Unit 3 Getting Along with Others Extended reading 课文原文语法填空+练习题-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

必修一 unit 3 extended reading重点词汇精讲　 Of Friendship As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal 1._________(improve). However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. Social life is also important to us. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth 2.________ the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant 3.________(travel). As we live in social groups, there are many 4.________(benefit) of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally 5.______ (speak), close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and 6._________ (satisfy) humans. The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes 7.__________ a greater meaning and a trouble shareed becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship. With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness 8.________ full measure. We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness. Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection. The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement 9.__________ may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.We often find 10.______ easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice 11._______ important decisions that we all have to make. Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first. This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems. The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known 12. _______ our “second self”. There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends. Friends may have many different ideas and skills. They can help us achieve 13.________ we want during life and, perhaps, even after death. Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully 14._________ (develop). In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the 15._________(comfortable）, advice and help from our trusted friends. (Adapted from “Of Friendship”, an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scientist and philosopher) 译文 走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。不过，在追求独处时，须小心，我们不能总是逃入自我的世界中。社交生活对我们同样重要。通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。 因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。总体而言，亲密友谊的“硕果”有三：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标。通过友谊，我们可以变成更幸福、更睿智、更满足的人。 友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我们喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。在此，友谊有双重优势——幸福有了更大的意义，而麻烦在分担之后减半。当然，这种开诚布公源于亲密无间的友谊。与真正的朋友，我们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。我们知道，好友既会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些亲密的时光。实际上，人的内心离不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。 友谊的第二个硕果是，通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得更好的理解力和判断力。我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。因此，如果只跟着自己的感觉走，我们的判断可能就是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须要做出的重大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。单是这点，就能让我们更好地厘清思路，并对自身的问题有更透彻的认识。 友谊的第三个硕果是朋友以各种不同的方式可以为我们提供的帮助。有时，朋友甚至被誉为我们的“第二个自己”。生活中有太多事，只有在朋友的帮助下才能成功。朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和技能。他们能帮助我们在生前，甚至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想要之物。 最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。朋友要谨慎选择，友情需用心经营。如此，我们才能在挚友的抚慰、建议和帮助下，更好地走过“ 人生之路”。 练习题 1. 语法填空 1. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house is a ________ (reflect) of his personality. 2. —Which of those T­shirts do you like most? —All of them. They are both nice and ________ (comfort) to wear. 3. To ensure the safety of gas, the government has checked the city's gas supply system ________ (thorough)． 4. The famous scientist has made a new invention, which we think is bound to be ________ (benefit) to mankind. 5. After 20 years in an African country, I returned home and found it changed beyond ________ (recognize)． 6. We are not supposed to escape from difficulties in that they can bring ________ our best qualities. 7. Frequently single­parent children take ________ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served. 8. The whole world is trying to cope with the serious problems resulting ________ the energy crisis. 9. Research indicates that men find ________ easier to give up smoking than women. 10. The manager says he needs an assistant ________ he can depend on to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence. 11.We merrily danced to the ________(joy) music, singing, laughing and wishing each other good luck.  12.It’s amazing that an Australian girl sailed around the world alone in about 200 days.That’s an inspiring story. Her courage is really ________ (admire).  13. So as I considered the question of “What motivates me?” and ________　　 (seek) an answer, it struck me that I simply refused to be defeated.  二．短语填空 on sb’s back about sth; bring out; at a loss; in full measure; in person; count on; end up; guard against; contribute to; smooth out; eat away at; 1. Regular exercise helps___________heart disease. 2. With true friends. we feel free to share our joy and sadness___________. 3. I was_____________ getting a raise when I made the decision to purchase a house. 4. The stress of this situation is killing me, and I am________ what to do next. 5. Working at a job you hate may________your happiness over time. 6. She's ____________those sales figures again…I just haven't had a moment to do them. 7. The crisis had a positive side—it_________ the best qualities of her. 8. If you don't know what you want, you might__________ getting something you don't want. 9. The dry weather_________ the failure of the crops last year. 三．课文语法填空 When we walk the “path of life”，social life is very important.More often than not，friendship can help us 1.________(smooth) out the sometimes rocky road that we 2.________(mean) to travel.In general，close friendship has three main 3.________(benefit)．The first fruit is that it can comfort the heart，because the peace comes from having someone with 4.________ we share our joy，sadness，success and 5.________(fail)．The second one is that it can advise the head because we may have better 6.________(understand) and judgement that are achieved through conversation with well­meaning 7.________wise friends.The third one is that it can help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves because friends may offer help 8.________ many different ways.Finally，if we want to 9.________(well) walk the “path of life” with the support，advice and help from our 10.________(trust) friends，we should choose friends and develop relationships carefully. Although some of us enjoy being alone to reflect on 1._________(us) for improvement, we can’t live without friends because we can benefit a lot 2._________close friendships.  　　First, close friendships may comfort our hearts. With true friends, we are free 3._________(share) our joy and sadness in full measure. We can say friendship has a double advantage—happiness 4._________(take) on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble 5._________(half).  Second, we can achieve a better understanding and 6._________(judge) through conversations with close and wise friends. It is easier for us to recognize others’7._________ (weak) than our own. On the other hand, our friends are 8._________(well) able to offer advice to us when we make important decisions.  Third, friends may help us in many different ways. Because friends may have many different ideas and skills, they can help us achieve 9._________we want in life.  Finally, it should 10._________ (point) out that we should carefully choose friends and develop relationships with them cautiously.  四．阅读理解（周南第一次月考真题） C I can remember being in middle school and high school and always wanting to be able to wear a hat while walking through the hallways or sitting in class. So far, I have always been fond of wearing different types of hats whenever I go out. I think the ban on hats has existed as long as there have been schools, but I feel the reasoning behind the ban is pretty correct, especially with all of the violence that we tend to hear about going on with today’s youth. One of the main reasons why kids are not allowed to wear hats in school any more is the fact that the hats could be hiding a weapon or drugs which would definitely not be a good thing for the other kids or teachers in the building. It seems that this issue has not been going on for very long in the school system, but it is definitely starting to pick up the pace as more and more kids react with violence towards their fellow students. I am all for the ban of wearing hats in today’s schools and feel that the safer each and every child is, the better it will be for everyone in the long run. I think that we should also eventually look into installing metal detectors in all of the schools as well because you really can’t be very safe these days. It hurts to think about children causing such violence as we have all seen on TV over the past few years, but the threat is very real and should be taken seriously. 8. According to the first paragraph, we can know _________. A. school should allow students to wear different types of hats B. students in middle school and high school are very happy C. the ban on hats had appeared before school existed D. students mustn’t wear hats in school 9. Why are kids not allowed to wear hats in school any more? A. Because there are probably dangerous things in them. B. Because teachers are not fond of wearing hats. C. Because hats are likely to have an effect on kids’ studies. D. Because kids are always buying extremely expensive hats. 10. What can you infer according to the passage? A. Kids’ safety in school is more important than anything else. B. Metal detectors should be installed as soon as possible. C. It is a pity that kids always do great harm to their teachers. D. The threat that appears on TV should be taken seriously. 11. The passage mainly tells us _________. A. how kids are protected from danger in school B. why kids are not allowed to wear hats in school C. the ban on hats in middle school and high school D. different opinions on the ban of wearing hats in school D It is 7 a.m. and the alarm is going off. You know you have to be out of bed to catch the school bus. But the desire to stay in the bed is so strong. You believe that your body is fixed in the bed. During adolescence, the body goes through many changes, which includes a change in sleep patterns. According to researchers, this is because of a hormone called melatonin that is secreted by the pineal gland — a tiny structure deep inside the brain. Melatonin is very important. It can control the body’s natural day-night rhythm and cause a person to become sleepy by lowering his or her body’s core temperature. In teens, melatonin is secreted much later in the evening and continues to increase throughout the night. This makes it difficult for teens to fall asleep early as they did in their younger years. Likewise, the effect of melatonin continues until much later in the morning, making it hard for them to wake up early. An American National Sleep Foundation study found that at least one in four teens are tired and fall asleep in school at least once a week. Sleep is food for the brain. During sleep, important body functions and brain activities happen. Staying up late can be harmful and even deadly — especially for those who drive. A slow brain makes it difficult to focus and can hurt grades at school. Since sleep-deprived children tend to eat more carbs, they are more likely to suffer from depression. The American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that middle and high schools should start later — not before 8:30 a.m. This should give teens some more time to sleep in and eat breakfast. As a result, their brains can receive new information in a more efficient manner. In fact, AAP suggests that letting teens sleep in late during school days can lead to overall benefits for teens. However, starting school later means a later end time too. Will that affect afterschool activities? 12. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The students fall asleep early. B. The shifts of the sleeping patterns. C. The pineal gland secretes melatonin. D. The adolescents wake up early. 13. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about melatonin? A. Its formation. B. Its temperature. C. Its role. D. Its potential. 14. What do we know about teenagers’ sleep? A. The length of sleep can influence teenagers’ brain health. B. The early secretion of melatonin makes teenagers sleep late. C. The most of teenagers in America always go to sleep late. D. The late secretion of melatonin makes teenagers pay more attention in class. 15. What will happen if schools accept AAP’s suggestion? A. Students will eat more carbs. B. Students will learn better and faster. C Students will get up earlier than before. D. Students will have more afterschool activities. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修一 unit 3 extended reading重点词汇精讲　 Of Friendship As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal 1._________(improve). However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. Social life is also important to us. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth 2.________ the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant 3.________(travel). As we live in social groups, there are many 4.________(benefit) of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally 5.______ (speak), close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and 6._________ (satisfy) humans. The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure. Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes 7.__________ a greater meaning and a trouble shareed becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship. With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness 8.________ full measure. We know that our friends will both respect our feelings and treasure these moments of closeness. Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection. The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement 9.__________ may be achieved through conversations with well-meaning and wise friends.We often find 10.______ easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be one-sided. On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice 11._______ important decisions that we all have to make. Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first. This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems. The third fruit of friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways. Sometimes a friend is even known 12. _______ our “second self”. There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends. Friends may have many different ideas and skills. They can help us achieve 13.________ we want during life and, perhaps, even after death. Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully 14._________ (develop). In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the 15._________(comfortable）, advice and help from our trusted friends. (Adapted from “Of Friendship”, an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scientist and philosopher) 1. improvement; 2. out; 3. to travel 4. benefits 5.speaking 6. more satisfied 7. on 8. in 9.that . 10 it 11. on; 12.as 13. what 14. developed 15. comfort 译文 走在人生的道路上，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为静思可以实现自我的完善。不过，在追求独处时，须小心，我们不能总是逃入自我的世界中。社交生活对我们同样重要。通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。 因为我们置身于社会群体中，我们可以享受到友谊的诸多益处。总体而言，亲密友谊的“硕果”有三：抚慰心灵，启迪思维，帮我们实现既定目标。通过友谊，我们可以变成更幸福、更睿智、更满足的人。 友谊的第一个硕果来自和友人分享我们喜悲成败所带来的平和心境。在此，友谊有双重优势——幸福有了更大的意义，而麻烦在分担之后减半。当然，这种开诚布公源于亲密无间的友谊。与真正的朋友，我们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。我们知道，好友既会尊重我们的情感，也会珍视这些亲密的时光。实际上，人的内心离不开这些机会来获取慰藉和庇护。 友谊的第二个硕果是，通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈可以获得更好的理解力和判断力。我们经常发现，认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。因此，如果只跟着自己的感觉走，我们的判断可能就是片面的。另一方面，在我们必须要做出的重大决定上，朋友往往能给出更好的建议。此外，想和朋友聊聊自己的问题时，我们首先得把自己的想法付诸语言。单是这点，就能让我们更好地厘清思路，并对自身的问题有更透彻的认识。 友谊的第三个硕果是朋友以各种不同的方式可以为我们提供的帮助。有时，朋友甚至被誉为我们的“第二个自己”。生活中有太多事，只有在朋友的帮助下才能成功。朋友也许拥有诸多不同的想法和技能。他们能帮助我们在生前，甚至是在我们故去之后，获得我们想要之物。 最后，需要指出的是，与众人为伍不等于有朋友相伴。朋友要谨慎选择，友情需用心经营。如此，我们才能在挚友的抚慰、建议和帮助下，更好地走过“ 人生之路”。 练习题 1. 语法填空 1. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house is a ________ (reflect) of his personality. 2. —Which of those T­shirts do you like most? —All of them. They are both nice and ________ (comfort) to wear. 3. To ensure the safety of gas, the government has checked the city's gas supply system ________ (thorough)． 4. The famous scientist has made a new invention, which we think is bound to be ________ (benefit) to mankind. 5. After 20 years in an African country, I returned home and found it changed beyond ________ (recognize)． 6. We are not supposed to escape from difficulties in that they can bring ________ our best qualities. 7. Frequently single­parent children take ________ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served. 8. The whole world is trying to cope with the serious problems resulting ________ the energy crisis. 9. Research indicates that men find ________ easier to give up smoking than women. 10. The manager says he needs an assistant ________ he can depend on to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence. 11.We merrily danced to the ________(joy) music, singing, laughing and wishing each other good luck.  12.It’s amazing that an Australian girl sailed around the world alone in about 200 days.That’s an inspiring story. Her courage is really ________ (admire).  13. So as I considered the question of “What motivates me?” and 　　___　 (seek) an answer, it struck me that I simply refused to be defeated.  1. reflection　2. comfortable　3. thoroughly 4. beneficial　5. recognition　6. out　7. on 8. from　9. it　10. who/whom/that 11.joyful 12. admirable 13. sought 二．短语填空 on sb’s back about sth; bring out; at a loss; in full measure; in person; count on; end up; guard against; contribute to; smooth out; eat away at; 1. Regular exercise helps___________heart disease. 2. With true friends. we feel free to share our joy and sadness___________. 3. I was_____________ getting a raise when I made the decision to purchase a house. 4. The stress of this situation is killing me, and I am________ what to do next. 5. Working at a job you hate may________your happiness over time. 6. She's ____________those sales figures again…I just haven't had a moment to do them. 7. The crisis had a positive side—it_________ the best qualities of her. 8. If you don't know what you want, you might__________ getting something you don't want. 9. The dry weather_________ the failure of the crops last year. guard against in full measure counting on at a loss eat away at on my back about brought out end up contributed to 三．课文语法填空 When we walk the “path of life”，social life is very important.More often than not，friendship can help us 1.(to) smooth(smooth) out the sometimes rocky road that we 2.are meant(mean) to travel.In general，close friendship has three main 3.benefits(benefit)．The first fruit is that it can comfort the heart，because the peace comes from having someone with 4.whom we share our joy，sadness，success and 5.failure(fail)．The second one is that it can advise the head because we may have better 6.understanding(understand) and judgement that are achieved through conversation with well­meaning 7.and wise friends.The third one is that it can help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves because friends may offer help 8.in many different ways.Finally，if we want to 9.better(well) walk the “path of life” with the support，advice and help from our 10.trusted(trust) friends，we should choose friends and develop relationships carefully. Although some of us enjoy being alone to reflect on 1._________(us) for improvement, we can’t live without friends because we can benefit a lot 2._________close friendships.  　　First, close friendships may comfort our hearts. With true friends, we are free 3._________(share) our joy and sadness in full measure. We can say friendship has a double advantage—happiness 4._________(take) on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble 5._________(half).  Second, we can achieve a better understanding and 6._________(judge) through conversations with close and wise friends. It is easier for us to recognize others’7._________ (weak) than our own. On the other hand, our friends are 8._________(well) able to offer advice to us when we make important decisions.  Third, friends may help us in many different ways. Because friends may have many different ideas and skills, they can help us achieve 9._________we want in life.  Finally, it should 10._________ (point) out that we should carefully choose friends and develop relationships with them cautiously.  1.ourselves 2.from　3.to share 4.takes 5.halved 6.judgement　7.weaknesses 8.better 9.what　10.be pointed 四．阅读理解（周南第一次月考真题） C I can remember being in middle school and high school and always wanting to be able to wear a hat while walking through the hallways or sitting in class. So far, I have always been fond of wearing different types of hats whenever I go out. I think the ban on hats has existed as long as there have been schools, but I feel the reasoning behind the ban is pretty correct, especially with all of the violence that we tend to hear about going on with today’s youth. One of the main reasons why kids are not allowed to wear hats in school any more is the fact that the hats could be hiding a weapon or drugs which would definitely not be a good thing for the other kids or teachers in the building. It seems that this issue has not been going on for very long in the school system, but it is definitely starting to pick up the pace as more and more kids react with violence towards their fellow students. I am all for the ban of wearing hats in today’s schools and feel that the safer each and every child is, the better it will be for everyone in the long run. I think that we should also eventually look into installing metal detectors in all of the schools as well because you really can’t be very safe these days. It hurts to think about children causing such violence as we have all seen on TV over the past few years, but the threat is very real and should be taken seriously. 8. According to the first paragraph, we can know _________. A. school should allow students to wear different types of hats B. students in middle school and high school are very happy C. the ban on hats had appeared before school existed D. students mustn’t wear hats in school 9. Why are kids not allowed to wear hats in school any more? A. Because there are probably dangerous things in them. B. Because teachers are not fond of wearing hats. C. Because hats are likely to have an effect on kids’ studies. D. Because kids are always buying extremely expensive hats. 10. What can you infer according to the passage? A. Kids’ safety in school is more important than anything else. B. Metal detectors should be installed as soon as possible. C. It is a pity that kids always do great harm to their teachers. D. The threat that appears on TV should be taken seriously. 11. The passage mainly tells us _________. A. how kids are protected from danger in school B. why kids are not allowed to wear hats in school C. the ban on hats in middle school and high school D. different opinions on the ban of wearing hats in school 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学生在学校不被允许戴帽子的原因。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I think the ban on hats has been around for as long as there have been schools, but I feel the reasoning behind the ban is pretty correct, especially with all of the violence that we lend to hear about going on with today's youth. (我认为帽子的禁令从学校开始就存在了，但我觉得禁令背后的理由是非常正确的，尤其是考虑到我们听到的关于当今年轻人的暴力行为)”可知，学生在学校不可以戴帽子。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the main reasons why kids are not allowed to wear hats in school anymore is the fact that the hats could be hiding a weapon or drugs which would definitely not be a good thing for the other kids or teachers in the building. (孩子们在学校不被允许戴帽子的一个主要原因是帽子可以用来藏武器或者毒品，这对其他孩子或老师不是好事)”可知因为帽子可以用来藏武器、毒品等危险物品，所以学校禁止学生戴帽子。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I am all for the ban of wearing hats in today’s schools and feel that the safer that each and every child is, the better it will be for everyone in the long run. I think that we should also eventually look into installing metal detectors in all of the schools as well because you really can't be very safe these days. (我完全赞成在今天的学校里禁止戴帽子，我认为从长远来看每个孩子越安全越好。我认为我们还应该考虑在学校安装金属探测器，因为目前你真的是很不安全)”可知作者认为学校应该想尽一切办法来保证学生的安全，故推测孩子在学校的安全是最重要的。故选A项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的“but I feel the reasoning behind the ban is pretty correct (但是我认为背后的原因是非常正确的)”和第二段的“One of the main reasons why kids are not allowed to wear hats in school anymore is the fact that the hats could be hiding a weapon or drugs which would definitely not be a good thing for the other kids or teachers in the building. (孩子们在学校不被允许戴帽子的一个主要原因是帽子可以用来藏武器或者毒品，这对其他孩子或老师不是好事)”可知本文主要陈述学生在学校不能戴帽子的原因。故选B项。 D It is 7 a.m. and the alarm is going off. You know you have to be out of bed to catch the school bus. But the desire to stay in the bed is so strong. You believe that your body is fixed in the bed. During adolescence, the body goes through many changes, which includes a change in sleep patterns. According to researchers, this is because of a hormone called melatonin that is secreted by the pineal gland — a tiny structure deep inside the brain. Melatonin is very important. It can control the body’s natural day-night rhythm and cause a person to become sleepy by lowering his or her body’s core temperature. In teens, melatonin is secreted much later in the evening and continues to increase throughout the night. This makes it difficult for teens to fall asleep early as they did in their younger years. Likewise, the effect of melatonin continues until much later in the morning, making it hard for them to wake up early. An American National Sleep Foundation study found that at least one in four teens are tired and fall asleep in school at least once a week. Sleep is food for the brain. During sleep, important body functions and brain activities happen. Staying up late can be harmful and even deadly — especially for those who drive. A slow brain makes it difficult to focus and can hurt grades at school. Since sleep-deprived children tend to eat more carbs, they are more likely to suffer from depression. The American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that middle and high schools should start later — not before 8:30 a.m. This should give teens some more time to sleep in and eat breakfast. As a result, their brains can receive new information in a more efficient manner. In fact, AAP suggests that letting teens sleep in late during school days can lead to overall benefits for teens. However, starting school later means a later end time too. Will that affect afterschool activities? 12. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The students fall asleep early. B. The shifts of the sleeping patterns. C. The pineal gland secretes melatonin. D. The adolescents wake up early. 13. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about melatonin? A. Its formation. B. Its temperature. C. Its role. D. Its potential. 14. What do we know about teenagers’ sleep? A. The length of sleep can influence teenagers’ brain health. B. The early secretion of melatonin makes teenagers sleep late. C. The most of teenagers in America always go to sleep late. D. The late secretion of melatonin makes teenagers pay more attention in class. 15. What will happen if schools accept AAP’s suggestion? A. Students will eat more carbs. B. Students will learn better and faster. C Students will get up earlier than before. D. Students will have more afterschool activities. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了青少年在青春期，身体会经历很多变化，其中包括睡眠模式的变化。在青少年中，褪黑素是在晚上很晚的时候分泌的，并在整个晚上持续增加。这使得青少年很难像年轻时那样早入睡。因此美国儿科协会建议初中和高中应该晚一点上课，这对青少年的大脑更有好处。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“During adolescence, the body goes through many changes, which includes a change in sleep patterns.(在青春期，身体会经历很多变化，其中包括睡眠模式的变化)”以及后文“is because of a hormone called melatonin that is secreted by the pineal gland — a tiny structure deep inside the brain”可知，据研究人员称，睡眠模式的变化是因为松果体分泌的一种名为褪黑激素的激素。松果体是大脑深处的一个微小结构。故this指的是“睡眠模式的变化”。故选B。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“During adolescence, the body goes through many changes, which includes a change in sleep patterns. According to researchers, this is because of a hormone called melatonin that is secreted by the pineal gland — a tiny structure deep inside the brain. Melatonin is very important. It can control the body’s natural day-night rhythm and cause a person to become sleepy by lowering his or her body’s core temperature.(在青春期，身体会经历很多变化，其中包括睡眠模式的变化。据研究人员称，这是因为松果体分泌的一种名为褪黑激素的激素。松果体是大脑深处的一个微小结构。褪黑素非常重要。它可以控制身体的自然昼夜节律，通过降低身体核心温度使人昏昏欲睡)”可知，第二段主要告诉了我们褪黑素的作用。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Sleep is food for the brain. During sleep, important body functions and brain activities happen. Staying up late can be harmful and even deadly — especially for those who drive. A slow brain makes it difficult to focus and can hurt grades at school. Since sleep-deprived children tend to eat more carbs, they are more likely to suffer from depression.(睡眠是大脑的食物。在睡眠期间，重要的身体功能和大脑活动发生。熬夜可能是有害的，甚至是致命的——尤其是对那些开车的人。迟钝的大脑使人难以集中注意力，还会影响学习成绩。因为睡眠不足的孩子往往吃更多的碳水化合物，他们更容易患抑郁症)”可知，睡眠时间长短会影响青少年的大脑健康。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that middle and high schools should start later — not before 8:30 a.m. This should give teens some more time to sleep in and eat breakfast. As a result, their brains can receive new information in a more efficient manner. In fact, AAP suggests that letting teens sleep in late during school days can lead to overall benefits for teens.(美国儿科协会建议初中和高中应该晚一点上课——不要在早上8:30之前。这会让青少年有更多的时间睡懒觉和吃早餐。因此，他们的大脑可以以更有效的方式接收新信息。事实上，美国儿科学会认为，让青少年在上学期间睡懒觉对青少年有整体好处)”可知，如果学校接受AAP的建议，学生将学得更好更快。故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$