Edward Hopper, a painter. Netta then draw on laboratory work, interviews and surveys to clarify how being alone really affects the human mind. It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms(同义词), but they are not. The author suggests that what is negatively described as one state can be positively expressed as the other. Loneliness, often perceived as negative, can potentially be transformed into a positive experience of solitude. To this end he emphasizes how being alone can help restore people and offers practical advice. In a noisy world, he argues, people should make time to be alone, away from attention-grabbing motives. The book’s interviewees mostly regard a lack of company as a contributor to autonomy. But this depends on whether solitude is desirable or not. Enforced solitude, such as that experienced by prisoners, typically leads to nothing but suffering. Elective solitude, by contrast, affords space for self-reflection. It can open the door to “peak experiences” such as wonder, harmony, and happiness. In a highly-connected digital age, however, many readers do not fancy their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences. 28. How does paragraph 1 introduce the concept of loneliness? A. By tracing its development. B. By analyzing causes. C. By making a point to be argued. D. By sharing a romantic story. 29. What does Netta Weinstein’s book Solitude focus on? A. The various terms of solitude. B. The societal impact of solitude. C. The long-standing history of solitude. D. The psychological benefits of solitude. 30. Netta describes the state of loneliness as ___. A. stressful B. essential C. changeable D. never beneficial 31. What does Netta most probably agree with according to the last paragraph? A. Enforced solitude is a matter of choice. B. Enforced solitude contributes to autonomy. C. Elective solitude is rare in the digital world. D. Elective solitude interrupts peak experiences. D Robots have long been drawing inspiration from animals, with the creation of robot dogs or snake-shaped robots. And yet, the field of robotics is far less enthusiastic about the other kind of living things----plants. Barbara Mazzolai, an Italian roboticist owes this to a misconception about plant behavior: that they cannot move or think. “It’s not true at all,” she says. To challenge this view, Dr Mazzolai and her team recently launched a machine called “FiloBot”, a robot based on a climbing species. To survive, a climbing plant must switch between several different behaviors. In forest environments, it must first grow out of the soil and travel along the ground in search of a support to hold onto, such as a nearby tree. Once a support is located, though, the plant fixes itself around the object and then growing towards the light. To choose the best angle to grow upwards, a climbing plant uses its shoots(芽) to receive information about light and gravity. FiloBot has sensors on its main shoot. It can 3D-print its body with plastic and grow at a controllable rate. These functions, researchers found, enabled FiloBot to cross gaps, and find things to attach to. The lack of heavy on-board computing device means that it is light and requires minimal care, while its slow pace means that it doesn’t disturb things around it, making it possible to move through a complex, unseen environment, or monitoring disaster sites. For now, FiloBot is still being tested. Its tendrils(卷须) have not left the laboratory. Still, it has already been employed in deconstructing plant behaviour. For example, it was long assumed that climbing plants find their supports by growing towards shade, though the exact mechanism was unclear. FiloBot could imitate this behaviour by detecting far-red light, which is typical of shaded areas, providing clues to how plants do it. Dr Mazzolai hopes that such projects will inspire other roboticists to take their cues from plants and develop completely new technologies. 32. What does the misconception about plants in the field of robotics focus on? A. Their shapes. B. Their diversity. C. Their body language. D. Their capabilities. 33. What is an advantage of FiloBot? A. It moves quickly. B. It has a solid metal body. C. It adapts to different environment. D. It is attached to huge computers. 34. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The limitations of FiloBot. B. The current use of FiloBot. C. The components of FiloBot. D. The unique feature of FiloBot’s design. 35. Which of the following is a suitable title for this text? A. A Role Model for Robotics Research B. A Glimpse into the World of Robotics C. A Plant-Inspired Innovation in Robotics D. A Misunderstanding of the Plant Kingdom 05 湖北省武汉市部分学校2024届高三下学期五月模拟训练题 C My mother died of breast cancer when she was merely 50 in 1970. Afterwards, the comment repeated most often was: “You’ll need to be careful for the rest of your life because it may have been passed to you.” In 1994, the first ever breast cancer gene testing arrived. I jumped right to it and tested negative. I’m thankful for the science that has given me this preventive screening (筛查). Good for me, but is it good for everyone? Here’s the catch. Research on genetic disease has been based mostly on European people, like me. The same went to the mapping of the human genes. The problem is that we know little about how new treatments might work for people of other races. If we diversify patients in clinical trials, we can realize the promise of personalized medicine for everyone, not just white patients. Faced with the unfair phenomena in medical research, what should we do to resolve the problem? Not only do we need more diverse populations participating in research, but we also need diversity among biomedical researchers and medical professionals to make efforts. That makes research stronger and builds trust with diverse communities. A medical team is working on this now. They are building a diverse next generation of gene editing researchers by teaching high school and community college students from different backgrounds about promising technologies like gene editing to encourage them to become future researchers. This sort of educational outreach can also help to build trust in the medical and research communities. The team leader, John Cooper, PhD, has been outspoken about the current inequalities of delivering new technologies to all people at a fair cost. Numerous scientists and medical leaders are working to change the situation. While science wasn’t yet far enough along to save my mother, I have harvested the benefits of advanced research and so should we all. 28. What is the function of paragraph 1? A. To explain the cause of her mother’s cancer. B. To show her concerns over medical inequalities. C. To indicate the side effects of genetic testing. D. To emphasize the progress in the medical field. 29. What does the underlined words “the catch” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A previous study. B. An urgent appeal. C. An underlying issue. D. A workable solution. 30. What might enable new treatment s to benefit all? A. Conducting research on genetic diseases. B. Delivering speeches to interested students. C. Building confidence in potential medical researchers. D. Popularizing technologies in various communities. 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the advanced research? A. Supportive. B. Dismissive. C. Opposed. D. Impartial. D Late last year, in the days before the Dosakian election, a video featuring a well-known journalist and a key candidate circulated on social networks. However, it was absolutely fake (虚假的). The International Press Institute has called this episode in Dosakia the first time that AI deepfakes—fake images, or videos generated by artificial intelligence—have influenced a national election greatly. Security experts consider misinformation the biggest global risk recently----more dangerous than war, and extreme weather events. A constant stream of people is wrestling with this issue. Now even economists are joining in. Economist Iyan Smith, and others conduct a real-world experiment to see whether simple, low-cost nudges, or interventions, can be effective. Instead of focusing on the supply side of misinformation like social media platforms, they pay attention to the demand side: increasing our capacity to identify the fake information. The economists split participants randomly into four different groups. One group was shown a video demonstrating a convincing journey of two people from two different social groups who, before interacting, express negative stereotypes (刻板印象) about the other’s group, overcoming their differences and ultimately regretting unthinkingly using stereotypes to dehumanize one another. Another group completed a personality test that shows them their cognitive traits (认知特点) causing prejudice, hoping to increase their self-awareness, and decrease their demand for misinformation. A third group did both while a control group did neither. The economists find the simple intervention of showing the video makes the participants over 30 percent less likely to “consider fake news reliable”. But the personality test has little effect. As for participants doing both, they were about 31 percent less likely to view true headlines as reliable. In other words, they became so skeptical that even the truth became suspect. Smith and his colleagues are far from the first scholars to fight misinformation by helping people to think more critically. University of Weymouth psychologist Lisa Kindle also advocates similar ways to help reject misinformation in the wild. 32. What does the author intend to do in the first two paragraphs? A. Highlight the risk of AI deepfakes. B. Discuss the global threat landscape. C. Describe Dosakia’s election outcome. D. Introduce the concept of misinformation. 33. What is “an effective nudge” in Smith’s new study? A. The cognitive trait. B. The short video. C. The personality test. D. The negative stereotype. 34. What conclusion can be drawn from the study? A. Videos reduce misinformation. B. Deepfakes may discredit truth. C. Misinformation causes dehumanization. D. Personality tests sharpen thinking skills. 35. What might be the best title for the text? A. Battling Fake News B. Deepfakes in Elections C. The Spread of Misinformation D. Expanding Thinking Capacity 06 山东省济南市2024届高考针对性训练（三模） C Language gives us the power to describe countless actions, properties and relations that compose our experiences, real or imagined. As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role. People can't bridge language gap and understand each other without iconicity. When playing a game of charades (猜字谜), we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, map... wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity. According to our research, iconicity might also exist in our voices. We organized a contest in which we invited contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options. Critically, the sounds that contestants submitted couldn't include actual words or onomatopoeias(拟声词). Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners' success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds? Later, an Internet survey translated into 25 different languages was carried out. Participants listened to each sound from the English speakers and guessed the meaning by choosing from six written words. Guessing accuracy for the different groups ranged from 74 percent for English speakers to 34 percent for Portuguese speakers. It is far from perfect, but well above the chance rate of eight percent expected by us. Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role. Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground. 8. Which of the following can explain “iconicity”? A.A skill in foreign language learning. B. The process of acting out our meanings. C. The connection between form and meaning. D.A barrier between different language speakers. 9. What can we know about the contest? A. It required sounds containing meanings. B. Its winners were creative in recordings. C. It aimed to prove iconicity in words. D. Its entries were familiar to listeners. 10. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A. English pronunciations differ. B. The research has a limitation. C. The cultural gap is narrowing. D. Listening skills vary in cultures. 11. What is the significance of the research? A. Clarifying the influence of sounds. B. Proving the necessity of exchanges. C. Uncovering the origin of languages. D. Identifying the function of gestures. D Many of us remember the feeling of having our braces (牙套) regularly adjusted and retightened at the dentist's. And interventions are based entirely upon the estimate of dentists and involve a great deal of trial and error, which can lead to too many visits to the dentist's. Professor Erleben and his team created a computer model that creates accurate 3D simulations(模拟) of an individual patient's jaw, which dentists can use to predict how sets of braces should be designed to best straighten a patient's teeth and plan the best possible treatment. To create these simulations, the computer model was used to map sets of human teeth after getting detailed CT images of teeth and the small, fine structures between the jawbone and the teeth. This type of precise digital simulation is referred to as a digital twin, a virtual model that lives in the cloud. The virtual model can answer what's happening in the real world, and do so instantly. For example, one can ask what would happen if you pushed on one tooth and get answers with regards to where it would move and how it would affect other teeth. The model also helps to predict the post treatment effect, achieve “visualization” of treatment, and facilitate patients to understand the plan of straightening their teeth. What's more it has enabled more flexible and convenient digital medical follow-up services. The area of research that uses digital twins is relatively new. “However, we need to set up a sufficiently big database if digital twins are to really take root and benefit the healthcare industry,” Erleben said, “In the future, the virtual model can be used to plan, design and improve, and can therefore be used to operate companies, robots, factories and used much more in the energy, healthcare and other fields.” 12.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A. The professional integrity of dentists. B. The current state of dental treatment. C. The procedure of retightening braces. D. The intervention of modern technology. 13.Which was the first step in creating 3D simulations? A. Predicting treatment effect. B. Designing a computer model. C. Drawing the shape of a mouth. D. Obtaining the details of teeth. 14.What is Professor Erleben's attitude towards digital twins? A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Favorable. D. Dismissive. 15.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why digital twins make a hit. B. Where virtual treatment goes. C. What trouble dentists encounter. D. How a virtual model aids dentists. 07 湖北省武汉市武昌区 2024届高三年级5月质量检测 C Aviation is a big polluter. Cutting the sector’s impact on global warming is bigh on the agenda. Although many governments are regulating emissions from cars and trucks, air transportation is technologically rooted in old patterns. Facing the reality that the sector will keep emitting a lot, ICAO has established an international carbon-trading plan—Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, or CORSIA. This encourages wide use of offsets (抵消) : aviation companies can buy emissions credits or invest in sectors that store carbon, such as forestry, to allow them to carry on as normal. CORSIA aims to keep CO2 emissions at 2019 levels through such purchases for emissions over that year’s baseline. ICAO predicts that increasing demand might reach 1. 7 billion tons by 2035, potentially making aviation the largest offset market in the world. Yet offsetting faces a fundamental challenge: the size of the offset requires estimating flows of warming pollution that would have occurred if the carbon-removal project hadn’t existed, and comparing them against flows with the project in place. The former — a baseline that is unobservable — is a hotbed for shady accounting. The vast majority of offsets today and in the expected future come from forest-protection and regrowth projects. The track record of reliable accounting in these industries is poor, because they lack convincing baselines. Even with oversight, forest projects are often troubled by wild assumptions, for example that trees would disappear completely from these areas in the absence of those projects, even when there are other forest protections in place. Such assumptions drive up baselines and flood the market with huge volumes of offsets. They make it easier for accountants to claim a net reduction in emissions even though the atmosphere sees little or no benefit. These problems are essentially unfixable. Evidence is mounting that offsetting as a strategy for reaching net zero is a dead end. In our view, this approach could prove dangerously narrow. Removing aviation’s impact on global warming means upending the industry. The longer that reality is overlooked, the harder it will be to find effective solutions. 28. What does aviation refer to in the passage? A. A project which needs revising. B. A resource which needs trading. C. A market which needs expanding. D. An industry which needs reforming. 29. Why should aviation companies buy emissions credits? A. To support the development of forestry. B. To earn the largest profit in offset market. C. To keep the levels of emission unchanged. D. To make up for emissions over the baseline. 30. What can we infer from paragraph 4? A. Too many offsets are filling the market now. B. Some projects may cheat to create more offsets. C. Offsetting contributes a lot to reducing emissions. D. Trees would totally disappear without the projects. 31. What is the author’s attitude towards the CORSIA? A. Disapproving. B. Confused. C. Favorable. D. Unconcerned. D Electric vehicles (EVs) are due for huge upgrades in driving range and charging times as new battery technologies are introduced. Lithium (Li) -ion (锂离子) batteries could be out of date in a few years as alternatives like Li-sulfur, Li-air and Li-metal enter production. Meanwhile, quantum (量子) battery charging promises to reduce charge times from hours to seconds. Scientists at the University of Michigan have produced a stable Li-sulfur battery using Kevlar, the material used in body armor, to increase the amount it can be charged and discharged. Fibers in the Kevlar stop certain parts of lithium from growing between the electrodes (电极) and destroying the battery. Research group leader Nicholas Kotov called the design “nearly perfect” in terms of capacity and efficiency. The battery can handle summer heat and winter cold extremes, and in real-world driving conditions, its lifespan should be 1, 000 cycles or ten years. Sulfur is a great alternative for EVs because it is a tiny amount of the cost of metals like what is used in Li-ion battery electrodes, and there is simply more of it. Mainstream electric cars fitted with its battery could achieve around 900 miles on a single charge. Battery researchers say the Li-sulfur battery’s energy density could theoretically be 10 times higher than the best Li-ion battery, so it will drive further, be safer and more environmentally friendly, for less money. In Japan, university researchers have teamed up with a telecommunications company to develop a Li-air battery with an energy density (500 Wh/kg) two to five times better than Li-ion. Newer quantum technologies that will speed up vehicle charging times are added to these breakthroughs in battery materials and energy density. Li-metal, often talked about as solid-state batteries, are long-lasting and capable of rapid charging, especially when they are paired with quantum technologies that connect all the battery cells simultaneously. And once investments in quantum charging and batteries are made, it could revolutionize transport and the way we use energy worldwide. 32. What can we learn about Kevlar? A. It will speed up vehicle charging. B. It can lengthen battery’s cycle life. C. It can boost EV range to 1000 miles. D. It will break down in extreme weather. 33. Why is Sulfur a fantastic option for EVs? A. It has been tested in Li-ion battery. B. It is less expensive and more accessible. C. Li-sulfur battery has been installed in mainstream EVs. D. Li-sulfur battery features a higher energy density than Li-metal. 34. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Quantum technologies give rise to Li-metal. B. Battery materials determine vehicle charging speed. C. Li-metal is more efficient in charging than Li-sulfur. D. More investments are needed in quantum technology. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Which Battery Suits Evs Best? B. What Is The Future Road Of EVs? C. Why Will Li-ion Batteries Be Replaced? D. How Will Reformed Lithium Batteries Influence Evs? 08 Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2024届高三第三次联考 C Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world's foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. “What we've done is create a sense of identity drawn from real needs,” Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong. Now, he's set his sights on Qatar. Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Qatar's tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Qatar's financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories. But the construction itself wasn't all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Qatar's hot climate, Foster’s team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries----part of what Foster called a decades-long quest to "reinvent the tall building." The design combines advanced shading with ventilation(通风), while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine-grade” aluminum(铝) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins(鳍), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70%compared to traditional all-glass towers. While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city's skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low-scale master plan.” They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront(滨水区) to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future. 28.According to Foster's concept, what should tall buildings be like? A. Renowned. B. Identical. C. Fashionable. D. Practical. 29. What can we learn about the Lusail Towers? A. They will function as a global financial center. B. They are expected to be Qartar's tallest building. C. They are Foster's most renowned iconic masterpiece. D. They have four blocks with the same style and height. 30. What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar's hot climate? A. Coating the tower with an unconventional material. B. Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins. C. Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum. D. Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation. 31. What's the goal of "low-scale master plan"? A. To link the waterfront to the football stadium. B. To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens. C. To offer a dynamic public space for the future. D. To connect a subway and a commercial avenue. D An ancient, interdependent relationship that contributes to food systems and ecosystem stability across the globe could be changing. Many flowering plants can self-pollinate(自花传粉) , or transfer pollen between their own blossoms for seed generation and reproduction, but most of these plants have relied on pollinators such as butterflies and bees to reproduce. Now----during declines reported in many pollinator populations----a new study on the evolution of one flower species' mating system has revealed a remarkable change that could worsen the challenges faced by the plants’ insect partners. The flowers’ reproductive evolution may be linked to environmental changes such as habitat destruction and rapid ongoing decreases in pollinator biodiversity, according to Samson Acoca-Pidolle who led the study published December 19 in the journal New Phytologist. Comparing seeds of wild field pansies(三色堇) collected decades ago in France with the plants’ modern descendants, Acoca-Pidolle and his colleagues discovered that today's flowers are smaller and produce less nectar(花蜜) as a result of increased self-pollination, which has direct impacts on pollinator behavior. The pansies of the past self-fertilized less and attracted far more pollinators than those of the present, according to the study. "It seems that it's only traits(特性) that are involved in plant-pollinator interaction that are evolving," said Acoca-Pidolle. The changes could restrict the plants’ ability to adapt to future environmental changes and have implications for “all of floral biodiversity”----potentially decreasing flowering plants' genetic, species and ecosystem variation. “This may increase the pollinator decline and cause a negative feedback cycle,” study coauthor Pierre-Olivier Cheptou told CNN. "If plants produce less nectar, there will be less food available to pollinators, which will in turn accelerate the rate at which the animals’ numbers decrease", he explained. “The major message is that we are currently seeing the evolutionary breakdown of plant pollinators in the wild," said Cheptou, an evolutionary ecologist at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and professor at the University of Montpellier. 32.Which of the following may contribute to the flowers' reproductive evolution? A. Changed behaviour of pollinators. B. Severe pollution to the habitats. C. Continuing decline in pollinator biodiversity. D. Increased plant-pollinator interaction. 33. Why were pansies in the past larger and produced more nectar? A. They self-pollinated less. B. They had a better mating system. C. They attracted less pollinators. D. They were fertilized by themselves. 34.What is the result of the changes in the flowers' reproductive evolution? A. The flowering plants may have more variations. B. The evolution of wild plant pollinators is collapsing. C. The numbers of the animals will increase more rapidly. D. The plants will adapt to the environmental changes better. 35.Which is the best title for the text? A. Pollinator Populations: Declining. B. Flowering Plants: Selfing. C. Interdependent Relationship: Maintaining. D. Floral Diversity: Increasing. 09 福建省厦门市2024届高三毕业班第四次质量检测 C The sun is about to set when we reach our destination, the home of a nomadic (游牧的) herder (牧民) family. My host, Batbayer, has a cheerful face, with deep wrinkles and a color from long hours working outdoors, giving him the look of a sailor from an Ernest Hemingway novel. We have pre-arranged our visit but travellers in Mongolia can drive up to pretty much any ger and feel welcomed to stay. You don’t knock on the door: when you approach a nomadic family, a customary greeting is to say a kindly “Hold your dog,” even if you don’t see a dog. We feast at the family home on one of the country’s most distinct and tasty dishes: khorkhog, or mutton cooked using hot rocks. This comes served with onions, a variety of berries, and milk—besides more plates of meat, all from the family’s own livestock (家畜). Mongolia is home to one of the world’s few remaining truly nomadic cultures. About a fifth of the population are herders, and nomadism is complicatedly woven into the country’s spirit. But modern life is catching up with the people on the grassland at rapid speed. This is in large part what my book is about: an outsider’s exploration of a society undergoing modernisation while trying to hold fast to its deeply rooted traditional values. Many of the livestock here, especially the more valuable breeds such as horses, camels and cattle, are implanted with microchips that can be monitored via satellite-based services. “I would like to use the internet more because it’s fun and useful; but the animals like it here. This is a good place for them,” Batbayer says when I ask if better internet connectivity might influence where to move his livestock next. “I would never choose Facebook over the wellbeing of the animals.” 28. Which aspect of the herders does the author focus on in paragraph 1? A. Living conditions. B. Pet preference. C. Reading habits. D. Friendliness. 29. What do we know about nomadic culture? A. Herders’ life is being modernized. B. It is the world’s dominant culture. C. The majority of Mongolians are herders. D. Herders have no access to fruits and vegetables 30. What can we infer from Batbayer’s words in the last paragraph? A. He refuses to use social media. B. He will no longer employ microchips. C. He will introduce more valuable breeds. D. He prioritizes the welfare of livestock. 31. What is the text? A. A travel journal. B. A folk tale. C. A book review. D. A field report. D Silent reading is far from silent in your brain. Deep within your head there is a voice reading aloud each word as your eyes pass over it. Let’s do a seemingly unrelated experiment first. Turn on your television and radio. Try to understand both the words from the television and the radio simultaneously. You might have noticed understanding one source required ignoring the other, and you could feel your attention shifting between the two voices. Although we can listen to multiple people speaking at the same time, we can only truly understand one person speaking at a time. There are three major areas that allow you to understand spoken word. The first is the Auditory Cortex (听觉皮层), which processes the pure characteristics of incoming sounds. Both sides of your brain contain this region. The next area is the Broca/ Wernicke (B/W) network, which makes sense of the spoken word. This network exists in only one side of your brain. This means that, although the sounds of language are initially processed in both sides of the brain, spoken word must eventually be funneled (流经漏斗) into this single network. This quickly leads to a bottleneck, which is controlled by the third area: the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG, 额下回). When you try to understand two people speaking at the same time, this region effectively blocks one voice while it allows the other to pass through the B/W bottleneck. Any information that does not immediately make it through the B/W network disappears completely—there is no waitlist. Now, let’s bring all the pieces together to see why it’s related to your silent reading. When you read, the first region to demonstrate activation is the Visual Cortex, which processes the pure visual characteristics of incoming sights. Immediately after the visual cortex activates, the speech areas of the brain fire up because your brain processes your silent reading in a manner almost identical to the way in which it processes an actual, out-loud speaking voice. For this reason, attempting to read while listening to someone speak is the same as trying to understand two people speaking at the same time—it can’t be done! 32. What does the underlined word “simultaneously” in paragraph 2 mean? A. At the same time. B. One at a time. C. On the whole. D. Through comparison. 33. Which of the following best illustrates paragraph 3? A. B. C. D. Note: disappear; wait 34. What may the author agree with? A. Professors give a speech with a text-heavy PowerPoint slide. B. Teachers keep silent when students are reading attentively. C. Students solve math problem when following a lecture. D. Students practice listening skills while reading novels. 35. Which of the following sentences can best serve as an introduction to the text? A. The art of conversation lies in listening. B. What is reading, but a silent conversation. C. We hear and understand only what we already know half. D. Once an idea gets into your head, it’s probably going to stay there. 10 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第三次适应性考试（三模） C If the benefits of physical activity were made into a pill, everyone would be on it. Studies show that moving improves nearly every aspect of health: boosting sleep, strength, and mental well-being. Still, most people don't exercise nearly enough. According to data published in 2023，less than a third of U.S. adults get the government--recommended amount of physical activity in their free time: at least 20 minutes of moderate--intensity aerobic exercise per day, plus a couple of muscle-strengthening sessions each week. Why is it so tough to get people to do something so good for them? Physical limitations, health problems and modern life are certainly factors for many people. But research suggests there's another factor: our brains don't want us to exercise. For most of human existence, people had to be physically active to carry out the basic functions of life, such as finding food. Humans evolved(进化) to tolerate a high level of activity----but also to conserve energy for when movement was unnecessary , explains Daniel Lieberman, a human evolutionary biologist. As a society, we no longer move much in daily life , but the evolutionary instinct(本能) to conserve energy remains, Lieberman says. “That voice ‘l don't want to exercise,’ is completely normal and natural,” he says. Physical-activity researcher Matthieu Boisgontier demonstrated that phenomenon in a 2018study. He gave people control of a digital avatar(化身) while they were connected to brain-activity monitors. They were instructed to move the avatar away from images of sedentary (久坐的) behavior that appeared on screen and toward images of physical activity. The study found that avoiding sedentary behavior took more brain power, suggesting that we have an “automatic tendency” to pick relaxing over moving. That conclusion shows up repeatedly in research. Studies show, for example, that people consistently choose to take a lift instead of the stairs. “That natural instinct isn't bad----it's just that modern life gives us so many chances to give in to our preference for rest that we have reached an extreme that is no longer beneficial to our health,” Boisgontier says. 28. What do data published in 2023 suggest? A. U. S. adults have poor health awareness. B. The recommended activities are impractical. C. Most Americans lack sufficient physical activity. D. Muscle-strengthening sessions deserve attention. 29. What makes people unwilling to exercise according to Lieberman? A. The physical limitations. B. The basic structure of the brain. C. The convenient modern life. D. The natural energy-saving tendency. 30. What does the underlined part "that phenomenon" in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Sedentary behavior took more brain power. B. Most people tend to avoid physical activity. C. Humans evolved for a high level of activity. D. Brain-related activities attract modern people. 31. What is Boisgontier's attitude toward people's physical inactivity? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Approving. D. Opposed. D Many economists predict 2024 will be the time shoppers tighten their belts. That doesn't mean people will stop spending, say retail(零售) analysts. But it will change what they choose to buy. With a slowing job market, global consumers are likely to move away from more high-priced purchases and focus instead on smaller, less expensive treats. The economic uncertainty means that consumers are becoming more discriminating about their purchases, says Ethan Chernofsky, senior vice president of marketing at intelligence platform Placer.ai. “There are the things we decide are necessary, and then there's another category of things that aren't necessary but that we consider affordable luxuries,” he says. This desire for these “affordable luxuries” is common in difficult economic times. Some economists refer to the phenomenon as the “lipstick index”: a small economic increase led by budget-minded consumers seeking out relatively affordable splurges(挥霍), like small cosmetics(化妆品). Analysts at Deloitte say consumers will spend on little luxuries like specialty coffees and snacks as well. Additional, stressed-out shoppers are prioritizing small splurge purchases for wellness and personal care. As retailers see shoppers turning to little luxuries, they're offering more and more of them. Target, for example, has staked a flag in what they refer to as “affordable joy”, which includes a select ion of self-care and cosmetic products, along with wellness-centric beauty products. Beyond diversifying their offerings, stores are also bringing in luxury-feeling products at lower price points to appeal to more consumers. Ethan says not every shopper will shift their spending to little luxuries—but even those who are still longing for the “must-haves” of social media will also look to get a deal. They want the feeling of purchasing lower-priced affordable treats. To get these goods, shoppers are likely to tap into the re-sale market for designer items at a more reasonable price. They want things that make them feel good about themselves----they just want to do it without breaking the bank. 32. What can affordable luxuries be? A. Inexpensive daily necessities. B. High-end products. C. Reasonably-priced designer items. D. High-priced purchases. 33. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The strategies retailers use. B. The joy businesses offer. C. The competition stores face. D. The products consumers buy. 34. What do most shoppers seek according to Ethan? A. Social-media deals. B. World-famous brands. C. Second-hand bargains. D. Budget-friendly pleasures. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Lipstick Index: Where Does It Lead Us? B. Must-have Treats: A Future Spending Trend C. Affordable Joy: Will We Fall Into The Trap? D. Little Luxuries: A Driving Force Behind Consumption 11 江苏省南京市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试（三模） C What if our bodies had a new way----other than our eardrums----to hear the world around us? That’s what neuroscientist David Eagleman wondered five years ago. Then he looked at the body for answers and saw a huge sound jack (插孔). “We have this huge input channel called our skin,” he says, “and we aren’t using it.” So Eagleman, along with Scott Novich, his student at Baylor College of Medicine, created the Versatile Extra- Sensory Transducer, or VEST. The VEST is worn like it sounds. Through 32 tiny motors, it translates sound waves into vibrations (振动) on your back. First, a computer or smartphone picks up sounds from your surroundings and breaks down the sound sample into a set of specific frequencies. Each frequency band in the set sets off one of 32 motors in the VEST. With time and practice, your brain learns to unconsciously interpret the series of vibrations as sound—and individual sounds as words in a language. “There is no theoretical reason why this can't be almost as good as the ears,” says Eagleman. So far, he has trained deaf people to recognize single words through the VEST. He hopes to eventually help them understand sentences, and then full conversations. Just like with language, Eagleman discovered, children—whose brains are more shapable—learned to interpret the VEST more easily than adults did. Eagleman says his device could one day be deployed in dozens of professions to better understand complex environments. A pilot could interpret a plane’s condition through the VEST’s vibrations. An astronaut could literally feel the health of the International Space Station. Eagleman and Novich’s startup, Neo Sensory, plans to develop the VEST for all kinds of uses, so someday we all can experience this sixth sense. “The possibilities are endless for the kind of information we could be streaming in,” says Eagleman. 28. What is the VEST? A. A huge input channel on the body. B. A computer-smartphone connector. C. A processing program with tiny motors. D. A wearable sound-vibration transformer. 29. What is the working procedure of the VEST? ①motors to be activated ②sounds to be decomposed ③words to be interpreted A.①②③ B.②③① C.①③② D.②①③ 30. What does the underlined word “deployed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Assessed. B. Employed. C. Detected. D. Invented. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Listen with Your Skin B. Hear Your Sixth Sense C. To Listen or Not D. Here to Hear. D “Palace, Mountain, Moon?” has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December 25, 2023. The photo was taken by Valerio, a young photographer of Turin, Italy. It was taken on the evening of December 15, 2023. Though he knew about NASA’s competition, he hadn’t considered participating until receiving much encouragement from his social media followers. Soon after, he received the message, “Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.” It was incredible! In a photo like this, nothing is left to luck. The concept came to him back in 2017. Walking on the hills north of Turin, he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga Palace and Mountain Monviso. After numerous visits over several months, he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right. After pinpointing these locations, he experimented with shooting them at different times. “I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo. The Sun was a no-go, so I turned to the Moon. Its various phases and positions reach an azimuth angle (方位角) of 230 degrees,” Valerio said. With this in mind, he researched the Moon's phases, marked potential dates on the calendar, and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue. It was very successful, especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase (月盈期). This meant that in the photo, not only was its crescent (新月) lit up, but so was the left part, its shadowed side. That part is lit by reflected light, also known as Da Vinci’s glow (达芬奇灰光)，named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon's shadowed side is brightened. During the early days of the waxing Moon phases, the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon's shadowed side, giving it a greyish, silvery color. This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well. 32. Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA? A. He took an interest in astronomical advances. B. He expected to create an impact on social media. C. He received broad support from enthusiastic fans. D. He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot. 33. In Valerio’s photo, the three objects ______. A. shine light on each other B. stand in a straight line C. fit each other in size D. vary from usual in color 34. What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo? A. Studying how the Moon phase changes. B. Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance. C. Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle. D. Measuring the height of the observation point. 35. What was lit up by the Da Vinci’s glow? A. The outline of the crescent. B. The outline of Superga. C. The dark side of the Moon. D. The shadowed side of the Earth. 12 江苏省南通等苏北八市2024届高三第三次调研测试（三模） C It has long been known that dogs can learn commands like “sit,” “stay,” or “fetch” and can respond to these words with learned behaviors, often with the help of a treat or two, but uncovering their understanding of nouns has proven more difficult. To look into the mystery, Boros from Eötvös Lorán d University in Hungary and her colleagues, inspired by studies investigating the comprehension of babies before they can speak, decided to mimic(模仿) these experiments with dogs. They invited 18 dog owners to bring their pets to the lab along with five objects the animals knew well. These included balls, slippers, Frisbees, rubber toys, leads and other items. At the lab, the owners were instructed to say words for objects their dogs already knew. Then, the owners held up either the matching object or a different one while small metal disc s harmlessly attached to the dogs’ heads measured brain activity in a process known as electroencephalography (EEG). Using EEG, the researchers aimed to observe any variances in brain activity when the dog’s owner mentioned a specific object, such as a “ball”, but displayed a different item, like a stick, as opposed to when both the spoken word and the presented object matched. This was indeed the case, with the results being strongest when the object was very familiar to the dog. That’s similar to what researchers have seen in humans and is widely accepted as evidence that they understand the words. Writing in Current Biology, the scientists say the results “provide the first neural evidence for object word knowledge in a non-human animal”. But the true extent of the dogs’ comprehension is still unknown, even by the study’s authors, since the dogs were responding to their own toys and objects that the owners brought to the lab. The researchers are now curious to know if this ability to understand referential language is specific to dogs or might be present in other mammals as well. Either way, they want to learn more about how this ability emerged and whether it depends on dogs’ unique experience of living with people. 28. Which aspect of dogs did Boros’s research focus on? A. Their speed of learning actions. B. Their willingness to follow orders. C. Their responses to training treats. D. Their capacity of understanding nouns. 29. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A. The result of human-dog interactions. B. The process of Boros’s experiment. C. The logic of pattern matching. D. The theory of EEG analysis. 30. The brain recording results showed a different pattern in the brain when ____. A. pet owners showed more objects than usual B. dogs had a larger vocabulary of object words C. the experiment was conducted in a new environment D. the spoken word and the presented object mismatched 31. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A. Conclusions from the experiment. B. Insights into dogs’ experiences. C. Expectations for future studies. D. Applications of the discovery. D The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans. When you’ve ever had to communicate an important, but complex, issue to a general audience, you may have a sea of the most reliable data, the most elegant PowerPoint slides and the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field. And yet, you can still be less persuasive than someone whose entire argument is: “A guy I met down the pub told me something different.” In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in. The ability to think rationally (理性地) and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort. The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing time we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen …that memory will last until our dying day. The most determined sceptics (无神论者) will often say, “Facts don’t care about your feelings,” which is correct. But feelings don’t necessarily care about facts either. And ultimately, feelings have more of a say in what we think and do. And that’s why your mate down the pub can seem more believable than a pile of published research. 32. What contributes to the spread of “fake news”? A. People factor. B. Human culture. C. Modern invention. D. Information accuracy. 33. Why are actual data less persuasive to general audiences? A. They prefer making sensible analyses. B. They are more likely to be emotional. C. They have more trust in authority. D. They overestimate themselves. 34. How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4? A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples. C. By explaining a concept. D. By citing experts’ words. 35. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To reveal secrets. B. To share emotions. C. To criticize a decision. D. To describe a phenomenon. 13 南京师大附中，杭州二中、长郡中学三校2024届高三4月联考 C A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study. The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “There are a lot of policies that are not friendly towards them. So, when they’re exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don’t have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers. “The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.” Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences. 28. What’s the greatest advantage of the study? A. Tracking each student for 18 years. B. Collecting more comprehensive data. C. Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely. D. Building links between air pollution and test scores. 29. According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls ________. A. benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution B. have the lowest test scores due to their identities C. lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution D. suffer from educational inequalities owing to their background 30. What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3? A. Offering a suggestion. B. Raising a doubt. C. Making a comparison. D. Giving a prediction. 31. What might be the focus of the follow-up studies? A. Applicability of the findings to other regions. B. Ways to address racial and sexual differences. C. Long-term impacts of air pollution on children. D. Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children. D French schools once prized the nutritional value of wine. So commonly was it served to children that in 1956 the government banned wine in school canteens—and even then, only for the under-14s. France was the world’s biggest wine producer last year. A bottle of wine has long been to the French meal what fast driving is to the German motorway: an ordinary habit, national right and personal pleasure. No longer. In 2022 roughly 10% of French people drank wine every day, down from half in 1980. Back in 1960 the French drank an average of 116 liters of everyday wine per person. Between 2000 and 2018 that shrank from 28 liters to just 17. A glass of wine is an increasingly rare sight at the lunch table. What is going on? It is not simply price. A bottle of Bordeaux can still be found in a French supermarket for under €3. Some village co-operatives sell local produce straight from the vat for €l.90 a liter—less than fresh orange juice. A better explanation is that a beer-drinking trend is challenging Mediterranean habits. The French now tell polls that they prefer beer to wine. Beer accounts for more than half of all alcohol bought in French supermarkets. Even in southern France, some cafes serve imported Belgian or German beer on tap. Most important, a health-conscious younger generation is drinking less. A quarter of French 18- to 34-year-olds say they never drink alcohol. Fully 39% of under-35s say that they do not drink wine, next to only 27% of the over-50s. Le dry January has entered the national vocabulary. No- and low-alcohol drinks are spreading. A younger generation is rejecting old Mediterranean habits. In an attempt to “speak to Generation Z by adopting its codes”, Pernod Ricard, a drinks giant, runs a marketing campaign with the slogan “Drink more…water”. Of course, consumption of high-quality wine remains strong. But the decline of cheaper stuff has wider consequences for France. Last summer the government allowed €200m to buy surplus low-end wine that producers could not sell. In some areas, farmers are tearing off lesser vines (葡萄藤) altogether. Less alcohol may improve health, but not necessarily the mood or landscapes of rural France. 32. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Serving wine to French children has been banned. B. Drinking wine is as dangerous a habit as fast driving. C. Wine consumption has long been a practice in France. D. Nutritional value of wine is widely recognized in France. 33. What’s the major reason for the French people drinking less wine? A. Health concern. B. Challenge from beer. C. Economic decline. D. Shortage of wine supply. 34. What does the underlined part “Le dry January” in paragraph 4 probably refer to? A. A season of poor grape harvest. B. A period when the weather is dry. C. An organization advocating drinking water. D. A campaign calling for less wine consumption. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Consumption of low-quality wine remains unchanged. B. Production of high-end wine is lower than that of low-end wine. C. Farmers who produce more wine are awarded by the government. D. Not all French people benefit from the decline of wine consumption. 14 江苏省苏锡常镇四市2024届高三年级教学情况调研二（二模） C The human voice is a delicate thing. Each person’s distinctive sound is produced when air from the lungs causes the vocal cords (声带) to vibrate (震颤). These vocal cords can easily get damaged. According to a 2005 study, 30% of the population will experience a voice disorder at some point in their life. In a study published. in the journal Nature Communications this week, a group of bioengineering researchers from the University of California have put forward an attractive solution. They have designed and tested a soft patch (小片) that can be stuck onto a person’s neck, where it will pick up muscle. movements and, with the help of machine-learning algorithms (算法) that process the signals, translate them into speech. When a person loses their voice today, the easiest fix is to turn to typing, texting, or writing notes to communicate. Typing can be slow and inconvenient, says Jun Chen, the paper’s lead author, and writing notes is only possible in good lighting. The new solution would theoretically be able to clear all these hurdles. Dr. Chen’s a device works based. on something: called the magnetoelastic effect. Essentially, when tiny magnetic (磁性的) bits are placed into soft materials, their. magnetic properties can change as the material is stretched. When the throat muscles move under the soft patch, the resulting magnetic-field variations can be changed into electrical signals. In a test with eight participants, the researchers recorded the signals as the subjects spoke and mouthed five different sentences. They then trained a machine-learning model which was then able to predict which of the five sentences the participants spoke—whether aloud or in silence—with more than 90% accuracy. There is a way to go yet, for now the device can only recognize the five phrases it was trained on. Plus, to make it practical at scale, the researchers will need to collect a lot more data. 28. In paragraph 1, the author mainly wants to tell us that ______. A. lungs are easily damaged B. the human voice is unique C. vocal cords vibrate to produce sound D. voice disorders are a problem worthy of attention 29. Why does the author mention the magnetoelastic effect? A. To explain the working principle. B. To present a solution. C. To introduce the challenge. D. To make a comparison. 30. What is the function of the soft patch? A. Predicting five different sentences. B. Destroying the background magnetic field. C. Slowing the movements of throat muscles. D. Helping tum muscle movements into electrical signals. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Predicting the Importance of Voice Restoration B. Using Algorithms in Bioengineering Research C. Overcoming Voice Loss with an Innovative Patch D. Finding the Principle of Communication Devices D In recent years, much of my life, as a consumer has shifted to what I like to call background spending. As I’ve subscribed to more apps and streaming platforms, significant sums of my money tend to slip away each month without my ever thinking about it. Think of it as automated trade. Spending without the trouble of spending. Acquisition without action. Or thought. But while this flood of subscriptions was sold to me on the condition that it would make my life more trouble free, there was a certain shock I felt upon discovering how much I was spending without realizing each month ($179.45). You see, the thing about background spending is that it tends to happen, well, in the background without your full attention. And there lies the point. “Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of the rest,” these companies promise us. But by agreeing to this trade, we’ve become lazy passive consumers. And this laziness breeds (导致) more laziness because most of us can’t be bothered with conducting regular reviews of our subscription spending. We’re too lazy to even notice or cancel! I know it’s not just me who is suddenly living life as a smooth-brained subscriber. The average consumer spends $273 per month on subscriptions, according to a 2021 study of 2,500 by digital services firm West Monroe. Not a single person surveyed knew what his actual monthly spending was. It’s understandable why this model is so attractive to businesses. As companies questioned traditional advertising models, subscriptions offered the promise of “selling once and earning forever.” And while subscription services have been around for decades (think Wine of the Month Club), more customers have been willing to sign up thanks to the widespread availability of smartphones and the increasing ease of home delivery. While these subscriptions promise ease and happiness, not all of us are satisfied. Last year, the Kearney Consumer Institute found 40 percent of consumers believe they have too many subscriptions. Almost half of us also think we pay too much for streaming video-on-demand subscriptions. 32. What can we know about background spending in paragraph 2? A. Its purpose. B. Its feature. C. Its procedure. D. Its requirement. 33. What makes it possible for background spending to happen? A. Its attractive price. B. Some people’s poor habit. C. Its secure service. D. Some people’s addiction to it. 34. Why is the subscription model appealing to businesses? A. It offers good home delivery services. B. It is like traditional advertising models. C. It is popular among smartphone producers. D. It brings repeated profits through a single sale. 35. What’s the author’s attitude towards background spending? A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Unclear. 15 山东省2024届名校考试联盟4月高考模拟考试（济南二模） C Retirees are always working on a 1,000-piece puzzle or two at Utah’s Springville Senior Center. The tradition goes back more than six decades, when the community gathering spot for seniors opened in 1962. About a year and a half ago, a dozen regulars stepped things up and completed a 5,000-piece Disney puzzle, which is when senior center director Tori Eaton decided to buy the biggest puzzle—a 60,000-piece puzzle called “What a Wonderful World”, and immediately she ordered it. Over the next four months, about 50 seniors spent four hours a day piecing together 60 different 1,000-piece puzzle sections featuring a world map and 187 images of artwork. After the 60 puzzles were combined into one piece of art spread across 16 tables, the senior center put it on display for the public. Numerous studies have shown that puzzle-building helps with mental health, particularly in seniors, according to the National Institutes of Health. Bending over a table for 300 hours helped to build a sense of achievement and everyone felt enormous pride in finishing it, Eaton said. “Another great thing was that we can get people out of their houses to enjoy some fun companionship. Loneliness is a terrible thing for older people. Getting together to work for a couple of hours on a puzzle can make a huge difference.” Ruth Nielsen is among those who stopped by the center to help put the large puzzle together. “I really liked the feeling of commitment and there was a feeling of community spirit in putting all those tiny pieces together into something beautiful,” said Nielsen, 73. After the last piece was eased into place, everyone took photos-and admired the puzzle for about three weeks, and then it was time for the next project: taking it apart. Eaton said they decided to lend the puzzle to another Utah senior center, so its members could enjoy the same feelings of achievement and togetherness. “I didn’t want to have to glue it all together and hang it up,” she said. “That would definitely be too much of a project.” 8. What motivated Eaton to buy the biggest puzzle? A. The advice of center visitors. B. The success of a huge puzzle. C. The creation of a larger puzzle. D. The increase of senior members. 9. What advantage does puzzle-building have according to Paragraph 3? A. It promotes independence. B. It encourages competition. C. It improves seniors’ memory. D. It relieves seniors’ loneliness. 10. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Ruth Nielsen? A. To present a problem. B. To support a finding. C. To introduce a method. D. To make a comparison. 11. What can we learn about the puzzle from the last paragraph? A. It was well received. B. It was urgently needed. C. It cost an arm and a leg. D. It required to be replaced. D Our brains are “programmed” to learn more from people we like—and less from those we dislike, This has been shown by researchers in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) in a series of experiments. Memory serves a, vital function, enabling us to learn from new experiences and update existing knowledge. We learn both from individual experiences and from connecting them to draw new conclusions about the world. This way, we can make inferences about things that we don’t, necessarily have direct experience of, This is called memory integration and makes learning quick and flexible. To examine what affects our ability to learn, and make inferences, Ines Bramao, associate-professor of psychology at Lund University, along with his co-workers, set up experiments where participants were tasked with remembering and connecting different objects. It could be a bowl, ball, spoon, scissors, or other everyday objects. It turned out that memory integration was influenced by who presented it. If it was a person the participant liked, connecting the information was easier compared to when the information came from someone the participant disliked. The participants provided individual definitions of ‘like’ and ‘dislike’ based on aspects such as political views, majors, eating habits, favorite sports, hobbies, and music. The findings can be applied in real life, according to the researchers. Ines explained: “Suppose a politician argues for raising taxes to benefit healthcare. Later, you visit a healthcare center and notice improvements have been made. If you side with the politician that wanted to improve healthcare through higher taxes, you’re likely to credit the improvements to the tax increase, even though the improvements might have had a completely different cause.” There’s already vast research describing that people learn information differently depending on the source and how that characterizes polarization and knowledge resistance. “What our research shows is how these significant phenomena can partly be traced back to fundamental principles that govern how our memory works,” says Ines. We tend to form new connections and update knowledge from information presented by groups we favor. 12. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “programmed” in Paragraph 1? A. Enhanced. B. Organized. C. Desire-driven. D. Nature-decided. 13. What did the experiments in Paragraph 3 conclude? A. It’s easier to absorb favorable information. B. It’s beneficial to focus on everyday objects. C. Presenters matter in connecting information. D. Life experiences affect people’s inferences. 14. How did Ines explain the application of his findings? A. By introducing a concept. B. By making an assumption. C. By employing an expert’s words. D. By referring to another experiment. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. How brains function in learning B. Who impacts memory integration C. How brains learn from experiences D. What improves long-term memory 16 山东省潍坊市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试 C Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research. When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70,000 years ago, some of them mated with Neanderthals, who had already adapted to the colder, darker climates of the north. The ripple(涟漪) effects of that intermating still exist today: Modern humans of non- African ancestry(血统)have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA. Some of that DNA relates to sleep more specifically, the internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm. For the new study, researchers compared DNA from today's humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils(化石).In both groups, they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm. And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers. For Neanderthals, being “morning people” might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes. Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight. This connection makes sense in the context of human history. When early humans moved north out of Africa, they would have experienced variable daylight hours--shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer-for the first time. The Neanderthals' circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans' offspring(后代)adapt to this new environment. Notably, the findings do not prove that Neanderthal genes are responsible for the sleep habits of all early risers. Lots of different factors beyond genetics can contribute, including social and environmental influences. The study also only included DNA from a database called the U.K. Biobank-so the findings may not necessarily apply to all modern humans. Next, the research team hopes to study other genetic databases to see if the same link holds true for people of other ancestries. If the findings do apply more broadly, they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world, where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones. 8.What does the new research focus on? A. DNA's dramatic changes. B. Genes’ influence on early risers. C. Neanderthals’ sleeping patterns. D. Ancestors’ environmental adaptability. 9.What is paragraph 2 intended to show concerning the new research? A. Historical context. B. Additional proof. C. Sample analysis. D. Studying process. 10. What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal's DNA for modern humans? A. Getting up earlier. B. Having healthier daily routines. C. Being more flexible in their work. D. Possessing a better circadian rhythm. 11. What can be inferred about the findings from the last paragraph? A. They get proof from other studies. B. They are confirmed by early risers. C. They suggest potential applications. D. They reveal factors in sleeping disorders. D I had to say something after reading The Anxious Generation. It is going to sell well, because Jonathan Haidt is telling a scary story about children's development many parents are led to believe. However, the book's repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children's brains and causing the epidemic (流行病)of mental illness is unsupported by science. Worse , the rude proposal that social media is to blame might distract (分心)us from effectively responding to the real causes of the current mental-health crisis in young people. Researchers have searched for the effects suggested by Haidt. Our efforts have produced a mix of no, small and mixed associations. Most data are correlative. When associations over time are found, they suggest not that social-media use predicts or causes depression, but that young people who already have mental-health problems use such platforms more often or in different ways from their healthy peers. We are not alone here. Several analyses and systematic reviews centralize on the same message. An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well-being and social media globally. Moreover, studies from some authorities finds no evidence of intense changes associated with digital-technology use. As a psychologist studying children's and adolescents’ mental health, I appreciate parents’ frustration(沮丧)and desire for simple answers. As a parent of adolescents, I would also like to identify a simple source for the pain this generation is reporting. There are, however, no simple answers. The beginning and development of mental disorders are driven by a complex set of genetic and environmental factors. More young people are talking openly about their mental-health struggles than ever before. But insufficient services are available to address their needs. In the United States, there is, on average, one school psychologist for every 1,119 students. We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence-based solutions can offer. Unfortunately, our time is being spent telling stories that are unsupported by research and that do little to support young people who need, and deserve, more. 12.What is presented in The Anxious Generation? A. Scary stories affect children's brains. B. Parents are responsible for children's health. C. Teen's mental illness results from screen time. D. The epidemic of mental illness is unavoidable. 13.What does “the same message” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Many countries do research in mental health. B. Well-being and social media are closely related. C. The young are trapped in the mental-health crisis, D. Social media don't necessarily cause mental illness. 14. What is implied in the last paragraph? A. Effective actions need to be taken. B. Positive stories should be shared. C. Financial support needs to be provided. D. Broader research should be done. 15.What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To suggest ways to help those in need. B. To encourage parents to brave the crisis. C. To recommend a newly-published book. D. To give a voice to children's mental issues. 17 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生四月调研考试 C Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating, including paying to have their names added to a paper. The move comes as Peru's national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor, job promotions, and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers that a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including 72 listed on the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru. The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior. Dishonest publishing practices “transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Mlaga Trillo, a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills，which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.” Peru's academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause, some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities, researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion. Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious, notes Nahuel Monteblanco, president of Cientificos. pe, a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that's highly suspect,” Monteblanco says. 28.What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating? A. Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty. B. Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry. C. Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct. D. Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities. 29. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “transcend” in paragraph 3? A. Change. B. Strengthen. C. Go beyond. D. Approve of. 30. What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru? A. It advocated a fair scoring system. B. It applied to high-impact journals. C. It led to an increase in false authorship. D. It aimed to punish dishonest publishing. 31.The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with A. career promotion B. consistent research focus C. few citations by Punto Final D. co-authors from various countries D Evolution (进化) can perform extraordinary makeovers : today's airborne songbirds evolved from the wingless, earthbound dinosaurs that wandered millions of years ago. But some organisms seem to be unchanged----in other words, escape natural selection. The coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils. Scientists have long wondered how these species do so. It has been assumed that natural selection keeps some species unchanged by selecting for moderate or average qualities (stabilizing selection) rather than selecting for more extreme qualities that would cause a species to change (directional selection). But a study published in the National Academy of Sciences USA contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different qualities in seemingly unchanging animals to improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,” says the study's lead author, James Stroud. Stroud and his colleagues studied four lizard (蜥蜴) species, all relatively unchanged for 20 million years. The researchers caught members of these populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizards head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its sticky toes(脚趾头), noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work preserving moderate qualities. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique characteristics, such as stickier toes, survived better. The study offers “a good explanation for why we see what we think is stabilizing selection,” says Tadashi Fukami, an ecologist studying evolution at Stanford University. Many new qualities are evolving in the short term, but they don't provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species staying unchanged may simply have found the best possible combination of qualities for lasting success in their environment. So what happens when the lizards' environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to visit the lizards. 32.Why does the author mention the “coelacanth fish” in paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate the power of evolution. B. To add evidence to natural selection. C. To give an example of unchanged species. D. To prove species' extraordinary makeovers. 33. What's the focus of paragraph 2? A. Unsolved mysteries. B. A common belief. C. A sharp contrast. D. Unique Characteristics. 34. How did Stroud conduct his research? A. By analyzing lizard fossils. B. By tracking research objects. C. By illustrating stabilizing selection. D. By categorizing qualities of lizards. 35. What will Stroud probably do in the future? A. Make trips to visit lizard experts. B. Summarize average features of lizards. C. Reveal the best combinations of qualities. D. Examine lizards under extreme conditions. 18 广东省深圳市2024届高三年级第二次调研考试 C For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the make-up of the microorganisms (微生物) in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy (孕期)could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The interconnection between brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them $$ 2025届高考英语阅读理解CD篇精讲精练70篇 目录 01 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷） 02 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考II卷） 03 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷） 04 湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2024届高三下学期五月高考适应性考试 05 湖北省武汉市部分学校2024届高三下学期五月模拟训练题 06 山东省济南市2024届高考针对性训练（三模） 07 湖北省武汉市武昌区 2024届高三年级5月质量检测 08 Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2024届高三第三次联考 09 福建省厦门市2024届高三毕业班第四次质量检测 10 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第三次适应性考试（三模） 11 江苏省南京市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试（三模） 12 江苏省南通等苏北八市2024届高三第三次调研测试（三模） 13 南京师大附中，杭州二中、长郡中学三校2024届高三4月联考 14 江苏省苏锡常镇四市2024届高三年级教学情况调研二（二模） 15 山东省2024届名校考试联盟4月高考模拟考试（济南二模） 16 山东省潍坊市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试 17 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生四月调研考试 18 广东省深圳市2024届高三年级第二次调研考试 19 湖北省2024届高三4月调研模拟考试 20 浙江省金华市十校2024届高三下学期4月模拟考试（二模） 21 湖南省新高考教学教研联盟2024届高三下学期第二次联考试卷 22 浙江省绍兴市2024届高三高考科目考试适应性试卷（二模） 23 江苏省南通如皋市2024届高三4月第二次适应性考试（2.5模） 24 河北省衡水中学2024届高三下学期二调考试 25 浙江省嘉兴市2024届高三下学期4月教学测试（二模） 26 福建省九地市2024届高中毕业班第二次质量检测（二模） 27 浙江省杭州市2024届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模） 28 浙江省9+1高中联盟2024届高三3月高考模拟卷 29 山东省济南市2024届高三3月模拟考试（一模） 30 浙江省五校联盟2024届3月联考 31 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第二次适应性考试（二模） 32 江苏省南京市盐城市2024届高三年级第二次模拟考试 33 江苏省苏锡常镇四市2024届高三年级教学情况调研（一模） 34 广东省广州市2024届高三普通高中毕业班综合测试一（一模） 35 江苏省南通市等苏北七市2024届高三第二次调研测试（二模） 36 湖北省八市2024届高三3月联考 37 广东省2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(一) 38 浙江省强基联盟2024届高三下学期3月联考 39 辽宁省名校联盟2024届高三3月份联合考试 40 福建省福州市2024届高三下学期2月份质量检测 41 江苏省G4（苏州中学、淮阴中学、海门中学、姜堰中学）2024届第二学期四校联考 42 安徽省合肥市2024届高三第一次教学质量检测（一模） 43 东北三省三校2024届第一次联合模拟考试 44 广东省深圳市2024年高三第一次调研考试（一模） 45 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生二月调研考试（二调） 46 福建省七地市2024届高三毕业班1月第一次质量检测 47 江苏省常州市2024届高三上学期期末学业水平监测 48 江苏省南通市等苏北六市2024届高三第一次调研测试（一模） 49 山东省济南市2024届高三上学期期末学习质量检测 50 江苏省苏州市2024届高三第一学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷 51 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试2024年1月适应性测试（九省联考） 52 福建省泉州市2024届高中毕业班质量检测（二） 53 江苏省南京市、盐城市2024届高三第一次模拟考试 54 江苏省海安高级中学2024届高三年级12月份测试 55 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） 56 湖南省长沙市长郡中学2024届高三月考试卷（五） 57 八省八校2024届高三第一次学业质量评价（T8联考） 58 广东省广州市2024届高三上学期调研测试（零模） 59 江苏省天一中学、淮阴中学、海门中学、姜堰中学2024届高三12月联考 60 Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2024届高三第二次联考 61 山东省实验中学2024届高三上学期第二次诊断考试（期中） 62 浙江省9+1高中联盟2024届高三上学期期中考试 63 湖北省部分重点中学2024届高三第一次联考 64 浙江省绍兴市2024届高三上学期高考科目诊断性考试（一模） 65 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第一次适应性考试（一模） 66 浙江省杭州市2024届高三上学期11月教学质量检测（一模） 67 江浙高中(县中)发展共同体2024届高三年级10月联考 68 江苏省南京市2024届高三年级9月学情调研 69 湖北省武汉市部分学校2024届高三上学期九月调研考试（九调） 70 福建省泉州市2024届高中毕业班质量检测（一） 2025届高考英语阅读理解CD篇精讲精练70篇解析 01 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I卷） C篇 这篇文章主要讲了在阅读方面，纸质书相比电子书，音频，视频在信息的吸收，专注度，参与度方面都要胜出不少。 28. D. 词义猜测题。本段首句（即本段段落主旨句）提到“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than on screen.”（在阅读几百字以上的文本时，相比于在屏幕上阅读，纸质阅读通常更能促进学习。）即是在强调纸质阅读的好处。后面的句子，如“The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage”即是对段落主旨的论证。因此，这里 "shine through" 的意思是“变得容易注意到”，即变得明显，与段落主旨相呼应，故选 D。 29. A. 推理判断题。根据 "shallowing hypothesis"（浅化假说），人们对待数字文本的态度是轻率的。文中提到 "people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print"（人们以适合社交媒体的心态对待数字文本，这些心态通常不太严肃，因此比起阅读印刷品时投入的精神努力更少）。这说明读者对数字文本的处理较为轻率。故选 A。 30. A. 文中提到 "Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies"（音频和视频比文本更能吸引人，因此大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术）。这说明音频和视频更能吸引学生的注意力。engaging与A选项的hold one's attention属于同义替换。故选 A。 31. C. 文中提到 "for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words"（为了最大限度地提高需要精神集中和反思的学习效果，教育者不应认为所有媒介都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的词语）。这暗示了在教育中，印刷文本不可完全替代。故选 C。同时，C选项也更能呼应全文的中心大意。 D篇 主要讲了在记录生态多样性方面，重点剖析了这些电子记录不靠谱的原因和弥补方案。 32. B. 细节理解题。目前收集到的物种记录大多是电子形式。文中提到"Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records."（今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。）这说明这些记录主要是电子形式的。故选 B。 33. C. 细节理解题。Daru 的研究集中在观测数据上。文中提到"With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application... since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?"（随着科技的进步，人们可以借助移动应用程序轻松地观察不同的物种... 由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些数据是否可用？）这说明他的研究重点是观测数据。故选 C。 34. C. 推理判断题。研究表明，偏差的原因是采样方式不当。文中提到"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it."（我们特别感兴趣的是探索那些倾向于使数据产生偏差的采样方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄一株开花植物的照片，而不是旁边的草。）这说明偏差的原因在于采样方式不当。故选 C。 35. D. 推理判断题。 Daru 对生物多样性应用程序的建议是为公民科学家提供指导。文中提到"Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image."（生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果告知用户哪些区域采样过多，并引导他们前往未被充分采样的地方，甚至物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户请专家确认他们上传的图像。）这说明他的建议是为公民科学家提供指导。这里的have an expert confirm和give guidance to citizen scientists属于同义替换, 故选 D。 02 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考II卷） C篇 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 D篇 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 03 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷） C篇 本文介绍了由俄罗斯政府赞助，面向地区的医疗援助，弘扬了以人为本的价值理念，启发和培养学生的思维品质、人文情怀，培养了学生的理想信念和社会责任感，夯实信仰之基。 第28题C 细节理解题。文章第一段提到“The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers - it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.”（圣卢卡斯列车不载客，只载病人。圣卢卡斯列车是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，这些列车行驶到俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。）这说明这列火车的功能是作为一家移动医院。故选 C。 29. D 推理判断题。第三段提到“The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.”（政府一直在努力想出措施来解决这个问题，尤其是在伏尔加河以东较贫困的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约和扩大财政援助项目，以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。）这表明克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区需要医疗援助。故选 D。 30. D 细节理解题。第四段提到“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock.”（每年有10个月，这列火车在两周内停靠大约八个站点，然后返回地区首府加油和补给。）这表明圣卢卡斯列车每次补给后可以运行大约两周。故选 D。 31.A 观点态度题。最后一段提到“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”（Ducke 说：“我对医生及其助手在如此狭小的空间里工作和生活，却仍然保持专注和关心感到非常印象深刻。他们是许多农村人获得所需治疗的最佳机会。”）这表明 Ducke 对圣卢卡斯列车的服务持欣赏态度。故选 A。 D篇 本篇文章主要探讨如何写出好的结尾，包括分析经典小说结尾技巧，助力作者提升写作。 32. A 细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，作者在大学三年级时正在进行一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究，并刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》。他去找教授讨论小说的结局，故选A项。 33. C 推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，作者在教授的启发下意识到，不同类型的文学作品有其特有的结局。如果想要读一个结局保证是幸福的，就读爱情小说；如果想要一个猜不出的结局，就读悬疑小说。每种类型的文学作品都有其独特的结局，故选C项。 34. B 细节理解题。由第三段内容可知，一个好的结局需要平衡创造性和不可预测性，同时又不能显得突兀，还需要符合角色的发展。故选B项。 35. B 推理判断题。由第四段内容可知，作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期《Writer’s Digest》杂志的主题，即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好的结尾。故选B项。 04 湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学2024届高三下学期五月高考适应性考试 C篇 28-31 ADCC 这是一篇科普说明文，讲述了孤独与独处的关系，以及如何转化我积极的东西。 第28题 A。文中通过William Shakespeare的戏剧角色，作家William Wordsworth等，一直到现在，得出loneliness is often seen as a serious public-health problem孤独的概念，所以是利用“tracing its development”这种方式的，答案是A。 第29题 D。先科普一下Michel Montaigne吧。其于1572年开始独居，一直到1592年逝世，在长达20年的岁月中，Montaigne以对人生的特殊敏锐力，记录了自己在智力和精神上的发展历程，陆续写出了《Montaigne随笔》这部宏篇巨著，为后代留下了极其宝贵的精神财富。所以，作者引用这两个作家、画家的例子，就是证明独处能够提高自己的心理行为能力，The psychological benefits of solitude，答案是D。 第30题 C。文中“It is common to treat loneliness and solitude as synonyms(同义词), but they are not.”，loneliness and solitude是可以相互转化的，答案是C。 第31题 C。首先作者认为Elective solitude affords space for self-reflection（自主选择性的独处可以提供自我反思的空间），是有益处的，但是高度互联的数字时代，很多人do not fancy their chances of ever taking a long enough break to have such experiences没有时间去体验这种独处，所以答案是C。 D篇 32-35 DCBC 本文是一篇科普说明文。江苏了机器人领域的另一个领域----植物机器人FiloBot的现状和未来。这篇文章也不算太难。 第32题 D。文中提到，很多人认为植物机器人they cannot move or think，这就影响到植物机器人的发展，综合分析，Their capabilities选项D正确。 第33题 C。通过“slow pace、3D-print its body”可以排除AB两个选项，D选项It is attached to huge computers在文中并未体现（只是说它的tendrils还没离开实验室）。综合考虑，FiloBot应该是一个轻巧，缓慢移动，可以使用不同环境，可以用于监测等强大用途的机器人。 第34题 B。文中提到，虽然机器人的tendrils还在实验室了，但是it has already been employed in deconstructing plant behaviour.，所以已经是current use，答案是B。 第35题 C。这道题目很简单，通篇讲的是植物机器人FiloBot的相关事情，所以答案是A Plant-Inspired Innovation in Robotics，选C。 05 湖北省武汉市部分学校2024届高三下学期五月模拟训练题 C篇 C篇是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作者通过个人经历强调了临床试验中患者多样性的重要性，并提出了解决这一问题的方法，包括在研究和医疗专业人员中增加多样性，以及通过教育推广来建立信任。 第28题 B 此题考查对文章首段功能的推断。作者在第一段提到自己进行了乳腺癌基因测试并结果为阴性，随后提出了一个问题，质疑这种测试是否对每个人都有益，显示出作者对医疗不平等问题的担忧。答案B正确，首段的目的是展示作者对医疗不平等的担忧。 第29题 C 根据Here's the catch, Research on genetic disease has been based mostly on European people, like me.此题考查对"the catch"短语的理解。"the catch"在这里指的是一个隐藏的问题或困难，即基因疾病研究主要基于像作者这样的欧洲人，而对于其他种族的人如何反应新的治疗方法知之甚少。答案C正确，"the catch"指的是基因疾病研究缺乏多样性的问题。 第30题 D 这个问题问的是什么可能使新的治疗方法惠及所有人。根据原文，The medical team is working on this now, They are building a diverse next generation of gene editing researchers by teaching high school and community college students from different backgrounds about promising technologies like gene editing to encourage them to become future researchers.一个医学团队正在通过教授来自不同背景的高中生和社区大学学生有关基因编辑等有希望的技术，来培养多元化的下一代基因编辑研究人员，并鼓励他们成为未来的研究者。这表明通过在不同社区普及技术，可以鼓励更多元背景的人参与到医疗研究中来，从而使新的治疗方法惠及更广泛的人群。答案D正确，通过在不同社区普及技术，可以鼓励来自不同背景的人参与医疗研究，有助于新的治疗方法惠及所有人。 第31题 A 此题考查作者对高级研究的态度。While science wasn't yet far enough along to save my mother, I have harvested the benefits of advanced research and so should we all.作者在最后一段提到，尽管科学发展得还不够远，无法挽救她的母亲，但她已经从高级研究中受益，并认为我们所有人都应该如此。答案A正确，作者对高级研究持支持态度。 D篇 D篇是一篇科学报道。文章介绍了经济学家Iyan Smith进行了一项实验，通过展示视频和个性测试来提高人们对错误信息的识别能力。研究结果表明，展示视频可以显著降低人们认为假新闻可靠的可能性，但个性测试的效果不大。 第32题 此题考查作者在前两段的意图。A However, it was absolutely fake...Security experts consider misinformation the biggest global risk recently more dangerous than war, and extreme weather events.作者在前两段提到了一个通过人工智能生成的假视频对Dosakia选举产生重大影响的事件，并提到安全专家将错误信息视为比战争和极端天气事件更大的全球风险。答案A正确，作者在前两段的意图是强调AI deepfakes的风险。 第33题 B 此题考查Smith新研究中"有效的推动"是什么。根据原文，The economists find the simple intervention of showing the video makes the participants over 30 percent less likely to "consider fake news reliable".经济学家发现，展示视频这一简单的干预措施使参与者认为假新闻可靠的可能性降低了30%以上。答案B正确，"有效的推动"指的是展示视频这一干预措施。 第34题 B 这个问题问的是研究得出的结论。根据原文，The economists find the simple intervention of showing the video makes the participants over 30 percent less likely to “consider fake news reliable”. But the personality test has little effect. As for participants doing both, they were about 31 percent less likely to view true headlines as reliable, In other words, they became so skeptical that even the truth became suspect.经济学家发现，展示视频这一简单干预措施使参与者认为假新闻可靠的可能性降低了30%以上，但个性测试几乎没有效果。对于那些既看了视频又完成了个性测试的参与者，他们将真实新闻标题视为可靠的可能性降低了约31%，换句话说，他们变得如此怀疑，以至于连真相都变得可疑。答案B正确，研究表明，通过展示视频可以减少人们将假新闻视为可靠的情况，但同时也可能导致他们对真实新闻的怀疑，从而使真相也受到质疑。 第35题 A 此题考查文章的最佳标题。文章主要讨论了错误信息的危害以及经济学家通过实验来研究如何减少错误信息的有效方法。答案A正确，"Battling Fake News"是文章的最佳标题，因为它概括了文章讨论的主要内容。 06 山东省济南市2024届高考针对性训练（三模） C篇 C篇是一篇科学报道。文章介绍了象似性在语言形成中的关键作用，通过实验展示了不同文化背景下人们理解非言语声音的能力。 第8题 C 根据" we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity." 形成新符号的关键过程是使用象似性，即形式和意义之间的联系。“iconicity”可以解释为形式和意义之间的联系。 第9题 A 根据"The winner of the con test was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options."比赛的胜者是根据听众能够根据一组书面选项猜测声音的含义来决定的（以前我们的娱乐项目中有）。关于比赛的信息表明，它需要用声音来表明含义。 第10题 B 文章提到"Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English."这句话指出所有的参赛者和听众都是英语使用者。这暗示了研究可能有一个局限性，即没有考虑到不同语言背景的人。 第11题 C 文章中"Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role."这些研究表明，我们进行象似性交流的能力发挥了关键作用。研究的重要性在于揭示了语言的起源。 D篇 D篇是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了一种新的计算机模拟技术，该技术可以帮助牙医更精确地设计和规划牙齿矫正治疗方案，提高治疗效率。 第12题 B 根据"And interventions are based entirely upon the estimate of dentists and involve a great deal of trial and error, which can lead to too many visits to the dentist's."这句话描述了目前牙科治疗的状态，即基于牙医的估计进行干预，涉及大量的试错，可能导致过多的牙医访问。第一段主要关于目前牙科治疗的现状。 第13题 D 通过"To create these simulations, the computer model was used to map sets of human teeth after getting detailed CT images of teeth and the small, fine structures between the jawbone and the teeth."为了创建这些模拟，计算机模型被用来映射人的牙齿集，并获取牙齿及颌骨与牙齿之间细小结构的详细CT图像。创建3D模拟的第一步是获取牙齿的详细信息。 第14题 C 根据"However, we need to set up a sufficiently big database if digital twins are to really take root and benefit the healthcare industry," Erleben said, "In the future, the virtual model can be used to plan, design and improve, and can therefore be used to operate companies, robots, factories and used much more in the energy, healthcare and other fields." Erleben表示，如果数字孪生要真正生根并惠及医疗保健行业，我们需要建立一个足够大的数据库。在未来，虚拟模型可以用来规划、设计和改进，因此可以用来运营公司、机器人、工厂，以及在能源、医疗保健等领域的更多应用。Professor Erleben对数字孪生的态度是看好的（favorable）。 第15题 D 文章提到"Professor Erleben and his team created a computer model that creates accurate 3D simulations of an individual patient's jaw, which dentists can use to predict how sets of braces should be designed to best straighten a patient's teeth and plan the best possible treatment."这段话描述了Erleben教授和他的团队如何创建一个计算机模型来生成个体患者颌部的精确3D模拟，牙医可以使用这个模型来预测应该如何设计牙套以最好地矫正患者的牙齿，并规划最佳可能的治疗方案。文章的合适标题是如何通过虚拟模型辅助牙医。 07 湖北省武汉市武昌区 2024届高三年级5月质量检测 C篇 C篇是一篇议论文。文章介绍了航空业对全球变暖的影响，介绍了国际航空碳补偿计划CORSIA，并分析了碳补偿面临的挑战和问题，最后作者也认为净零排放的战略是一条死胡同，表达了作者对CORSIA计划的批判态度。 第28题 D。 文章中"Cutting the sector’s impact on global warming is high on the agenda."文中提到航空业对全球变暖有很大的影响，需要进行改革以减少这种影响。选项D "An industry which needs reforming" 正确地描述了航空业在文中的指代。 第29题 D。 根据"CORSIA aims to keep CO2 emissions at 2019 levels through such purchases for emissions over that year’s baseline." 根据国际航空碳补偿计划CORSIA的目标，通过购买排放信用来保持二氧化碳排放量在2019年的水平，这意味着航空公司购买排放信用是为了补偿超过基线排放的部分。选项D "To make up for emissions over the baseline" 正确地解释了为什么航空公司需要购买排放信用。 第30题 B。 该段提到“The track record of reliable accounting in these industries is poor，They make it easier for accountants to claim a net reduction in emissions even though the atmosphere sees little or no benefit.”以及最后一句“Evidence is mounting that offsetting as a strategy for reaching net zero is a dead end.”越来越多的证据表明，将抵消作为一种达到净零排放的策略是一个死胡同。因此，一些政策具有欺骗性，以创造更多的抵消信用。它暗示了在缺乏可靠基线和有效监督的情况下，一些项目可能会利用不切实际的假设来增加抵消信用的数量，而不是真正减少温室气体排放。 第31题 A。 根据最关键的这句话"Evidence is mounting that offsetting as a strategy for reaching net zero is a dead end."作者认为，将抵消作为一种达到净零排放的策略是一个死路。选项A "Disapproving" 正确地反映了作者对国际碳交易计划CORSIA（Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation）的态度，是失望的。 D篇 D篇是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了电动汽车电池技术的最新进展，包括锂硫、锂空气和量子电池技术，这些技术将使续航里程和充电时间大幅升级。 第32题 B。 根据" The battery can handle summer heat and winter cold extremes, and in real-world driving conditions, its lifespan should be 1, 000 cycles or ten years"（这种电池可以应对夏季的高温和冬季的严寒，在现实的驾驶条件下，它的寿命可达1000次循环或10年）这意味着它有助于延长电池的充放电周期。选项B "It can lengthen battery’s cycle life" 正确地描述了Kevlar的作用。A项是quantum charging是技术，C项未提及，D项说法错误。 第33题 B。 文章提到"because it is a tiny amount of the cost of metals like what is used in Li-ion battery electrodes, and there is simply more of it."（因为它的成本远远低于用于锂离子电池电极的金属，而且硫的储量更多），选项B "It is less expensive and more accessible" 正确地总结了硫作为电动汽车电池材料的优势。需要说明的是选项D的意思是对的，但不是fantastic option，一个材料要想成为最佳选择，一定是适用性和普惠性，显然B项才是最佳答案。 第34题 D。 根据"And once investments in quantum charging and batteries are made, it could revolutionize transport and the way we use energy worldwide."（一旦对量子充电和电池进行投资，它可能会彻底改变运输和我们在全球范围内使用能源的方式），说明现在还有对量子电池进行投资。选项D "More investments are needed in quantum technology" 正确地从最后一段中推断出需要对量子技术进行更多的投资。 第35题 D。 这道题比较难，也是我最害怕做的标题题。根据"Electric vehicles (EVs) are due for huge upgrades in driving range and charging times as new battery technologies are introduced."整篇文章讨论了新电池技术如何对电动汽车的续航里程和充电时间带来巨大的提升。选项D "How Will Reformed Lithium Batteries Influence Evs?" 作为标题最恰当地概括了文章的主要内容。A选项并没有在本文研究，B项“What Is The Future Road Of EVs?”的意思是探讨电动车未来之路，显然扩大的本文的中心思想，本文仅讨论几种新型电池的可能性，C项未提及，最终正确答案是D。 08 Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2024届高三第三次联考 C篇 C篇描述了诺曼·福斯特设计的卡塔尔卢塞尔塔楼，强调了其设计上的创新和对环境的适应性。 第28题 D。 文章中Foster提到“It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in.”（这不是一个时尚的想法，而是从我们所处的现实中产生的），这表明他认为高楼应该是实用的。 第29题 B。 本题比较简单，文中提到 “Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Qatar's tallest buildings”，卢塞尔塔楼即将成为卡塔尔最高的建筑，答案选B。 第30题 A。 文章中提到，为了应对卡塔尔炎热的气候，福斯特的团队不得不使用一种非传统的材料来覆盖塔楼，"coated with 'marine-grade' aluminum"。A肯定是对的，B选项不是减少而是“optimize”（优化），C选项没有Replacing，D选项只是“reduce solar radiation by 70%”而不是免受辐射。 第31题 C。 文章中提到“the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.”（广场的地面特征将在未来将该地区转变为一个充满活力的公共空间的目标中发挥重要作用。）可知"low-scale master plan"的目标是将该地区转变为未来的活跃公共空间，"transforming the area into a lively public space for the future"。 D篇 D篇讨论了传粉昆虫数量下降对植物繁殖进化的影响，以及这种变化对生态系统可能产生的负面效应。 第32题 C 文章中提到，花朵的繁殖进化可能与环境变化有关，如栖息地破坏和传粉者生物多样性的快速下降，"the evolution of one flower species's mating system has revealed a remarkable change that could worsen the challenges faced by the plants insect partners"。 第33题 A 文章中提到，与现代的三色堇相比，过去的三色堇自花传粉较少，因此吸引了更多的传粉者，"the pansies of the past self-fertilized less and attracted far more pollinators than those of the present"。 第34题 B 文章中提到，这些变化可能限制植物适应未来环境变化的能力，并对所有花卉生物多样性产生影响，"have implications for all of floral biodiversity"，暗示野生植物传粉者的进化正在崩溃。 第35题 B 文章主要讨论了开花植物自花传粉的进化及其对传粉者的影响，"Many flowering plants can self-pollinate" 和 "today's flowers are smaller and produce less nectar as a result of increased self-pollination"，因此最佳标题是"Flowering Plants: Selfing"。 09 福建省厦门市2024届高三毕业班第四次质量检测 C篇 C篇为旅行日记。作者访问蒙古的一位游牧牧民家庭，描述了接待他们的传统、牧民的生活方式及其与现代化的交织。 第28题 D 作者描述了访问牧民家庭时的经历，包括不需要敲门，直接用“Hold your dog”作为问候，以及无条件的接纳任何旅行者，这表明了牧民的友好和开放性。 第29题 A 文章末尾提到“nomadism is complicatedly woven into the country’s spirit”, 并且指出现代生活正在迅速影响草原上的人们，这表明游牧文化正在经历现代化的过程。 第30题 D Batbayer说到自己不会因为互联网的便利而牺牲家畜的福祉，“I would never choose Facebook over the wellbeing of the animals”，显示了他对家畜福祉的重视。 第31题 A 整篇文章是作者亲自经历的关于访问蒙古一个游牧牧民家庭的叙述，有着典型的旅行日记的第一人称视角和亲身体验的描述。 D篇 D篇为科普解释文。文章探讨了在大脑中进行无声阅读时，其实相当于在大脑中有一个声音在朗读每个词汇，并解释了为什么同时阅读和听人说话是困难的。 第32题 A 文章中提到尝试同时理解电视和收音机的话语，此处“simultaneously”明显是指“同时”。 第33题 A 第三段中提到“When you try to understand two people speaking at the same time, this region effectively blocks one voice while it allows the other to pass through the B/W bottleneck. Any information that does not immediately make it through the B/W network disappears completely”意思是当你试图同时理解两个人的说话时，这个区域有效地阻挡了一个声音，同时让另一个声音通过布罗卡/韦尼克瓶颈。任何没有立即通过布罗卡/韦尼克网络的信息将完全消失，故选A. 第34题 B 鉴于作者讨论了同时阅读和理解说话内容的困难，推理出作者可能支持在需要集中阅读时避免打扰的情境。 第35题 B　文章主要论述无声阅读在大脑中其实不是无声的，这与B选项的描述“阅读不就是一场沉默的对话吗”最为贴切，形成了引入文章主题的概念连接。 10 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第三次适应性考试（三模） C篇 C篇是一篇议论文。文章介绍了2023年的数据显示不足三分之一的美国成人达到推荐的体育活动量，研究指出人们天生倾向于节省能量，现代生活加剧了这一倾向，导致普遍的体力不活跃。 第28题 C 原文中提到：“According to data published in 2023, less than a third of U.S. adults get the government-recommended amount of physical activity in their free time,” 这表明很多美国成年人没有达到政府推荐的体育活动量，因此选项 C 正确反映了数据显示的大多数美国人在自由时间内的体育活动量不足。 第29题 D Lieberman 解释说，人类演化出耐受高强度活动的能力，但也为了在不必要移动时节约能量。“That voice ‘I don’t want to exercise,’ is completely normal and natural," he says. 这反映了自然的节能倾向，使人们本能地抗拒不必要的体力活动，因此 D 选项正确。 第30题 B 划线之前的内容提到 Matthieu Boisgontier 的研究中，通过控制数字化身来研究大脑对待运动的反应。研究发现，避开久坐行为需要更多的大脑能量，从而指出我们有一个“自动倾向”来选择休息而不是活动。这里的“that phenomenon”指的是这种自动倾向于避免体育活动。选项 B 正确。 第31题 D Boisgontier 说明，虽然自然本能不坏，但现代生活给了我们太多屈服于休息偏好的机会，已经达到了对健康不再有益的极端。“we have reached an extreme that is no longer beneficial to our health,” 这表明他反对当前社会普遍的体力不活跃状态，因此选项 D 正确。 D篇 D篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在经济不确定性下，消费者倾向于购买小奢侈品，零售商相应调整策略以适应市场变化。 第32题 C 原文中提到，“shoppers are likely to tap into the re-sale market for designer items at a more reasonable price.” 说明购物者可能会在二手市场上寻找价格更合理的设计师商品，这可以被视为合理价格的奢侈品，因此选项 C 正确。 第33题 A 第四段主要提到零售商如何适应消费者对小奢侈品的转向，例如 Target 引入了“affordable joy”概念，并通过提供多样化的产品和引入感觉奢华但价格更低的商品来吸引更多消费者，因此这一段主要讲述了零售商使用的策略。选项 A 正确。 第34题 D 原文中 Ethan 提到，即便是那些仍然渴望社交媒体上的“必备品”的人也会寻找交易，“They want the feeling of purchasing lower-priced affordable treats.”这意味着他们在寻找预算友好的乐趣，因此选项 D 正确。 第35题 D 整篇文章讨论了在经济困难时期，消费者如何转向购买小奢侈品，以及零售商如何响应这一需求。文章的核心主题是小奢侈品如何成为消费的驱动力。因此，选项 D“小奢侈品：消费背后的推动力”是最合适的标题。 11 江苏省南京市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试（三模） C篇 C篇文章介绍了一款名为VEST的新型设备,它能将声音转化为振动频率,传递到佩戴者的皮肤,引导大脑对声音信号进行再编码,从而帮助听障人士感知外界声音。作者从"人体感知世界的方式"这一话题引出,介绍了VEST的工作原理和应用前景,表达了对科技发展带来革命性改变的期待。文章还提到,VEST的发明者Eagleman希望这项技术不仅能造福听障群体,更能拓展全人类感知世界的维度。中心思想:科技发展为人类感知世界提供了更多可能性,VEST等新型设备的问世将推动人机交互模式的革新,最终造福人类。 第28题 D 问VEST是什么。文章第二段明确说明,VEST是一件可穿戴的设备,通过32个微型马达将声波转化为背部的振动。因此,D选项"A wearable sound-vibration transformer(一种可穿戴的声音-振动转换器)"准确概括了VEST的特点和功能，故选D。 第29题 D 第三段按时间顺序介绍了VEST的工作原理:先由电脑或手机捕捉环境声音,将其分解为一组特定频率;每个频率激活VEST上的一个马达;大脑经过学习,逐渐将一系列振动解读为声音和语言。因此,正确的流程应为:声音分解(sounds to be decomposed)→马达激活(motors to be activated)→语言解读(words to be interpreted),对应D选项②①③。 第30题 B 根据第五段语境,作者认为VEST未来可以在许多领域得到应用(deployed),如帮助飞行员解读飞机状况,宇航员感知空间站的运行情况。由此可知,deployed在此处应理解为"投入使用,得到应用",对应B选项"Employed(使用)"。 第31题 A 全文围绕VEST这一新型设备展开,通过介绍其工作原理、应用前景等,表达了作者对这种"皮肤听觉"的期许之情。因此,标题可概括为"用皮肤聆听(Listen with Your Skin)",即A选项。 D篇 D篇讲述了NASA选出的2023年12月25日天文图片“宫殿、山脉、月亮”，由意大利都灵年轻摄影师Valerio拍摄。他经过精心策划和多次尝试，成功捕捉到月亮与宫殿和山脉的完美结合，画面独特且富有诗意。 第32题 C 根据原文“Though he knew about NASA's competition, he hadn't considered participating until receiving much encouragement from his social media followers.”可知Valerio本来不想参加这个比赛，但是由于社交媒体上的粉丝鼓励他才决定参加，故选C。 第33题 B 根据原文“After numerous visits over several months, he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right.”可知，Valerio经过多次实地考察，终于确定了四个地点都灵大教堂、蒙维索山是刚好排列的，原文“planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.”可知，Valerio想要让月亮也加入这个队列，因此可得出这三者应该是在一条直线上排列的。故选B。 第34题 A 根据原文“With this in mind, he researched the Moon's phases”可知，Valerio为了拍出这么完美的照片研究了月亮的相位变化，故选A。 第35题 C 根据原文“This meant that in the photo, not only was its crescent lit up, but so was the left part, its shadowed side. That part is lit by reflected light, also known as Da Vinci's glow”可知，照片中，月亮的渐盈阶段不仅照亮了新月，还照亮了它的左侧部分，即被阴影覆盖的一侧月之暗面，这部分的亮光是由反射光产生的，也就是所谓的“达芬奇之光”，故选C。 12 江苏省南通等苏北八市2024届高三第三次调研测试（三模） C篇 C篇文章探讨了狗狗对人类语言的理解能力，特别是对指称性词语的理解。 第28题 D 根据文章第一段和第二段，狗狗可以对主人的命令作出反应，但是它们对名词的理解很困难，为了研究这个谜团，博罗斯教授决定进行实验，因此可以判断，研究集中在狗对于名词理解的能力。 第29题 B 定位到文章第三段，主要讲述了18对狗和主人的实验过程，主人被要求说出狗狗知道的单词，拿着匹配的物体或者不同物体，来测量小狗的大脑活动，所以答案是B，实验的过程。 第30题 D 根据文章第四段，当主人提到了对狗非常熟悉的物体，但是展示的是一个不同的物体时，脑电波的结果是最强的，因此此题选D。 第31题 C 在最后一段表示，研究人员目前很想知道，这种理解语言的能力是狗特有的，还是所有哺乳动物都具备，他们想要了解更多，因此可以推断出C选项，对未来研究的期望。 D篇 D篇文章写了假话为何会在人类文化中传播，由于人类和世界并不是完全理性的，并详细阐述了这一现象。 第32题 A 由第一段句尾“This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans.”（这是因为错误信息源于人类同胞，并由人类同胞传播。），可知假信息由人类传播。故本题选A。 第33题 B 由第三段“The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember.”（我们大脑中形成记忆和学习的更为成熟的基本系统在很大程度上依赖于情绪。情绪越刺激的东西，就越容易记住。），可知人类并不是完全理智，讲逻辑的生物。有时候情绪化。故本题选B。 第34题 B 本段通过a crucial school exam，we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen等举例子来阐述自己的观点，本段无确切的数字，引用或理念阐释，故选B。 第35题 D 本文是一篇科普说明文，从fake news引出 wild claims，以及分析人们为什么会不相信有科学依据的事实而是喜欢听小道消息的原因，更多讲述了“情绪越刺激的东西，就越容易记住。”在人类传播的这一现象，故选D。 13 南京师大附中，杭州二中、长郡中学三校2024届高三4月联考 C篇 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。文章介绍了研究的具体发现以及相应的应对建议。 【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段““The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study. (该研究的合著者Emma Zang说：“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们追踪了北卡罗来纳州那些年的每一位学生，追踪了他们在公立学校上学的整个时间。”)”可知，这项研究最大的优势是收集了更全面的数据。故选B。 【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“So, when they’re exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don’t have the resources to lessen the negative influences. (所以，当他们暴露在同样水平的空气污染中时，他们没有资源来减轻负面影响)”可知，少数族裔和女孩缺乏减少空气污染影响的资源。故选C。 【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.” (“美国的PM2.5污染水平相对较低，但生活在低于当前PM2.5年空气质量标准地区的学生，在考试成绩方面仍然受到空气污染的负面影响，”Zang说。“我们应该致力于提高PM2.5年度标准，以更好地保护我们的孩子。”)”可知，臧在第三段提供建议。故选A。 【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences. (研究人员说，接下来的研究将包括观察这些发现是否在不同的领域也适用，以及族裔和性别差异背后的原因)”可推知，后续研究的重点可能是调查结果对其他区域的适用性。故选A。 D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了法国葡萄酒消费下降，年轻人更健康意识，啤酒流行挑战传统，低端酒过剩致农民受影响，国家面貌变化。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“French schools once prized the nutritional value of wine. So commonly was it served to children that in 1956 the government banned wine in school canteens—and even then, only for the under-14s. France was the world’s biggest wine producer last year. A bottle of wine has long been to the French meal what fast driving is to the German motorway: an ordinary habit, national right and personal pleasure. (法国学校一度重视葡萄酒的营养价值。1956年，英国政府禁止学校食堂供应葡萄酒，即便如此，也仅限14岁以下儿童饮用。去年，法国是世界上最大的葡萄酒生产国。长久以来，一瓶葡萄酒之于法国大餐，就像快速驾驶之于德国高速公路：一种普通的习惯、国家的权利和个人的乐趣。)”可知，葡萄酒消费在法国历史悠久。故选C项。 【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Most important, a health-conscious younger generation is drinking less. (最重要的是，注重健康的年轻一代正在减少饮酒。)”可知，为了健康，法国人少喝酒。故选A项。 【34题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“No- and low-alcohol drinks are spreading. A younger generation is rejecting old Mediterranean habits. In an attempt to “speak to Generation Z by adopting its codes”, Pernod Ricard, a drinks giant, runs a marketing campaign with the slogan “Drink more…water”. (无酒精和低酒精饮料正在普及。年轻一代正在摒弃地中海的旧习惯。为了“通过采纳Z世代的准则来与他们对话”，饮料巨头保乐力加发起了一场以“多喝水”为口号的营销活动。)”可知，由此推断，Le dry January是指一种减少酒精摄入的运动，特别是减少葡萄酒消费。A. A season of poor grape harvest葡萄歉收的季节；B. A period when the weather is dry天气干燥的时期；C. An organization advocating drinking water提倡饮用水的组织；D. A campaign calling for less wine consumption呼吁减少葡萄酒消费的运动。故选D项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, consumption of high-quality wine remains strong. But the decline of cheaper stuff has wider consequences for France. Last summer the government allowed €200m to buy surplus low-end wine that producers could not sell. In some areas, farmers are tearing off lesser vines (葡萄藤) altogether. Less alcohol may improve health, but not necessarily the mood or landscapes of rural France. (当然，高品质葡萄酒的消费依然强劲。但是廉价商品的减少对法国有更广泛的影响。去年夏天，政府允许2亿欧元购买生产商卖不出去的过剩低端葡萄酒。在一些地区，农民们甚至将较小的葡萄藤全部拔掉。少喝酒可以改善健康，但不一定能改善法国乡村的心情或风景。)” 可知，低档葡萄酒消费下降导致生产者面临销售困难，甚至需要政府干预购买剩余葡萄酒，以及部分农民不得不拔除葡萄藤，这说明并非所有法国人都从葡萄酒消费下降中获益。故选D项。 14 江苏省苏锡常镇四市2024届高三年级教学情况调研二（二模） C篇 C 篇介绍了一个研究团队用soft使得失语的人重新恢复说话的能力，属于新科学研究类文章。 28.D 细节题。D, 根据第一段最后一句可知, 作者想告诉我们"失语症是一个值得关注的问题", D 选项符合文意。A,"肺部容易受损"文中只字未提; B,"人声是独特的"虽在第一段提到, 但不是作者的中心思想; C,"声带的振动产生声音"只是一个客观事实的陈述, 并非作者想要强调的重点。 29. A 细节题。A, 根据第四段第一句可知, 作者提到"magnetoelastic effect"是为了解释软贴片的工作原理。B,"提出一个解决方案"不够具体; C,"介绍面临的挑战"文中并未提及; D,"进行比较"也与文意不符。这道题的解题关键是准确定位作者提到专业术语"magnetoelastic effect"的位置, 即第四段开头。接下来要分析作者在这里引入该概念的意图, 从上下文可以判断出, 作者是为了解释软贴片的工作原理, 故 A 选项正确。其他三个选项或是表述笼统, 或是无中生有, 都不符合文意。 30.D 推断题。D, 根据第四段和第五段的内容可推断, 软贴片的功能是将喉部肌肉运动转化为电信号。A,"预测五个不同的句子"是研究人员训练机器学习模型的结果, 不是软贴片本身的功能; B,"消除背景磁场"文中未提及; C,"减缓喉部肌肉运动"与文意相悖。这道题需要根据文章细节进行合理推断。我们在第四段和第五段找到相关线索: 软贴片利用"磁弹性效应", 将喉部肌肉运动引起的磁场变化转化为电信号, 研究人员再利用这些信号训练机器学习模型。由此可以推断, 软贴片的核心功能就是将肌肉运动转化为电信号, 故 D 选项正确。而其选项或是无关信息, 或是错误推断。 31. C 主旨题。C,"用创新贴片克服失语症"概括了全文的中心思想, 切合文章主旨。A,"恢复声音的重要性"只涉及文章背景, 不够全面; B,"生物工程研究中的算法"只是文中一个细节, 非重点; D,"发现沟通设备的原理"表述不够准确。这是一道考查把握文章中心的题目。在四个选项中, C 选项最全面地概括了文章的主题, 即研究人员开发了一种创新的软贴片来帮助克服失语症。而其他选项或是片面, 或是偏离中心, 都不如 C 选项贴切。做这类主旨大意题时, 要注意审题, 区分文章的主次信息, 找出最佳选项。 D篇 D篇介绍了互联网时代自动消费的普遍，这种消费没有被消费者意识到。 32. B 细节题。根据题干"What can we know about background spending in paragraph 2?", 我们可以判断出这是一道细节题, 考察学生定位和提取文章细节信息的能力。解题关键是找到第二段中对 background spending 特点的描述。该段提到"Think of it as automated trade. Spending without the trouble of spending. Acquisition without action. Or thought."。可以看出,作者是在描述背景支出的特征 (feature), 即它是一种自动化的、不需要思考或行动的消费。因此, B 选项 its feature 正确, 它符合文章对背景支出特征的表述。而 A 选项 purpose、C 选项 procedure 和 D 选项 requirement 都未在第二段明确提及, 属于无中生有的干扰项。 33. B 细节题。根据第三段"Not a single person surveyed knew what their actual monthly spending was.", 可知 B 选项 Some people's poor habit 符合文意。A 项 Its attractive price 与文中信息不符; C 项 Its secure service 文中未提及; D 项 Its requirement 在上题已排除。本题是典型的细节题, 考察学生准确获取文中信息的能力。只要仔细阅读第三段, 就不难发现作者明确指出, 调查中无一人知晓自己每月在订阅上的实际支出, 由此可见 B 选项是正确答案。 34. D 推断题。本题问"为什么订阅模式对企业有吸引力?"。根据倒数第二段的信息"While these subscriptions promise ease and happiness, not all of us are satisfied. Last year, the Kearney Consumer Institute surveyed people about which subscriptions they have too many of. Almost half of us also think we pay too much for streaming video-on-demand subscriptions.", 可以推断出, 订阅模式之所以受企业欢迎, 是因为它带来了预期的利润, 而并非 B 选项所说的"像传统广告"。文中提到尽管消费者对订阅服务不满, 但依然愿意付费, 这意味着企业从订阅模式中获得了可观的收益, 故 D 选项正确。这道题考察学生的逻辑推理能力和综合分析能力。做这道题目的时候不能局限于某一句话, 而要结合上下文, 探究言外之意, 这样才能做出合理的推断。 35. C 态度题。题目问作者对背景支出的态度。根据最后一段的表述"While these subscriptions promise ease and happiness, not all of us are satisfied. Last year, the Kearney Consumer Institute surveyed people about which subscriptions they have too many of. Almost half of us also think we pay too much for streaming video-on-demand subscriptions.", 可以看出作者对背景支出持批评态度, 认为消费者为此付出了太多, 而收效甚微。C 选项 approving 与作者的批评态度相符合。这道题考察学生辨识作者态度的能力。我们不仅要看作者的直接表述, 更要注意分析其言语中流露出的情感倾向。"not all of us are satisfied" "pay too much"等词语明显带有贬义色彩, 体现了作者对背景支出模式的不认同。做此类题目时要学会透过现象看本质、透过语言看情感。 15 山东省2024届名校考试联盟4月高考模拟考试（济南二模） C篇 8-11 BDBA 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了犹他州斯普林维尔老年中心的老人们完成各种大型拼图的过程。喜悦以及益处。 第8 B。文中“completed a 5,000-piece Disney puzzle”，5000块的拼图成功了，所以Tori Eaton才想买一个更大的，答案选B。需要注意的是C项The creation of a larger puzzle，并不是Tori的意图，他的意图是让老人们得到锻炼。 第9 D。根据“Another great thing was that we can get people out of their houses to enjoy some fun companionship. Loneliness is a terrible thing for older people. Getting together to work for a couple of hours on a puzzle can make a huge difference.”这段话强调，拼图活动有助于减轻老年人的孤独感，为他们提供了与人互动的机会，因而选项D是正确的。 第10题 B。 文中描述了 Ruth Nielsen 的体验：“I really liked the feeling of commitment and there was a feeling of community spirit in putting all those tiny pieces together into something beautiful,” said Nielsen,这句话支持了拼图活动能够增进社区精神和集体参与感的发现，且通过Nielson的个人感受加强了这一点。 第11题 A。 最后一段提到，拼图完成后，所有人都进行了拍照并对其进行了欣赏约三周时间，然后决定将其借给另一个老年中心，让那里的成员也能享受到相同的成就感和团结感，所以应该是It was well received. D篇 12-15 DCBB D篇是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人们如何更容易从他们喜欢的人那里学习并整合记忆，基于Ines Bramao及其团队在认知神经科学领域的一系列实验。通过实验发现，信息的呈现者影响记忆整合，且研究结果可应用于日常生活中。 第12题 D。 第一段中，“Our brains are ‘programmed’ to learn more from people we like—and less from those we dislike,” 暗示这是我们大脑天生决定的行为模式，而不是后天培养或加强的能力。因此，“Nature-decided”最接近原文中“programmed”的含义，表明这是一种内在的、自然决定的机制。 第13题 C。 第三段描述了实验和其结论：“It turned out that memory integration was influenced by who presented it. If it was a person the participant liked, connecting the information was easier compared to when the information came from someone the participant disliked.”这指出信息的呈现者在连接信息时很重要。结果表明，如果参与者喜欢某人，那么连接他们提供的信息就更容易。 第14题 B。 Ines解释他的发现应用时提供了一个假设性场景：“Suppose a politician…”这种用“suppose”开始的叙述表明是在做假设，进而解释这些研究发现如何应用于实际生活情境中。他通过假设一个政治家提高税收以改善医疗保健的例子来说明我们如何基于我们喜欢的信息源更新或形成知识。 第15题 B。 整个文本集中在展示是谁向我们提供信息会影响我们对信息的记忆和整合，即观众如何影响记忆整合。由Ines Bramao和他的团队进行的实验结果显示，我们更容易从我们喜欢的人那里学到东西，而不是从我们不喜欢的人那里学到。因此，最合适的标题是“Who impacts memory integration”，因为它精确地概括了研究的主题和结论。 16 山东省潍坊市2024届高三下学期第二次模拟考试 C篇 C篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代人中的早起者可能由于继承了数万年前尼安德特人的DNA。研究比较了现代人与尼安德特人化石的DNA，发现两者在控制昼夜节律的基因变异上存在相似性，这些基因变异与早起行为有关，同时也指出这种遗传特征可能帮助人类适应新环境的光照变化。 第8题 B 文章开头提到，“Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research.” 这句话直接指出研究聚焦于基因对早起习惯的影响。 第9题 A 第二段通过讨论早期人类如何与尼安德特人交配以及他们的DNA如何影响现代人，提供了这一研究的历史背景。它解释了Neanderthal DNA和现代人睡眠节律（circadian rhythm）之间的联系的历史背景。 第10题 D 文章指出，“Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight.” 这里提到尼安德特人的DNA让他们(指现代人的先祖)拥有了更快、更灵活的内部生物钟，这表明携带这些基因的现代人在他们的昼夜节律上或许有优势，而不是仅仅因为它使他们更早起床。 第11题 C 最后一段讨论了这一发现“一天可能用于改善现代世界的睡眠，其中昼夜节律因为夜班和发光的智能手机而受到干扰。”虽然文章中强调这项研究仅限于来自U.K. Biobank的DNA样本，并且还需要在其他遗传数据库中进行进一步研究，但提出了这些发现可能有实际应用的潜力，尤其是在改进现代世界中人们的睡眠模式方面。 D篇 D篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《The Anxious Generation》一书，指出书中关于屏幕时间导致青少年心理疾病的观点缺乏科学支持，并探讨了社交媒体与心理健康的关系，强调需要基于科学的有效措施来应对青少年危机。 第12题 C 文章第一段中提到：“However, the book’s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children’s brains and causing the epidemic of mental illness is unsupported by science.”（然而，这本书一再暗示，数字技术正在重新连接我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神疾病的流行，这是没有科学依据的。）这表明书中提出了青少年的心理疾病源于屏幕时间的观点，与选项C直接相关。 第13题 D 在第三段中，“Several analyses and systematic reviews centralize on the same message.” 后面紧接着提到了：“An analysis done in 72 countries shows no consistent or measurable associations between well-being and social media globally.” 这说明“同一信息”是指全球范围内，没有一致或可测量的证据显示社交媒体与幸福感之间有关联。因此，选项D（社交媒体不必然导致心理疾病）正确解释了文中“the same message”的内容。 第14题 A 文章最后一段指出：“We have a generation in crisis and in desperate need of the best of what science and evidence-based solutions can offer.” 明确表明了当前的危机状态以及对科学和基于证据的解决方案的迫切需求，从而暗示需要采取有效措施，因此选项A（需要采取有效措施）是对最后一段内容的正确理解。 第15题 D 文章的作者批评了一本书中的论述，指出其缺乏科学依据，并强调了解决青少年心理健康问题的实际需求和困境。此外，作者表达了作为心理学家和父母的看法，希望能为这一代青少年提供真正的帮助。选项D（为儿童心理问题发声）透露了作者通过撰写本文的主要目的，即增强公众对青少年心理健康问题的认识和关注。 17 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生四月调研考试 C篇 C篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了秘鲁准备通过新法律，简化调查及惩处学术欺诈行为的过程，包括支付以加入论文作者的不诚实行为。 第28题 B 文章中提到，Peru’s national science agency 在打击学术不端行为时，撤销了两名被指控不诚实出版的科学家在国家注册册上的资格。这支持了答案B，即撤销两名科学家的注册资格。 第29题 C Edward Málaga Trillo 表示不诚实的出版行为“transcend mere moral misbehavior”因为它们使研究者能够在不告知真相的情况下获得政府和私人资助。这里的“transcend”意指这种行为超越了单纯的道德失范，扩大到更严重的后果，选项C“超越”是对“transcend”最准确的解释。 第30题 C 文章中提到，有些研究者认为，导致虚假作者增加的一个原因是2014年的一项法律，该法律旨在通过奖励提升出版产量的研究者来刺激研究。尽管这项法律的初衷是刺激研究活动，但它意外地导致了虚假作者数量增加，因此答案C正确描述了这一法律的后果。 第31题 D Nahuel Monteblanco 指出，多篇论文有很多不同国家的合作者而他们之前很少在同一主题上发布过文章，这是可疑的迹象。及提到：“If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect.” 因此，答案D“来自不同国家的共作者”最有可能招致怀疑。 D篇 D篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，虽然某些物种表面上未随时间进化，实际上它们通过短期内不断选择有利特质来提高生存率，但是长期看这些进化抵消了，导致无显著变化。 第32题 C 文章第一段提到“coelacanth, a modern-day fish, is nearly identical to its 410-million-year-old fossils。”这是为了给出一个几乎未发生变化的物种的例子，以此来引入一些物种似乎逃避自然选择，仍然保持未变的讨论。 第33题 B 第二段讨论了科学家们长期以来对于某些物种如何保持不变的普遍看法，即自然选择通过选择中等或平均品质（即稳定性选择）而非极端品质（即定向选择）来保持一些物种不变。因此，本段的焦点在于描述了一个关于物种不变的普遍信念。 第34题 B 文章提到，Stroud及其同事通过“每六个月捕获这些物种的成员，连续三年进行测量”，跟踪研究对象。这说明他们是通过实地捕捉和追踪这些蜥蜴，对其身体特征进行多次测量以收集研究数据的。 第35题 D 文章最后一句提到，Stroud还在继续访问蜥蜴，以帮助回答“当蜥蜴的环境发生更剧烈变化时会发生什么”的这个更大的问题。这表明他可能会在未来研究蜥蜴在极端条件下的表现，以进一步了解适应性和进化。 18 广东省深圳市2024届高三年级第二次调研考试 C篇 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人脑和身体在病理上的紧密联系以及给我们治疗疾病带来的启示。考查考生对语篇细节信息的理解能力和基于信息进行推断的能力。核心价值在于引导考生关注医学研究领域的最新信息，培养学生辩证看待事物的关系的能力以及探究问题的科学精神。 28．答案:D。细节理解题，根据文章第一段的“Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body?”可知，研究人员想知道大脑跟身体是不是真的如此分离开，也就是他们是否联系紧密，因此答案为D。 29．答案:B。推理判断题，根据本段内容可知，作者先提出“有许多脑部疾病与身体其他部分改变相关”，然后举例说明了帕金森病和婴儿脑部疾病，都与身体其他部位的感染有关，因此答案为B。 30．答案:C。细节理解题，根据文章第四段的“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier."可知答案为C。 31．答案:D。推理判断题，根据最后一段内容可知，实验室中接受特定大脑区域刺激的小老鼠能拥有更健康的心脏，这给我们启示:我们不认为是大脑造成的身体疾病有可能跟大脑有关，这些身体疾病的治疗也可以从大脑入手，因此答案为D。 D篇 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了各领域的研究人员对切蛋糕这一问题的本质和方法的研究以及切蛋糕的规则在解决现实问题中的应用。考查考生对词汇、语篇中具体信息的理解，以及对语段、语篇主旨进行归纳总结的能力。核心价值在于引导考生关注社会公平问题，培养考生用跨学科知识解决问题的意识。 32．答案:A。猜测词义题，根据上文可知，切蛋糕本质上是一个数学问题，它将严格的逻辑推理和现实的公平问题结合起来，因此通过切蛋糕的模型，你可以理解公平的本质是什么，并对它进行推理，因此答案为A。 33．答案:C。推理判断题，根据第三段的“But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated.”以及“Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation."可知，公平这一概念本身是复杂的，答案为C。 34．答案: A。主旨大意题，根据第四段内容可知，切蛋糕的规则可以用来解决争议，作者随后例举了两个运用的场景，由此可以判断本段主要内容是讲切蛋糕规则的运用，答案为A。 35．答案:D。主旨大意题，根据从第一段引出研究人员对切蛋糕这一问题的关注，进一步讨论这一问题的本质及切蛋糕方法的复杂性和其具体运用,最后一段再次强调解决公平的切蛋糕这一问题的现实意义，由此判断本文主要探讨研究人员为什么都如此对切蛋糕感兴趣，答案为D. 19 湖北省2024届高三4月调研模拟考试 C篇 C篇是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了一项新的美国数据分析表明，风力发电对鸟类种群影响微乎其微，相比之下，石油和天然气开采对鸟类的危害要大得多。 第28题 A 由下文中have little impact on bird populations可知涡轮机对鸟类数量的影响不大，negligible指的是 “不重要的”或“微不足道的”。 第29题 B 根据第二段第一句Erik Katovich, an economist at the University of Geneva, made use of the Christmas Bird Count, a citizen-science project run by the National Audubon Society可知Erik Katovich的结论是基于奥杜邦协会公民科学项目the Christmas Bird Count获取的数据。 第30题 D 根据第三段可知油气钻探造成了鸟类数量的减少，因此可以推断油气钻探给鸟类的生存带来了严重的威胁。 第31题 A 根据文章内容以及最后一段中It appears to be significantly less damaging to wildlife, too可知，作者认为相对于油气钻探来说，风力涡轮机对鸟类的影响较小，因此可以推断作者会同意风力涡轮机可以与野生动物共存。 D篇 D篇是一篇对于社会现象的分析。文章介绍了美国民众对电动车热情不高，主因是价格高昂。尽管有补贴，汽车厂商仍面临财务压力。 第32题 C 第二段第一句The biggest block to EV enthusiasm in America is price是主题句，这一段主要讨论了电动汽车的拥有成本较高是影响美国人购买电动汽车热情的主要因素。 第33题 B 由第三段Consumers’ unwillingness to pay for expensive EVs is forcing carmakers to take action to shift stock... more than twice as generous as for petrol cars可知美国汽车制造商被迫在EV上提供大幅折扣以销出库存。 第34题 C 根据最后一段American carmakers are still hoping ...rather than pulling the plug on themk可知，美国汽车制造商对电动汽车行业的未来持谨慎态度。 第35题 A 文章中描述了美国电动汽车行业面临的挑战和困境，包括电动汽车价格昂贵导致购买者热情不高，增加销售折扣导致利润下降等问题，文章最后指出，美国汽车制造商仍希望摆脱当前的困境，实现盈利可能会比预期的时间晚一些。因此，“Is America's EV Revolution Suspending？”（美国电动汽车革命停滞不前了吗? ）适合作这篇文章的标题。 20 浙江省金华市十校2024届高三下学期4月模拟考试（二模） C篇 C篇是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Everglades自然保护区的发展历程，从最初的大范围自然野地到因人类活动受损，再到通过建立国家公园实施有效保护的整个过程及其重要性。 第28题 A 原文第一句提到，“the Everglades once covered about 18,000 square miles of southern Florida.” 并且在第二句中提到了，直到19世纪，这片“grassy wetlands”（草地湿地）几乎无人居住，这显示了Everglades在20世纪之前保持了它的自然野性。选项A “Naturally wild” 是对Everglades在1900年代之前的描述最合适的选择。 第29题 C 在第四段中，文章提到，“Loss of habitat and hunting threatened the survival of native species in the Everglades.” 即生境的丧失和狩猎对Everglades原生物种的生存造成了威胁，可能导致这些物种的灭绝。选项C “Possible extinction of native species” 正确表达了这一问题。 第30题 D 最后一段提到，“Everglades National Park protects 1.5 million acres along the southern tip of Florida. An amazing variety of creatures live there…”并列举了不同种类的鸟类、鱼类、哺乳动物和爬行动物的数量。这一数据的提供，是为了展示Everglades National Park保护措施的成功，也就是成功地保护了各种生物，因此选项D “To show the successful conservation of the park” 正确。 第31题 C 全篇文章主要讲述了Everglades的自然状况如何被人类活动所破坏，以及人们实施保护措施来拯救这一生物多样性丰富的区域。文章开头描述了Everglades的自然状态，然后讲述了20世纪初由于人类活动导致的生态问题和物种的威胁，最后提到了建立国家公园来保护这片土地。选项C “How humans harmed and saved the Everglades.” 准确概括了这一过程。 D篇 D篇是一篇议论文。文章分析了美国储蓄率下降的原因，包括经济因素和个体心理因素，强调社会比较和消费可见性的影响，并提出了对策。 第32题 B 原文中提到，“The rise of easy credit and loans has made overspending easier than ever.” 这句话说明了容易获得贷款和信贷是导致储蓄率下降的一个潜在原因，因为它让超支变得比以往任何时候都容易。因此，选项B “The easy access to money” 是正确的选择。 第33题 C 在第三段中，文章提到了个体心理的一个特点：“Humans are social creatures, and we have a tendency to evaluate our own standing in life relative to how our friends and neighbors are doing.” 这句话指出人们倾向于与他人进行比较，以评估自己的生活状况。因此，选项C “compare oneself to others” 准确地反映了所提到的“个体心理”。 第34题 D David Hirshleifer警告说，“those journeys and parties may not really be typical… they just stand out in memory.” 这表示人们对别人的消费习惯可能存在误解，认为别人经常举办奢华的聚会或进行昂贵的旅行，但这些活动可能并不是他们经常做的事，只是因为这些活动显眼，所以更容易留在记忆中。因此，选项D “One may have misunderstanding of others’ spending habits.” 正确地概括了Hirshleifer的警告。 第35题 C 在最后一段中，一位经济学家提出了一个建议：“Make a special effort to notice when your friends are careful with money…” 这个建议是关于人们应该关注非消费行为——例如朋友们如何节约使用资金。这表明，通过注意和肯定非消费行为，人们可能会发展出更现实的消费和储蓄行为观念。因此，选项C “Pay attention to non-spending behavior.” 是正确的，反映了经济学家的建议。 21 湖南省新高考教学教研联盟2024届高三下学期第二次联考试卷 C篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍加州海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。 28. D。根据文章第二段中的“The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs, which fed heavily on the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity of the habitat.”可知，Elkhorn Slough沿岸沼泽遭受了严重的破坏，其根本原因是岸边蟹数量的增加，这些蟹大量地吃掉了沼泽植物，削弱了栖息地的结构完整性。这表明海獭的消失导致了沿海生态平衡的恶化。 29. D。根据文章第三段中的“the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life”和“which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away”可知，在有海獭的地区，蟹的数量显著下降，这导致了植物生长的复苏。这种复苏反过来又稳定了土壤，并降低了土壤被冲刷的速率。这里的“resurgence”指的是植物生长的复苏或恢复。 30. C。根据文章第四段中的“She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding. ‘Suddenly, sea otters go from just cute things we like to something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.’”可知，作者引用科学家Lekelia Jenkins的话是为了展示海獭对人类的实际益处，如减少洪水灾害等。 31. B。文章通过展示海獭对沿海生态系统的积极影响，传达了生态系统之间相互联系的信息，即海獭作为一个关键物种，对其自然环境有着显著的影响（顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要性）。 D篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了在数字时代，社交媒体用户为什么容易陷入假新闻的陷阱，以及如何通过一款名为ChamberBreaker的游戏工具来识别和抵制网络上的回声室效应。 32. B。根据文章的第二段中的“users can easily fall into an echo chamber (回声室)—a sort of virtual space where users consume only one-sided news, eventually distrusting any opposing views. ‘We all tend to agree with the group opinion. Hence, people naturally get together with others who hold the same opinion’”可知，用户可能会陷入一个回声室，这是一种虚拟空间，在这里用户只消费单一观点的新闻，并最终不信任任何相反的观点。我们都倾向于同意群体观点，因此人们自然地与持有相同观点的人聚在一起。这表明回声室会聚集持有相同观点的个体。 33. C。根据文章第三段的“The fundamental approach employed by ChamberBreaker centers around a decision-making procedure that mirrors the creation of echo chambers... Then, the player selects news that could cause the other members to fall into an echo chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust.”可知，ChamberBreaker的核心方法是一个决策程序，该程序反映了回声室的创建。在游戏中，玩家需要选择新闻，让其他成员陷入回声室，同时保持他们的信任。 34. A。根据文章的第四段可知，文章提到研究者们用超过800个对象测试了ChamberBreaker，以查看它是否提高了玩家对回声室的认识并改变了新闻消费行为。这表明游戏有效性的证据来自于科学测试的结果。 35. D。文章最后提到，研究者们希望他们的方法能够激发对信息消费相关的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣，并且ChamberBreaker的应用，着重于培养分析推理，可能会引导我们打造一个更加明智的在线社区。这意味着玩Chamber Breaker的长期效应可能是增强批判性思维。 22 浙江省绍兴市2024届高三高考科目考试适应性试卷（二模） C篇 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量，企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。 【28题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (对繁荣的普遍定义侧重于将经济实力和增长作为成功的衡量标准。让我们来看看历史。第二次工业革命使大规模生产成为可能，并创造了充足的商品供应。这大大增加了货币作为“价值储存手段”和“交换媒介”的重要性。因此，我们把经济实力作为衡量繁荣的唯一指标，比如GDP。全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，作者对普遍接受的繁荣标准持批判性态度。故选B。 【29题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，技术进化的副作用是贫富差距的扩大。故选C。 【30题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy? The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects. (通往真正繁荣世界的道路，除了经济实力之外，还需要把重点转向最适合所有人的幸福。然而，定义幸福是一项复杂的任务。什么能让人快乐?同一件事给人带来快乐的程度因人而异。幸福是主观的、复杂的。这是一个“多重价值”的世界，我们每个人都决定价值，而不是仅仅基于经济观点的“一个固定价格”。个体不应该被定义为单一的身份或角色，而应该被定义为多维的本质和多重的角色，在不同的方面为自己的幸福做出独立的选择和行动。)”可知，一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量。故选D。 【31题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole. (企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。企业可以通过追求社会价值和经济利润来做出贡献。这个问题的核心是“目的”。公司的宗旨决定了它给社会带来的价值。一家公司的真正价值不仅取决于它为股东创造的回报，还应取决于它为整个社会创造的价值。)”可知，本文是写给企业管理者读的。故选B。 D篇 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Z世代喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式、作者的读书见解。 【32题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and-as my 11-year-old would say-“aesthetic”. (年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——“有美感”。)”可知，在图书馆他们享受着安全感和自由感，这是年轻人喜欢图书馆的原因。故选A。 【33题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books. (有时候，在年轻人的阅读方式中会有一种怀旧的角色扮演感。例如，在纽约，tiktok掀起的最新热潮是在酒吧里与陌生人一起阅读。你必须提前买票，然后大家聚在一起，安静地坐30分钟，读你带来的任何一本书。就像去图书馆的昂贵版本，除了之后你们都喝一杯，谈论书。)”可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮是提前买票然后在酒吧里和陌生人一起阅读自己带去的书籍，看似与过去图书馆阅读一样，但是昂贵，有一种怀旧的角色扮演感；由此可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮一种融合新旧的阅读时尚。故选D。 【34题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段中“To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”, during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). (对我来说，阅读是一种私人乐趣，而屏幕——电视或电影——是社交的。有一次，出于养育子女的雄心壮志，我推出了‘家庭阅读时间’，在此期间，我的丈夫和孩子们被要求和我一起在炉边默读。如果我们戴上大礼帽，穿上衬裙，也不会感觉更有表演感。)”可知，从第4段可以了解到作者认为阅读是一种个人享受的方式。故选B。 【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. (美国最近的一项调查发现，z世代和千禧一代比他们的父母或祖父母更频繁地访问图书馆。年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——‘有美感’。)”和最后一段中“ But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library. (但是，我还是要为这些年轻的读者鼓掌——因为他们知道什么对自己有好处，因为他们寻求人际关系，因为他们在旧的机构中发现了美丽和快乐，因为他们给图书馆带来了新的生命。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国一项调查发现Z世代和千禧一代更喜欢去图书馆，文章分析了喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式，作者认为Z一代给图书馆带来了新的生命。由此可知，选项A“A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries (让图书馆焕发生机的Z一代方式)”，能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。 23 江苏省南通如皋市2024届高三4月第二次适应性考试（2.5模） C篇 C篇讨论了“忙碌”这一说法背后的社会心理以及对个人和工作生活平衡的影响，并介绍了一个工具，旨在帮助人们更好地享受休息时间。 第28题 B 作者说自己有说“忙”的习惯是因为他认为成功的人这么说，因此模仿他们。正确答案是B。原文中提到：“Sometimes it’s because I actually am busy, but other times it’s because that’s what I think I’m supposed to say. That’s what important people say.”故选B。 第29题 D 我们倾向于认为忙碌的人地位高是因为我们相信努力工作能够带来成功。正确答案是D。原文中提到：“In other words, the more we believe that one has the opportunity for success based on hard work, the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.”故选D。 第30题 B 根据第四段中的句子"Phrases like ‘I have limited access to email’ and ‘I’ll respond as soon as I get back’ sound like you’re being held against your will from working as opposed to making the most of your time off."表明作者认为这种说法听起来像是被迫停止工作，而不是在享受休假期间。因此，选项B "I am forced to stop working."正确反映了作者认为表达"我对电子邮件的访问有限"听起来像是被迫停下不能继续工作，而不是主动选择享受他们的休息时间。其他选项没有准确捕捉到作者对这种措词含义的解读。 第31题 C “Out of Office Email Generator”这个工具的推出是为了确保雇主和员工真正拥有休息时间。正确答案是C。这可以从原文中提到的“Leaders should take time off themselves and encourage employees to do the same.”推断出来，表明这项工具的目的是鼓励人们真正享受他们的时间，而不是整天忙于工作。故选C。 D篇 D篇探讨了寒鸦如何通过声音信号达成共识以同步离开栖息地的行为模式，及其对未来研究方向的暗示。 第32题 A 研究的目的是为了理解寒鸦如何达到一致同意的。正确答案是A。“To figure it out, researchers in the United Kingdom recorded hundreds of hours of their bird calls in Cornwall over several months." 这句话说明了研究的主要目标是理解寒鸦是如何通过调整叫声达到共识的。 第33题 D “forthwith”这个词的意思是“立即”。正确答案是D。根据第三段中的叙述，“They all leave together in a few seconds. The sky just fills with black birds forthwith.” 表明一旦达成共识，寒鸦几乎同时离开，强调了这一过程的即刻性。 第34题 C “它能将其自然的呼叫声和其他噪音区分开来。” 这个结论可以通过第四段关于当科学家们回放过去的呼叫录音来干扰鸟群自然日渐强烈的声音时，它们能够提前超过六分钟启程的描述得到支持。这说明jackdaw群体能辨别出自己的呼叫声与其他噪声。如果这些鸟类无法区分自己的呼叫声与其他声音，那么回放它们自己的声音不会对它们的行动产生影响。此外，该段还提到鸟儿对其他噪音不改变其启程时间，进一步证明了jackdaws能够识别哪些声音是与它们自己的决策过程相关的。因此，选项C是正确的，因为jackdaws不仅能识别自己的自然叫声，还能将其与其他干扰性噪音区分开来，确保群体能够根据自身的决策过程而不是外部噪音来行动。 第35题 B 研究者计划接下来研究人为噪声如何影响寒鸦群体决策制定过程。正确答案是B。文章最后一段中有提及：“One next step for this research, according to the authors, is to figure out how human-created noises might affect this process and the spread of information throughout these communities.” 这表明接下来的研究重点是探究人类活动产生的噪声如何影响寒鸦的群体决策和信息传播。 24 河北省衡水中学2024届高三下学期二调考试 C篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了诺贝尔奖对获奖者事业和工作的影响。通过分享个人经历,作者探讨了奖项带来的挑战和机遇,以及对科研和社会影响的看法。 28.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中Suddenly you became a public figure being asked to do all sorts of things ... 500 requests a year.可推知,作者写第二段的目的是为了表明他获得诺贝尔奖后超负荷的工作。 29.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的 two separate cancer research charities to form Cancer Research UK可知,这里表示“合二为一,合并”的意思。 30.B【解析】段落大意题。通读本段可知,第四段主要讲了诺贝尔奖产生的积极影响。 31.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中However, one thing I am glad to say ... after the prize.可推知,作者在最后一段中传达了科学精神在于追求事实和真理的道理。 D篇 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了天体物理学家通过机器学习揭示了黑洞是如何生长的。 32.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段The event horizon ... takes in every bit of evidence about the black hole's past...可知, 物理事实指的是事件视界吸收了黑洞的过去。 33.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后三句和第五段可知,研究人员已经证明了黑洞和它们的宿主星系之间的关系,即星系和黑洞是同步增长的。 34.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Trinity is a platform... generate millions of different universes ...可知, Trinity创造了数百万的虚拟宇宙。 35.B【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了天体物理学家通过机器学习揭示了黑洞是如何生长的。 25 浙江省嘉兴市2024届高三下学期4月教学测试（二模） C篇 C篇是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了培植肉的概念、产业目标、面临的挑战及人们对此的态度，包括技术、成本和法规障碍，以及公众接受度。 第28题 D 第一段以一个问题结束：“But can it be made cheaply enough to replace animal agriculture?” 这个问题引出了文章的主题，关于是否能将培植肉作为传统畜牧业的替代品，引导读者对此问题进行思考，从而开启接下来对这个话题的讨论。 第29题 B 根据第二段提到的“They are part of a young industry aiming to use cell biology to reduce the environmental impact of the world’s ever-increasing demand for meat and change global protein production…” （他们是一个年轻产业的一部分，旨在利用细胞生物学来减少世界对肉类日益增长的需求对环境的影响，并改变全球蛋白质生产…）这说明这个新兴行业的目标是利用细胞生物学来提供环境影响小的可持续的蛋白质，并改变全球蛋白质生产方式。 第30题 A 定位到文章的第四段“Although there are dozens of companies making this meat, none have yet reached commercial-level production in terms of scale or cost.” 这句强调了尽管许多公司正在制造培植肉，但是在规模或成本方面，它们还没有达到商业化生产的水平。 第31题 D 在最后一段中提到了“Until this meat costs and tastes the same as traditional meat, it will remain a specialized product.” 这表明Bruce Friedrich认为直到培植肉在成本和口感上与传统肉类相同之前，它仍将是一个特殊的产品，反映出他对其大规模应用前景的保守态度。 D篇 D篇是一篇议论文。文章介绍了了算法如何影响和同质化我们的文化与个性，包括我们的选择和喜好，并提供了抵抗算法影响的建议。 第32题 B 定位信息到文章的第二段中，“…the rise of algorithm-driven feeds… has led to a more uniform culture.” 这句话说明 Chayka 认为算法驱动的信息流导致了文化的趋同化，即我们的文化变得更加相似。 第33题 C 在文章的第三段提到了“This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications…” 这句话提到的"universe"即指由算法驱动的决策所构建的网络，这个网络影响广泛，涵盖社会的许多方面。 第34题 C 根据文章最后一段中，“You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume.” （你可以从更多地参与你选择消费的媒体内容开始。）这句话建议通过更多地参与和了解自己选择消费的媒体内容来抵抗算法的影响，比如深入了解一个电影或直接支付给喜欢的艺术家。 第35题 A 文章整体讨论了算法如何影响我们的文化，使其变得趋同，并引导我们的品味和欲望，导致"Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture"，即通过算法平坦化文化的现象。因此，"Algorithms: Cultural Takeover"能准确反映文章的核心内容和主题。 26 福建省九地市2024届高中毕业班第二次质量检测（二模） C篇 C篇讨论了城市农业的实践、其碳足迹的研究以及如何使之更具可持续性的建议。 第28题 B 选项B（它受到城市人的欢迎）是正确的。文章提到城市农业正变得越来越受欢迎，并被视为相对于大型工业农场的可持续替代方法。这表明城市农业受到城市人群的欢迎。 第29题 A 选项A（通过做比较）是正确的。在讨论马铃薯的例子时，研究团队比较了低技术城市农业地点生产的食物的平均碳排放量与常规种植作物的碳排放量，从而解释了城市农业碳密集度更高的原因。 第30题 A 选项A（它为城市人的饮食增添了多样性）是正确的。Carola Grebitus提到城市农业是教育和就业创造的有力工具，同时也是向城市“食品沙漠”引入新鲜蔬果的好方式，即直接影响了城市人的饮食多样性。 第31题 D 选项D（种植适合当地条件的植物）是正确的。文章最后部分提出了几种使城市农业更可持续的方式，其中包括选择适合当地气候、水质和土壤的作物进行种植，这涉及到对当地环境适应性的考虑。 D篇 D篇讨论了人类语言习得能力的研究以及机器学习在模拟这一过程中所取得的成果。 第32题 B 机器学习研究的一个重要发现是什么？题目询问机器学习研究中的一个显著发现。根据文章描述，通过使用自然情境下收集的小量数据（61小时的自然镜头和声音），一个基本的人工智能模型被训练成功以匹配图像与词汇，这表明词汇可以从最小量的数据中获得。因此，选项B（词汇可以从最小量的数据中获得）是正确的。 第33题 A 第二段中划线的单词“prompt”的意思是什么？根据第二段描述，使用自然情境下收集的数据足以使AI“figure out（弄明白）”某些词汇的意义。这里的“prompt”意味着是“促使”，相当于“Facilitate（促进，便利）”。因此，选项A正确。 第34题 A 第五段讨论了新研究的什么内容？题目询问第五段讨论了关于新研究的哪方面内容。文章指出，尽管这项研究向我们对人类思维更深刻的理解迈进了一步，但仍需要在某些方面进行额外研究。比如，科学家承认他们的发现并未证明儿童如何习得词汇，研究仅聚焦于识别物理对象的词汇。这些讨论体现了对新研究的限制。因此，选项A（它的限制）是正确的。 第35题 D Eva Portelance对AI研究的态度是什么？根据文章最后一段，Eva Portelance提到AI研究可以帮助我们改善人类教育并且为关于我们自己的长期未解之谜提供清晰度，表明她对AI研究持积极态度。她还补充说，“我们可以以好的方式使用这些模型，为科学和社会带来好处”，进一步强化了她的积极观点。因此，选项D（积极）是正确的。 27 浙江省杭州市2024届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模） C篇 C篇是一篇科学报道。文章介绍了一项研究表明，鲸鱼的鼻孔进化适应了海洋生活，鲸须鲸依靠释放的气味捕食浮游动物，鼻孔位置影响寻食效率。 第28题 A 在第一段中提到，“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.” 这句话说明鲸鱼的鼻孔是透过进化而适应性变化的器官，适合海洋生活的哺乳动物，因此A选项"它们是适应性的"是正确的。其余选项B, C, D在文中均未提及或不准确。 第29题 B 第三段中，文中描述了浮游植物受到攻击时会释放特殊气体二甲基硫(dimethyl sulphide)，而这会吸引鲸须鲸类，“And scent can indeed give zooplankton away.” 因此，浮游动物通过浮游植物释放的气味发挥作用于鲸鱼的捕食过程，选项B"浮游植物发送的气味"是正确的。 第30题 B 第四段通过例子来解释立体感知的概念，如"Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming." 这些例子说明了如何通过两个器官来达到立体感知，选项B"通过使用例子"是正确的。 第31题 C 在最后一段中，研究指出，“Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.” （果不其然，经常吃浮游动物如北大西洋露脊鲸的鲸须鲸，它们的鼻孔比偶尔吃浮游动物的鲸鱼，如座头鲸，的鼻孔间距更远。除了用于呼吸外，看来一些鲸鱼还利用它们的喷气孔来判断晚餐在哪个方向。）表明鼻孔的位置与其寻找食物的能力有关，因此选择C"定位食物的能力"是正确的。其他选项在文中没有直接相关的依据。 D篇 D篇是一篇议论文。本文探讨了宽恕是否违背人性的两种观点：一种认为人类本质上倾向于攻击而不是宽恕，另一种则认为合作、相互尊重和爱是人类的基础。通过对比这两种观点，文章强调了宽恕在个人和社区中的重要性以及学习宽恕的可能性。 第32题 D 根据“In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.” Droll认为，宽恕的人在向他人提供仁慈的同时，可能会损害自己的福祉，因为他们可能会被利用。这直接支持了D选项。 第33题 B 文章提到“Even commonsense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example，how well has slavery(奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony?” 作者通过提问奴隶制作为社会和谐模式的有效性来强调，掌控他人与和谐互动之间的矛盾，从而支持统治是一种伤害的观点。 第34题 A 最后一段中的描述，“Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger… Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.” 以及对宽恕在个人和社区的生物学和心理学完整性中扮演的重要角色的讨论，都表示作者对宽恕持肯定和支持的态度。 第35题 C 文章最后提到的“The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice.” 这句话清楚地指出了宽恕在冲突情况下的实际应用和实践是通过练习发展起来的，直接支持选项C。 28 浙江省9+1高中联盟2024届高三3月高考模拟卷 C篇 C篇介绍了一项研究，其中科学家首次记录了大脑中与情境记忆相关的活动路径，这种记忆涉及新学习信息周围的思维和情感的频繁变化。 第28题 C 根据文中的描述，“contextual memory”指的是新学习的信息周围的思维和情感的频繁变化。这说明情境记忆包含了与新事实同时发生或紧接着发生的想法和感觉。因此，正确答案是C. 围绕新事实的想法和感觉。 第29题 A 研究中使用癫痫患者是为了通过植入的小金属片记录大脑活动，这样可以精确定位导致癫痫发作的大脑活动突发。这种研究方法使科学家能够跟踪情境记忆的大脑活动。因此，正确答案是A. 跟踪情境记忆的大脑活动。 第30题 D 文中提到的“contiguity effect”是指参与者倾向于将单词分组记忆，特别是那些在列表中相邻的单词。这种模式说明了人们如何将信息进行连接和组织，因此“contiguity”在这里指的是物理或逻辑上的邻近性。因此，正确答案是D. 邻近性。 第31题 D 第五段主要通过研究结果的进一步解释，阐述了当激活一个记忆时，会重新激活形成该记忆时周围发生的一些事情，这个过程给人一种时光旅行的感觉。这一段通过详细描述研究发现和参与者记忆单词分组的模式，进一步解释了研究结果。因此，正确答案是D. 对研究结果的进一步解释。 D篇 D篇讨论了社交媒体、短信和电子邮件等新型通讯工具对人类社会关系和个人自我感知的影响，强调了它们如何使人们更容易隐藏自己的缺点，同时也指出了这种交流方式减少了面对面互动的机会，并可能导致对现实世界的脱节。 第32题 C 文章并没有表明新通讯工具完全破坏了我们的生活（A），也没有说这些工具带来的危险大于好处（B），而是强调了它们如何帮助我们隐藏缺陷（C），且并未直接提到这些新工具完全取代了传统信件（D）。 第33题 C 选项A提到的是“避难于虚拟生活”，这并不是文章中讨论的主题；B选项“移除面对面交流”虽然是新通讯工具的一个影响，但不是文章强调的潜在威胁；D选项“使我们更多依赖高科技媒体”也是一个事实，但不是被视为威胁的核心。文章中提到新通讯工具使人们能够在没有不同意见或批评的风险下发展自我中心，这导致了对现实世界的错误认知（C）。 第34题 A 文章的最后两段主要讨论了新技术如何改变了我们的人际关系和对个人行为的看法，而不是专注于推动极限（B），也没有说爱情通过短信可以更好地表达（C），或者数字自我不需要承担责任（D）。 第35题 B 整篇文章讨论了投身于数字生活的代价，包括人际关系的缺失和个人对现实生活的脱节，而不是仅仅关注虚拟世界的成瘾（A），也没有专注于网上的人际交往技能（C）或是社交媒体的未来（D）。因此，“Cost of Falling into Digital Life”最适合作为文章标题。 29 山东省济南市2024届高三3月模拟考试（一模） C篇 【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究揭示了鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智能相似，并通过实验验证了这一观点。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.(一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰登·特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究)”可知，这项新研究的目的是为了检验一个理论。故选A项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.(在这项研究中，研究人员向鸽子展示了各种视觉图像，包括不同宽度和角度的线条，以及不同类型的环。鸽子必须啄一下图片左边或右边的一个按钮来表示图片所属的类别)”可知，鸽子在实验中需要识别图像。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction.(研究人员的人工智能模型只使用了假设鸽子使用的两种简单机制：联想学习和纠错)”以及最后一段“What’s interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.(Turner说，有趣的是，鸽子使用的这种学习方法与人类设计的人工智能非常相似。他说：“我们为自己设计出人工智能而感到高兴，但同时，我们认为鸽子并不聪明。”)”可知，根据这项研究，鸽子和人工智能都采用简单的方法来完成任务。故选D项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.(一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们能够解决可能挑战人类的困难任务。先前的研究推测，鸽子采用一种解决问题的策略，包括试错法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但不同于人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授布兰登·特纳和他的同事进行了这项新研究)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了研究表明鸽子在某些问题解决上的能力与人工智能相似，因此选项C““Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI(“不聪明”的鸽子可能和人工智能一样聪明)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 D篇 【解析】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开，并引入了一项关于信息处理方式的研究，以此为基础探讨了有声书对阅读理解可能产生的影响。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Like many people over the past few years, I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.(像许多人一样，在过去的几年里，我发现自己把有声读物作为阅读文学作品的主要手段。我发现在眼睛休息的时候“用耳朵阅读”要舒服得多。)”以及最后一段“But I won’t stop listening to novels. I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.(但我不会停止听小说。当我的批判性思维得到休息时，我很高兴随自己的情绪流动而去。)”可知，作者认为听有声读物会让人放松。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step.(系统2是分析性的，涉及逻辑推理的使用。这是精神上的要求。当它参与时，我们一步一步地思考材料。)”可知，System 2涉及使用逻辑推理进行信息处理，它要求精神上的努力，通过一步一步地思考材料来得出结论。因此，System 2的结果相对可靠得多。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As one example, consider the/ following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark（方舟）? If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer-zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process.(举个例子，考虑下面的问题：摩西带了多少种动物上了方舟？如果你回答了两个，你可能只考虑了问题的核心，即系统1思维。为了得到正确的答案——零，你需要更仔细地思考措辞，这将使你记住是诺亚建造了方舟，而不是摩西。这是一种分析过程。)”可知，作者提到方舟是为了举例说明一个观点，即System 1和System 2在处理信息时的不同方式。通过提出“摩西在方舟上带了多少种动物？”的问题，并解释正确答案是如何通过更仔细地考虑措辞得出的，作者展示了System 2涉及的逻辑推理过程。因此，方舟的提及是为了阐明关于信息处理方式的观点。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者通过分享自己使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历，以及引入关于信息处理方式的研究，意在表明听书可能会带来理解上的代价。文章提到，尽管听书让作者增加了阅读量，但研究结果显示，听书在处理某些信息时可能不如阅读书面材料准确。特别是对于那些需要逻辑研究的信息，听书可能导致更多的错误。因此，作者认为听书是有代价的，特别是在理解方面。故选A。 30 浙江省五校联盟2024届3月联考 C篇 C篇是一篇新闻报道。文章探讨了Google的AI模型Gemini表现出的偏见问题，包括在图像生成和文本回应上的种族偏见及其倾向性。同时，文章也提出了对Google文化和公司未来方向的质疑。 第28题 A 原文的相关部分是：“Other image-generation tools have been criticized because they tend to show white men when asked for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted Gemini to avoid this trap…” 此处的“this trap”指的是其他生成图像工具显示的种族偏见，也就是倾向于展现白人男性的图片。因此，“this trap”所指就是种族偏见。 第29题 C 第二段的主要内容是关于Gemini在文本回答中的偏见。原文指出：“Gemini happily provided arguments in favor of positive action in higher education, but refused to provide arguments against…You do not have to be a critic to perceive its progressive bias.” 这段话说明Gemini倾向于支持积极的观点，而回避表示反对，展现出了其进步的偏差。因此答案选择C项，表明Gemini在回应中带有偏见。 第30题 D 伊桑·莫利克(Ethan Mollick)谈到早期发布Gemini并让用户发现其怪异行为可以使公司快速行动，但这需要准备好面对潜在的风险和负面宣传。原文中提到：“Releasing chatbots and letting users uncover odd behaviors, which can be swiftly addressed, lets firms move faster…” 这并不表明莫利克认为这种做法是“创新的”或“有前景的”，更不用说“违法的”。他的观点旨在说明放出聊天机器人，并处理由此产生的奇怪行为和相关争议，是一种复杂且具争议性的做法，因此答案是D。 第31题 C 在最后一段中，作者提出了关于Google文化的问题，包括是否纯粹出于金融上的安全感、是否认为有责任利用其影响力推动特定议程。最后一句话提到：“But does Google need fixing too?” 含意是Google是否也需要自我改良。这表明Google有进步的空间，需要进行进一步的改进。因此，答案是C选项。 D篇 D篇是一篇科普说明文。文章通过引用Susan Goldin-Meadow的研究，探讨了手势如何作为思考和沟通的重要工具，挑战了关于手势仅是情绪失控表现的传统观点。 第32题 C 原文的相关部分是：“Tie an Italian’s hands behind his back," runs an old joke, “and he’ll be speechless." 这不仅仅是一则笑话，而是作为引出话题的起点，指向文章的主题关于意大利人的典型身体表达。Susan Goldin-Meadow的研究成果被用来建立和展开这个论题。因此，笑话的目的是为了引入主题，答案是C。 第33题 B 原文表明Susan Goldin-Meadow的观点是人们手势的使用实际上体现了认知过程：“All this suggests that cognition is, to some extent, ‘embodied’.” 这表明她可能会同意身体语言，特别是手势，实际上与认知是相关的。其他选项要么与文本内容不符，要么是文本内容明显否定的概念。因此，答案是B。 第34题 A 第二段和第三段的原文指出手势代表了真实思想的另一个信息渠道：“…gestures that accompany speech are a second channel of information.” 以及描述关于瞒着别人真实情感的例子，都表明了手势可能表达了说话人真正的想法。例如，有关让女士们绑手以隐藏真实情绪的段落进一步增强了这个观点。因此，答案是A。 第35题 B 文章的全文讨论了手势如何在沟通中扮演重要角色，并展示了Susan Goldin-Meadow的研究结果支持了这一先进的观点：“It is about thinking and communication, and is a sophisticated aid to both.” 这是文本的中心思想，即手势是沟通的重要形式。其他选项要么仅强调某一部分信息，要么与文本的主旨不符。因此，答案是B。 31 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第二次适应性考试（二模） C篇 C篇介绍了研究表明倭黑猩猩能与不同社群建立友好关系，挑战了人类来源于好战猿类的观点。 第28题 A 原文提到 “Bonobos often form friendly relationships with other bonobo s in separate social groups.”文章主要研究的焦点是倭黑猩猩与不同社群之间的友好互动，即它们的社交行为。 第29题 C 从研究结果中得知，倭黑猩猩有跨越社群的友好互动。文中提到 “The pair documented 95 encounters between the groups, which represented about 20% of their total observation time” 并且确认它们展现了合作行为。 第30题 B 原文中提到 “To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period.”研究是通过观察倭黑猩猩在不同社群间的互动来进行的。 第31题 B 原文中提到 “finds the study ‘exciting’, especially as it ‘challenges the idea of human exceptionalism’…”Otten认为这项研究是振奋人心的，尤其是它挑战了人类在跨集团合作方面的特殊性的观点，从而表示这项研究开创性的。 D篇 D篇讨论了“熟悉性原则”(即仅凭曝光效应)如何影响我们的决策，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则。而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。 第32题 C 保险公司能够对老客户收费更多的原因是“熟悉性原则”。文章中提到，除非我们有糟糕的体验，否则我们倾向于继续从我们习惯了的公司购买，这是为什么公司在广告和营销上花费如此多的资金的原因之一，以及保险公司可以公开向现有客户收取比新客户更多费用的原因。 第33题 D 第二段提到，有时我们想要的东西和我们实际做的事情可能不完全匹配，说明了存在欲望与行动之间的不一致性。 第34题 A 对于某些文章中提出的解决方案，作者持不赞成的态度。文章提到，有些建议说完全暴露于新奇是解决“熟悉性挫败感”的方法，作者认为这可能在短期内看起来有效，但最终可能只是用另一个问题替换了一个问题，还可能导致压倒性和疲劳。 第35题 C 最佳标题是“Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone”，这反映了作者的主要观点，即逐步扩大我们的熟悉区域可以帮助我们享受创造性和成长的路径，而不是视熟悉性原则为障碍。 32 江苏省南京市盐城市2024届高三年级第二次模拟考试 C篇 C篇文章主要讲述了有机太阳能电池板的未来前景和发展研究。 第28题 A 根据文章第一段的最后几句话，由于需要土地的太阳能电池板消耗了可用的土地这引发了对空间的竞争，并且加剧了人们对失去农田的长期担忧，可以得出这道题的答案，第一段关注的主要是太阳能电池板导致耕地流失的问题。 第29题 C 根据第二段划线that上面一句话，蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，这给蓝光提供了发电所需的能量可以推断出that指的就是具有更高能量的蓝色光子。 第30题 C 细节理解题，根据文章的第三段，有机太阳能电池能够阻挡蓝光发电，同时将红光传递给正下方种植的作物可以推断出这道题答案是C，允许红光通过。 第31题 B 根据文章，最后一段话纳杰姆说的话，我们正在充分利用一种无穷无尽的可持续资源，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限，可见他认为新型太阳能电池板是非常有前途的，能提供大量的资源。 D篇 D篇文章主要讲述压力的来源和缓解压力的方法。 第32题 D 细节理解题，根据文章的第一段，焦虑本身并不是致命的也不是一种疾病。恰恰相反，焦虑是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。可以推断出这道题的答案是D，焦虑是一种自然的情感表达。 第33题 C 根据文章第二段作者用在健身房锻炼这个例子，类比了面对焦虑，我们不应该恐惧，而是应该挑战去克服他，只有这样，随着时间的退役才会减少恐惧，所以作者在第二段提到良好的锻炼，是解释焦虑如何建立情感的力量。 第34题 B 定位到文章的第三段，第三段主要讲述了，当我们面对焦虑时，我们可以向好朋友来表达，比如对他们说，我现在很困难，需要你的支持，这样会建立更大的人与人之间的联系，把我们的焦虑变成一种爱，所以第三段主要讲述了分享焦虑能够改善关系。 第35题 B 根据最后一段的最后一句话，对压力的药物治疗往往可能会起一段时间的效果，但是往往会使事情变得更糟，对付压力的唯一办法就是用数学来平衡压力，但是这并不是D选项所说的掌握高超的数学技能，而是根据最后一段中说到的压力，是因为我们的需求超过了我们的可用资源，那么只有增加我们可用的资源才能更好地应对压力。 33 江苏省苏锡常镇四市2024届高三年级教学情况调研（一模） C篇 C篇主要讲述了正念练习如何对我们产生帮助以及其积极影响。刚开始我不太理解digital mindfulness该如何正确翻译，后来我去查了一下，它叫正念，数字化正念，这个概念如何应用到平时的数字生活中，就让你对于一些比如说感到心烦意燥的东西如何处理。 第28题 D 定位于文章第二段 Therefore, you are empowered to choose how to respond to the stimulus(刺激) behind such feelings as boredom, loneliness, and stress and not just treat the symptoms(症状).因此，作者暗示我们要挖掘问题背后真正的原因而不是流于表面。 第29题 C 文章第三段主要讲述了我们要不带评价地去度过生活中的各种经历，意为倾听内心的声音，对事物保持一个体验与顺其自然的态度，关键词experience与C选项相符合。 第30题 C 文章主要叙述了正念的两个key points, 并且两个key points 的形式以方法的形式告知我们，且在倒数第二段为我们厘清了正念的逻辑和注意点，对应C选项。 第31题 B 此类题一般需要排除前文已经讲述过的内容，即文章最后一段提到了tool这个词，强调了正念在生活中的应用问题，而A选项中的communication并不能和in the life 相对应，且正念这一行为更多采取的形式是进行自我状态调整而不是与他人沟通，故而选择B选项，application对应tools. D篇 D篇为保护犀牛而去除犀牛角之后，这一举措给犀牛带来的一些其他影响。 第32题 B 定位第一段第一行to make them less attractive to illegal hunters,不定式表目的，对应题干中的purpose,选择B。 第33题 A 定位文章第五段，划线处后面紧跟着的是is worthwhile, 再加上前面的whether与后句的measure,可以推得这段在探讨的是某种做法或者行为是否值得，根据前几段的内容，可以得知文章主要是针对去犀牛角这一行为进行的讨论，故而选择A，removal of rhino horns对应de-horning。此外，invasive这一单词的含义可以解释为“入侵的”，合起来为这种入侵操作，联系上文也可以得出答案。 第34题 D 定位文章第七段，根据Chimes的话中的“complicated”一词，可以知道她认为这个问题是复杂的多因素影响的，就是他不确定的，因为他说了他要把一些因素other factors进行separate分离开了，所以并不能有准确的答案，对应D选项uncertain。这个比较难。 第35题 B 承接上一题，导致犀牛不合法狩猎数量的减少是否与去犀牛角这一行为直接相关的问题是复杂的，而该段落在后半部分提出了安保、公众参与等多种影响因素，因此选择B选项。 34 广东省广州市2024届高三普通高中毕业班综合测试一（一模） C篇 C篇主要介绍了研究者们如何发现瓶鼻海豚母亲会通过改变声音来帮助小海豚学习独特的叫声，这一现象与人类使用“父母语”教育孩子的方式相似。 第28题 B 文中提到的“this mystery”指的是海豚宝宝是如何以每个个体独特的哨声随时间发展的，尤其是在听到妈妈的声音时。研究人员探究了母亲海豚所发出声音的特点，以解释小海豚如何发展出它们自己独特的声音。因此，答案是B（How dolphins develop their unique sounds）。 第29题 A 文中提到研究人员检查了19只雌性瓶鼻海豚所发出的声音，特别是在它们的宝宝附近时发出的声音。这说明研究人员通过分析母海豚的声音特性来进行他们的研究。因此，答案是A（By analyzing mother dolphins’ sound features）。 第30题 A 文中提到海豚母亲使用更高频率和更宽的频率范围是为了帮助它们的幼崽学会产生这些叫声。这表明使用特定的声音修改（parentese）是为了帮助幼崽学习交流。因此，答案是A（To help them learn to talk）。 第31题 C 本文主要是分享关于海豚交流方面的新发现，尤其是母海豚如何通过改变声音帮助它们的幼崽学习独特的叫声，证据表明海豚和人类在教育后代方面有类似的行为。因此，答案是C（To share new findings about dolphin communication） D篇 D篇主要探讨了人们如何通过想象与未来自我对话来帮助自己做出更好的长期决策，以及人工智能在未来可能如何帮助我们更深入地了解我们的潜在未来自我。研究者分享了自己关于“遇见未来的自己”的研究和结论，话题本身较为抽象，看似放眼未来，实际上仍希望人们立足现在，讨论了过程中的困难及做法。 第32题 D 作者指出，人们难以做出长期决策，是因为我们往往将未来的自己想象成陌生人，难以与之建立情感上的联系。因此，难点在于人们发现与他们遥远的自我建立连接很困难。答案是D（People find it hard to connect with their distant selves）。 第33题 B “a far cry from”这个短语表示与某物非常不同或有很大差距。文中提到，通过想象与未来自我对话与真正遇见未来的自己相比，差异很大，所以这里意味着“非常不同于”。答案是B（very different from）。 第34题 C 基于作者的思考，最有可能问他未来自己的问题是关于过去可能会做出不同选择的事情，这是为了今天能做出更好的决策。因此，给予机会，他可能会问自己“如果有机会，你会做什么不同的事情？”这反映了作者对个人成长、遗憾和未完成行为的反思。答案是C（If given the chance, what would you have done differently?）。 第35题 A 这篇文章的核心是关于如何通过想象与未来自我的交流来帮助人们今天做出更好的选择，并讨论了未来人工智能可能如何揭示我们的潜在未来自我。因此，这篇文章既讨论了时间旅行的想法，也涉及了如何看待我们的未来自我的研究。标题“Time travel: What if you met your future self?” 总结了文章的主题，并吸引人们思考与未来自我相遇的可能性以及这种相遇对当下决策的影响。答案是A（Time travel: What if you met your future self?）。 35 江苏省南通市等苏北七市2024届高三第二次调研测试（二模） C篇 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫。 【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer(流行的理论认为，飞蛾和其他昆虫是靠月亮导航的，它们把灯误认为是月光，或者是昆虫为了躲避即将到来的危险而飞向光明。现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案)”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知划线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，推测划线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。 【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.(飞蛾发现自己把背向路灯倾斜。这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，这些昆虫被它们的进化困住了)”可知，飞蛾把背向路灯倾斜，这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，故是不正确的飞行姿态导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转。故选B。 【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. ‘What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,’ Fabian said.(Fabian相信，这项研究有一些有益的教训。‘这告诉我们，人造光的方向很重要。我们能不能改变照明环境，让昆虫不被困住？因为我们正面临着全球昆虫数量的大幅下降，而夜间的人造光是可能导致这种下降的因素之一，’ Fabian说)”可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。 【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.(现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案：与目前的理论相反，昆虫不会被远处的光吸引，但如果它们飞得离人造光源很近，就会被困住)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。 D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者从异种器官移植报道中获得灵感创作小说《Pig Heart Boy》的故事。 【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors.(早在20世纪90年代中期，我在报纸上读到一篇医生写的文章，他猜测我们最终将不得不转向异种移植，作为解决人体器官捐献者缺乏的可能方案)”可知，作者写Pig Heart Boy的灵感来自新闻。故选B。 【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplantation.(现在有些人认为这个题材不适合儿童，批评异种移植的残忍和不人道的方式)”可知，有些人认为这个器官移植的题材不适合儿童，是因为他们批评这种器官移植的残忍和不人道的方式。可以推断出这些人认为这些器官移植损害了其他动物的权利，故选A。 【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“As a children’s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.(作为一名儿童作家，一些成年人低估了什么题材会引起孩子们的兴趣和刺激，这一直让我感到惊讶。我想写一个没有正确或错误答案的故事，一个让读者站在卡梅伦的立场上思考一下，如果他们也面临他的处境，他们会做出什么决定，以及他们会如何反应的故事)”以及最后一段“Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children’s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.(在STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)学科中，探索新思想的虚构故事也可以丰富孩子们的阅读和学习。各种研究表明，阅读小说可以提高孩子掌握新概念的能力。《猪心男孩》是我试图将科学融入一个可信、发人深省的故事)”可知，最后两段主要是讲了支持这本书的证据。故选C。 【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.(在我的故事中，需要心脏移植的卡梅伦知道，除非他得到一个，否则他不可能活到下一个生日，但他的等待名单已经排在很长的一段路了。当一位开拓性的医生提供了一颗转基因猪的心脏时，卡梅伦决定接受它——他的新心脏以意想不到的方式彻底改变了他的生活)”可推知，这本书主要讲述了需要心脏移植的主人公使用了猪的心脏，并且改变了他的命运。故Pig Heart Boy是一部科幻小说。故选B。 36 湖北省八市2024届高三3月联考 C篇 【本文主要介绍农业生态旅游，该旅游方式为城市生活的人们提供了独特的乡村体验，孩子们可以从其中体验到从农场到餐桌背后的世界，不仅培养了他们的劳动观念，更使他们认识到粮食的来之不易。】 28. A目的意图题。通读第一段可知，该段主要描述了孩子和大人们在农场收集鸡蛋的情景； 接着第二段首句The egg harvest is a brief, carefully designed agritourism experience...提出本文主题：农业生态旅游。据此可知，第一段描述大人孩子捡鸡蛋是为了引出本文农业生态旅游的主题，故A项正确。 29. B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Snatching a few eggs and uprooting a few vegetables on the Farm tour don’t constitute a full day’s work, but it is also a useful reminder that food doesn’t just magically appear on restaurant plates and grocery store shelves.”可知孩子们可以做一些简单而有意义的农活。所以选B。 干扰项C，可从第二段最后一句“Visitors can take those eggs home or bring them to the on-farm restaurant, Clay, where a chef will use them to prepare breakfast”，可知，游客将鸡蛋带到农场餐饮，厨师会用这些鸡蛋准备食物，而不是游客们自己做饭。 30. D细节推断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“...enterprising farmers have found plenty of opportunities to sell their rural lifestyle along with their crops...”可知有远见的农民在出售 农作物时也在宣传他们的生活方式。故D符合文意。 31. C观点态度题。根据本文尾句并结合全文内容可知，作者认为，农业生态旅游意义重大，任何人都可以参加，能够让消费者了解从农场到餐桌背后的世界。据此可以推知，作者对农业生态旅游的态度是积极的。故C项正确。 D篇 【本文主要讲述中国科学家取得的重大突破——用气凝胶织出冬季毛衣，该衣服具有轻薄耐穿，可水洗可染色，伸缩性强，保暖性好等优点。】 32. B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Its high porosity（多孔性） gives it exceptional heat resistance, but this also makes it fragile and challenging to process...”可知，传统气凝胶有很强的隔热性能，但因为多孔，所以易碎，很难加工。故选B。干扰项C可从本段中“Traditional aerogel, made by replacing the liquid in aerogel with air, is extraordinarily light, resembling a solid cloud of smoke”得知，该材质只是轻似一团烟，并不是外表呈烟雾状。 33.A 推理判断题。作者在第四段重点阐述EFA的耐极端温度，使用的是列数字的写作手法用以证实该性能，如“...landing to -130 degrees Celsius (-202 degrees Fahrenheit) on the planet’s surface.”“... in a-20 degree Celsius environment...3.5 degrees, 3.8 degrees, 7.2 degrees, and 10.8 degrees respectively...”。所以选A。 34. C 细节推断题。根据最后一段最后两句“However, he also noted the gap between existing technology and capacity for mass production. “Challenges exist regarding how to develop fast spinning technology and resolve the continuous fabrication that is necessary for mass production”可知，无法批量生产主要原因在于快速纺织技术有待发展，持续制造的难题有待解决。故C为正确选项。 35. D 主旨题。本文主要讲述中国科学家用气凝胶织出冬季毛衣的重大突破。故选D。 37 广东省2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(一) C篇 C篇是一篇论述类文本。文章探讨了“shrinkflation”现象，即产品量减价不减，分析了其对消费者和公司的影响及消费者应对策略。 第28题 D “As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers ‘less painful’.” Stiving指出，shrinkflation是公司用来减轻消费者感觉到的痛苦的一种方式。这里的“痛苦”指的是购买力的下降或是感知到的价格上涨。由于价格保持稳定，尽管产品数量减少，消费者感受到的价格压力并不会大幅上升，因此D选项正确。 第29题 C 整个段落通过Stiving的话指出，shrinkflation是一个长期问题，即使在通货膨胀结束后，产品尺寸的减小也可能成为常态。“Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way.” 这段讨论了shrinkflation带来的长期影响，尤其是在消费者适应变化方面，因此C选项正确。 第30题 B 第四段提供了对shrinkflation现象的分析，解释了为什么许多公司认为shrinkflation似乎是不可避免的，并且指出这种做法可能会导致消费者信任和信心的损失。这一分析既没有表现出对公司做法的支持，也没有明显的反对意见，而是比较中立地展示了情况，因此B选项正确。 第31题 D 最后一段建议消费者在购物时需要“sensibly examine both price and size”，确保他们不会落入只看到货架上超大尺寸的陷阱。这意味着消费者应该更加理智和有意识地考虑自己的选择，比较价格和尺寸，从而避免因为不注意而购买了单位成本更高的产品，因此D选项正确。 D篇 D篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保罗斯教授的研究，指出婴儿与母亲之间的有效互动和模仿对儿童早期能力发展的重要性。研究显示，敏感的母子互动促进了儿童的综合能力，说明文化学习和模仿在人类发展中扮演关键角色。 第32题 D “We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated over thousands of years. Standing on the shoulders of great men, we don’t have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car.”这里作者使用“轮子”作为一个例子，是为了强调积累的知识让我们免于重复发明或发现已知事物的重要性。这说明了依靠先前知识的重要性，而不是为了赞扬车轮的发明、描述试错过程或强调新工具的必要性。 第33题 D “The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of 18 months.”保罗斯的研究指出，母亲和婴儿之间敏感且频繁的相互模仿（互动）对儿童的整体能力发展有显著的正面影响。这证明了有效的互动能够促进儿童的发展，而不是单纯地记录儿童的模仿行为、鼓励儿童模仿或通过互动分析儿童的能力。 第34题 A “This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human,”在这里，“nucleus”指的是学习和人类进化成功的核心或中心要素。它不是指结果、目标或内容，而是强调了互动在学习过程中的中心地位。 第35题 C 这篇文章的核心是探讨模仿如何促进了人类的文化学习和进化，使得人类能够从一代传到下一代，避免了不断重复发明或发现的需要。这一点通过保罗斯的研究和对模仿在儿童早期学习中的作用的讨论得到了强调。因此，“模仿：进化的引擎”最能概括文本的主题，而不是着重于进化的重要性、如何与儿童互动或文化学习和模仿的根源。 38 浙江省强基联盟2024届高三下学期3月联考 C篇 【语篇导读】本文主要讨论了一项新的研究揭示微塑料和纳米塑料对人体健康的潜在影响。28.D细节理解题。根据第三段“...the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body's natural release of hormones，potentially in-creasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers.”可知,新研究的焦点是纳米塑料对人体可能造成的风险。 29.C细节理解题。根据第五段“Using Raman microscopy，capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus...”可知,拉曼显微镜学的优势是能够检测到非常小的塑料颗粒。 30.B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二句“His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles.”可以推断出,研究小组将研究扩展到自来水等其他水源是为了让人们意识到在日常生活中面临的颗粒风险。 31.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Qian的话“It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff,”及“The idea is that the smaller things get，the more of them I reveal,”可知他并不对发现大量微塑料感到完全意外,并且研究对象越小,揭示的就会越多,因此可以推断出Qian对他的研究持积极态度。 D篇 【语篇导读】本文主要讨论了在决策时如何理性地考虑放弃,而不是盲目地坚持。作者通过个人经历和身边的例子,讨论了沉没成本谬误对决策的影响,并强调了决策时应当关注未来的收益而非过去的投入。 32.A细节理解题。作者引用跑步者的形象并提出“坚持到底”的信息是为了与文章中讨论的主题形成对比,即有时放弃是更合理的选择。因此,A项“为了形成对比”是正确答案。 33.C细节理解题。由第三段“A rational(理性的)decision maker is not ruled by past investments，but weighs future outcomes.”指出他们不会受过去投资的影响,而是会权衡未来的结果。因此,C项“重视未来的发展”是正确答案。 34.B 词义猜测题。根据上下文,作者提到人们因为已经投入了时间、金钱或努力,即使不喜欢,也会继续穿一些衣服,或者维持不健康的关系。这表明“fall prey to”指的是受到某种事情的不良影响,因此B项“被……害”是正确答案。 35.C主旨大意题。全文通过作者个人的例子以及对沉没成本谬误的讨论,指出了在合适的时候割舍损失的智慧,而不是盲目坚持。因此,C项“及时割舍损失是明智的”最能概括文章的中心思想。 39 辽宁省名校联盟2024届高三3月份联合考试 C篇【难度-中】 【详解】这是一篇说明文。介绍了现代西红柿虽然看起来好看但吃起来却乏味的原因，即：基因突变。 28.A【解析】作出判断推理。第一段的最后提出的问题是为什么西红柿最好的情况是有一点点汁，最坏的情况是像纸板圆球一样索然无味，这个问题是文章谈论的主题，下文围绕这个问题展开。故选A项。 29.B【解析】理解具体信息。根据第三段中“What to blame is a gene mutation(基因突变)discovered accidentally around 70 years ago…”可知答案。故选B项。 30.B【解析】理解具体信息。根据该段中“Yet the fruit's non-uniform greenish color suggest that main stream growers will not be following suit anytime soon.”可知答案。故选B项。 31.D【解析】作出判断推理。在文章最后一段中作者鼓励人们购买传统西红柿，说它们虽然看起来没有迪士尼电影里的西红柿那么好看，但它们的口感是真正西红柿的口感，由此可见作者是喜欢传统西红柿的。故选D项。 D篇【难度-中】 【详解】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个研究团队使用鸟形机器人RoboFinches教斑胸草雀鸟学鸟鸣的情况。 32.A【解析】理解具体信息。根据文章第二段中“There searchers recorded videos of adult males to analyze how their beaks(喙) move when they sing."可知答案。故选A项。 33.D【解析】作出判断推理。通读文章第三段可知，一组斑胸草雀鸟和扬声器在一起，一组和雌鸟一起，另外两种和鸟形机器人RoboFinch在一起，研究人员就这样把那些鸟分成了四组。故选D项。 34.C【解析】理解具体信息。根据第四段的分析，和RoboFinches结伴，并且RoboFinches喙动作与鸟鸣唱协调一致的那组有27%的时间在一起，是这四组中最高的。故选C项。 35.A【解析】理解主旨要义。本文主要介绍了一个研究团队使用鸟形机器人RoboFinches教斑胸草雀有鸟学鸟鸣的情况，故A项能概括文意，是合适的标题。故选A项。 七选五【难度-中】 36-40 BECFG 【详解】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了青少年与家长有效沟通方面的一些建议。 36.B【解析】根据上下文，“当你平静时，你会更好地表达你的想法。”因此，在与父母交谈之前保持冷静是非常重要的。B项“当你平静时进行谈话”符合语境。故选B项。 37.E【解析】根据上下文，“以一个陈述为开始，这个陈述要能解释你想讨论的问题，并帮你快速开始谈论你的感受。”E项“在介绍主题时要简明扼要”强调了说话时简洁切中要点的重要性，符合语境。故选E项。 38.C【解析】根据上下文，“父母通常有足够的理由做出某些决定，所以试着理解他们的出发点。”C项“谈谈他们的担忧”符合语境。故选C项。 39.F【解析】根据上下文，“这有助于他们对你们一起出去感到更舒服。”F项“尝试一些措施让你的父母更好地了解他们”提出了让父母更好地了解自己朋友们的建议，“them”指代前文“your friends”,逻辑一致，符合语境。故选F项。 40.G【解析】根据空前一句话，G项“即使你无法完全按照自己的意愿行事，你也可能会达成某种程度的理解。”符合语境。故选G项。 40 福建省福州市2024届高三下学期2月份质量检测 C篇 C篇是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了德克萨斯团队使用MRI扫描和人工智能成功解码大脑中的语言流，并重构人们听到或想象的内容主旨，这对不能说话的人或有助于了解大脑处理语言的方式。 第28题 D 依据在文章第一段中，“The system reconstructs the main point of what a person hears or imagines, rather than trying to copy each word… ‘It’s getting at the ideas behind the words, the meaning,’ says Alexander Huth…” 这说明该团队的系统能够重建人所听到或想象的内容的主要观点，获取单词背后的想法，即意义，因此选项D "Meanings can be comprehended"是正确的。 第29题 C 依据第三段中详细描述了研究中的实验过程：“研究人员让三名参与者在功能性磁共振成像扫描仪内各自度过了长达16小时…参与者带着耳机…在扫描仪中听了数小时的故事后，MRI数据被发送到电脑…然后出现了参与者所听内容的释义版本。” 这个段落集中在描述实验是如何进行的，因此选项C "The process of an experiment"是正确的。 第30题 C 原文中，“But future versions of MRI scans could raise moral questions”暗示着MRI扫描有未来的发展潜力，并且因为其能够帮助理解大脑如何处理语言，这是一个值得研究的科学领域，这正对应着C选项 “They are well worth researching”。另外，“Still, systems that decode language could someday support people who are unable to speak because of a brain injury or disease.” 这句话进一步突显了MRI扫描在医疗和科研方面的潜在价值，加强了C选项的合理性。 第31题 B 依据第一段中描述的研究系统重建人所听闻或想象内容的主题，而不是简单地复制每一个单词，作者说这个系统“正在得到单词背后的想法，即意义。”整个文章着重于如何使用MRI扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的词汇流，并重构人们听到或想象的内容的主题。因此，选项B "A Decoder That Can Convey Meaning"反映了文章的核心内容，是合适的标题。 D篇 D篇是一篇科学报道。文章介绍了科学家们利用南极海豹携带的追踪器搜集深海数据，发现现有海底地图存在不准确之处，如未知的Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon，有助于研究冰川融化。 第32题 B 第二段提到“researchers compared these dives’ location and depth data with some of the less detailed seafloor maps. They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps – meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate.” 这说明是通过海豹的潜水资料与现有的海底地图比对，来发现深度上的不准确性。 第33题 C 文章中提到了Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon的发现是由于海豹的深潜行为，“In eastern Antarctica’s Vincennes Bay, the diving seals helped the scientists find a large, hidden underwater canyon […] and the researchers have proposed naming their find the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon – honoring both the ship and the involved Elephant Seals, genus Mirounga.” 这一点作为支持证据, 显示了海豹在帮助科学家们探测和绘制海洋深处的地形方面的实际效果，以及他们如何帮助修正现有的海底地图。 第34题 D 最后一段讨论了海豹的潜水数据是如何被用来搜集有关南极深海的信息，并且这些数据对于预测南极冰如何融化是有价值的。“By understanding the presence and characteristics of these canyons, scientists can better assess how warmer water from the deep ocean flows towards the ice along the continent’s coast.” 这部分说明了科学家可以利用这些数据来监测冰的融化。 第35题 A 首段开头就提出了问题 - 人类已经航海了数千年，但是海洋深处仍然大部分是未知的，接着引入了海豹作为深海研究的新帮手。整篇文章的主旨是讲述了使用海豹跟踪器收集数据用于绘制海底地图的过程，并解释了这项研究是如何帮助科学家更好地研究海洋的深处，并预测冰川融化的。“Elephant Seals. Scientists have been placing trackers on them around Antarctica for years, gathering data on ocean temperature."说明了海豹如何辅助绘制海底图。 41 江苏省G4（苏州中学、淮阴中学、海门中学、姜堰中学）2024届第二学期四校联考 C篇 C篇是一篇科学报道。文章主要讲述了一项研究，发现山雀会选择特定流行颜色装饰巢穴，表现出时尚趋势行为。 第28题 D 文章中提到“Henry Smith Williams… noticed that when he put various colored balls of yarn out… almost always one and only one became popular that season… suggested that the color chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others.” 这说明是最先选择颜色的鸟引领了其它鸟的颜色选择。 第29题 A 文章介绍到研究对象的鸟“carry transponders fitted to them after their capture in mist nets. That allows the institute’s researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals…” 这表明这些鸟配备了跟踪设备。 第30题 A 文章描述了实验中使用的五个投放器的用途“Each contained threads of two colors… but all were set to dispense only one of these… at least one local nest was seen to include wool from a dispenser. At that moment, the other color was made available, too.” 这意味着两种颜色并非同时提供，符合选项A。 第31题 B 文章最后一段提到“Dr Wild and Dr Aplin suspect the trendsetters are older birds, and that evolution favors younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit.” 说明他们认为老年鸟是时尚的引领者, 年轻鸟更倾向于模仿它们。这和B选项表述一致。 D篇 D篇是一篇议论文。文章讨论了社交和商业场合中“过度道歉”现象，指出道歉已变得泛滥失去原本含义，建议慎重使用以保持权力。 第32题 C 文章中有一段讲到 Louise Julig 的体悟，“I wasn’t really that sorry…‘Sorry has lost its meaning… Now, faced with a blank email, Ms. Julig asks herself, did I miss something, or mess someone else up? If the answer is no, she’s not sorry.” 这说明她认识到在许多情况下她不需要道歉。 第33题 B 作者在文章中提到自己的经历，“I tried, in the course of reporting this column, to cut back on my apologies. Mostly I failed…” 作者尝试减少道歉的频率，但主要是失败了，因此选项B正确。 第34题 C 文章中 Jeffrey Pfeffer 的观点提到，“…doing so in business, especially when you’ve actually done something wrong, is just asking for trouble—you’re giving away your power…” 他建议在商业中，尤其是当你真的做错了事情时，过多的道歉会让你失去权力，因此正确答案为C。 第35题 C 文章主要讨论的是频繁道歉的问题，指出如 Louise Julig 以及作者本人在减少道歉频率方面的困难，并述说了 Jeffrey Pfeffer 对于商业中不必要的道歉应该避免的建议。整体来看，文章探讨的是道歉过多为什么不受欢迎，因此答案C正确。 42 安徽省合肥市2024届高三第一次教学质量检测（一模） C篇 第28题 A 在第二段中，文中提到了传统回收的问题：“the most common recycling option - when plastic is washed, processed and turned into new products - doesn’t actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are often of lower quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same.” 这说明传统的回收方式并没有达到减少废物的预期效果，因为回收材料质量较差，并且可能最终仍旧被填埋。因此，答案为A。 第29题 A 在第三段中，有关以前研究中使用的微生物的方法，原文提到：“But the known plastic-digesting microbes can only do so at warm temperatures above 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When done at an industrial scale, the amount of energy needed to generate that much heat makes the process give off more carbon - and cost more money.” 这暗示了以前的方法在实际操作中是不切实际的，因为它需要在较高温度下才能进行，这在工业规模上将会耗费大量能源，导致成本增加，产生更多碳排放。因此，答案为A。 第30题 B 在第四段中，讨论了新研究的内容，在最后提到："If we move away from the conventional nonbiodegradable materials, 'and we start to use more of these biodegradable plastics, then it’s good that we know how to degrade them more quickly so they’re less of an environmental problem.” 这指出，这项新研究显示，我们已经找到在较低温度下分解可降解塑料的微生物，这可能为更高效的回收系统开辟了新道路。因此答案为B。 第31题 D 在第五段中，Gavin Lear提到使用自然微生物：“can provide a head start when it comes to designing a strategy for bio-recycling.” 在这里"head start"意思是在生物回收策略设计方面的优势或先行优势，即利用这些微生物可以让我们在开发回收方法时领先一步。因此，答案为D。 D篇 第32题 C 在第一段中提到，“…showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.” 这表明在演示中的机器人被编程以感受不同程度的“痛感”，类似于动物的痛感。因此，答案是C。 第33题 A 第二段解释了开发能够感受痛感的机器人神经系统的重要性。Kuehn指出，“‘疼痛是一个保护我们的系统’当我们避开疼痛源头，它帮助我们不受伤。”这说明了教机器人感受痛感的重要性。因此，答案是A。 第34题 C 第三段谈到了一个实际的例子，“例如，如果手臂感到轻微疼痛，它会缓慢撤退直到疼痛停止，然后返回到它原来的任务；严重的痛感，同时，会导致手臂进入一种锁定模式，直到它能够得到人类操作者的帮助。” 这个例子直接说明了机器人是如何根据疼痛的不同程度做出不同反应的。因此，答案是C。 第35题 D 在最后一段中，作者指出，“只有时间才能告诉我们，但有一件事是显而易见的，Kuehn和Haddadin的工作可能会导致机器人变得比以往任何时候都更像人类。” 这表示作者对Kuehn和Haddadin的研究持乐观态度，认为这项工作扩展了机器人的能力，使它们更加接近于人类。因此，答案是D。 43 东北三省三校2024届第一次联合模拟考试 C篇 C篇讨论了大熊猫的独特斑纹与它们生存环境的关系，以及这些斑纹是如何帮助它们在自然环境中进行保护色伪装。 第28题 C 与其他哺乳动物相比，大熊猫有什么不同？大多数哺乳动物具有棕色和灰色的皮毛，而大熊猫以其鲜明的黑白相间、独特的颜色和斑纹而著称。因此，答案是C. They have exceptional colors and patterns（它们有特殊的颜色和图案）。 第29题 A 在第3段中，下划线的词语"confined to"可以解释为什么？在这里"confined to"意味着大熊猫被限制在一定区域内，即西方的森林环境。故答案为A. Enclosed in.（被限制在……内）。 第30题 B 第4段的目的是什么？这一段在确认大熊猫的斑纹颜色与它们栖息地的环境颜色相匹配，从而解释这些颜色在迷惑捕食者方面的作用。因此，答案是B. To confirm the panda’s color connection to the habitat（确认熊猫颜色与栖息地的联系）。 第31题 C 从最后两段中，我们能推断出关于大熊猫的什么信息？谈到大熊猫的防御色彩的有效性与观察距离有关，即在远距离观察时，大熊猫与自然背景融为一体，变得难以辨认。因此，答案是C. The effectiveness of defensive colors is related to distance（防御色彩的有效性与距离有关）。 D篇 D篇介绍了科技如何帮助人们获得穿衣打扮的建议，包括专门的应用程序和网站用于提供时尚建议和根据个人数据挑选合适服饰的服务。 第32题 D 题目问在社交媒体上寻求时尚建议的问题是什么。文中提到，当人们对时尚感到迷茫时，社交媒体虽然是一个好方法，但有时会带来太多相互冲突的建议和直言不讳的意见。这意味着社交媒体提供的时尚建议可能会自相矛盾，所以答案是D. Contradictory advice（矛盾的建议）。 第33题 B 这些时尚应用可能的目标用户是谁？文中提到的几个新应用如Ask Anna、Mallzee和StyleDotMe都在为年轻女性提供穿着建议，因此目标用户是对外表在意，寻求穿着建议的年轻女性。所以答案是B. Young women fashion-goers（年轻女性时尚追随者）。 第34题 C 网站EyeFitU如何帮助用户找到合适的衣服？文中提到，此网站通过用户的性别、身高、体重和年龄等基本信息建立尺码档案，用来找到适合他们真实体型的衣服。所以答案是C. By analysing users’ basic information（通过分析用户的基本信息）。 第35题 D 以下哪个标题最适合本文？文中穿插提到了不同的技术手段如应用程序、网站和智能相机，说明科技是提供时尚建议的驱动力。所以答案是D. Tech-driven Fashion Advice（科技驱动的时尚建议）。 44 广东省深圳市2024年高三第一次调研考试（一模） C 本文是一篇书评，主要介绍并评价了耶鲁大学心理学教授Keil所写的Wonder这本书的相关内容。考查学生对语篇细节信息的理解能力和基于信息进行推断的能力。核心价值在于引导学生关注好奇心或探索欲的发展特点，对其正确地认识和了解，从而提升自我学习探索的意识和能力。 28. 答案：D。细节理解题，根据文章第二段的“My child’s experience is not unique. Developmental psychologist … drops dramatically in children by the fourth grade.”可知答案为D。 29. 答案：D。推理判断题，根据题干问题定位文章第四段的“Children’s questions, particularly those about “why” and “how,” support the development of causal mechanisms which can be used to help their day-to-day reasoning.”可知答案为D。 30. 答案：B。细节理解题，根据文章第五段的“Keil shows that we can support children’s ongoing wonder by playing games with them as partners, encouraging question-asking, and focusing on their abilities to reason and conclude.”可知答案为 B。 31. 答案：A。推理判断题，根据第三段的“In Wonder: Childhood and the Lifelong Love of Science…”和第五段中的“In the book, Wonder…”并结合文章内容，可知答案为 A。 D 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了麻省理工学院的一群研究者们在实验室中研发类木植物材料的实验。考查学生理解具体信息、在语篇中基于信息进行推断和对语篇分析归纳的能力。核心价值在于引导学生关注科技发展以及其给自然环境和生态保护带来的影响，培养学生对科学的热爱以及其科技创新意识和环保意识。 32. 答案：C。细节理解题，根据题干问题定位文章第一段的“Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest…To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have pioneered a technique…”可知答案为 C。 33. 答案：B。主旨大意题，根据第二段的“In the lab, the researchers first…then moved to another…Next, the researchers…Finally, the researchers…”可知答案为 B。 34. 答案：A。细节理解题，根据题干问题定位文章第三段的“They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials…Higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials more rigid”可知答案为 A。 35. 答案：B。推理判断题，根据题干问题定位文章最后一段的“It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve”可知答案为B。 45 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生二月调研考试（二调） C篇 C篇是一篇文章评论。文章探讨了格林童话第一版的重要性，讲述了格林兄弟保存民俗的动机，并对比了后续版本与第一版的差异，强调了初版的文化和历史价值。 第28题 B 作者在文本中提到了“…this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from the oral tradition and preserve them for future generations.”（这一版启发了欧洲各地的民俗学者收集来自口头传统的故事，并为未来的世代保存它们。）这说明第一版不仅仅是一个起源点，而是对于文化传承和保存的意义有着重大的影响，因此答案B "为了赏析其重要性"符合这个描述。 第29题 D 第三段讨论了格林兄弟收集民间故事和歌曲的初衷。“…what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were to be located in the past…”（吸引他们专注于古老德国文学的是一种信念，即最自然和纯粹的文化形式存在于过去…）段落说明了他们的动机是为了揭示和保存过去的天然语言和文化。因此，答案D "格林收集故事的动机"与这一段内容吻合。 第30题 B 文章中提到了第一版故事的特点：“The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know, engaging people to learn from symbols how to engage their realities…”（说书人不拐弯抹角，他们讲述他们所知道的真相，让人们从象征中学习如何面对现实…），因此显然是在指示读者如何将故事中的教训应用于现实生活。而不是特别强调了语言的美感（C选项）或是后妈的嫉妒和残忍（D选项）。所以答案B "它指导读者融入到生活中"与文中描述相一致。 第31题 D 文本中提到：“…it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from the oral tradition and preserve them for future generations.”（正是这一版激励了整个欧洲的民俗学者收集口头传统中的故事，并为后代保存）。这显示了格林兄弟在保存民间文化方面起到了先驱的作用，因此答案D "他们是保存民间文化的先驱"与文本内容相符。其他的选项如A（他们是古董收藏家）、B（他们在后来的版本中保持了他们的风格）和C（他们非常看重现代文学）都没有在文中找到直接支持的证据。 D篇 D篇是一篇说明文。文章讨论了多元宇宙在好莱坞的流行性及科学界对此的争议，探究了其科学合理性和哲学争论。 第32题 A 原文第二段指出多元宇宙作为叙事工具的吸引力显而易见，“characters explore a multi-world with varying degrees of similarity to our own, as well as different versions of themselves”（角色探索与我们自己世界程度不同的多个世界，以及他们自己的不同版本）。因此，它使得情节变得更加引人入胜，因此答案A "它让情节更吸引人"符合原文描述。 第33题 C 画线词“didn’t pull the idea out of thin air”直译为“并非凭空想出这个主意”，在本文中，这个短语的意思是指这个想法并非没有根据的或者未经思考的，而是有一定的基础或依据的。所以，B选项“不合时宜”，A选项“过时”，D选项“毫无疑问”与所要表达的意义都不符，只有C选项“凭空”，意即“没有依据的”或“似乎是突如其来的”，是正确的选择。 第34题 A 原文第四段明确表述了反对者的观点：“If we can’t interact with these other universes, or detect them in any way, some experts insist that reduces them to mere philosophical speculation”（如果我们无法与这些其他宇宙交互或以任何方式探测到它们，一些专家坚持认为，这将它们归结为纯哲学推测）。因此可以得出，对于基础物理学的标准是存在可能探测和可互动性，答案A "它能够以某种方式被探测"与原文陈述一致。 第35题 D 文章的最后一段提供了一个关于这个问题的提示。当提到Siegfried的观点时：“Every time in the past that we’ve thought, ‘We’ve got it; this is what the whole universe is’-the people who’ve said, ‘Maybe there’s more than one of those’ have always turned out to be right”（每次在过去，我们都认为我们已经了解了；这就是整个宇宙-那些说’可能不止一个那样的东西’的人总是被证明是对的）。这个结论表明了作者可能对多元宇宙论持开放态度，认为探索宇宙可能还有其他奥秘。尽管直接的态度表述没有给出，从作者提供的结尾来看，可以推断作者对多元宇宙持有一个赞同或至少是开放的态度，因此答案D "赞同"与原文的脉络相符。 46 福建省七地市2024届高三毕业班1月第一次质量检测 C篇 C篇描述了加州理工学院 (Caltech) 科学家正在探索一种新技术，该技术可以通过在太空中收集太阳能并无线传输到地球，即使在夜间也能使用。 第28题 B 题目询问 Caltech 的 MAPLE 项目中的挑战是什么。文章第二段提及了无线传输能源的难点：“But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier.” 所以答案是 B. Wireless energy delivery. 第29题 C 题目询问 Caltech 团队如何集中太阳能。第三段解释了他们如何通过控制大量微波的时序让它们汇聚能量，并聚焦能量在一个方向。答案是 C. By controlling the timing of microwaves. 第30题 D 题目询问据 Dr. Hajimiri 说，这个系统将来可能带来什么潜在的好处。文章最后一段提到了他的看法：“He believes that in the future, we’ll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster.” 说明这个系统可以向需要能源的地方输送能源，因此答案是 D. Sending energy to regions in urgent need. 第31题 D 题目询问文本的适当标题可以是什么。整篇文章讲述的是从太空无线发送能源到地球的可能性，第二段开始就介绍了 MAPLE 设备和它在这个技术上的作用。所以答案是 D. The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth. D篇 D篇描述了银杏树，一个在全球多个城市街道和公园中可以发现的植物，它的历史、生态和文化重要性，以及科学家对其在气候变化中生存的乐观看法。 第32题 C 题目询问可能导致银杏树叶片落晚的原因是什么。文章提到科学家记载的银杏落叶现象越来越晚，这可能是气候变化的迹象。因此，答案是 C. The global warming phenomenon. 第33题 A 题目询问第三段主要讲了什么内容。第三段叙述了银杏物种几乎灭绝的原因——130百万年前开花植物出现，它们生长更快，吸引了更多的传粉者，并且全球气温冷却，银杏开始消失，直到在中国发现仅存的几棵。答案是 A. The reasons why ginkgos almost died out. 第34题 A 题目询问可能促成银杏生存的是什么。文中提到过去可能有动物食用银杏，并将种子传播。1000年前，中国人可能开始种植和食用它们的种子。因此，答案是 A. Their eatable seeds. 第35题 B 题目询问 Crane 对于银杏未来的感觉如何。Crane 表达了对银杏未来的积极态度，指出其受人类喜爱的特性将有助于该物种的生存，并说它不太可能会灭绝，所以答案是 B. Optimistic. 47 江苏省常州市2024届高三上学期期末学业水平监测 C篇 【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过描述宇宙大爆炸的过程，解释了宇宙起源的奥秘。 【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“It is natural but wrong to visualize the singularity as a kind of packed spot hanging in a dark, boundless void (虚空). There is no space, no darkness. The singularity has no “around” around it. We can’t even ask how long it has been there-whether it has just lately exploded into being, like a good idea, or whether it has been there forever, quietly awaiting the right moment. Time doesn’t exist. There is no past for it to emerge from.(把奇点想象成一个挂在黑暗、无边无际的虚空中的密集的点是很自然但错误的。那里没有空间，没有黑暗。奇点周围没有“周围”。我们甚至不能问它在那里多久了——它是最近才突然出现，像一个好主意，还是它一直在那里，静静地等待着合适的时刻。时间并不存在。它没有过去可以出现)”可知，奇点是一个什么都没有的点，包括时间，人们能想象，但是是错误的，所以它是神秘的。故选B项。 【29题详解】细节理解题。原文在讨论宇宙的初始状态时，描述了big bang（大爆炸）的过程：“…the singularity assumes heavenly dimensions, space beyond conception.” 这表明expansion（扩张）是大爆炸的第一个步骤，随之而来的是gravity的产生和其他物理力的出现。因此B选项是正确的顺序。 【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“In three minutes, 98 percent of all the matter there is or will ever be has been produced. We have a universe. It is a place of the most wondrous and gratifying possibility, and beautiful, too. And it was all done in about the time it takes to make a sandwich.(在三分钟内，98%的现有或将会存在的物质都产生了。我们有一个宇宙。这是一个最奇妙和最令人满意的可能性，也是一个美丽的地方。这一切都是在做一个三明治的时间内完成的)”可推知，作者对宇宙形成的速度感到惊讶。故选C项。 【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“And so, from nothing, our universe begins with a big “bang”.(因此，我们的宇宙从无到有，开始于一个大“爆炸”。)”以及综合全文可知，本文先描述了什么是奇点，然后描述奇点爆炸，宇宙形成，所以应是来自自科学书籍的如何构建宇宙这一章。故选D项。 D篇 【解析】本文的是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在用户界面设计中的应用所带来的问题，包括使用困难、选择受限以及科技公司对用户决策的控制等。 【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence.(像许多公司一样，苹果公司已经决定，如果可以使用人工智能，就没有必要开发一款易于使用的产品)”可知，作者使用Apple作为众多公司中的一个代表，来说明即使是知名公司如Apple在使用人工智能时也忽视了易用性的问题，所以是作为一个例子。故选C项。 【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” (Alexa和Siri已经成为有意计算的替代品。他们很容易将命令输入语音界面，但牺牲了“我们能做什么”，而变成了“亚马逊或苹果允许我们做什么”)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。当用户在Siri或Alexa中搜索某样东西时，苹果和亚马逊控制着搜索结果。谷歌已经根据你的位置提供了截然不同的搜索结果，并多次重新设计搜索本身，以欺骗用户点击在某种程度上有利于谷歌的链接)”可知，Alexa和Siri等智能助手虽然提供了便捷的语音交互方式，但限制了用户的选择，使得用户只能做Amazon或Apple允许的事情。这实际上是在为这些科技巨头控制用户决策、进而获取更多利益服务。故选D项。 【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices.(这种人工智能的“创新”并不是创造新东西，而只是公司在几十年混乱的设计选择之后向你出售基本的可用性)”以及倒数第二段“Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making.(基于人工智能的用户界面剥夺了用户的选择，使科技巨头能够控制他们的决策。)”可知，作者认为科技巨头的人工智能解决方案不是创造新东西且剥夺了用户的选择，所以是不赞成的。故选B项。 【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises.(令人沮丧的是，我们的未来将成为一个我们必须在向人工智能寻求帮助或在越来越多的设计糟糕的菜单中挣扎之间做出选择的地方，希望我们能够帮助自己。作为消费者，我们应该向那些将我们的数字生活变成万亿级企业的公司提出更多要求)”可知，这里作者呼吁读者认识到当前基于AI的用户界面设计存在的问题，以及这些问题如何影响用户的选择和决策。所以是为了让读者认识到基于人工智能的解决方案的本质。故选C项。 48 江苏省南通市等苏北六市2024届高三第一次调研测试（一模） C篇 C篇是一篇书评。文章介绍了了有关气候变化的新书saving us，以及其作者Hayhoe是如何与反对者求同存异，感召他人关注气候变化。 28题 A 由文章第1段描述可知，“Saving us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, ‘The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it’.”这本书是TED演讲的续作，旨在教会人们分享气候问题的沟通技巧。因此，A选项是正确的。 29题 D 由文章第2段 “Much of th$$ 2025届高考英语阅读理解CD篇精讲精练70篇(二) 目录 36 湖北省八市2024届高三3月联考 37 广东省2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(一) 38 浙江省强基联盟2024届高三下学期3月联考 39 辽宁省名校联盟2024届高三3月份联合考试 40 福建省福州市2024届高三下学期2月份质量检测 41 江苏省G4（苏州中学、淮阴中学、海门中学、姜堰中学）2024届第二学期四校联考 42 安徽省合肥市2024届高三第一次教学质量检测（一模） 43 东北三省三校2024届第一次联合模拟考试 44 广东省深圳市2024年高三第一次调研考试（一模） 45 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生二月调研考试（二调） 46 福建省七地市2024届高三毕业班1月第一次质量检测 47 江苏省常州市2024届高三上学期期末学业水平监测 48 江苏省南通市等苏北六市2024届高三第一次调研测试（一模） 49 山东省济南市2024届高三上学期期末学习质量检测 50 江苏省苏州市2024届高三第一学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷 51 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试2024年1月适应性测试（九省联考） 52 福建省泉州市2024届高中毕业班质量检测（二） 53 江苏省南京市、盐城市2024届高三第一次模拟考试 54 江苏省海安高级中学2024届高三年级12月份测试 55 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） 56 湖南省长沙市长郡中学2024届高三月考试卷（五） 57 八省八校2024届高三第一次学业质量评价（T8联考） 58 广东省广州市2024届高三上学期调研测试（零模） 59 江苏省天一中学、淮阴中学、海门中学、姜堰中学2024届高三12月联考 60 Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2024届高三第二次联考 61 山东省实验中学2024届高三上学期第二次诊断考试（期中） 62 浙江省9+1高中联盟2024届高三上学期期中考试 63 湖北省部分重点中学2024届高三第一次联考 64 浙江省绍兴市2024届高三上学期高考科目诊断性考试（一模） 65 浙江省温州市普通高中2024届高三第一次适应性考试（一模） 66 浙江省杭州市2024届高三上学期11月教学质量检测（一模） 67 江浙高中(县中)发展共同体2024届高三年级10月联考 68 江苏省南京市2024届高三年级9月学情调研 69 湖北省武汉市部分学校2024届高三上学期九月调研考试（九调） 70 福建省泉州市2024届高中毕业班质量检测（一） 36 湖北省八市2024届高三3月联考 C The hens look up at me from their nesting boxes. They seem slightly annoyed but unsurprised. A child runs up, pushes one of the chickens aside, and snatches two eggs. Around me，a half-dozen more children and adults collect eggs while a half-dozen others hand-feed dried mealworms to birds flocking around our ankles. I reach for an egg from an empty nest. There is something perfect about the way it fits warmly in the palm of my hand before I transfer it into a pretty wire basket provided to me by my hosts. The egg harvest is a brief, carefully designed agritourism experience offering an experience of the labor rather than just having a bite of food. Snatching a few eggs and uprooting a few vegetables on the farm tour don't constitute a full day's work, but it is also a useful reminder that food doesn't just magically appear on restaurant plates and grocery store shelves. Of course, visitors can take those eggs home or bring them to the on-farm restaurant，Clay，where a chef will use them to prepare breakfast. A few centuries of industrialization, urbanization, and globalization have collected people into cities, but the attraction of the countryside has always remained. In the new urban-centered world, enterprising farmers have found plenty of opportunities to sell their rural lifestyle along with their crops. Italy promoted the modern model for combining agriculture and tourism in the wake of World WarⅡ, when the national government encouraged rural populations to continue producing food rather than move to urban areas in search of more profitable jobs. Agritourism acts as an umbrella term for a wide variety of activities that take place on farms, including farmstays, where guests sleep on-site. For varying investments of time, energy, and money, anyone can engage in our farming system, giving consumers a peek behind the farm-to-table world. 28. Why does the author describe children and adults collecting eggs in the beginning? A. To introduce agritourism. B. To describe the use of eggs. C. To show the innocence of the children. D. To emphasize the happiness of the children and adults. 29. What is accessible to consumers in agritourism activities? A. Engaging in planting vegetables in person. B. Doing some simple but meaningful farm-work. C. Enjoying some self-made egg products on the farm. D. Clarifying the farm-to-table concept through practice. 30. What can you learn from the last two paragraphs? A. The appeal of rural life gradually fade away due to industrialization. B. The desire to search for more well-paid jobs accelerated the speed of agritourism. C. Italian government's calls contributed a lot to the trend of moving from villages to cities. D. Promising farmers were dedicated to promoting their lifestyle along with agricultural products. 31. What is the author's attitude toward agritourism? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Supportive. D. Sympathetic. D Chinese scientists have created a breakthrough fibre that can be woven into warm, light weight clothing using aerogel, a thermal insulation(热绝缘) material mainly used in the aerospace industry. Aerogel, notable for their performance and durability, could have various applications. As the world's lightest solid material, it has long been valued for its thermal insulation properties. Traditional aerogel, made by replacing the liquid in aerogel with air, is extraordinarily light, resembling a solid cloud of smoke. Its high porosity(多孔性) gives it exceptional heat resistance, but this also makes it fragile and challenging to process, limiting its use in civilian applications. But now, researchers at Zhejiang University have overcome aerogels fragility and designed an encapsulated aerogel fibre(EAF ) with similar thermal insulation mechanisms----after being inspired by the structure of polar bear hair. The China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation as well as Nasa have used EAF in Mars rovers, which endure extreme temperatures ranging from thousands of degrees during the Martian landing to -130 degrees Celsius ( -202 degrees Fahrenheit ) on the planet's surface. ln an experiment, a volunteer wore textiles(纺织品) made of EAF, down, wool, and cotton in a -20 degree Celsius environment. The surface temperatures of these materials were 3.5degrees，3.8 degrees, 7.2 degrees, and 10.8 degrees respectively, indicating the superior insulation of EAF. They showed the practicality of EAF by weaving a jumper and comparing its thermal insulation to common textile materials. As well as being strong and stretchable，EAF can also be washed and dyed，improving its use in practical applications. Traditional silica aerogel will absorb water and collapse on itself. As a result，it quickly loses its thermal insulation qualities in wet or humid environments. However，EAF maintains its performance even after machine washing. Professor Zhang Xuetong of the Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, highlighted the potential of the aerogel fibres in advanced thermal textiles. As well as its potential for civilian use，EAF fibre also holds promise for industries that are already familiar with aerogels. “EAF textiles feature excellent thermal insulation and multifunction and have great potential in areas such as military uniforms and space suits in extremely cold environments,” professor Zhang noted in a paper. However, he also noted the gap between existing technology and capacity for mass production. “Challenges exist regarding how to develop fast spinning technology and resolve the continuous fabrication that is necessary for mass production.” 32. What is the characteristic of traditional aerogel? A. It can be easily processed. B. It is resistant to high temperatures. C. It is a solid cloud of smoke. D. It can effectively insulate electricity. 33. What is EAF's advantage in enduring extreme temperature based on? A. Research statistics. B. Public comments. C. Scientific prediction. D. Commercial reports. 34. Professor Zhang Xuetong's study found that mass production could be possible if__. A. advancement is made in thermal textiles B. there exists need for continuous fabrication C. barriers in fast spinning technology are overcome D. aerogel's strengths and weaknesses get balanced 35. What is the text mainly about? A. The development of aerogel fibre. B. The potential use of biomimetic fibre. C. Great breakthrough in aerospace industry. D. China's newly-woven clothing made from aerogel. 37 广东省2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(一) C If you’ve noticed you’re getting less while your bill almost stays the same, it’s not just you. “Shrinkflation”—reducing a product’s size or quantity while keeping its price stable—is showing up in shops around the world. As the global economy struggles with inflation(通货膨胀), rising material costs and higher human cost, consumers are bearing the increasing production prices. “Consumers are more likely to notice how their purchases are affecting their wallets than the amount of product ‘lost’ when sizes decrease,” says Mark Stiving, the chief pricing educator at Impact Pricing. As a result, companies use shrinkflation to make consumers “less painful”. Yet even as shrinkflation comes with inflation, the problem doesn’t end after inflation does. Once the new sizes are on the shelf, they are likely to stay that way. “Shoppers don’t have a choice. They have to adapt themselves to the changes,” adds Stiving. There are rare exceptions, but companies generally take the opportunity to get more profits. For many companies, shrinkflation seems to be unavoidable. In food industry, for example, where customers are highly sensitive to price, lifting prices might make customers jump ship to another brand. But facing the continuous inflation, the companies have to do something to maintain their profits. Introducing small reduction in the size of their goods should enable them to improve profits while keeping their prices competitive. But once customers notice the change, they might feel fooled, leading to a loss of trust and confidence. Some grocers are using stickers to remind shoppers of shrinkflation, but still, it’s a tough hit to the bottom line----especially because the price of products generally doesn’t fall as inflation does. Consumers may need to examine both price and size sensibly as they shop, and make sure they don’t fall into the trap of that super size on the shelf. 28. Why does shrinkflation make consumers “less painful” according to Stiving? A. Shrinkflation reduces human cost. B. Shrinkflation raises purchasing power. C. Consumers become more aware of size. D. Consumers experience little increase in cost. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The concerns of shoppers. B. The interests of companies. C. The impact of shrinkflation. D. The phenomenon of inflation. 30. What is the author’s attitude to the shrinkflation in paragraph 4? A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Dismissive. D. Unclear. 31.What should consumers do according to the last paragraph? A. Draw a bottom line. B. Put warning stickers. C. Choose smaller packs. D. Make a conscious decision. D We learn about the world through the knowledge accumulated(积累) over thousands of years. Standing on the. shoulders of great men, we don’t have to experience endless trial and error, just as the wheels do not have to be reinvented each time to run a car. But where does our ability to learn from others come from? A study led by Markus Paulus, professor at Loyola Marymount University, shows that the ability has its roots in earliest childhood. “It’s generally assumed that children’s ability to imitate(模仿)is inborn, but according to our observation, children, imitate, because they themselves are imitated by caregivers. This interaction enables a cultural transfer of knowledge, which, through generations’ efforts, consequently leads to the development of human beings,” says Markus Paulus. In this research, Paulus recorded the interaction between mother and child over several months. The babies came into the lab for the first time at the age of 6 months, while their final visit was when they were 18 months old. As they engaged in various play situations, the interactions and imitations of mother and child were analyzed. The long-term study showed that the more sensitive a mother was in her interactions with her six-month-old child and the more often she imitated the baby, the greater the child’s overall ability was at the age of 18 months. Paulus’ research shows that mutual imitation is the keystone of knowledge transfer, through which children successfully learn various skills, such as how to use objects, waving and acquisition of language. “This interaction is the nucleus of learning and, finally, gives rise to evolutionary success of human,” says Paulus. “Cultural learning is an essential part of human evolution, and it is rooted in the imitation of others, particularly our caregivers during our earliest childhood,” says Paulus. “Through this, we learn from each other and pass on knowledge to the next generation, so certain actions or techniques do not have to be constantly invented again.” 32. Why does the author mention the example of wheels? A. To praise the invention of car wheels. B. To describe the process of trial and error. C. To emphasize the necessity of new tools. D. To show the importance of prior knowledge. 33.What can we learn about Paulus research? A. Children’s imitation was recorded by mothers. B. Sensitive mothers encouraged children’s imitation. C. Children’s ability was analyzed through interaction. D. Effective interaction promoted children’s development. 34.What does the underlined word “nucleus” mean in paragraph 4? A. Core. B. Result. C. Aim. D. Content. 35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Why does Evolution Matter? B. How to Interact with Children? C. Imitation: The Engine of Evolution D. Cultural Learning: The Root of Imitation 38 浙江省强基联盟2024届高三下学期3月联考 C Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement. Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain. While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body's natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals. In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery. Using Raman microscopy(显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240,000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to l00 times larger than previous estimates. These plastics likely originate from the bottle material，filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff,” the study's lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal,” he added. 28. What is the primary focus of the new research? A. The presence of plastic particles. B. The use of plastic in everyday products. C. The detection methods for microplastics. D. The potential risks of nanoplastics to human. 29. What is the advantage of Raman microscopy? A. Finding the source of plastic particles. B. Helping to cure the deadly flu virus. C. Detecting the smaller plastic particles. D. Improving the quality of bottled water. 30. Why will the team expand their research into tap water? A. To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution. B. To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life. C. To further measure the types of particles in tap water. D. To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas. 31. What is Qian's attitude towards his research? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Conservative. D. Positive. D I came across an image recently of a distance runner with a message that told readers to persevere(坚持) at all costs. It reminded me of a conversation I had. My colleague's teaching assistant was asking for my advice. He wanted to know when to quit something. He described how he'd been playing an online game with people for some time. It hadn't been very fun lately，but there was always that small chance of a reward (upgraded equipment, etc). I inquired further about his relationship with the players and his gains from the game. I then discussed the sunk cost dilemma, a concept l studied in advanced school due to its personal impact. In high school, l applied to five universities, planning to choose the cheapest one. SUU offered the best scholarship，and after paying a $ 100 commitment fee, l heard back from another school with an even better scholarship. Despite the new offer，l stayed committed to SUU, believing that switching schools, even if it meant acknowledging the “wasted” $ 100, would have been the wiser financial choice. A rational(理性的)decision maker is not ruled by past investments, but weighs future outcomes. I didn't focus on future outcomes when weighing colleges. l focused on the money I sunk into SUU. Rather than evaluating future career options, I focused on the fact that I'd already taken elementary education courses. I'm not the only one that's fallen prey to this. I wear clothes I dislike simply because I spent money on them (and that money won't come back). Unhealthy relationships last be-cause of the invested time (leading to more unhappy years). However, time, effort, or money that you've invested doesn't mean you should continue. Society often stresses perseverance----never quit，never give up, don't waste. However, only you know your right path. Walking away can be the toughest choice. You might realize a path you're on is no longer the right one or never was. 32.Why does the author introduce a distance runner's image at first? A. To make a contrast. B. To give a definition. C. To draw a conclusion. D. To illustrate a theory. 33. What is the common characteristic of a rational decision maker? A. Following suit as most people. B. Taking elementary education. C. Valuing the development in future. D. Overlooking past investments. 34.What does the underlined idiom “fallen prey to” mean in the last paragraph? A. Get benefits from. B. Be harmed by. C. Be interested in. D. Get rid of. 35.Which is the best title of the text? A. Perseverance is a virtue B. The chosen path is the toughest C. Cut your losses for your winners D. Walking away means losing all 39 辽宁省名校联盟2024届高三3月份联合考试 C Summer tomatoes are so filled with promise: the red color; the grassy tomato-leaf smell; the expectation of a mouthful of sweet-salty tomato dishes. But supermarket tomato after supermarket tomato does little more than disappointment. How can a fruit with so much potential constantly taste slightly juicy at best and a globe of cardboard at worst? We know that modern tomatoes sold at the supermarket are picked green and grown for pest resistance, shipping, and shelf life-and that the agriculture industry creates produce designed for profit, not flavor. Are these the factors to blame for the tomato's poor taste? But even when allowed to ripen (成熟) before they are harvested and shipped with great care, modern tomatoes are still tasteless. When researchers looked into this tomato matter, they uncovered a fascinating genetic cause for the fruit's dullness. What to blame is a gene mutation (基因突变) discovered accidentally around 70 years ago, onto which tomato growers quickly relied. In fact, now the mutation has been deliberately grown into nearly all modern tomatoes. Why? It makes them a uniform and attractively red when ripe. Unfortunately for tomato lovers far and wide, the red-making mutation stops the activeness of an important gene responsible for producing the sugar and smell that are essential for a good smelling and flavorful tomato, as reported in the paper, which was published in the journal Science. When the researchers “turned on” the gene that had stopped working, the fruit had 20% more sugar and 20-30% more carotenoids (胡萝卜素) when ripe. Yet the fruit's non-uniform greenish color suggest that main-stream growers will not be following suit anytime soon. However, for anyone with a nearby farmer's market, a supermarket that offers traditional produce, or a garden in the back, there is another choice instead of cardboard-flavored tomatoes. Traditional tomatoes and wild species have not had the essence of tomatoes sucked out of them by selective growing-so shop for those or grow them yourself. They may not look like the Disney version of a perfect fruit, but they actually taste like tomatoes. 28. Why is a question raised at the end of paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To draw a conclusion from comparison. C. To encourage readers to take action. D. To express disappointment at supermarket tomatoes. 29. Why are modern tomatoes tasteless? A. They have ripened when picked. B. They are affected by gene mutation. C. They are kept on the shelf for too long. D. They are treated with chemicals for shipping. 30. What's a disadvantage of the tomatoes the researchers grew according to paragraph 4? A. Taste. B. Color. C. Size. D. Production. 31. What's the author's attitude towards traditional tomatoes? A. Critical. B. Unconcerned. C. Curious. D. Favorable. D Young male zebra finches (斑胸草雀) learn to communicate by listening to adults. In the lab, researchers have found that these songbirds can learn from audio recordings. But zebra finch-es learn better when they listen to live male finches, notes Ralph Simon. He studies how animals make and use sounds at the Nuremberg Zoo in Germany. Simon is part of the team that built RoboFinch, a robotic singing coach for finches. The researchers recorded videos of adult males to analyze how their beaks (喙) move when they sing. They then programmed their robots to copy those beak movements. Finally, the researchers painted their RoboFinches the same colors as the real birds. The team divided 45 young finches into four groups. Some only heard recordings of finch songs played by a speaker. Others listened with female birds that weren't singing. RoboFinches taught the two other groups of chicks. The birdsongs played from a speaker right behind the robots. And the robots' beaks moved either in or out of syne (协调) with the songs. That allowed the team to investigate whether beak or head movements aid song learning. The birds housed with RoboFinches eventually spent most of their time near the robot and its speaker. During the first week, finches living with a RoboFinch whose song was in sync with its beak motions spent 27 percent of their time near the robot. Those caged with a robot playing songs out of syne only spent 5 percent of their time near the setup during the first week. Finches that heard only the audio without RoboFinch or female birds spent even less time around the sound source. Young finches partnered with RoboFinches sang less while the songs played. This was es-pecially true when the robots' beaks moved in sync with the songs. Those paired with a female al-so sang less while hearing songs. The young finches seemed to pay close attention to the robots' movements during training sessions. Simon hopes researchers will adapt this approach to building robots of other species, too. 32. Whose song did the researchers record? A. Adult male finches’. B. Adult female finches’. C. Yong finches’. D. RoboFinches’. 33. How did the researchers divide the subject finches? A. By how fast they learn. B. By where they were kept. C. By how they react to the robot. D. By what they are accompanied with. 34. The finches with ______performed better than the other groups in the research. A. speakers behind them B. female finches keeping silent C. RoboFinches moving their beaks to the songs D. a recorder playing the songs 35. What's the best title of the text? A. RoboFinches Are Used as Singing Coaches B. Machine Learning Are Adapted to Building Robots C. Yong Finches Communicate Through Beak Movements D. Researchers Discovered How Finches Make and Use Sounds 40 福建省福州市2024届高三下学期2月份质量检测 C Scientists have found a way to decode(解码)a stream of words in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. The system reconstructs the main point of what a person hears or imagines, rather than trying to copy each word, a team reports. "It's getting at the ideas behind the words,” the meaning, says Alexander Huth, an author of the study. Previous efforts to decode language have relied on sensors placed directly on the surface of the brain. The sensors detect signals in areas involved in expressing words. But the Texas team's approach is an attempt to "decode more freeform thought, "says Marcel Just, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. The new study came about as part of an effort to understand how the brain processes language. Researchers had three people spend up to 16 hours each in a functional MRI scanner, which detects signs of activity across the brain. Participants wore headphones that streamed audio from the Inter-net. Those streams of words produced activity all over the brain, not just in areas associated with speech and language. After participants listened to hours of stories in the scanner, the MRI data was sent to a computer. It learned to match specific patterns of brain activity with certain streams of words. Then came a paraphrased version of what a participant heard. The MRI approach is currently slower and less accurate than an experimental communication system being developed for paralyzed people, where people get a sheet of electrical sensors im-planted directly on the surface of the brain. With an MRI-based system, no one has to get surgery. But future versions of MRI scans could raise moral questions. "What if you can read out the word that somebody is just thinking in their head? That's potentially a harmful thing. "Huth says. This technology can't really read minds uncontrollably, though. It only works when a participant is actively cooperating with scientists. Still, systems that decode language could someday support people who are unable to speak because of a brain injury or disease. They are also assisting scientists in understanding how the brain processes words and thoughts. 28. What is special about the Texas team's study? A. Brain can be reconstructed. B. Sensor signals can be improved. C. Expression can be perfected. D. Meanings can be comprehended. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The way of speech decoding. B. Steps of word matching. C. The process of an experiment. D. Patterns of brain activity. 30. What can be implied about MRI scans from the last paragraph? A. They are a double-edged sword. B. They are potentially harmful to life. C. They are well worth researching. D. They are helpful to treat brain disease. 31. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Decoder That Can Convey Meaning B. A Decoder That Can Read Your Mind C. MRI Scanner: Still a Long Way to Go D. MRI Scanner: Bridge Message Gap D Humans have sailed the oceans' surfaces for millennia, but their depths remain effectively un-charted. Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution. Maps of most regions display only approximate depths and often miss entire underwater mountains or canyons(峡谷). So researchers have introduced some deep-diving experts: Elephant Seals. Scientists have been placing trackers on them around Antarctica for years, gathering data on ocean temperature. For a new study, the researchers compared these dives' location and depth data with some of the less de-tailed seafloor maps. They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate. In eastern Antarctica's Vincennes Bay, the diving seals helped the scientists find a large, hidden underwater canyon of more than a mile in depth. An Australian research ship called the RSV Nuyina later measured the canyon's exact depth using sonar 纳)， and the researchers have pro-posed naming their find the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon -honoring both the ship and the involved Elephant Seals, genus Mirounga. But seals can't chart the entire ocean floor. The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal's geographical location only within about 1.5 miles, which allows for useful but not exactly high-resolution data. Plus, because the seals don't always dive to the bottom of the ocean, they can reveal only where the bottom is deeper than in existing maps- not shallower. Deep-sea research experts suggest improving on these data by using more precise CPS trackers and analyzing the seals' diving patterns to determine whether they have reached the seafloor or simply stopped going down. The potential use of the current seal-dive data is to gather information about the deep ocean around Antarctica, specifically regarding the location and depth of sea-floor canyons. This data can be valuable for predicting how Antarctica's ice will melt. By understanding the presence and characteristics of these canyons, scientists can better assess how warmer water from the deep ocean flows towards the ice along the continent's coast, This knowledge is crucial for accurately modeling and predicting the future behavior of Antarctica's ice sheets and their contribution to sea-level rise. 32. How did the researchers find out the depth inaccuracies? A. By gathering temperature data. B. With the help of seals' diving. C. By improving resolution of maps. D. With the trackers placed on canyons. 33. Why is the discovery of Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon mentioned? A. To provide more reference data. B. To introduce a new topic. C. To give supporting evidence. D. To make a comparison. 34. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Researchers can assess ocean features. B. Data can be used to track ice location. C. Underwater flow can be controlled. D. Scientists can monitor ice melting. 35. What is the text mainly about? A. Seals assist charting ocean floor. B. Seals advance GPS trackers' precision. C. Scientists draw inspiration from seals. D. Scientists uncover seals' diving patterns. 41 江苏省G4（苏州中学、淮阴中学、海门中学、姜堰中学）2024届第二学期四校联考 C Humans are not the animal kingdom’s only fashionistas (时尚达人). Tits (山雀) can be fashion-victims, too. A study published by Sonja Wild and Lucy Aplin of the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Biology shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season’s must-have color. Dr Wild and Dr Aplin were following up work published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist. He noticed that when he put various colored balls of yarn (纱线) out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season for incorporation into local birds’ nests. But which particular color was favored varied from season to season. This suggested that the color chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others. The birds chosen by Dr Wild and Dr Aplin were part of a well-monitored population of blue, great and marsh tits in a wood near the institute. Most birds in this wood carry transponders (发射机应答器) fitted to them after their capture in mist nets. That allows the institute’s researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals by logging their arrival at food dispensers (投放器) placed throughout the wood. One day in March 2021 Dr Wild, Dr Aplin and their collaborators employed five dispensers loaded with wool rather than food. Each contained threads of two colors—either orange and pink or blue and purple—but all were set to dispense only one of these. This remained so until at least one local nest was seen to include wool from a dispenser. At that moment, the other color was made available, too. Of 68 tits’ nests built that season in the experimental areas, 26 included wool from a dispenser. Of these, 18 were constructed after both colors had become available from all dispensers. Even so, 10 of that 18 included only the color of wool first chosen by a nest builder. Tits, then, do seem to be “on trend” when it comes to nest-building materials. Why that should happen remains unknown. Dr Wild and Dr Aplin suspect the trendsetters are older birds, and that evolution favors younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit. 28. What can we learn from Williams’ work published in 1934? A. Local birds like to make their nests colorful. B. Local birds can adapt well to seasonal changes. C. Bright colors are always favored by local birds. D. Early birds can lead the way in their color choices. 29. What is special about the birds studied by Dr Wild and Dr Aplin? A. They are well equipped to be tracked. B. Their nests come in a variety of colors. C. Their population is gradually declining. D. They are good at finding foods in woods. 30. What were the five dispensers used to do in the experiment? A. To provide two colors at different times. B. To attract more birds by offering different colors. C. To mix different colors for the birds to choose from. D. To test the effect of different colors on the feeding of tits. 31. What is Dr Wild and Dr Aplin’s assumption according to the last paragraph? A. Younger birds have a good sense of fashion. B. Older birds have an appeal in setting the fashion. C. Older birds force younger ones to follow in their steps. D. Younger birds can influence older birds’ choice of color D “Sorry, I’m just now seeing your email!” (You sent it 15 minutes ago.) “Sorry that you completely misinterpreted that thing I said.” “Sorry you just rammed into me with your grocery-store cart.” “Sorry” has become commonplace in daily conversations and communications. We drop it indiscriminately for all manner of things we really shouldn’t be sorry for. Is it time to stop? “I wasn’t really that sorry,” admits Louise Julig, a freelance writer in Encinitas, Calif., who found she was constantly apologizing for the “delay” when replying to notes, even when there wasn’t much of a delay at all. “‘Sorry has lost its meaning, no longer a heartfelt declaration of remorse (悔恨) but just a subconscious response,” said Louise Julig. Now, faced with a blank email, Ms. Julig asks herself, did I miss something, or mess someone else up? If the answer is no, she’s not sorry. I understand very well how she feels. When I searched my sent emails for the phrase, “Sorry for the delay,” the result was too many hits for Gmail to give me an exact count. I tried, in the course of reporting this column, to cut back on my apologies. Mostly I failed, catching myself exclaiming sorry! I apologized to the person I contacted for this piece when I called three minutes later than I was supposed to; then I apologized for only being able to meet him on the day I suggested, not the other; I even apologized in advance for any offence I might cause to him during the conversation. While apologizing too much in daily life may not have serious consequences, doing so in business, especially when you’ve actually done something wrong, is just asking for trouble—you’re giving away your power, says Jeffrey Pfeffer, a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford Graduate School of Business. People are never satisfied with an apology, he adds. Exhibiting vulnerability(脆弱) only makes you look weak. Standing your ground comes with risks. You might not be liked. But he thinks it’s worth it. “You can either give in to what people want you to be, or you can decide that you are going to risk offending people. Life is about trade-offs (权衡),” he says. 32. What did Louise Julig realize at last? A. She couldn’t help but delay replying to others’ notes. B. She had a misunderstanding of the meaning of “sorry”. C. She didn’t have to say “sorry” under many circumstances. D. She often got people into trouble by delaying answering emails. 33. What does the author find difficult? A. Apologizing by making a phone call. B. Reducing the frequency of apologies. C. Stopping someone from apologizing. D. Finding out why people often apologize. 34. What does Jeffrey Pfeffer advise businessmen to do? A. To take others’ apologies seriously. B. To avoid offending people on purpose. C. To maintain power by avoiding apologizing. D. To make sincere apologies whenever necessary. 35. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Why we can gain benefits by apologizing. B. Why apologies are unnecessary in society. C. Why apologizing too much is not favored. D. Why apologizing can offend people sometimes. 42 安徽省合肥市2024届高三第一次教学质量检测（一模） C High in the Swiss Alps and the Arctic, scientists have discovered microbes(微生物)that can digest plastics ---importantly, without the need to apply extra heat. Their findings, published in the journal Frontiers in Microbiology, could one day improve plastic recycling. It's no secret that plastic pollution is still a big, global issue. Since its production exploded during and after World War II, humans have created more than 9.1 billion tons of plastic——and researchers estimate that less than one tenth of the resulting waste has been recycled. To make matters worse, the most common recycling option——when plastic is washed, processed and turned into new products——doesn't actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are often of lower quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same. So, researchers are looking for solutions to the plastics problem that go beyond conventional recycling ---and one process they've experimented with is breaking down plastics using microbes. But the known plastic-digesting microbes can only do so at warm temperatures above 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When done at an industrial scale, the amount of energy needed to generate that much heat makes the process give off more carbon ---and cost more money. But the microbes found in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can function at cooler temperatures: They were able to break down biodegradable(可生物降解的)plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, co-author Joel Rüthi and his colleagues discovered that of the total 34 types of microbes examined,19 were successfully able to break down a form of plastic called polyester-polyurethane ,and 17 could break down two types of biodegradable plastic mixtures. Unfortunately, the plastics that the microbes partially degraded represent a "really small amount of plastics in circulation," said Gavin Lear, an environmental microbiologist, who was not involved in the study. Lear acknowledged that using natural microbes can provide a head start when it comes to designing a strategy for bio-recycling. If we move away from the conventional non-biodegradable materials, "and we start to use more of these biodegradable plastics, then it's good that we know how to degrade them more quickly so they're less of an environmental problem," he concluded. 28.What do we know about the conventional recycling? A. It does not live up to expectations. B. It contributes to more waste. C. It is not as popular as before. D. It ensures new product quality. 29.Which best describes the method of using the microbes in the previous studies? A. Impractical. B. Pioneering C. Reliable. D. Invaluable. 30.Why is the new study mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To prove the microbes have an obvious taste preference. B. To show the finding opens doors to a more efficient system. C. To clarify how the process of breaking down plastics works. D. To explain why bio-recycling is better than conventional recycling. 31.What do the underlined words "head start" in paragraph 5 mean? A. Reward. B. Criterion. C. Protection. D. Advantage. D A pair of researchers with Leibniz University of Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals. As part of their demonstration at last week's IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain. The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. "Pain is a system that protects us," says Kuchn. "When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt." So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them. They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature. It uses a robot-tissue patch(小片)modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take. For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator. Such robots are likely to raise a host of questions, of course, if they become more common——if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate, are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain? Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin's work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever. 32.What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration? A. They can learn skills like animals. B. They can communicate with people. C. They have the ability to feel pain. D. They respond differently to requests. 33.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The significance of teaching robots to feel pain. B. The principle of robots' avoidance of injuries. C. The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system. D. The value of protecting human workers from injury. 34.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3? A. The robot is smart enough to carry out different tasks. B. The robot can hardly work as well as a human operator. C. The robot can react differently based on degrees of pain. D. The robot is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature. 35.What is the author's attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin's study? A. Dismissive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic 43 东北三省三校2024届第一次联合模拟考试 C In contrast to the brightly coloured species of birds, most of mammals are browns and greys, but with a small number of exceptions, of which the most famous, is the giant panda. We've had some initial assumption about why they had their markings, but we need to confirm the reason for its mysterious pattern. Viewed up close in a zoo, the giant panda is a strikingly notable mix of a white bear with black shoulders and legs, and an extraordinary face with black fur around the eyes and ears. By comparing with other carnivores(食肉动物), we learned that carnivores with white backs are found in snowy environments, and those with dark legs and shoulders are found in shady habitats. This suggested that the fur was an adaptation to be self-protective in different environments. Nowadays, giant pandas are confined to forests in western China, where they live on their own and there are relatively few predators(捕食者). We are to confirm that the sort of self-protection is effective against giant pandas’ former predators from the days when they ranged right across China into Vietnam. By comparing the amount of light reflected from the giant panda's fur with natural objects in the background, it's clear that their black fur patches(斑纹) match dark shades and tree trunks, whereas their white patches match bright leaves and snow. Also, pale brown, or muddy fur matches the color of the ground. This provides a medium color which bridges the gap between the very dark and very light visual elements in the natural habitat. Besides, a second form of self-protection lies in something termed misorderly colors and patters----in which highly visible patches break up its outline by mixing with patches in the background. Giant pandas show this form of defensive outline, especially at longer viewing distances of at least 60meters away. At these distances, the giant panda becomes hardly identifiable as the black fur patches go with the background, dark rocks and tree trunks. Although giant pandas in zoos are highly notable to us, it is because we see them up close and surrounded by artificial backgrounds. But when in the wild and at a distance, our research shows that they are beautifully protective to avoid detection. 28.How are giant pandas different from most mammals? A. They are more brightly colored. B. They are marked with browns and greys. C. They have exceptional colors and patterns. D. Their dark legs match snowy environments. 29. Which can interpret the underlined part “confined to” in paragraph 3? A. Enclosed in. B. Raised in. C. Lost in. D. Trained in. 30. What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A. To explain the reason for pandas living in the wild. B. To confirm the panda's color connection to the habitat. C. To compare the differences of pandas’ body parts in color. D. To conclude the relationship between light and pandas’ colors. 31.What can we infer about giant pandas from the last two paragraphs? A. They look darker in the artificial background. B. Their patterns are determined by their whereabouts. C. The effectiveness of defensive colors is related to distance. D. They are more beautifully-colored in the wild than in the zoo; D When it's time for a wardrobe makeover(形象改造) , who's the best person to give you some advice? You'll probably turn to your friend for some feedback and fashion tips--they know you best and can offer an honest opinion about which colours don't match and which outfit makes you look pretty. However for someone like me, who's not a follower of fashion and has a more practical dress sense, I don't need help----it's just jeans or...jeans! But for people who care about their appearance, they can now get some trustworthy advice with the -aid of technology. Of course, using social media is a good way when you are at a loss about fashion, but this sometimes brings in too much conflicting advice and opinions that are sometimes straight forward! That’s why one woman has developed an app to help women crowdsource advice from stylists in a safe, non-violent communication environment. Sophia Matveeva's Style Counsel app allows users to post a photo and receive “yes” or “no” answers from other users, or more detailed advice from fashion stylists and bloggers very quickly. According to Matthew Wall, BBC Technology of Business editor, this is a growing business, with several new apps such as AskAnna, Mallzee and StyleDotMe all offering young women tips on suitable and fashionable clothes to wear. There's also a website called EyeFitU which finds clothes to fit your figure. Its chief executive, Isabelle Ohnemus, says there are no international standards in clothes sizes but she explains, "We can set up your size profile in a few seconds with 80% accuracy just knowing your gender, height, weight and age”. This information is used to find clothes that suit your actual shape. And the internet giant, Amazon, has also developed a camera that links to a “style check” function that compares photos and gives its opinion of which outfit is better, based on fit, colour, style and current fashion trends. But does technology make fashion advice a bit impersonal? Sophia Matveeva admits that women in particular are social creatures and that “AI will never stop us talking to each other ... girls will always want the approval of the cool girl at school.” But as for me: an app with someone I don't know could be the place to start with some careful-in-speech fashion tips! 32. What is the problem of asking for fashion advice on social media? A. No feedback. B. Dishonest opinions. C. Too many choices. D. Contradictory advice. 33. Who are the possible target users of the fashion apps? A. Cool boys at school. B. Young women fashion-goers. C. Fashion stylists and bloggers. D. People with a practical dress sense. 34.How does the website EyeFitU help users find suitable clothes? A. By developing a super camera. B. By assessing current fashion trends. C. By analysing users’ basic information. D. By setting agreed standards for clothes sizes. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Fashion Anxiety B. New Fashion Trends C. Wardrobe Decoration D. Tech-driven Fashion Advice 44 广东省深圳市2024年高三第一次调研考试（一模） C “Why does grandpa have ear hair?” Just a few years ago my child was so curious to know “why” and “how” that we had to cut off her questions five minutes before bedtime. Now a soon-to-be fourth grader, she says that she dislikes school because “it's not fun to learn.” I am shocked. As a scientist and parent, I have done everything I can to promote a love of learning in my children. Where did I go wrong? My child's experience is not unique. Developmental psychologist Susan Engel notes that curiosity----defined as “spontaneous(自发的) investigation and eagerness for new information” ----drops dramatically in children by the fourth grade. In Wonder: Childhood and the Lifelong Love of Science, Yale psychologist Frank C. Keil details the development of wonder ——a spontaneous passion to explore, discover, and understand. He takes us on a journey from its early development, when wonder drives common sense and scientific reasoning, through the drop-off in wonder that often occurs, to the trap of life in a society that devalues wonder. As Keil notes, children are particularly rich in wonder while they are rapidly developing causal mechanisms(因果机制) in the preschool and early elementary school years. They are sensitive to the others' knowledge and goals, and they expertly use their desire for questioning. Children's questions, particularly those about “why” and “how,” support the development of causal mechanisms which can be used to help their day-to-day reasoning. Unfortunately, as Keil notes, “adults greatly underestimate young children's causal mechanisms.” In the book, Wonder, Keil shows that we can support children's ongoing wonder by playing games with them as partners, encouraging question-asking, and focusing on their abilities to reason and conclude. A decline in wonder is not unavoidable. Keil reminds us that we can accept wonder as a desirable positive quality that exists in everyone. I value wonder deeply, and Wonder has given me hope by proposing a future for my children that will remain wonder-full. 28. What is a common problem among fourth graders? A. They upset their parents too often. B. They ask too many strange questions. C. Their love for fun disappears quickly. D. Their desire to learn declines sharply. 29. What can be inferred about children's causal mechanisms in paragraph 4? A. They control children's sensitivity. B. They slightly change in early childhood. C. They hardly support children's reasoning. D. They develop through children's questioning. 30. How can parents support children's ongoing wonder according to Keil? A. By monitoring their games. B. By welcoming inquiring minds. C. By estimating their abilities. D. By providing reasonable conclusions. 31. What is the text? A. A book review. B. A news report. C. A research paper. D. A children 's story. D Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest—an area about the size of Iceland because of cutting down trees. At that rate, some scientists predict the world's forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years. To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have pioneered a technique to generate wood-like plant materials in a lab. This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden product without cutting down trees. In the lab, the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant. These cells are cultured in liquid medium for two days, then moved to another medium which contains nutrients and two different hormones (激素). By adjusting the hormone levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells. Next, the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material, and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three months. Finally, the researchers dehydrate(使脱水) the material, and then evaluate its qualities. They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded, open cells of lower density(密度), while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures. Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid, helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics. What's more, it's to be noted that the research process is about 100 times faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity! Research of this kind is ground-breaking. “This work demonstrates the great power of a technology,” says lead researcher, Jeffrey Berenstain. “The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it. This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes, sizes, rigidity, and forms. It enables us to ‘grow’ any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can't achieve.” 32. Why do researchers at MIT conduct the research? A. To grow more trees. B. To protect plant diversity. C. To reduce tree losses. D. To predict forest disappearance. 33. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research? A. Its theoretical basis. B. Its key procedures. C. Its scientific evidence. D. Its usual difficulties. 34. What does the finding suggest about the plant materials? A. The hormone levels affect their rigidity. B. They are better than naturally grown plants. C. Their cells’ shapes mainly rely on their density. D. Their growth speed determines their characteristics. 35. Why is the research ground-breaking according to Berenstain? A. It uses new biological materials in lab experiments. B. It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products. C. It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry. D. It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth. 45 湖北省武汉市2024届高中毕业生二月调研考试（二调） C The greatest irony (讽刺) of the world-wide celebrations held in 2012 to honour the 200th anniversary (周年纪念) of the first edition of the Grimms’ Hausmärchen involves the discovery that most people really don’t know the original Grims’ tales published in 1812. If we return to take a closer look at the first edition, we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from the oral tradition and preserve them for future generations. When the Grimms Jacob and Wilhelm began collecting all kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century, what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were to be located in the past, while modern literature, even though it might be remarkably rich, was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together. Broadly speaking, the Grimms sought to collect and preserve ancient things consisting of tales, songs and documents. They intended to demonstrate how natural language, originating from the needs and customs of the common people, created genuine bonds and helped form civilized communities. Turning to the first edition a reader might notice that, totally unlike the final edition of 1857, the first edition collects more genuine folk tales, keeping spoken and raw contents, despite the fact that the language is not as pleasing as that in later revised versions. For instance, Snow White’s mother, not her stepmother, wants to kill the beautiful girl out of envy. The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know, engaging people to learn from symbols how to engage their realities, even though magic, incredible transformation and cruelty are involved. Lastly, the Grimms’ little-known first edition reveals forgotten voices that are actually deep within us. Therefore, the irresistibility of the Grimms’ tales are that really not theirs, but ours. 28. According to the author, why should we rediscover the Grimms’ first edition? A. To explore its origin. B. To appreciate is significance. C. To honour its 200th anniversary. D. To remember the Brothers Grimm. 29. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about? A. The quality of the folk culture. B. The contents of the first edition. C. The feature of the old German literature. D. The motivation of the Grimms collecting tales. 30. What can we learn about Snow White in the first edition? A. It is loosely based on the folk tale. B. It instructs readers to integrate into life. C. It is appealing for its beautiful language. D. It exposes envy and cruelty of the stepmother. 31. What can we infer about the Brothers Grimm from the text? A. They were collectors of antiques. B. They kept their style in later editions. C. They thought highly of modern literature. D. They were pioneers in preserving folk culture. D If you live on this planet, there’s a decent chance you’ve seen the classic Star Trek Episode, in which captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears to be another universe. These days, it seems the idea of the multiverse----many worlds----is having its Hollywood moment. Its appeal as a storytelling device is obvious----characters explore a multi-world with varying degrees of similarity to our own, as well as different versions of themselves. Hence, it has been fully established in mainstream pop culture. While Hollywood can’t seem to get enough of the multiverse, it remains deeply controversial (有争议的) among scientists. Advocates on the two sides show no mercy toward each other in their books, on their blogs. But physicists didn’t pull the idea out of thin air----rather, several distinct lines of reasoning seem to point to the multiverse’s existence. However, critics warn that making the multiverse legal could make it harder for the public to distinguish speculative (推测性的) theories from established fact, making it more difficult to keep pseudo-science (伪科学) at bay. Giving credit to such speculation risks “turning fundamental physics into pseudo-science. The multiverse controversy is rooted in the idea of testability. If we can’t interact with these other universes, or detect them in any way, some experts insist that reduces them to mere philosophical speculation. But Carroll, an advocate for “many worlds”, argues that mathematics is the language describing our physical theories; Since Schrdinger’s equation (方程), on which Quantum (量子) mechanics rests, predicts the existence of many worlds, so be it. Could a more expansive view of the universe itself be the next breakthrough? As Siegfried turned out to be right”. Could a more expansive view of the universe itself be the next breakthrough? As Siegfried puts it: “Every time in the past that we've thought，‘We've got it; this is what the whole universe is'----the people who've said,‘Maybe there's more than one of those’have always turned out to be right”. 32. Why is Hollywood so occupied with the multiverse? A. It makes for engaging plots. B. It is a much-talked-about topic. C. It is helpful to popularize science. D. It dominates the mainstream pop culture. 33. What do the underlined words in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Out of date. B. Out of place. C. Out of nowhere. D. Out of question. 34. According to the opponents, the basic standard of fundamental physics is that A. it can be detected somehow B. it can be reasoned logically C. it can be interpreted philosophically D. it can be predicted by mathematics equation 35. What might be the author’s attitude toward the multiverse? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Unclear. D. Approving. 46 福建省七地市2024届高三毕业班1月第一次质量检测 C Imagine being able to use energy from the sun all the time, even when it's night. That's the idea that scientists at Caltech (California Institute of Technology) are exploring. They're working on collecting sunlight in space and sending its energy to Earth. Caltech's scientists have created a special tool for this project. They call it MAPLE. MAPLE and two other devices are part of a project that was sent into space in January, 2023. MAPLE's job is to test the idea of sending energy wirelessly from space to Earth. We're used to using wires to move electrical energy from one place to another. But sending energy without wires is a lot trickier. The method used by Caltech's scientists depends on the way waves act when they meet. Imagine two waves coming together as they travel in the same direction. If the tops of the waves line up, they combine to make a bigger wave. But if the top of one wave lines up with the low point of the other, the waves cancel each other out. The Caltech team has found a way to control the timing of lots of microwaves so that they can combine their power, and focus the energy in one direction. It's a little like using a magnifying(放大的) glass to focus sunlight into a small, hot point of light. To prove that the system could work, MAPLE sent energy to two devices just 30 centimeters away in space. This energy was then turned into electricity, which made two small lights light up. Next, MAPLE sent energy all the way down to a lab at Caltech. The scientists were able to detect the energy, proving that it's possible to send solar energy to Earth from space. Dr. Hajimiri, one of the project's leaders, thinks that one day, the system could be extremely useful, bringing energy to places that need it, all over the world. He believes that in the future, we'll be able to send energy to remote regions and areas destroyed by war or natural disaster. 28. What is the challenge in Caltech's project with MAPLE? A. Solar energy detection. B. Wireless energy delivery. C. Sending devices into space. D. Using wires to move electricity. 29. How does the Caltech team concentrate solar power? A. By changing the way microwaves act. B. By magnifying waves coming together. C. By controlling the timing of microwaves. D. By lining up the waves in opposite directions. 30. What potential benefit could the system bring in the future according to Dr. Hajimiri? A. Warning people of natural disasters. B. Turning solar energy into electricity. C. Providing a solution to energy shortages. D. Sending energy to regions in urgent need. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Use of Solar Energy in Space Exploration B. The Challenges of Generating Energy Without Wires C. The Development of a New Tool for Collecting Electricity D. The Possibility of Sending Energy Wirelessly from Space to Earth D On the streets of Manhattan and Washington, D. C., in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris, ginkgo (银杏) trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air. This leaf drop, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with golden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later, a possible indication of climate change. But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature. Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota, scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic Period. “It almost went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world. It's such a great evolutionary (进化) and cultural story,” says Peter Crane, a ginkgo expert. One theory for the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago, when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators (传粉者) than ginkgos. “It's possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way,” says Crane. Already competing to survive, ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11, 000 years ago, the remaining survivors were found in China. Ginkgo trees are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed through their body and grew.” Crane says. Those same seeds may have helped ginkgo find favor with humans 1, 000 years ago. Once cleaned of their outer layer, ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It's then, when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere, that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it's seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution. Crane isn't worried about its future, though: The popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access, it's a plant that's unlikely to ever go extinct,” he says. 32. What may have caused the further delay of ginkgo's leaf drop? A. The colder weather in winter. B. The protection from city councils. C. The global warming phenomenon. D. The careless interaction with humans. 33. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. The reasons why ginkgos almost died out. B. The advantages of ginkgos over other plants. C. The theories of experts for multiplying ginkgos. D. The competition between various flowering plants. 34. What might have contributed to ginkgos' survival? A. Their eatable seeds. B. Their unpleasant smell. C. The natural evolution. D. The careful planting. 35. How does Crane feel about ginkgos' future? A. Worried. B. Optimistic. C. Uncertain. D. Hopeless. 47 江苏省常州市2024届高三上学期期末学业水平监测 C A proton (质子) is an infinitesimal (无穷小) part of an atom. Now imagine if you can (and of course you can’t) make smaller one of those protons down to a billionth of its normal size into a space so small that it would make a proton look huge. Now pack into that tiny, tiny space some matter. Excellent. You are ready to start a standard Big Bang universe. In fact, you will need to gather up everything there is, every last mote (尘埃) of matter, between here and the edge of creation and press it into a spot so infinitesimally compact (紧密的) that it has no dimensions at all. It is known as a singularity. It is natural but wrong to visualize the singularity as a kind of packed spot hanging in a dark, boundless void (虚空). There is no space, no darkness. The singularity has no “around” around it. We can’t even ask how long it has been there-whether it has just lately exploded into being, like a good idea, or whether it has been there forever, quietly awaiting the right moment. Time doesn’t exist. There is no past for it to emerge from. And so, from nothing, our universe begins with a big “bang”. In a single blinding pulse, a moment of glory “explosion” much too rapid and expansive for any form of words, the singularity assumes(显露出) heavenly dimensions, space beyond conception. Within a second gravity is produced and then the other forces that govern physics. In less than a minute the universe is a million billion miles across and growing fast. There is a lot of heat now, ten billion degrees of it, enough to begin the nuclear reactions that create the lighter elements—principally hydrogen, helium and a little lithium (锂). In three minutes, 98 percent of all the matter there is or will ever be has been produced. We have a universe. It is a place of the most wondrous and gratifying possibility, and beautiful, too. And it was all done in about the time it takes to make a sandwich. 28. What is the characteristic of singularity? A. Empty. B. Mysterious. C. Fixed. D. Predictable. 29. Which of the following happens or comes into existence first? A. Gravity. B. Expansion. C. Nuclear reactions. D. Elements. 30. We can infer from the last paragraph that the author is amazed by _____. A. the existence of the universe B. the environment in which the universe is made C. the speed at which the universe comes into existence D. the beauty of the universe 31. What chapter of a science book is this text most probably taken from? A. Protons in the Universe. B. Why Build a Universe. C. The Size of the Universe. D. How to Build a Universe. D The iPhone has become a usability nightmare (噩梦). A new one comes with 38 preinstalled (提前装好的) apps, of which you can delete 27. Once you’ve downloaded your favorite apps, you’re now sitting at 46 or more. Like many companies, Apple has decided that there’s no need to build an easy-to-use product when it can use artificial intelligence. If you want to find something in their garbage dump of apps and options, you must use Spotlight, Apple’s AI-powered search engine that can find almost everything there. This “innovation” of artificial intelligence is not the creation of something new but simply companies selling you back basic usability after decades of messy design choices. And these tech firms are charging us more to fix their mistakes and slapping an AI label as a solution. Alexa and Siri have become replacements for intentional computing. They give commands into voice interfaces (接口) easily but sacrifice “what we can do” to “what Amazon or Apple allows us to do.” We have been trained to keep apps and files, while tech companies have failed to provide any easy way to organize them. They have decided that disorganized chaos is fine as long as they can provide an automated search product to sift (筛查) through the mess, something more tech, even if tech created the problem in the first place. Artificial intelligence-based user interfaces rob the user of choice and empower tech giants to control their decision-making. When one searches for something in Siri or Alexa, Apple and Amazon control the results. Google already provides vastly different search results based on your location, and has redesigned search itself multiple times to trick users into clicking links that benefit Google in some way. Depressingly, our future is becoming one where we must choose between asking an artificial intelligence for help, or fighting through an ever-increasing amount of poorly designed menus in the hope we might be able to help ourselves. We, as consumers, should demand more from the companies that have turned our digital lives into trillion-dollar enterprises. 32. Why does the author mention Apple’s problem? A. As the main topic. B. As the model. C. As an example. D. As a sharp contrast. 33. What can we know about Alexa and Siri? A. They are both Apple’s search products. B. They help consumers make their own choices. C. They have bettered the user experience greatly. D. They work to the benefits of tech giants behind. 34. What’s the author’s attitude towards the technological giants’ AI-solution? A. Uncertain. B. Disapproving. C. Unclear. D. Unconcerned. 35. The author writes this article to ask readers to _____. A. abandon using artificial intelligence B. abandon using products from tech giants C. recognize the nature of AI-based solution D. recognize the nature of poorly designed apps 48 江苏省南通市等苏北六市2024届高三第一次调研测试（一模） C Saving Us: A Climate Scientist’s Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World is one of the more important books about climate change to have been written. Hayhoe is a gifted public speaker and Sawing Us is a follow-up to her awesome TED talk in 2018, “The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it”. One of the many refreshing aspects of this book is that Hayhoe recounts both her successes and her failures to communicate, through which she has gathered evidence about what works and what does not. Much of the book’s advice is common sense, all backed up not just by Hayhoe ‘s experience but also with convincing research by psychologists and social scientists. Hayhoe advises against trying to engage with a small minority, the “Dismissives”, who “angrily reject the idea that human-caused climate change is a threat; they are most receptive to misinformation and conspiracy theories (阴谋论)”There is a warning that offering up more facts about climate change can actually increase polarisation among them. The book includes amusing examples of her encounters with the “Dismissives”, almost entirely older men—including an engineer who was unconvinced about the evidence but with whom she was able to establish mutual (相互的) respect through a shared passion for kitting (打毛线衣)—and is packed with inspiring accounts of how she has won over even the most suspicious of crowds. Her motto is “bond, connect and inspire”, which represents her approach of always looking for points of commonality. She also tells of a man who approached her after an event in London in 2019. He had been s0 inspired by her TED talk that he had started to speak to everybody he could in his neighborhood of Wandsworth. He showed her details of 12,000 conversations that had taken place as a result, claiming that they had helped to convince the council to declare a climate emergency and to switch investments from fossil fuels to renewable energy. And so, while it may feel difficult to influence the outcome of the COP26, Hayhoe’s uplifting book makes a persuasive case that we can all do our bit to bring about success just by talking about the issue. 28. What does the book mainly focus on? A. Sharing climate communication tips. B. Teaching presentation skills with TED talks. C. Exploring critical thinking through literature. D. Promoting people’s insight into climate change. 29. Which of the following best describes the advice in the book? A. Humorous but one-sided. B. Novel but contradictory. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Well-based and workable. 30. How did Hayhoe win over the “Dismissives”? A. By changing their political identity. B. By challenging their fundamental beliefs. C. By offering more facts about climate change. D. By seeking common ground built on a shared love. 31. What does the author want to say by telling the story in paragraph 5? A. World shift to clean energy is unstoppable. B. We should help people prepare for the climate crisis. C. Policymakers are less responsive to market changes. D. Conversations can influence climate decision making. D Ramirez Castafieda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting il. Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community. With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn’t always possible because of budget or time—-and it means that some of her findings were never published. “It’s not that I’m a bad scientist,” she says. “It’s just because of the language.” Castaneda is not alone. There is plenty of research in non-English-language papers that gets lost in translation, or is never translated. A research looked through more than 400.000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found 1,234 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which, because they weren’t in English, may have been overlooked. These included Japanese-language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston’s fish owl, the largest owl species. Some experts argue that for the sake of the bigger picture, scientific knowledge should converge (转换) into one common language. Science is very globalised and becoming more so, so the use of a global language is enormous for that. Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator- but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence. The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castaneda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon. “So we’re losing observations for science, too,” says Castafeda. For me, it’s not possible to just have everything translated into English. We need multilingual (多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages. It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.” 32. What prevented Castafeda’s discoveries from being more widely known? A. Poor management. B. Opposition from her colleagues. C. Her bad reputation. D. The language barrier. 33. What’s the consequence of the dominant focus on English in scientific research? A. Inefficient wildlife conservation. B. A knowledge gap in the scientific world. C. A growing interest in non- English papers. D. Inadequate job opportunities for translators. 34. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs? A. The urgency to protect rare species. B. The need to adopt one global language. C. The challenges in translating scientific texts. D. The biodiversity on the South American continent. 35. What is presented in the last paragraph of the text? A. A potential solution. B. A theoretical model. C. A popular belief. D. A global trend. 49 山东省济南市2024届高三上学期期末学习质量检测 C In the animal world, speed is king. Fast animals have a leg up in outrunning other animals, which puts them high on the food chain. It would seem that all animals would go for speed, but then there’s the sloth (树懒). While a lion can go from 0 to 60 miles an hour in only five seconds, it takes a sloth all day to cover no more than 50 meters. Sloths live entirely in trees on a diet of leaves. And for this, they are extremely rare. While most of the land world is covered in trees, there are very few vertebrates (脊椎动物) that call the tree home. The aim of a 2016 study, says Jonathan Pauli, a University of Alabama professor of forest and wildlife ecology, was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique. “Among vertebrates, this is the rarest of lifestyles”, says Pauli. “When you picture animals that live off plant leaves, they are almost all big-things like deer. What’s super interesting about sloths is that they can’t be big.” For their research, Pauli and his Wisconsin team studied wild sloths at a field site. When the researchers measured the energy use of sloths, they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day. And for this, they take the cake: it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal (哺乳动物). “The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day,” says Pauli, who adds that a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating-so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets, which means using tiny amounts of energy, dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace. Their reward? A wonderfully widespread ecological system to call their own, one slow inch at a time. 8. Why is a lion mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To admire lions’ speed. B. To state sloths’ weakness. C. To confirm lions’ lead position. D. To highlight sloths’ uniqueness. 9. What is the 2016 study mainly about? A. The lifestyle of sloths. B. The diet of vertebrates. C. The species of rare animals. D. The energy use of creatures. 10. What does the underlined part “take the cake” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Break down. B. Keep on. C. Stand out. D. Grow up. 11. What can be inferred about sloths from Pauli’s words? A. Their slow pace is a balanced choice. B. They are in face of possible extinction. C. Their slow pace decides a tiny appetite. D. They suffer a lot against natural enemies. D From the day we’re born, curiosity becomes a primary driving force that motivates us to explore unknown ideas and territories in search of answers and stimulations. Human beings have an inborn desire to close the “curiosity gap” every day. A recent study found that curiosity can be a highly effective way to lead people to make smarter and healthier lifestyle choices. Evan Polman, assistant professor of marketing at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said, “Our research shows that fueling people’s curiosity can influence their choices by turning them away from inviting desires, like unhealthy foods or taking the elevator, and toward less inviting but healthier options, such as buying more fresh produce or taking the stairs.” To prove the positive potential of the curiosity gap, Polman and his team conducted a series of experiments designed to test how curiosity affected the choices people made positively. In each study, arousing curiosity resulted in noticeable behavior change. For example, in one of the experiments, Polman increased the number of participants who chose to watch a video of academic nature by promising that they would reveal the secret behind a magic trick at the end of the video. The results of the field studies on curiosity were particularly convincing to Polman. In one field study, the researchers created a 10 percent increase in the use of stairs in a university building by posting trivial (琐事) questions near the elevators and posting the answers in the stairwell. In another, they increased the purchase of fresh produce by placing a joke on the posters describing the fruit or vegetable. Polman was surprised by the degree that taking advantage of the curiosity gap could motivate people to automatically make healthier lifestyle choices. He concluded, “Our results suggest that using interventions based on curiosity gaps has the potential to increase participation in desired behaviors for which people often lack motivation. It also provides new evidence that curiosity-based interventions come at an incredibly small cost and could help push people toward a variety of positive actions.” 12. What did a recent study find about curiosity? A. It fuels people’s desires. B. It lowers people’s buying. C. It benefits people’s health. D. It determines people’s lives. 13. What are those experiments by Polman’s team aimed at? A. Supporting a finding. B. Raising a research topic. C. Arousing scientists’ interest. D. Displaying negative evidence. 14. What is Polman’s attitude to the results of field studies? A. Doubtful. B. Unclear. C. Approving. D. Dismissive. 15. What is a suitable title for the text? A. How to stay curious B. The magic of curiosity C. How to make health choices D. The two sides of curiosity gap 50 江苏省苏州市2024届高三第一学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷 C Eating insects is one of those ideas that never quite seem to catch on. The United Nations spread the idea a decade ago, but, in the West at least, insects remain mostly absent from supermarket shelves. Faced with an unsatisfied public, scientists have been exploring other options. One is to feed the insects instead to farm animals, which are not so picky. Of course, the insects need to eat, too. To date, they have mostly reared (饲养) on leftover chicken feed. But the supply of that is limited, and if insect-reared meat is to take off, new sources will be needed. Niels Eriksen, a biochemist at Aalborg University, suggests feeding them on the waste products of the beer industry. The world knocks back around 185bn litres of beer every year. Each litre produces between three and ten litres of wastewater full of thrown-away grains. The mix is rich in protein but lacking in carbohydrates (碳水化合物), especially compared with chicken feed. Most insects grown for feed depend, in the wild, on the carbohydrates found in bad fruit. Whether insects would actually consider beer waste a square meal was, therefore, unclear. The researchers used the baby insects of the black soldier fly. The young insects were divided into three groups, which were offered beer waste, chicken feed or a mixture of both. The researchers monitored both their weight gain and the amount of CO₂ they produced. They found the baby insects happily consumed both beer waste and chicken feed, and grew equally well on either food source. Dr Eriksen found few differences in how nutritious the insects would be to farm animals. The experiment may have implications beyond the beer business, too. Bone meal from farms, and waste from other food industries are all likewise plentiful and protein-rich. All now look to be reasonable targets for nutrient recycling by insects. Whether consumers will be willing to eat insect-reared beef, though, remains to be seen. 28. What is the purpose of Niels Eriksen’s research? A. To find alternatives to chicken feed. B. To recycle the wastewater in beer industry. C. To change public’s attitude toward insects. D. To reduce the consumption of waste products. 29. What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A. The future application of the research. B. The importance of protein in the cycle. C. The extended influence of the research. D. The contribution of the beer industry. 30. What is the possible food chain described in the article? A. chickens-insects-cows-humans B. humans-beer waste-insects-cows C. beer waste-insects-cows-humans D. cows-chickens-insects-beer waste 31. What can be a suitable title of the article? A. Waste recycling will be taking off soon B. Eating insects is the new option for people C. Insects could help turn beer waste into beef D. Insects could gain popularity in supermarket D AI could make it less necessary to learn foreign languages. That is good news for travelers, bad news for soulful connection. Travel has long been a motivator for study—unless people start to feel AI tools offer a good-enough service. Some are concerned that apps are turning language acquisition into a dwindling pursuit. Douglas Hofstadter, a writer, has argued that something important will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a hesitant, difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of achievement at the end. Who would show off taking a plane to the top of Mount Everest? Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of sustained contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do most people learn languages for the purpose of humanizing themselves or training their brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and pizza. As AI translation becomes a more popular labour-saving tool, people will divide into two groups. There will be those who want to challenge their minds, put themselves in other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This lot will still take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new language with a mix of admiration and confusion, as they might with extreme endurance (忍耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.” But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is a bit like analyzing the benefits of close relationships to heart health but overlooking the inner value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken Japanese or make a joke in hesitant German, you are making direct contact with someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put subtle (微妙的) shading on an argument, that connection is still deeper. 32. What does the word “dwindling” mean in paragraph 2? A. Growing. B. Lasting. C. Declining. D. Challenging. 33. What is the underlined part “taking a helicopter to the top of Mount Everest” compared to? A. Using AI tools to do the translation. B. Doing the work that gives you satisfaction. C. Making effort to learn a new language. D. Studying a language aided by technology. 34. Which of the following will the “Others” in paragraph 4 agree with? A. People should stretch their minds in life. B. AI translation tools offer a good service. C. Extreme endurance sports are worth trying. D. Language learning builds deep connection. 35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Language learning benefits learners alone. B. Language learning is of value to human health. C. We should reflect on language learning methods. D. We should adopt a new angle on language learning. 51 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试2024年1月适应性测试（九省联考） C In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument -and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives -and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal(言语的)fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions -like, say, tennis tournament. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述)an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness Raise objections(异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. These tools can help you win every argument -not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments-from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other -then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. 28.What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of argument? A. Critical. B. Supportive C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain. 29.Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win. C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves. 30.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat. 31.What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author? A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence. C. Proper manners D. Understanding from both sides. D For lots of kids, toddlerhood(幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格).Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心)toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words -not fists -to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 32.What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior? A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games. 33.What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules. 34.What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts. C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid 52 福建省泉州市2024届高中毕业班质量检测（二） C When delivering medications to patients, one of the most effective methods is direct injection (注射) into the bloodstream using a needle. But this can be an uncomfortable experience, especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles. While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules(分子) are not absorbed effectively this way. Now, inspired by octopus suckers(章鱼吸盘), researchers from China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks to the inside of the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine. To test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They loaded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks of three beagles, a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to humans. For comparison, they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill. After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules. 40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay on while talking and moving their mouths. After 30 minutes, only five of the 40 patches had fallen off, which was because of improper placement. Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications. Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. They'd also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can't be too large to fit in the cup. 28. Why do the researchers develop the patch? A. To help patients overcome the fear of needles. B. To enable kids to swallow tablets smoothly. C. To offer a better way of drug delivery. D. To guarantee the efficiency of oral pills. 29. What does the research on dogs prove? A. It is technologically possible to 3D print the patches. B. The cheek lining of dogs is similar to that of humans. C. Patches fall easily with their mouth movement. D. Drugs are absorbed better through patches than pills. 30. Which of the following can best describe the device? A. Innovative and profitable. B. Effective and user-friendly. C. Affordable and accessible. D. Flexible and long-lasting. 31. What does the last paragraph stress? A. The related issues to be solved. B. The risk of using patches repeatedly. C. The way to identity large molecules. D. The trouble of improving the technology. D You see a shopper trip over in a busy street. Someone else can help. That's what you tell yourself. This is the bystander effect in action - the dilution(淡化) of responsibility in the presence of others - and it has been demonstrated in many past studies. But life is complicated and psychologists have seen exceptional circumstances. Two experiments were conducted by Marco van Bommel and his team using an online chat room for people with extreme emotional problems. Eighty-six students were logged into the forum (论坛) and shown five messages from troubled users. They were told to write a reply if they wanted, but it was entirely up to them. Basically, participants could see their names on the screen alongside others' names. A counter also told them if the forum was quiet, with just one other person logged in, or busy, with 30 others online. This arrangement reproduced the classic Bystander Effect-participants were less likely to post replies with more people logged in. However, when the researchers cued (提示) self-awareness by highlighting participants' names in red on the screen, they posted more replies on a busy forum. A second study was built on these findings, but this time self-awareness was raised by the presence, or not, of a computer web-camera. Over 100 participants took part. Although told the camera wouldn't be used until later, those with cameras were asked to check the camera's indica-tor-light during the study. The Bystander Effect was reproduced when web-cameras were absent -on busy forums participants posted fewer replies to needy users. By contrast, those cued to be self-aware by the web-cam actually wrote more replies. Nearly any online community can benefit from the research. The ability to turn hesitant by-standers into eager helpers is a recipe for engagement and collective benefit. As in the research, simple design cues could be integrated to help online users remember they are visible to the community. For example, the size of profile images and specific on-site reminders can be used to highlight how users see themselves within the community. 32. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. The hidden danger of a busy street. B. The bystander effect in action. C. The dilution of responsibility. D. The presence of other people. 33. In the first study, the participants posted more replies to the troubled when A. there $$