Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【志鸿优化训练】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第一册课前预习10分钟（人教版2019）

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Listening and Speaking &Reading and Thinking 第1课时 1,词汇学习显身手 be shocked to do sth./that,.,对做某事…感到震惊 L.ruin.&,.破坏：毁坏 (3)shocking adj.令人吃惊的 ruin one's hope health/plan毁掉‘破坏某人的希望/健 It is shocking that..,令人吃惊的是 康计划 The news of his sudden death is so that everyone Heavy smoking (ruin)your health,so you is very much at it, should give up smoking. 3.bury ur.埋葬：安葬：掩埋：使沉浸；使专心 2.shock n.震惊，令人震惊的事，体克d.(使)震惊 (I)be buried under/in,,,被埋在 (1)in shock度惊：吃惊：休克 to one's shock令某人吃惊的是 bury one's face./head in one's hands双手掩而'捂头 (2)shocked adj.感到震惊的 bury oneself in埋头于/专心于… be shocked at/by对…感到震惊 Since she left,he (bury)himself in his work. ·39· 4.suffer v.遭受：蒙受i.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 trap sb.into(doing)sth.诱使某人（做）某事 (1)suffer losses/pains遭受损失/痛苦 When travelling,they (trap)in the moun- (2)suffer from.,患…病：因…而受苦 tain,waiting to be rescued. suffer from cold and hunger忍饥挨冻 7.breathe vi.&t.呼吸 (3)suffering n,[U门苦难，痛苦[C]痛苦，苦雄的经历 (1)breathe in out吸气/呼气 (2)breath n,呼气：呼吸take a deep breath深呼吸 The survivor never talked about his (suffer) (3)breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 in the disaster. I like to live in the countryside where the air is good 5.come to an end结束；终结 (breathe). (1)at the end of在…末端 Ⅱ，核心句型巧应用 (2)by the end of到…末为止（用于完成时） 【课文原句】Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to (3)in the end最后：终于 eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都因 (4)put an end to... 结束… 为太紧张而吃不下东西，狗也拒绝进人建筑物内。 The war was so everyone became more 【句式感悟】“too+udj./adu.十(for sb.)to do sth.”表示 positive about life. 否定意义，意为“（对某人来说）太…而不能做某事” 6.1rap以.使陷入困境：使陷入圈套H.险境，陷阴 【句式应用】政治太重要了，不能由政治家米决定. be trapped in被闲在…中；被陷在…中 ·40 第2课时 【,匹配段落大意 C.tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again 1.Para 1 A.Rescue work after the earthquake. D.fish jumped out of bowls and ponds 2.Para 2 B.Signs of a coming earthquake. 3.What does“them”in the sentence“No wind,however,. 3.Para 3 C.The result caused by the earthquake. could blow them away."(in Paragraph 3)refer to? 4.Para 4 D.The happening of the earthquake. A.Red autumn leaves. B.Bricks on the ground. 5.Para 5 E.A new Tangshan appears. C.Bodies of dead animals. D.Sand in the wells. Ⅱ.根据文章，选择正确的答案 4.What can we know from the last sentence in Paragraph 3? 1.The title "The night the earth didn't sleep"means A.People felt homeless about the earthquake. A.,the earth was awake all night long B.People felt confident that they could survive the earthquake. B.people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night C.People were sure that the earthquake would be gone soon. C.an earthquake happened that night D.The earthquake happened in the afteroon caused more loss. D.animals on the earth would not sleep that night 5.What can we learn from this passage? 2.All the following unusual things happened in the coun- A.No pain.no gain. tryside before the earthquake except that B.The sooner,the better. A.the water in the village wells rose and fell C.Many hands make light work. B.the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. ·414 Ⅲ.根据文章，完成下列表格 Tangshan earthquake Time At about 1. .on 28 July 1976 Range Nearly 2. of the whole nation felt it. ★A huge crack,3. kilometers long and 4. meters wide,cut across houses. roads.and waterways.*5. of the people who lived there were dead or injured.The num- ber of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 6. Damage ★About7. of the city's factories and buildings.8. of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone. *Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs,and millions of chickens were dead. ★The army sent9. soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Rescue ★More than 10. doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Revival The new city has become a home to more than 11. people. ·42· Discovering Useful Structures &Listening and Talking 定语从句关象代词的用法 在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词，代词或整个主句的从 The boy (whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor. 句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 ,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫 注意：(I)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用 关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充 who/that来代替. 当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两 The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday is John's 种，关系代同有that,which.who,whom,whose等：关系副 brother. 词有when,where,why等. 昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。 1.who指人，在定语从句中作 (2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用 The number of people who were killed in the accident was over 100. whom,不用who. 在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了100， The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作 ,常可省略。 刚才和你说话的男人是我的一个亲臧： ·43· 3.which指物，在定语从句中作 ,作宾语时可 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物 省略。 时，“whose十名词”可用“限定词十名词十of which”或“of The book which cost him 20$was lost yesterday. which十限定词十名词”来代替 花费了他20美元的那本书，昨天丢了。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. The gold medal (which)she won has been given to her (=Please pass me the book the cover of which.of which old school. the cover is green. 她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 请递给我那本绿皮的书 4.that既可以指人，相当于who或whom:也可以指物，相 This is the person whose story surprised everybody. 当于which。在定语从句中作 ,作宾语时 就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。 可省略。 The elassroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students. The woman (that/who.'whom)I read about in the news- 那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。 paper has just won a gold medal. =The classroom is broken can hold 40 我在报纸上读过相关报道的那位女土，刚刚赢得一枚 students. 金牌 The report(that which)Mr Turner handed in was about =The classroom is broken can hold 40 the motor race. students. 特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。 ·44· Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress &Video Time 第1课时 I,重要词汇我会写 2 .死：死亡· n.死亡· 1. 以.&.碰撞：撞击n.撞车：碰撞 ad.死去的- adj.致命的 2. .&,.打扫：清扫 3. 远.影响：（疾病）侵发：打动，震动· 3. .海浪：波浪儿，&.挥手：招手 花.感情：喜爱 影响：结果：后果：效果 .&.侵袭：突击：击打 adj.有效的→ ad红有效地 .罢工：罢课：袭击 ,震惊：休克.（使）震惊· l.&i递送：传达，发表 ad,令人震惊的· adj.感到震惊的 花.总结：概括：概要 5, .电，电能一 adj.用电的：电动 7. n.影响：结果：效果 元.长：长度 的 adj,与电有关的 8. 9. .影响 t,&,递送此，发表（演讲）：接生，生孩子 Ⅱ，派生词汇我会变 m,传送：递送 1. .灾难：灾害· ad).难性的 7 ,总结，概要 。总结，概括 ·45· 8 &.(火山)爆发：（岩浆，烟等）喷出 【句式感悟】过去分词（短语）作定语 m.喷发 【句式应用】这将是这类小说中写得最好的一本。 9 .&心，营救：救援→ .救援者 Ⅲ.重点短语汉译英 2.【课文原句】1 ndian officials said as many as 19o0had 消灭：彻底消除 been killed along the southern coast..印度官员称，印度南 …的数量 部沿海地区多达1,900人遇难。 3. 预计 【句式感悟】①基本用法：as十adj,adu,十as..,和… 提供对…的反馈 一样… 出于感激 ②否定形式：nots.'s0十ad山.a十as表示前者不如后者 ③加名词时：as十ad),十(aan十)n.十as 6 远离 【句式应用】人们普遍认为，教学既是一门科学，也是一门 W,核心句型巧应用 艺术 l.【课文原句】Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and ears were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of9.0.此次强烈地 震的震级高达9.0级，引发的巨浪卷走了渔民，游客，酒 店、住房以及汽车。 ·46 第2课时 【,根据文章，选择正确的答案 C.Because conditions were hard and roads were destroyed. 1.On which day did the tsunami happen? D.Because governments didn't organise rescue teams. A.December 27. B.December 26. 5.What's the main idea of the passage? C.On Monday. D.On Tuesday. A.Something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia. 2.What caused the tsunami? B.The cause of the most powerful tsunami in Asia. A.Hurricane. B.Typhoon. C.The loss of the most powerful tsunami in Asia. C.Flood. D.Earthquake. D.How to rescue ourselves in times of disaster. 3.How many deaths caused by the tsunami in Indonesia Ⅱ，用话题词汇补全下面短文并背诵 were mentioned in this report? A A.About 2.498. While the Earth is a beautiful place to live in.I. B.As many as 1,900. (自然灾害)oceur from time to time.1n2004, C.More than 4.300. there was a tsunami in the Indian Ocean.which was caused D.More than 4,700. by the undersea quake,2. 4.Why was food and supplies hard to deliver? (使得数十万人无家可归).1n2008,an earthquake struck A.Because there were not enough food and supplies. Wenchuan,which is the most destructive one to have ever B.Because rescue teams dared not go. occurred in China,making around 69,000 people 3. ·47 (失去生命).Since natural disasters雅re una Ⅲ.根据文章，完成下列内容 voidable.we should 4. (准备一个急救 the most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years reached 1. 9.0 at hand.Once something like these happens,we must earthquake when:struck around 700 a.m..Sunday 5. (保持冷静).If possible,we must wheresoff the:west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island 6. (打紧急电话)and contact the deathscat least 1,870 people were killed in that area (救援队)immediately. caused by the earthquake rashed into 2. aemes Asia B eathckilling more than 6.500 people in at least 8 countries In the last hundred years,there have been 1. 手Mn文3 fishenrnourises .botels.hoemsuiad can TSUNAMI (频繁的自然灾害)，such as floods,droughts,erth some 1.600 kilomeins west of the quake centme HITS ASIA: the number of deaths stood at 2.498 quakes,and so on.The disasters killed millions of people OVER 6,500 DEAD in Sri Lanka:one million more 4. and 2. (摧毁了无数的房屋).These disasters in India:as many as 1.900 had been killed were related to what humans have done to the earth.We 5. :254 were found dead affected countries in three other countries:54 deaths have cut down too many trees and seriously polluted the in southern Thailand:1,900 people were hurt and many environment,which 3. (置地球于危险之 mire were missing )Therefore.we should raise environmental awareness thousands of people:are still missing the mimber of deathscis expected to grow even higher and 4. (努力保护)the environment..I's more eigm aid is h-ng0时nid details our responsibility to 5. (创建一个更美好 liffieult to deliver 6. beeautse of dangerous conditions and 7. 的未来)for our homeland.. ·48Ⅱ.1.A2.D3.B4.D5.C6.B UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅲ.1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T Listening and Speaking Reading and Thinking Discovering Useful Structures Listening and Talking 【第1课时】 I.3.(1)肯定(2)否定(3)there(4)it I.1.ruins 2.shocking shocked 3.has buried (8)will you (9)shall we will you 4.suffering 5.coming to an end ll.1.can one you 2.won't he 3.will you 4.is it 6.were trapped 7.to breathe 5.isn't it 6.do they 7.doesn't he 8.don't you lI.Politics is too important to be left to the politicians. 9.don't you 10.haven't you 11.doesn't it 【第2课时】 12.aren't they 13.doesn't it 14.isn't he I.1.B2.D3.C4.A5.E 15.was he 16.is he Ⅱ.1.C2.C3.B4.A5.C Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress Video Time Ill.1.3:00 a.m.2.one third 3.eight I,1.代替：而不是2，有作用或影响3.而不是 4.305.Two thirds6.400,000 4.做30个俯卧撑5，停止做：剪下6.与…比较 7.75 percent 8.90 percent 7.对…积极乐规8.几近疯狂 9.150,00010.10,0001L.seven million ll.1.differ in different from Discovering Useful Structures Listening and Talking 2.cuts in cut down 先行词关系词 IlI.Let's stop talking:it's time for class. 1,主语或宾语2.宾语3.主语或宾语4.主语或宾语 W.1.C2.A3.D4.A5.A6.C 5.the door of which of which the door ·64 Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress Video Time Ⅱ，(A)L,natural disasters 2.leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless 【第1课时】 3.lose their lives 4.prepare a first aid kit I.1.crash 2.sweep 3.wave 4.strike 5.deliver 5.stay/keep calm 6,call an emergency number 6.summary 7.effect 8.length 9,affect 7.rescue team ll.1.disaster disastrous 2.die death dead deadly (B)1.frequent natural disasters 3.affect affection effect effective effectively 2.destroyed countless houses 4.shock shocking shocked 3.put the earth in danger 5.electricity electric electrical 6.deliver delivery 4.make an effort great efforts to protect 7.summary summarize 8.erupt eruption 5.build a brighter future 9.rescue rescuer lll.1.a magnitude of 2.coastlines 3.swept away lll.1.sweep away 2.the number of 3.be expected to 4.were affected 5.in Thailand 4.give feedback on 5.out of gratitude 6.food and supplies 7.damaged raods 6.stay away from UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD IV.1.This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. 2.It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art Listening and Speaking Reading and Thinking as it is a science. 【第I课时】 【第2课时】 I.1.native 2.attitude 3.system 4.despite 5.factor I.1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A 6.symbol 7.carve 8.dynasty 9.major 10.means ·65·