2025届高三英语一轮复习语法之虚拟语气讲解讲义

虚拟语气 1. If条件句 真实条件句:在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 1) 主句:一般将来时 从句:一般现在时 2) 主句:祈使句 从句:一般现在时 3) 主句:含情态动词 从句:一般现在时 1. If you ask him, he will help you.如果你让他帮忙,他会帮的。 2. Study hard, if you want to pass the exam.如果想通过考试,要努力学习。 3. I can go with you if you want.如果你想,我可以跟你走。 非真实条件句:不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设; 1)表示与现在事实相反 从句:if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were) 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do 1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我就会邀请他去派对。 2. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果那会我有钱,我就会借给你。 2)表示与过去事实相反 从句:If+主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) 3)表示与将来事实相反 从句:①if+主语+were to do ②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were) 主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能) 2. (Should)+动词原形 宾语从句 一主张insist 二命令order和command 三建议suggest, advise和recommend 四要求request, require, ask和demand 外加一个敦促urge 11个动词引导的宾语从句常视作虚拟语气,从句用(Should)+动词原形 Eg. The teacher recommended that everyone (should) take part in the English party. 老师建议每个人都参加英语晚会 注意:当suggest翻译成暗示、insist翻译成坚持等除以上情况外时,遵循的是宾语从句考点里面的用法。 主语从句 It is +动词过去分词/ 形容词/ 名词 ++that从句,从句的谓语动词用“ should+动词原形”, should 可以省略。 过去分词:desired/suggested/proposed/recommended等 形容词:necessary/important/strange/natural/essential等 名词:a pity/ a shame等 Eg. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人们建议将会议推迟到下周。 表语从句和同位语从句 在 suggestion、proposal、order、idea、request、advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语构成是“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。 Eg. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我们都同意他让我们去大连观光的建议。 3. As if/ if only/ wish 1) 与现在事实相反(主从同时发生),从句谓语用一般过去时(同样,be动词换成were); Eg. He looks as if he were anartist.他看上去好像是名艺术家。 2) 与过去事实相反(从先,主后),从句谓语用had done; Eg. She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time. 她说英语如此流利,好像她在美国待过很长时间。 3)若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现(从后,主先),用would (could)+动词原形。 Eg. He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他如此努力学习英语,好像他要去美国。 4. Would rather+that 从句 1) 对现在或将来的虚拟,从句用过去式 (be用were) Eg. I'd rather they didn'thear of the news.我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。 2) 对过去的虚拟,从句用had+过去分词 Eg. I'd rather I had not told him the bad news.我宁愿没有告诉过他那个坏消息。 5. It is (high) time +that从句 从句用should+动词原形【should不可以省略】 Eg. It is ( high ) time that you went/should go to school.你(们)该去上学了。 6. 目的状语从句 在for fear that,in case,lest,so that,in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / could / may / might / will / would /should + do Eg. He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear the speaker more clearly. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他早早地就出发了以防迟到。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$