专题06 阅读理解说明文&议论文-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（北京专用）

专题06 阅读理解说明文&议论文 北京市中国人民大学附属中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试题 四、阅读理解 C What kind of amusing activities will you participate in during your life? Will you be spending your free time doing safe sports with little danger or will you always be one of the first people to try the next popular extreme activity? Scientists have been interested in finding out why some people seem to prefer dangerous activities. Although there are exceptions (例外) researchers have found that in most cases men are less cautious than women. Men often try to impress women by proving that they are courageous and fearless, and they are more likely to take risks when women are watching them or when they are competing against other men. Research also shows that as people get older, they usually behave more responsibly and avoid taking unnecessary risks. In addition, when people are in stable (稳定的) relationships, they seem to be less attracted to daring (冒险的) activities. Some people seem to be more daring than others, but there are many different types of risks and some people take one type of risk, but not another. Psychologists have identified a number of categories of risk. These include financial risks, risks related to health and safety, amusing risks and social risks. Psychologists discover that some people will take risks in one area, but not in another. Just if a person enjoys bungee (蹦极) jumping, it doesn’t mean he or she will take chances when investing money or that he will tell a joke to a group of strangers. Interestingly, research shows that women take more social risks than men. They are more likely to make career changes as they get older and to express unpopular opinions in business meetings. Yet, at the end of the day, the likelihood of particular people taking a risk depends on their personalities. In general, optimistic people are more likely to take risks because they focus on the possible positive outcomes of their actions. On the other hand, those with opposite personality are much more likely to avoid taking a chance. 32．What can we learn from the 2nd paragraph? A．Women are always changing jobs. B．Women are good at doing business. C．Women are more willing to take risks. D．Women are less risky than men. 33．What mainly determine whether people take risks possibly? A．The potential consequences. B．Their characters. C．Their problems of finance. D．The focuses of their work. 34．What is the text mainly talking about? A．People’s sense of taking risks B．Risks at people’s different ages. C．Different types of people’s risks. D．Risks between men and women. D Technologies used for human purposes are now being used to improve pet’s well-being. And the pet humanization trend of recent years is shown in technology, with a great increase in need for different kinds of wearable tech devices (设备) from pet parents around the world. Today, it is not unusual to see dogs or cats with something tied (系) to their body to monitor (监控) their activity or track their location. “People don’t know the answer to questions about how much exercise or the amount of food their dog needs and that’s where wearable monitoring device comes in,” says CEO and co-founder of PitPat, Andrew Nowell. Between 2022 and 2021, this UK developer of a pet tracking device for dogs, shipped 39% more of its products. At the same time, the UK pet population increased by 10% to more than 9 million and a new type of pet owner appeared, the so called Generation Y. They are the majority of customers that buy a wearable tech device, mainly wanting to know how far their pet has gone and what the dog is doing while they are out. The wearable tech field is mainly made up of small start-up companies. But this may change in the near future. “All the big players are very interested. They will jump into the field in one way or another, “said Asaf Dagan, co-founder of the wearable tech device producer PetPace. Market research companies are predicting that the field will be worth between $2.4 billion and $3.5 billion in the coming years, with a yearly increase ranging between 13.5% and 25% by 2025. Despite the potential (潜力) there are still some challenges that companies will soon have to face. Awareness is one of them. “The function of the GPS tracker is supposed to be known by more pet parents, but there is still work to do to help them know about activity monitors. It is a matter of putting the message across. The value is there and the need is there. It’s about providing a connection and creating awareness,” commented Dagan. 35．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about wearable tech devices? A．They help improve human well-being. B．They require some changes to serve pets well. C．They were invented for human-pet relationships. D．They are becoming increasingly popular with pet owners. 36．Why do pet-owning Generation Y buy wearable tech devices? A．To keep their pets warm. B．To correct their pets’ behavior. C．To monitor their pets’ activity. D．To save their pets from getting disease. 37．What does the underlined words “putting the message across” in the 4 paragraph mean? A．Guiding people to use GPS trackers properly. B．Getting people to know the value of activities monitors. C．Making continuous improvement of activities monitors. D．Increasing the market share (份额) of GPS trackers. 38．What is the main purpose of the writer? A．To prove that wearable tech devices for pets are useful. B．To stress how Generation Y get connected with their pets. C．To explain how people track and monitor their pets’ activities. D．To introduce us to the field of wearable tech devices for pets. 北京市第一○一中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试题 四、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Funny action, Chinese kung fu, and the Monkey King: If you want to re-experience the adventures of Journey to the West《西游记》, then Unruly Heroes《非常英雄》, a 2D action game by Magic Design Studios (MDS) in France, is for you. The game is an example where international talent meets traditional Chinese culture. “Creating a game based on the novel, Journey to the West, has actually been my dream since I started working.” said Lu Yang, CEO and creative director of MDS. “It is a very dramatic tale set in a big, imaginary world. Every character is described vividly.” “Everyone in China knows the story, but in European countries or the US, few people know about Journey to the West. I think such a fascinating story should be introduced to more people,” he said. Released in January, Unruly Heroes has received an 80 percent positive reaction on STEAM. The game features a unique story and cast of characters, where players can change among four characters: Wukong, Sanzang, Kihong and Sandmonk. The creative team combines many Chinese cultural elements with the art design, building an immersive (沉浸式) world of art, animation and a taste of Chinese folk music. “Our goal is to introduce Journey to the West to the world, and be accepted by players from different cultural backgrounds,” Lu said. Set against lush (华丽的) environments and a hand-drawn art style, Unruly Heroes updates the Journey to the West classic tale into an adventure that is more colorful, humorous and attractive to people in modern times. As Lu introduced, the game is quite different compared with the original story. “For example, we reimagined White Bone Spirit as the owner of a beauty salon, so players need to destroy her mask to defeat her.” Lu believes that Chinese culture has strong potential to reach a wider audience, but it needs the efforts of more companies and creative minds. “We can add Chinese cultural elements into products that are easy for people around the world to understand. Video games, film and TV series, and other cultural and entertainment products resonate (共鸣) easily internationally,” he said. “I am not a scholar; I simply want to do what I can to present a story I love to more people far and wide,” Lu added. 31．The writer mentions the example of White Bone Spirit in order to ________. A．show how Unruly Heroes modernizes the story in Journey to the West B．compare the story in Unruly Heroes with that in Journey to the West C．explain why Unruly Heroes changes the story in Journey to the West D．blame Unruly Heroes for changing the story in Journey to the West 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Journey to the West is famous in Europe and the United States. B．Many traditional Chinese stories need changing as they are too old. C．Unruly Heroes avoids Chinese cultural elements to attract more players. D．With more creativity, Chinese culture will be more widely accepted. 33．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Unruly Heroes: A Tale that Continues to Develop B．Unruly Heroes: A Game that Takes Chinese Culture Abroad C．Unruly Heroes: A Story that Makes a Difference D．Unruly Heroes: An Effort that Creates Traditional Culture 四、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition (构成) of plants in order to get them to perform different, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors (传感器) printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to change the functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michale Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a weak light for 3.5 hours. The light, about 1000th of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. “The technology,” Strano said, “could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.” In the future, the team hopes to develop a kind of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves only once but would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would slowly disappear when the day breaks. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity used in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 34．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．A new study of different plants. B．Benefits from green plants. C．A big fall in crime rates. D．Employees from various workplaces. 35．The underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．put up B．give out C．find out D．slow down 36．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A．They might help reduce energy use. B．They will speed up energy production. C．They may transmit electricity to the home. D．They could take the place of power plants. 37．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Can we grow more glowing plants? B．How do we live with glowing plants? C．How are glowing plants made pollution-free? D．Could glowing plants take the place of lamps? 北师大附属实验中学2023-2024学年度第一学期期中试卷 三、阅读理解。（共24分，每小题2分） 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 C Holidays are coming! It often means less time studying and more time to spend on a great book and get lost in another world. But where do you start? Libraries hold so many books that it may be difficult to choose the right one. Here are some tips to help you choose a great read. Challenge Yourself Reading something comfortable might be your “go-to” when it comes to picking a book, but challenging yourself to read something more difficult is a really good way of pushing yourself to improve your reading skills. You might even surprise yourself! Read series books (丛书) These are great for new readers and bookworms alike. If you like the characters in a story, then it can be rewarding to read about them growing up or being involved (参与) indifferent adventures. Some books in a series need to be read in order, but others are stand-alone stories. Check this out before you get started. Ask an expert The very best people to throw your questions at are librarians! They really are incredible book brains. If you tell a librarian what you’ve read before and what you did or didn’t like about it, they will be able to suggest some possible reads for you to try next. Take the leap Taking the leap into a new genre (种类) of book can be nerve-wracking. What if you find out you don’t like detective stories or science fiction? What if stories about bullying (霸凌) will make you sad? You'll never know until you try. Give a new genre a chance and who knows, you may unlock a whole new world of reading to dive into. Read reviews Book reviews can help you decide if a book is for you. There are usually mini-reviews (called “blurbs”) on the back or inside cover of books, but you can also read reviews online. Book trust has a great “What to Read After” tool on its website with book suggestions from authors (作者) , children, librarians, parents and teachers. Finding out what others thought of a book, or what they read next after finishing some of the most popular authors, series and genres, is an interesting way of getting ideas for what to read next yourself. 29. The writer of this passage may agree _________. A. easier books better help improve reading skills B. we must read books in a series in order C. We can only read book reviews online D. a librarian knows a lot about books 30 The underlined word “nerve-wracking” in paragraph 5 probably means _________. A. difficult B. dangerous C. exciting D. peaceful 31. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Read Book Reviews B. Ask Librarians for Help C. Choose Series Books D. Find New Reads for Yourself D Having too many friends doesn’t sound like the kind of thing anyone should really worry about. After all, what can be wrong with having a wider group of people to hang out with? According to the latest survey (调查) , the average number of friends people have on social media (社交媒体) is between 300 and 500. Research suggests that the number is even higher for teenagers. Is it possible to keep meaningful relationships with so many people, especially those you may never meet in person? We are just one click away from making new friends on social media. This makes some people question how honest the friendship is. For example, when I see that a friend has posted photos from his latest holiday on social media, I would usually reply with a comment (评论) like “Wow, looks great!” even though it doesn’t. The unwritten agreement is that the next time I post, that friend will reply similarly, so I’ll feel better about myself. Not long ago, I met someone who loved music as much as I did at a concert. We got along pretty well that evening, although the music was so loud! We even added each other on social media. Now, I see her photos on social media, and I “like” her photos, but I’m pretty certain that we’ll never meet up again in real life. This can be just another example of how life changes these years. We live in a time when we expect things to happen right away, so is it really surprising that the way we form friendships has changed? Perhaps it shows how social media has made friendships less honest, turning them into meaningless “adds” and “likes” Real friendships, on the other hand, take time to build. My most important relationships haven’t grown out of a few unimportant online conversations. It’s taken years of shared experiences to develop strong and lasting relationships. And these for me—and I believe for most other people too—are much more valuable and meaningful. It’s something that cannot be replicated (复制) on social media. No matter how many times you have “liked” a person’s posts, you cannot get the same result. It has been said that technology (技术) is destroying (毁掉) our relationships with other people. I wouldn’t go so far as to say that. However, it seems that it has changed the way that we manage our friendships. But in the end, it’s up to us to decide how real and meaningful those friendships are. 32. What can we learn about making friends on social media? A. People often share their real feelings with online friends. B. Teenagers are more likely to meet online friends in person. C. Communicating online is the first step to making real friends. D. People always expect good comments on their posts from friends. 33. Why does the writer tell the experience of making a friend in Paragraph 4? A. To tell about how important it is to make friends in our real life B. To explain the reason why people make friends on social media C. To show how technology changes the way of making friends D. To suggest that we should form friendships in an easier way. 34. The writer probably agrees that _________. A. it’s necessary to be honest with online friends B. having more online friends makes people feel better C. true friendships need company and honest communication D. social media helps make relationships between people healthier 北京市北大附中 2023-2024学年上学期八年级期中英语试卷 七、阅读理解（共26分，每小题2分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 C Kids are born for science. This idea may surprise you because science seems difficult to learn. Yet it really holds water and science learning is likely to make a great difference in kids’ lives. The basic science is a mixture of thought and experiment called the scientific method. It’s where you start with an idea, create a way to explain your idea, and show what you learned based on facts. Learning to follow this process helps you think logically (逻辑地) and carefully. These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study. To give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins (维生素) to a developing mind. One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning. Learning science is a great way to do so. Children are intrigued by science because much of science is hands-on. It attracts most children. Nothing makes a child sit up and take notice like the “WOW!” of a great science showing. Science opens doors to many subjects at school. Building love for science can be helpful in other areas of study. For example, one cannot love science for very long without becoming good at its language—math! So, science encourages children to study math. An interest in science is an interest in how things were once understood compared to how they are understood now. As a result, studying science lends itself easily to studying history. And after you do an experiment, you need to write a lab report. So, writing becomes an important part of science. Science is the basic thing for much of our life. The science of farming shows how our food is produced; biomedical (生物医学的) science keeps us healthy; even our beds these days are designed according to scientific facts. We almost eat, sleep and breathe with the help of science! When we prepare the future voters (选民), creators and officials, it is important to make sure they are not only comfortable but also good at science. 31. The expression “are intrigued by” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A. are interested in B. are satisfied with C. are good at D. are busy with 32. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. children usually consider science boring B. science is too difficult for children to understand C. learning science can improve children’s thinking skills D. children who are good at writing can learn science well 33. What is the passage mainly about? A. Why kids should learn science. B. How kids can make use of science. C. Why science is important for officials. D. What future voters should learn at school. 七、阅读理解（共26分，每小题2分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 D Like many writers, I’m a top master at procrastination (拖延症). When I should be working on a task, with the clock ticking towards my deadline, I’ll sit there watching meaningless interviews or cat videos on the Internet. According to the traditional thinking—I along with my friend procrastinators, have a time management problem. By this view, I haven’t fully understood how long my task is going to take and I’m not paying enough attention to how much time I’m actually wasting on videos. With better scheduling (时序安排), I will stop procrastinating and get on with my work. Increasingly, however, psychologists (心理学家) are realizing this is wrong. Researchers in the UK have showed that procrastination is a matter with managing our emotions, not our time. The task we’re putting off is making us feel bad—perhaps it’s boring, too difficult or we’re worried about failing—and to make ourselves feel better in the moment, we start doing something else, like watching videos. One research to encourage the emotional view of procrastination was published by researchers at Case Western Reserve University. They first made people feel bad (by asking them to read sad stories) and showed that this increased their repeated habit to procrastinate by playing video games instead of preparing for the test they knew was coming. Following studies by another team also showed feeling down only makes people procrastinate more if they have fun things to divert (分散) their attention. This fresh view on procrastination is beginning to open up exciting new methods to reducing the habit. A method, which is based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (接纳与承诺疗法), seems especially proper. It argues that ordering choices and actions that help you get closer to get things done can keep you away from the unpleasant feelings. So the next time you’re going to procrastinate, make your focus as simple as “What’s the next action?” Focusing on this one-step question takes your mind off your feelings and onto easily achievable action. “Our research and lived experience show very clearly that once we get started, usually we’re able to keep going. Getting started is “everything”. 34. Traditionally, we think procrastinators are those who ________ . A. are usually responsible people B. have difficulty managing time C. enjoy watching videos while writing D. can get work done with better organization 35. What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. Low emotions lead to procrastination. B. Procrastination improves your moods. C. Test-takers can not escape bad emotions. D. Procrastinators prefer games to sad stories. 36. Why does the writer suggest focusing on one simple question? A. Because it shortens the process. B. Because it may reduce unpleasant feelings. C. Because it can fix time management problem. D. Because it encourages the wildest imagination. 37. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To introduce new studies about procrastination. B. To compare different reasons for procrastination. C. To discuss what effect procrastination brings about. D. To explain how good time management matters in life. 2023-2024学年北京市大兴区八年级（上）期中英语试卷 三、阅读理解（二）阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 All over the world, men and women, boys and girls play sports because they’re important for everyone. If you have time to do sports, running may be a good choice for you. People think running is easy and cool now. Many people don’t have enough time to play sports, so they start running in the morning or evening. In the past, running in the street was a little silly, but nowadays lots of people go running in their free time. It’s said that you can keep your head clear for 1 to 10 hours by running. People run to lose weight, keep fit or relax themselves. Running was not popular at school in the past. In some schools, when it rained, the playground became too wet and children couldn’t play football, so they had to run somewhere else. However, running becomes popular now. Good sports clothes, comfortable shoes and your favorite music are helpful for running. Every year in April, the London Marathon (马拉松) comes. People from all over the world run in it. Interestingly, marathon running was a difficult sport, but now even people who are unfit come to join in it. It’s not because marathons become easier, but people become more interested in running. So what are you waiting for? Just run from today. 27. What do people think of running now? A. Silly and tiring. B. Easy and cool. C. Difficult and boring. D. Popular and comfortable. 28. What can we know from the fourth paragraph? A. The London Marathon comes every June. B. Marathon running was a kind of easy sport. C. People become more interested in running. D. People join in marathon running for money. 29. Why does the writer write this passage? A. To tell us how to lose weight. B. To give some advice to the runners. C. To advise more people to run somewhere. D. To give some information about marathon. Many kids help parents to do chores in the house. They may take out the trash, walk the dog or clean the floor. In return, some kids get money or other rewards from their parents, such as 20 minutes to play computer games. But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. One of them is Jane Smith, a parenting educator and family coach (顾问). She believes if kids get rewards, they may think that work isn’t worth (值得) doing unless you get something in return. For example, kids won’t clean the floor if they see it is dirty. But they will do it if their parents reward them for it. “Every house is a team effort (努力),” Jane said. “A home is a living place for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have a responsibility (责任) to keep our home clean.” However, other people have different ideas. They believe that money or other rewards encourage kids to do more chores. It also teaches them real world lessons. They can learn about how we need to work to make money. Now, there are also apps that encourage kids to do chores. The apps give kids points and digital (数字的) gifts that can be used either online or in life. With the Chore Monster, kids get digital points after they do chores. Kids can exchange (交换) their points for real rewards, such as time to play video games or a trip to the shop. “Our goal is to encourage kids to do chores so they can get rewards.” says Joe Black, the founder (创始人) of Chore Monster. “Kids need positive (积极的) power to make them do chores.” Anyway, action is above all with rewards or not. 30. The word “rewards” in Paragraph 1 means ________. A. reasons B. prizes C. shows D. excuses 31. Jane Smith thinks that ________. A. housework isn’t worth doing B. parents should do chores at home C. kids should get something in return D. kids shouldn’t get rewards for doing chores 32. What’s the purpose of the apps mentioned in the passage? A. To encourage kids to do chores. B. To let kids play more video games. C. To give kids digital points and gifts. D. To make kids keep their home clean. 33. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. parents should not give rewards for doing chores B. it is parents’ responsibility to pay for doing chores C. all parents have to encourage their children to use Chore Monster D. the more important thing is that children do something for the family 北京市第十五中学八年级上学期2023~2024学年第一学期 三、阅读理解（共 22 分，每小题 2 分） （二）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C life circle of monarch butterfly In the last 25 years, the population of monarch butterflies has reduced by hundreds of millions, according to (根据) the Wildlife Service Species report. The black and orange butterflies face insecticides (杀虫剂), loss of milkweed—the plant monarchs lay eggs on and the caterpillars’ only food, and habitat (栖息地) loss. City people making a difference The smaller population led Field Museum researchers in Chicago to ask: what makes a successful monarch garden? Hasle, an ecologist (生态学家) at the Field Museum, and Karen Klinger, a geographer, are working to answer that question. Many stops along the monarchs migratory route (迁徙路线) are trying to help out the butterfly, looking for more places where milkweed might grow. “We think, in one way, cities are giving an important place for a lot of insects (昆虫),” Hasle said. Although the project is still very new, there are already some findings. Unlike some other field work derailed by the COVID-19, the monarch project worked well with more people staying home to watch over their gardens. According to the weekly reports participants (参与者) sent, more successful gardens had more milkweed and flowering plants or much larger fields. But Klinger said one participant with only one plant watched eggs change all the way to a chrysalis. “So,” she said, “you just need one plant.” ________ In 2020, during the second season of the study, the number of caterpillars dropped, even though there were more participants. Chicago saw a hot, dry summer in 2020, which may have affected (影响) the health of the milkweed plants. In 2021, the reports out of Mexico noted illegal logging (非法砍伐), as well as trees hit by wind and drought (干旱). But they also said spring and summer weather were hard for milkweed flowers and egg development in the southern U.S., which affected the growth of butterflies. Not giving up Now is the perfect time to start planning to plant some milkweed, Hasle and Klinger said. “The best thing to do is what you can do,” Hasle said. “One milkweed plant in a pot (花盆) on your window board is doing something. Probably it gives you something to look forward to during the boring winter in Chicago.” 32. According to the report, which is NOT the reason for the reduced populations of monarch butterflies? A. The habitat loss. B. The colors of caterpillars. C. The use of insecticides. D. The loss of milkweed. 33. The word “derailed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A. completed B. improved C. stopped D. decided 34. What is the best heading for Paragraph 4 and 5? A. Difficulties we meet B. Illegal logging C. A bright future D. Fighting against drought 35. The writer writes the passage to ________. A. encourage people to keep more monarchs B. warn people the danger of the loss of milkweed C. advise people to grow more flowers in their gardens D. ask people to give a better environment for monarchs 2023北京房山初二（上）期中 三、阅读理解（每题2分，共24 分) C When did you visit a famous place last time? Do you often go shopping with your friends or parents on weekends? You will easily find that women usually wait in a long, slow-moving line for a toilet (卫生间). However, not far away, men quickly go in and out of their own toilets. This is the same for most women around the world for a long time. It’s no secret (秘密) that a trip to the toilet means more time for women than men, and there are many reasons for it. In fact, there are many differences between men and women, so women usually stay longer in toilets than men. According to the World Toilet Organization, although men’s public toilets are almost as big as women’s, women spend an average (平均的) of 89 seconds on the toilet, about 2.3 times longer than 39 seconds spent by men. On Sina Weibo, many people ask for women’s rights (权利) and they say there should be “more toilets for women than for men”. Then more than 260 million people pay attention to the idea. And to our surprise, it gets full support from both men and women. Now comes good news for women in China: as the government recently said that they would do something to help women’s rights. That is, they will build more toilets for women than for men in the next few years. “We really need toilets far more than men do. And we do have reasons. Mothers take their young children to the toilets. And sometimes we need a space to check our clothes and faces in the mirror,” an Internet user said online. It is true that the toilet problem is not a small thing. Caring about the details of women can help the world become better and better, said Red Star News. 23. Women need more toilets than men because________. A. more women go shopping than men B. women spend more time on the toilet C. women don’t like to wait for the toilet D. there are more women than men in China 24. What can we learn from the passage? A. Men also ask for more toilets in places of interest. B. Women’s toilets are usually much bigger than men’s. C. Sina Weibo users can decide almost everything. D. Both men and women support more toilets for women. 25. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A. Women’s Toilet Problem B. Women’s Right to Use Toilets C. Fun Facts about Toilets D. More Space in Toilets D It is said that people have been keeping dogs for more than 2000 years. Different dogs have different good points. Each kind has its own look and talents, and its own role in the people world. Here are three examples of “a dog’s life” in people’s world. Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. They are called therapy (治疗) dogs. They visit children who are ill in hospital and help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be very hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and parents stay strong during long hospital stays, and some even help them get better. Today, some beagles (检疫犬) work in airports for customs (海关). They are part of the programme called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal (非法的) fruits, vegetables, and other foods in bags. The beagles do the job better than people could. Some dogs are working hard, but other dogs are free to spend their days resting and playing. Across the world, many people treat their pet dogs like their children. Many dogs have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want. Some even have their own clothes. Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow, or even going to classes. Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so. Dogs have become helpful to people in many ways. For example, with the trainers’ help, domestic dogs play many important roles in some special places. They help us live a better life. We should take more care of them. 26. What can we know about beagles? A. The beagles are very good at taking care of patients. B. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to check everything. C. The beagles spend their days playing with their owner. D. A beagle can use its powerful nose to find illegal things. 27. What does the underlined word domestic in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Kind. B. Trained. C. Hungry. D. Free. 28. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To ask people to treat dogs as their children. B. To explain why people need beagles in work. C. To show how dogs help people in their lives. D. To tell people about the history of dogs’ work. 2023北京一七一中初二（上）期中 英语 五、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 C Do you ever give up easily in difficult stations? If so, imagine yourself as someone with great abilities, like Batman (蝙蝠侠). It will help you feel strong. You will not give up easily and will probably do better. This is called the Batman Effect (效应). In a study, researchers gave three groups of six-year-old children a difficult task to complete on a computer. In Group One, the children were told to repeat asking themselves, “Am I working hard?” In Group Two, the children were told to ask themselves the same question in the third person-as in “Is Sam working hard?” And in Group Three, the children were told to imagine themselves as Batman and ask themselves “Is Batman working hard?” Researchers found that the children in Group Three did the best. How can you make use of the Batman Effect? Imagine yourself as someone who is the best for the task you are doing. If you’re facing a personal difficulty, imagine yourself as a wise family member. If you’re running a race at school, imagine yourself as a top runner. In this way, you can become a little more like the person you wish to be. 29. Who took part in the study? A. Sam’s family. B. Difficult persons. C. Computer makers. D. Six-year-old children. 30. How can a boy do better in running a race according to the text? A. By joining a group. B. By talking with a family member. C. By answering questions. D. By imagining himself as a top runner. 31. What is the best title (标题) for the text? A. Go and do research! B. Come and complete tasks! C. I can do it! I’m Batman! D. You can help! You’re a helper! D Shyness can be an unhappy feeling. But the good news is, you're not alone. Scientists say that more than 40 percent of teenagers and adults consider themselves shy. Shyness is feeling a little nervous or as if you want to hide when you're around other people or in a new situation. ___ Scientists say such things as genetics（遗传基因）， life experiences， and environment can influence whether a person is shy. For example, in some families, everybody seems to be shy. What happens if you are shy? Well, being shy may cause you to avoid or miss opportunities you would enjoy. How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us. "When I started off trying to get over being shy, I decided to do little steps at a time, including practicing smiling and saying hi to people. And it worked for me. “ But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice. Here are some tips given by scientists. Think of what to talk about before you leave home. Prepare things to talk about before you're in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations. Let people know you're shy. If you're shy, just show it. Instead of letting people guess, tell them the truth. Explain that you are shy and feel nervous but enjoy talking to people. Make things easy for the other person. Remember, you’re not the only shy person around. Do what you think might help others feel good-for example, say hello or smile. Pick one social skill to practice at a time. Start simply. For example, smile or be the first person to say hi. Choose skills you feel comfortable enough with to practice for a day, a week, a month, or even a year. 32. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph2? A. What is shyness? B. What makes people shy? C. Can shyness be good for us? D. Can we overcome shyness? 33. The example of Gilbert in Paragraph 4 is given to _____. A. show how people overcome shyness B. introduce a shy girl called Gilbert C. tell the right time to practice smiling D. explain the steps of overcoming shyness 34. What does the underlined word "overnight" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Correctly. B. Suddenly. C. Slowly. D. Finally. 35. Which of the following is the right way to overcome shyness? A. Don’t let others know that you are shy. B. Wait for others to say hello to you first. C. Choose several skills to practice at a time. D. Get ready before you join in a social situation. 北京十八中教育集团2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷 五、阅读下列三篇短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 Looking at the undone homework on his desk always makes David Grey feel uncomfortable. More often than not, David leaves his homework behind and surfs the Internet or watches TV instead, waiting until the last minute. “But the longer I wait,” says David, aged 15, “the more I worry.” Everyone procrastinates (拖延) because they want to feel good now. The way to do that is to avoid the task. You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even enjoyable tasks such as planning a vacation. “Some people procrastinate cleaning. Some people procrastinate by cleaning,” says Professor Peter Stone. Research has shown that the top tasks young people procrastinate are studying and going to bed. “One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others’ expectations,” Stone adds. Some people believe that procrastination will make them thrive. But researchers disagree. “I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,” says Stone. “They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer. But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. For example, bedtime procrastination can lead to sleeplessness, which in turn can cause many other health problems. For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first. If you’ve been procrastinating on forming a habit of exercise, just put on your walking shoes. A little bit of progress will get you moving. Next, find something to help you remember to take action. If you want to go to bed at 10: 30 pm, you might set a timed dimmer switch (渐暗开关) at 10 pm. When the lights are dimmer, you’ll start going to bed. It works for most people. Finally, reward yourself every time you make progress. For example, after you’ve run 3 km, enjoy your favourite ice cream. But be careful: it won’t work the other way around. 37. What is the main reason for people’s procrastination according to the passage? A. They want to avoid doing hard work. B. They need to finish the top tasks first. C. They plan to do the enjoyable tasks last. D. They are afraid to lose and let others down. 38. The underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. think faster B. give up more easily C. work more successfully D. worry too much 39. What should David do if he wants to stop procrastinating on a writing task? A. Put on some soft music to help think actively. B. Enjoy a favourite ice cream, and then start writing. C. Search the Internet for enough ideas before starting. D. Pick up a pen and write down possible starting sentences. 40. What can be the best title for this passage? A. Meeting a Procrastinator. B. Procrastination: Yes or No? C. Say Goodbye to Procrastination. D. Want to Feel Good Now? Procrastinate! 2023-2024学年北京三十五中八年级（上）期中英语试卷 4、 阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 Imagine this. There’s an apple and a piece of cake on a table. Which one would you like? The delicious cake or the healthy apple? A bestseller, Willpower Rediscovering Our Greater Strength, suggests that willpower (意志力), rather than in the short term. Here is a famous experiment in the book: the marshmallow (棉花糖) test. In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-old to six-year-old. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow on a table in front of them. They were given two choices: they could either eat it or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a second one and then they could eat both. So, what did the kids do? Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow. But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who’d shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular. Willpower is like a muscle (肌肉), and the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. So, such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you’ll improve your overall willpower. And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon. Be careful though. Just like any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. If you’ve had to do lots of things that require willpower, take a break or give yourself a treat. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again. And one last thing, the writer mentions people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations! 28. From the marshmallow test, we can learn that ________. A. the kids felt difficult to make choices B. most of the kids showed weak willpower C. marshmallows could help improve willpower D. the kids could eat one marshmallow every fifteen minutes 29. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. willpower should be kept practicing without any stop B. willpower can be built up by dealing with difficulties C. strong willpower can help people achieve their goals D. strong willpower can help people make right decisions 30. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The finding of the experiment. B. The process of the experiment. C. The purpose of the experiment. D. The background of the experiment. Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discouraged（灰心的）if the whole passage doesn’t make sense（讲得通）to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it. These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: 1. Start to read normally（正常地）until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you. 2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly. 3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary. 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain（解释） more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said. 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words. 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ideas together. The steps sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one. 31. The underlined phrase “run into” means ________ in Chinese. A. 理解 B. 遇到 C. 翻译 D. 跑过 32. From the passage, we can know _________. A. we should look up new words before reading B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English 33. The passage is mainly about ________. A. steps of studying science B. difficulties in reading science C. ways of reading science passages D. researches on science and English Physical activity is important and we often plan to do it. However, we don’t often think about making time to exercise as a family. While we find time for family games or movie nights, we often forget family sports. Family exercise may seem silly, but there are many benefits (益处). Form Lifelong Habits By spending family time on a physical activity together, you encourage (鼓励) your children to exercise and build lifelong habits. When children see physical activities as an enjoyable thing to do together, they may keep family exercise as a family-time tradition as they grow up. ________ Children get more life skills at home than they do anywhere else. Teamwork is taught and encouraged in sports. By exercising together, you’re encouraging teamwork and working together to reach a common goal, which helps teach the importance of goal setting as a team. Bring Encouragement Parents are great encouragers in education and sports. You can give your children encouragement when doing family sports. Studies show that family encouragement influences (影响) children’s mental health in a good way. Good family bonding (联结) with family encouragement builds confidence (自信) in children. It may be all well and good to think about exercising together as a family, but it may be difficult to get started. Here is some advice for you. ● Take turns on who gets to choose the physical activity. Maybe you enjoy traditional exercise while your child wants to dance. On your exercising day, encourage your child to follow along. Then allow your child to choose the next family physical activity. ● Staying safe is always something important to think about for not only children but parents as well. Choose an activity with your child’s abilities in mind. If some of your family members are not good at running, try to slow down or have them ride a bike along. Family exercise can be both fun and a good chance for bonding. Remember to always choose the activity as a family and stay safe. 34. Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 3? A. Build Teamwork B. Improve Health C. Keep Traditions D. Bring Happiness 35. According to the passage, the writer probably agrees that ________. A. it’s always safe to exercise together as a family B. it’s good and easy for families to start exercising C. children should play a part in deciding family exercise D. children will exercise with family more if they are confident 36. The passage is probably written for ________. A. children B. students C. teachers D. parents 37. What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage? A. The ways for families to exercise together and stay safe. B. The choices of family exercise and the reasons to start it. C. The benefits of family exercise and advice on how to start it. D. The importance for children to exercise and get more life skills. 北京师范大学亚太实验学校 2023～2024 学年第一学期期中考试 八年级英语试卷 六、阅读理解。 (共 22 分，每小题 2 分) C Polar Bears Could Die Out by the End of the Century The heating of Earth is pushing the number of polar bears to get smaller and smaller. According to a new study, they could die out in fewer than 100 years. Polar bears are animals which live by eating sea seals in the Arctic Ocean. As more and more sea ice melts (融化), their living places become to shrink. The loss (丧失) of sea ice began to be paid more attention at the end of the 1970s. Since then, sea ice that lasts for more than a year in the Arctic has decreased at a rate of 13% per decade. Studies have long shown that the growing loss of sea ice will lead to a dangerous situation for polar bears, but the new research shown in Nature Climate Change has given us a clear dying out timeline. Polar bears will be unable to live because of the climate (气候) change over the next several decades (十年). The scientists believe they will completely die out by 2100. “What we’ve found out is that, first, it will be very difficult for cubs (幼崽) to be born and live. Even if cubs are born, the mother polar bears won’t have enough body fat (脂肪) to produce milk to bring them along through the ice-free season.” said Dr. Steven Amstrup, a scientist of Polar Bears International, to the BBC. “Any of us knows that we can’t go without food for a long time. That’s a natural need for all humans and animals.” The research also shows that, even in a situation where many countries have done a lot of work to save polar bears, several populations (族群) of polar bears will die out. But Amstrup strongly believes that the animals can still do whatever they can do to live if the climate change does not go on getting worse. “We must show how dangerous the situation is, because we have to do something now to stop the worst of future problems.” He said. “The way we’re on now is not good enough, but if society can do something together, we will have time to save polar bears. And if we do, we will do great good to other lives on Earth, and to ourselves too.” 37. The word “shrink” in Paragraph 2 probably means “__________”. A. get bigger B. get lighter C. get smaller D. get heavier 38. According to the passage, polar bears will probably die out because _________. A. sea seals in the Arctic Ocean don’t have enough body fat B. sea ice becomes less because of the climate change C. the new research has given a dying out timeline D. fewer animal scientists pay attention to them 39. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why cubs are hard to be born and live in ice-free season. B. Why humans and animals can’t live through without food. C. Why mother polar bears can’t produce enough milk for cubs. D. Why Dr. Steven Amstrup does the research about polar bears. 40. What is Dr. Steven Amstrup’s opinion (观点) on what many countries have done? A. What they have done works well, so polar bears will not die out. B. What they have done doesn’t do any good, so they need to change. C. What they have done is useful but not enough, so they need to do more. D. What they have done makes things worse, so polar bears will die out soon. 北京166中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷 3、 阅读短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 C Now few businesses can run without computers. Schools even offer lessons for their students to learn to write on computers. But what are we giving up as handwriting loses its importance in society? Researchers from Princeton University studied two groups of students. One group wrote out their notes in class while the other typed （打字） them with a computer. In order to show the differences between the two groups, researchers tested both groups of students 30 minutes after a lesson, and again a week later. The results showed that both groups did well in the first test. But students with the handwritten （手写的） notes were able to better remember and understand the lesson a week later, and were more open to new ideas. According to the lead researcher, “Our findings suggest that even when computers are used as planned, they may still cause harm to your learning.” Part of the reason for this is that notetakers using pen and paper could understand the lesson better and put what they heard in their own words. Those taking notes on a computer typed faster, but they always tried to type every word exactly （精准地） as they heard it, so they didn’t really pay enough attention to the content（内容） of the lesson. That’s the problem. Students chose to take notes with a computer because it could help them take notes faster, but it undermined learning. Computers aren’t going away anytime soon, but that doesn’t mean paper notebooks need to become out-of-date. In fact, it’s best to start using them at an early age. University of Indiana researchers compared brain scans of five-year-olds. Some of them practised writing letters down and some just looked at the letters. Those who wrote out the letters had better and even “adult-like’ brain activity. So next time when you need to take notes, why not choose a pen and paper over a keyboard? It will do wonders for your memory. 27. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A. how difficult the tests were B. what the research showed us C. when the research finished D. why students needed the tests 28. The underlined words “undermined learning” probably mean “________”. A. helped to learn B. made learning fun C. harmed learning D. made learning natural 29. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. handwriting makes people smarter B. it’s better to take notes on computer C. handwriting is going away from class soon D. it’s difficult to use paper notes at an early age 北京166中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷 4、 阅读短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 D Jorge and Maria Ramirez and their six-year-old son are smiling and laughing as they watch the baby giant panda. They are at a zoo as part of a large crowd watching the baby panda learning to walk. Why are people so attracted by the baby giant panda? Cuteness is the answer. Experts say the things we describe as “cute” share several qualities（品质）. What make something cute is different from what makes something beautiful. People often describe pandas as cute, but they don’t usually say they are beautiful. A butterfly, on the other hand, may be beautiful but not cute. While we tend（倾向于）to admire（欣赏） beautiful things, we do not tend to have the fondness for them that cute things inspire （激发） in us. Scientists have discovered some key facial features and behaviors that cute things have in common. Two important features are a round face and bright eyes. The position of the eyes is also important: the eyes should at least appear to face forward and not be high on the face. There are also certain behaviors that cute things have in common, such as walking and moving arms, legs and wings unsteadily. Other important qualities of cuteness include youth, innocence（天真）and neediness, as well as being vulnerable（脆弱的）to possible harm or danger. The baby panda, with its round face, big black eyes and unsteady movements, has all the key features which add up to being cute. Another popular creature that shares many of these cute qualities is the baby emperor penguin. And many of people’s pets can be described as cute. Scientists believe there is an important reason why we are attracted to all these cute qualities. It is because human babies have all these qualities. They have round faces, bright eyes and unsteady movements. Human babies cannot get by without help from adults. Scientists point out that the cuteness of babies makes adults want to take care of them. This allows babies to survive（存活）, become adults and have their own babies. This cycle ensures the human species continues. Advertisers use the special attraction of cute things in their attempts（企图，尝试） to get us to buy their products. In Japan, for example, one of the most popular images is Hello Kitty. Many cartoon animal characters have round faces and large, bright eyes that face forward. In the real world, ducks and mice do not have round faces, and their small eyes are on the side of their heads. The Ramirez family is not aware （意识到的） of all of this. For now, they are too busy taking pictures and admiring the baby panda. 30. Why does the writer talk about the Ramirez family in the first paragraph? A. To give an example of cuteness. B. To bring readers close to the topic. C. To give readers some idea of admiration. D. To develop the main view of the passage. 31. From the passage, we can learn that being cute ________. A. changes people’s facial features B. inspires people to give their help C. inspires people in dangerous situations D. shares the same qualities with being beautiful 32. Which of the following is one most important cute quality? A. Beautiful eyes. B. Friendly to people. C. Newly born. D. Unsteady movement. 33. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Being Cute to Survive B. Cute and Beautiful C. Feature of Cute Animals D. Making Babies Cute 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读理解说明文&议论文 北京市中国人民大学附属中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试题 四、阅读理解 C What kind of amusing activities will you participate in during your life? Will you be spending your free time doing safe sports with little danger or will you always be one of the first people to try the next popular extreme activity? Scientists have been interested in finding out why some people seem to prefer dangerous activities. Although there are exceptions (例外) researchers have found that in most cases men are less cautious than women. Men often try to impress women by proving that they are courageous and fearless, and they are more likely to take risks when women are watching them or when they are competing against other men. Research also shows that as people get older, they usually behave more responsibly and avoid taking unnecessary risks. In addition, when people are in stable (稳定的) relationships, they seem to be less attracted to daring (冒险的) activities. Some people seem to be more daring than others, but there are many different types of risks and some people take one type of risk, but not another. Psychologists have identified a number of categories of risk. These include financial risks, risks related to health and safety, amusing risks and social risks. Psychologists discover that some people will take risks in one area, but not in another. Just if a person enjoys bungee (蹦极) jumping, it doesn’t mean he or she will take chances when investing money or that he will tell a joke to a group of strangers. Interestingly, research shows that women take more social risks than men. They are more likely to make career changes as they get older and to express unpopular opinions in business meetings. Yet, at the end of the day, the likelihood of particular people taking a risk depends on their personalities. In general, optimistic people are more likely to take risks because they focus on the possible positive outcomes of their actions. On the other hand, those with opposite personality are much more likely to avoid taking a chance. 32．What can we learn from the 2nd paragraph? A．Women are always changing jobs. B．Women are good at doing business. C．Women are more willing to take risks. D．Women are less risky than men. 33．What mainly determine whether people take risks possibly? A．The potential consequences. B．Their characters. C．Their problems of finance. D．The focuses of their work. 34．What is the text mainly talking about? A．People’s sense of taking risks B．Risks at people’s different ages. C．Different types of people’s risks. D．Risks between men and women. 【答案】 32．D 33．B 34．A 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于人类冒险意识的研究，表明人们的冒险意识和性别、年龄、领域、个性等有关。 【详解】 32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Men often try to impress women by proving that they are courageous and fearless ...”可推断，男性比女性更有可能冒险，来给别人留下好印象。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据最后一段“... the likelihood of particular people taking a risk depends on their personalities.”可知，冒险的可能性取决于人们的性格。故选B。 34．主旨大意题。本文主要讨论的内容是科学家对人们的冒险意识研究的发现，第二段和第五段是关于性别对冒险意识的影响，第三段介绍了年龄对冒险意识的影响，第四段为领域对冒险意识的影响。故选A。 D Technologies used for human purposes are now being used to improve pet’s well-being. And the pet humanization trend of recent years is shown in technology, with a great increase in need for different kinds of wearable tech devices (设备) from pet parents around the world. Today, it is not unusual to see dogs or cats with something tied (系) to their body to monitor (监控) their activity or track their location. “People don’t know the answer to questions about how much exercise or the amount of food their dog needs and that’s where wearable monitoring device comes in,” says CEO and co-founder of PitPat, Andrew Nowell. Between 2022 and 2021, this UK developer of a pet tracking device for dogs, shipped 39% more of its products. At the same time, the UK pet population increased by 10% to more than 9 million and a new type of pet owner appeared, the so called Generation Y. They are the majority of customers that buy a wearable tech device, mainly wanting to know how far their pet has gone and what the dog is doing while they are out. The wearable tech field is mainly made up of small start-up companies. But this may change in the near future. “All the big players are very interested. They will jump into the field in one way or another, “said Asaf Dagan, co-founder of the wearable tech device producer PetPace. Market research companies are predicting that the field will be worth between $2.4 billion and $3.5 billion in the coming years, with a yearly increase ranging between 13.5% and 25% by 2025. Despite the potential (潜力) there are still some challenges that companies will soon have to face. Awareness is one of them. “The function of the GPS tracker is supposed to be known by more pet parents, but there is still work to do to help them know about activity monitors. It is a matter of putting the message across. The value is there and the need is there. It’s about providing a connection and creating awareness,” commented Dagan. 35．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about wearable tech devices? A．They help improve human well-being. B．They require some changes to serve pets well. C．They were invented for human-pet relationships. D．They are becoming increasingly popular with pet owners. 36．Why do pet-owning Generation Y buy wearable tech devices? A．To keep their pets warm. B．To correct their pets’ behavior. C．To monitor their pets’ activity. D．To save their pets from getting disease. 37．What does the underlined words “putting the message across” in the 4 paragraph mean? A．Guiding people to use GPS trackers properly. B．Getting people to know the value of activities monitors. C．Making continuous improvement of activities monitors. D．Increasing the market share (份额) of GPS trackers. 38．What is the main purpose of the writer? A．To prove that wearable tech devices for pets are useful. B．To stress how Generation Y get connected with their pets. C．To explain how people track and monitor their pets’ activities. D．To introduce us to the field of wearable tech devices for pets. 【答案】 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着对各种可穿戴科技设备的需求大幅增加，宠物的人性化趋势在技术上得到了体现，宠物可穿戴技术设备领域越来越受欢迎。 35．推理判断题。根据“And the pet humanization trend of recent years…from pet parents around the world.”可知，此处是指人们对不同可穿戴设备需求的递增，说明这种设备越来越受欢迎。故选D。 36．细节理解题。根据“They are the majority of customers that buy a wearable tech device…what the dog is doing while they are out.”可知，他们买这种设备是为了监控宠物的活动。故选C。 37．推理判断题。根据“The function of the GPS tracker is supposed to be known by more pet parents, but there is still work to do to help them know about activity monitors”可知，最大的问题是要让人们知道监视器的功能，进而了解它的价值。故选B。 38．主旨大意题。通读全文可知描述了近年来宠物穿戴设备越来越人性化，也越来越受欢迎。可推测本文是在向我们介绍宠物可穿戴技术设备领域。故选D。 北京市第一○一中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试题 四、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Funny action, Chinese kung fu, and the Monkey King: If you want to re-experience the adventures of Journey to the West《西游记》, then Unruly Heroes《非常英雄》, a 2D action game by Magic Design Studios (MDS) in France, is for you. The game is an example where international talent meets traditional Chinese culture. “Creating a game based on the novel, Journey to the West, has actually been my dream since I started working.” said Lu Yang, CEO and creative director of MDS. “It is a very dramatic tale set in a big, imaginary world. Every character is described vividly.” “Everyone in China knows the story, but in European countries or the US, few people know about Journey to the West. I think such a fascinating story should be introduced to more people,” he said. Released in January, Unruly Heroes has received an 80 percent positive reaction on STEAM. The game features a unique story and cast of characters, where players can change among four characters: Wukong, Sanzang, Kihong and Sandmonk. The creative team combines many Chinese cultural elements with the art design, building an immersive (沉浸式) world of art, animation and a taste of Chinese folk music. “Our goal is to introduce Journey to the West to the world, and be accepted by players from different cultural backgrounds,” Lu said. Set against lush (华丽的) environments and a hand-drawn art style, Unruly Heroes updates the Journey to the West classic tale into an adventure that is more colorful, humorous and attractive to people in modern times. As Lu introduced, the game is quite different compared with the original story. “For example, we reimagined White Bone Spirit as the owner of a beauty salon, so players need to destroy her mask to defeat her.” Lu believes that Chinese culture has strong potential to reach a wider audience, but it needs the efforts of more companies and creative minds. “We can add Chinese cultural elements into products that are easy for people around the world to understand. Video games, film and TV series, and other cultural and entertainment products resonate (共鸣) easily internationally,” he said. “I am not a scholar; I simply want to do what I can to present a story I love to more people far and wide,” Lu added. 31．The writer mentions the example of White Bone Spirit in order to ________. A．show how Unruly Heroes modernizes the story in Journey to the West B．compare the story in Unruly Heroes with that in Journey to the West C．explain why Unruly Heroes changes the story in Journey to the West D．blame Unruly Heroes for changing the story in Journey to the West 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Journey to the West is famous in Europe and the United States. B．Many traditional Chinese stories need changing as they are too old. C．Unruly Heroes avoids Chinese cultural elements to attract more players. D．With more creativity, Chinese culture will be more widely accepted. 33．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Unruly Heroes: A Tale that Continues to Develop B．Unruly Heroes: A Game that Takes Chinese Culture Abroad C．Unruly Heroes: A Story that Makes a Difference D．Unruly Heroes: An Effort that Creates Traditional Culture 【答案】 31．A 32．D 33．B 【导语】 本文介绍了了《非常英雄》：一款将中国文化带到国外的游戏。 【详解】 31．细节理解题。根据“Set against lush environments and a hand-drawn art style, Unruly Heroes updates the Journey to the West classic tale into an adventure that is more colorful, humorous and attractive to people in modern times ... players need to destroy her mask to defeat her.’”可知，《非常英雄》将《西游记》这部经典故事更新为一部更加丰富多彩、幽默风趣、吸引现代人的冒险小说，以白骨精为例进行论述是为了展示《西游记》中英雄如何使故事现代化。故选A。 32．推理判断题。根据“Lu believes that Chinese culture has strong potential to reach a wider audience, but it needs the efforts of more companies and creative minds.”及“We can add Chinese cultural elements into products that are easy for people around the world to understand. Video games, film and TV series, and other cultural and entertainment products resonate easily internationally”可知，中国文化具有接触更广泛受众的强大潜力，但它需要更多公司和创造性思维的努力。我们可以在产品中加入中国文化元素，让世界各地的人们都能接触到。电子游戏、影视剧等文化娱乐产品很容易在国际上引起共鸣。由上可知，要有更多的创造力，才能让中国文化走向世界，故选D。 33．最佳标题题。根据“The game is an example where international talent meets traditional Chinese culture.”及全文可知，文章通过举《非常英雄》这个例子，讲国际人才与中国传统文化交融，可知这里讲述的是通过游戏，让中国文化走向世界，故选B。 四、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition (构成) of plants in order to get them to perform different, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors (传感器) printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to change the functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michale Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a weak light for 3.5 hours. The light, about 1000th of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. “The technology,” Strano said, “could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.” In the future, the team hopes to develop a kind of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves only once but would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would slowly disappear when the day breaks. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity used in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 34．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．A new study of different plants. B．Benefits from green plants. C．A big fall in crime rates. D．Employees from various workplaces. 35．The underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．put up B．give out C．find out D．slow down 36．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A．They might help reduce energy use. B．They will speed up energy production. C．They may transmit electricity to the home. D．They could take the place of power plants. 37．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Can we grow more glowing plants? B．How do we live with glowing plants? C．How are glowing plants made pollution-free? D．Could glowing plants take the place of lamps? 【答案】 34．B 35．C 36．A 37．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物在照明方面的研究成果。 【详解】 34．段落大意题。根据第一段内容“greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.”可知，研究发现城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低；员工在有植物装饰的工作场所的工作效率可以提高15%。由此可知第一段主要介绍的是绿色植物带来的好处。故选B。 35．词义猜测题。根据所在句“These include plants that have sensors (传感器) printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect chemicals in groundwater.”可知植物的叶片可以植入传感器产生不同的功能，根据划线词detect后“chemicals in groundwater”可推测传感器可以用来探测地下水中的化学物质，与find out“发现”意思最为接近。故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可知，发光植物可以减少能量传输的距离从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，在未来我们可以期待发光植物帮助减少能源的消耗。故选A。 37．标题概括题。通读全文内容尤其是第三段最后一句“The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.”可知，文章主要介绍了发光植物在照明方面的研究成果，并预测发光植物将来可能用来照亮房间，甚至将树木转变成自动供电的路灯。由此可推知，D项是本文的最佳标题。故选D。 北师大附属实验中学2023-2024学年度第一学期期中试卷 三、阅读理解。（共24分，每小题2分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 C Holidays are coming! It often means less time studying and more time to spend on a great book and get lost in another world. But where do you start? Libraries hold so many books that it may be difficult to choose the right one. Here are some tips to help you choose a great read. Challenge Yourself Reading something comfortable might be your “go-to” when it comes to picking a book, but challenging yourself to read something more difficult is a really good way of pushing yourself to improve your reading skills. You might even surprise yourself! Read series books (丛书) These are great for new readers and bookworms alike. If you like the characters in a story, then it can be rewarding to read about them growing up or being involved (参与) indifferent adventures. Some books in a series need to be read in order, but others are stand-alone stories. Check this out before you get started. Ask an expert The very best people to throw your questions at are librarians! They really are incredible book brains. If you tell a librarian what you’ve read before and what you did or didn’t like about it, they will be able to suggest some possible reads for you to try next. Take the leap Taking the leap into a new genre (种类) of book can be nerve-wracking. What if you find out you don’t like detective stories or science fiction? What if stories about bullying (霸凌) will make you sad? You'll never know until you try. Give a new genre a chance and who knows, you may unlock a whole new world of reading to dive into. Read reviews Book reviews can help you decide if a book is for you. There are usually mini-reviews (called “blurbs”) on the back or inside cover of books, but you can also read reviews online. Book trust has a great “What to Read After” tool on its website with book suggestions from authors (作者) , children, librarians, parents and teachers. Finding out what others thought of a book, or what they read next after finishing some of the most popular authors, series and genres, is an interesting way of getting ideas for what to read next yourself. 29. The writer of this passage may agree _________. A. easier books better help improve reading skills B. we must read books in a series in order C. We can only read book reviews online D. a librarian knows a lot about books 30 The underlined word “nerve-wracking” in paragraph 5 probably means _________. A. difficult B. dangerous C. exciting D. peaceful 31. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Read Book Reviews B. Ask Librarians for Help C. Choose Series Books D. Find New Reads for Yourself 【答案】 29. D 30. A 31. D 【导语】 本文主要介绍了如何选择一本好书的建议，包括挑战自己阅读难度更高的书籍、选择系列书籍、向图书管理员咨询以及阅读书评等方法。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The very best people to throw your questions at are librarians! They really are incredible book brains. If you tell a librarian what you’ve read before and what you did or didn’t like about it, they will be able to suggest some possible reads for you to try next.”可知，图书管理员对书籍了解很多。故选D。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Taking the leap into a new genre of book”可推断，新接触一个书籍种类会觉得“难”，由此推断，“nerve-wracking”的词义是“难的”。故选A。 【31题详解】 最佳标题题。根据“Here are some tips to help you choose a great read.”和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍选择一本好书的建议，故“为自己寻找新的读物”为最佳标题。故选D。 D Having too many friends doesn’t sound like the kind of thing anyone should really worry about. After all, what can be wrong with having a wider group of people to hang out with? According to the latest survey (调查) , the average number of friends people have on social media (社交媒体) is between 300 and 500. Research suggests that the number is even higher for teenagers. Is it possible to keep meaningful relationships with so many people, especially those you may never meet in person? We are just one click away from making new friends on social media. This makes some people question how honest the friendship is. For example, when I see that a friend has posted photos from his latest holiday on social media, I would usually reply with a comment (评论) like “Wow, looks great!” even though it doesn’t. The unwritten agreement is that the next time I post, that friend will reply similarly, so I’ll feel better about myself. Not long ago, I met someone who loved music as much as I did at a concert. We got along pretty well that evening, although the music was so loud! We even added each other on social media. Now, I see her photos on social media, and I “like” her photos, but I’m pretty certain that we’ll never meet up again in real life. This can be just another example of how life changes these years. We live in a time when we expect things to happen right away, so is it really surprising that the way we form friendships has changed? Perhaps it shows how social media has made friendships less honest, turning them into meaningless “adds” and “likes” Real friendships, on the other hand, take time to build. My most important relationships haven’t grown out of a few unimportant online conversations. It’s taken years of shared experiences to develop strong and lasting relationships. And these for me—and I believe for most other people too—are much more valuable and meaningful. It’s something that cannot be replicated (复制) on social media. No matter how many times you have “liked” a person’s posts, you cannot get the same result. It has been said that technology (技术) is destroying (毁掉) our relationships with other people. I wouldn’t go so far as to say that. However, it seems that it has changed the way that we manage our friendships. But in the end, it’s up to us to decide how real and meaningful those friendships are. 32. What can we learn about making friends on social media? A. People often share their real feelings with online friends. B. Teenagers are more likely to meet online friends in person. C. Communicating online is the first step to making real friends. D. People always expect good comments on their posts from friends. 33. Why does the writer tell the experience of making a friend in Paragraph 4? A. To tell about how important it is to make friends in our real life B. To explain the reason why people make friends on social media C. To show how technology changes the way of making friends D. To suggest that we should form friendships in an easier way. 34. The writer probably agrees that _________. A. it’s necessary to be honest with online friends B. having more online friends makes people feel better C. true friendships need company and honest communication D. social media helps make relationships between people healthier 【答案】32. D 33. C 34. C 【导语】 本文主要讨论了在社交媒体上交友的现象，探讨了这种友谊的真实性和意义。作者认为真正的友谊需要时间和共同经历，而不是简单的点赞和评论。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The unwritten agreement is that the next time I post, that friend will reply similarly, so I’ll feel better about myself.”以及生活常识可知，关于在社交媒体上交朋友，我们能学到人们总是希望自己的帖子能得到朋友的好评。故选D。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Not long ago, I met someone who loved music as much as I did at a concert. We got along pretty well that evening, although the music was so loud! We even added each other on social media. Now, I see her photos on social media, and I ‘like’ her photos, but I’m pretty certain that we’ll never meet up again in real life.”可知，作者在第4段中提到交朋友的经历是为了展示科技如何改变了交友的方式，故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Real friendships, on the other hand, take time to build. My most important relationships haven’t grown out of a few unimportant online conversations. It’s taken years of shared experiences to develop strong and lasting relationships.”以及通读全文可知，本文作者主要讲述了网上交友的利与弊。作者认为建立牢固持久的关系需要多年的共同经历。但最终，这些友谊有多真实、有多有意义，取决于我们自己。因此作者可能同意真正的友谊需要陪伴和诚实的交流。故选C。 北京市北大附中 2023-2024学年上学期八年级期中英语试卷 七、阅读理解（共26分，每小题2分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 C Kids are born for science. This idea may surprise you because science seems difficult to learn. Yet it really holds water and science learning is likely to make a great difference in kids’ lives. The basic science is a mixture of thought and experiment called the scientific method. It’s where you start with an idea, create a way to explain your idea, and show what you learned based on facts. Learning to follow this process helps you think logically (逻辑地) and carefully. These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study. To give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins (维生素) to a developing mind. One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning. Learning science is a great way to do so. Children are intrigued by science because much of science is hands-on. It attracts most children. Nothing makes a child sit up and take notice like the “WOW!” of a great science showing. Science opens doors to many subjects at school. Building love for science can be helpful in other areas of study. For example, one cannot love science for very long without becoming good at its language—math! So, science encourages children to study math. An interest in science is an interest in how things were once understood compared to how they are understood now. As a result, studying science lends itself easily to studying history. And after you do an experiment, you need to write a lab report. So, writing becomes an important part of science. Science is the basic thing for much of our life. The science of farming shows how our food is produced; biomedical (生物医学的) science keeps us healthy; even our beds these days are designed according to scientific facts. We almost eat, sleep and breathe with the help of science! When we prepare the future voters (选民), creators and officials, it is important to make sure they are not only comfortable but also good at science. 31. The expression “are intrigued by” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A. are interested in B. are satisfied with C. are good at D. are busy with 32. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. children usually consider science boring B. science is too difficult for children to understand C. learning science can improve children’s thinking skills D. children who are good at writing can learn science well 33. What is the passage mainly about? A. Why kids should learn science. B. How kids can make use of science. C. Why science is important for officials. D. What future voters should learn at school. 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了学习科学对孩子们生活的影响。 【31题详解】 词义猜测题。根据下文“It attracts most children.”可知，科学吸引了大多数孩子，故可推测大多数孩子对科学很感兴趣。故选A。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据“ Learning to follow this process helps you think logically (逻辑地) and carefully.”可知，学会遵循这些过程就会有助于你思考得有逻辑和仔细，故可推测科学有助于提高学生的思考技能。故选C。 【33题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“Yet it really holds water and science learning is likely to make a great difference in kids’ lives.”可知，学习科学对孩子的生活产生巨大的影响。其后每段都在说明科学对学生的作用。故选A。 七、阅读理解（共26分，每小题2分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 D Like many writers, I’m a top master at procrastination (拖延症). When I should be working on a task, with the clock ticking towards my deadline, I’ll sit there watching meaningless interviews or cat videos on the Internet. According to the traditional thinking—I along with my friend procrastinators, have a time management problem. By this view, I haven’t fully understood how long my task is going to take and I’m not paying enough attention to how much time I’m actually wasting on videos. With better scheduling (时序安排), I will stop procrastinating and get on with my work. Increasingly, however, psychologists (心理学家) are realizing this is wrong. Researchers in the UK have showed that procrastination is a matter with managing our emotions, not our time. The task we’re putting off is making us feel bad—perhaps it’s boring, too difficult or we’re worried about failing—and to make ourselves feel better in the moment, we start doing something else, like watching videos. One research to encourage the emotional view of procrastination was published by researchers at Case Western Reserve University. They first made people feel bad (by asking them to read sad stories) and showed that this increased their repeated habit to procrastinate by playing video games instead of preparing for the test they knew was coming. Following studies by another team also showed feeling down only makes people procrastinate more if they have fun things to divert (分散) their attention. This fresh view on procrastination is beginning to open up exciting new methods to reducing the habit. A method, which is based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (接纳与承诺疗法), seems especially proper. It argues that ordering choices and actions that help you get closer to get things done can keep you away from the unpleasant feelings. So the next time you’re going to procrastinate, make your focus as simple as “What’s the next action?” Focusing on this one-step question takes your mind off your feelings and onto easily achievable action. “Our research and lived experience show very clearly that once we get started, usually we’re able to keep going. Getting started is “everything”. 34. Traditionally, we think procrastinators are those who ________ . A. are usually responsible people B. have difficulty managing time C. enjoy watching videos while writing D. can get work done with better organization 35. What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. Low emotions lead to procrastination. B. Procrastination improves your moods. C. Test-takers can not escape bad emotions. D. Procrastinators prefer games to sad stories. 36. Why does the writer suggest focusing on one simple question? A. Because it shortens the process. B. Because it may reduce unpleasant feelings. C. Because it can fix time management problem. D. Because it encourages the wildest imagination. 37. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To introduce new studies about procrastination. B. To compare different reasons for procrastination. C. To discuss what effect procrastination brings about. D. To explain how good time management matters in life. 【答案】 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. A 【导语】 本文主要介绍了关于拖延症的新研究。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据“According to the traditional thinking—I, along with my friend procrastinators, have a time management problem. ”可知拖延者是那些难以管理时间的人。故选B。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据“They first made people feel bad (by asking them to read sad stories) and showed that this increased their repeated habit to procrastinate by playing video games instead of preparing for the test they knew was coming”可知情绪低落会导致拖延症。故选A。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据“So the next time you’re going to procrastinate, make your focus as simple as ‘What’s the next action?’ Focusing on this one-step question takes your mind off your feelings and onto easily achievable action”（所以下次你想拖延的时候，把你的注意力集中到“下一步是什么？”把注意力集中在这个“一步”问题上，你的注意力就会从你的感觉上转移到容易实现的行动上）可推知作者认为这样可以减少不愉快的感觉。故选B。 【37题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“Increasingly, however, psychologists (心理学家) are realizing this is wrong. Researchers in the UK have showed that procrastination...”、“One research to encourage the emotional view of procrastination was published by researchers at Case Western Reserve University.”以及“This fresh view on procrastination is beginning to open up exciting new methods to reducing the habit”可知这篇文章是为了介绍关于拖延症的新研究。故选A。 2023-2024学年北京市大兴区八年级（上）期中英语试卷 三、阅读理解（二）阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 All over the world, men and women, boys and girls play sports because they’re important for everyone. If you have time to do sports, running may be a good choice for you. People think running is easy and cool now. Many people don’t have enough time to play sports, so they start running in the morning or evening. In the past, running in the street was a little silly, but nowadays lots of people go running in their free time. It’s said that you can keep your head clear for 1 to 10 hours by running. People run to lose weight, keep fit or relax themselves. Running was not popular at school in the past. In some schools, when it rained, the playground became too wet and children couldn’t play football, so they had to run somewhere else. However, running becomes popular now. Good sports clothes, comfortable shoes and your favorite music are helpful for running. Every year in April, the London Marathon (马拉松) comes. People from all over the world run in it. Interestingly, marathon running was a difficult sport, but now even people who are unfit come to join in it. It’s not because marathons become easier, but people become more interested in running. So what are you waiting for? Just run from today. 27. What do people think of running now? A. Silly and tiring. B. Easy and cool. C. Difficult and boring. D. Popular and comfortable. 28. What can we know from the fourth paragraph? A. The London Marathon comes every June. B. Marathon running was a kind of easy sport. C. People become more interested in running. D. People join in marathon running for money. 29. Why does the writer write this passage? A. To tell us how to lose weight. B. To give some advice to the runners. C. To advise more people to run somewhere. D. To give some information about marathon. 【答案】27. B 28. C 29. C 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了跑步对健康有益，现在已经越来越受欢迎，作者号召人们跑起来。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据“People think running is easy and cool now.”可知现在人们认为跑步是容易的，也是酷的，故选B。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据“It’s not because marathons become easier, but people become more interested in running.”可知更多的人参加马拉松，不是因为它变容易了，而是因为人们对跑步更感兴趣了，故选C。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“So what are you waiting for? Just run from today.”可知作者写这篇文章的目的是号召更多的人跑步锻炼身体，故选C。 Many kids help parents to do chores in the house. They may take out the trash, walk the dog or clean the floor. In return, some kids get money or other rewards from their parents, such as 20 minutes to play computer games. But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. One of them is Jane Smith, a parenting educator and family coach (顾问). She believes if kids get rewards, they may think that work isn’t worth (值得) doing unless you get something in return. For example, kids won’t clean the floor if they see it is dirty. But they will do it if their parents reward them for it. “Every house is a team effort (努力),” Jane said. “A home is a living place for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have a responsibility (责任) to keep our home clean.” However, other people have different ideas. They believe that money or other rewards encourage kids to do more chores. It also teaches them real world lessons. They can learn about how we need to work to make money. Now, there are also apps that encourage kids to do chores. The apps give kids points and digital (数字的) gifts that can be used either online or in life. With the Chore Monster, kids get digital points after they do chores. Kids can exchange (交换) their points for real rewards, such as time to play video games or a trip to the shop. “Our goal is to encourage kids to do chores so they can get rewards.” says Joe Black, the founder (创始人) of Chore Monster. “Kids need positive (积极的) power to make them do chores.” Anyway, action is above all with rewards or not. 30. The word “rewards” in Paragraph 1 means ________. A. reasons B. prizes C. shows D. excuses 31. Jane Smith thinks that ________. A. housework isn’t worth doing B. parents should do chores at home C. kids should get something in return D. kids shouldn’t get rewards for doing chores 32. What’s the purpose of the apps mentioned in the passage? A. To encourage kids to do chores. B. To let kids play more video games. C. To give kids digital points and gifts. D. To make kids keep their home clean. 33. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. parents should not give rewards for doing chores B. it is parents’ responsibility to pay for doing chores C. all parents have to encourage their children to use Chore Monster D. the more important thing is that children do something for the family 【答案】 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了关于孩子做家务是否应该给奖励的问题。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“some kids get money”和“such as 20 minutes to play computer games.”可猜测应是钱之外的其它奖励，结合备选项可知prize“价格”符合语境，故选B。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据“But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. One of them is Jane Smith,”可知Jane认为孩子们做家务不应该得到奖励，故选D。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Our goal is to encourage kids to do chores so they can get rewards.”可知文中提到app的目标是为了鼓励孩子们做家务，故选A。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Anyway, action is above all with rewards or not.”可知作者认为是否有奖励不重要，重要的是行动起来，所以推测作者应是觉得更重要的是孩子们能为家人做一些事，故选D。 北京市第十五中学八年级上学期2023~2024学年第一学期 三、阅读理解（共 22 分，每小题 2 分） （二）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C life circle of monarch butterfly In the last 25 years, the population of monarch butterflies has reduced by hundreds of millions, according to (根据) the Wildlife Service Species report. The black and orange butterflies face insecticides (杀虫剂), loss of milkweed—the plant monarchs lay eggs on and the caterpillars’ only food, and habitat (栖息地) loss. City people making a difference The smaller population led Field Museum researchers in Chicago to ask: what makes a successful monarch garden? Hasle, an ecologist (生态学家) at the Field Museum, and Karen Klinger, a geographer, are working to answer that question. Many stops along the monarchs migratory route (迁徙路线) are trying to help out the butterfly, looking for more places where milkweed might grow. “We think, in one way, cities are giving an important place for a lot of insects (昆虫),” Hasle said. Although the project is still very new, there are already some findings. Unlike some other field work derailed by the COVID-19, the monarch project worked well with more people staying home to watch over their gardens. According to the weekly reports participants (参与者) sent, more successful gardens had more milkweed and flowering plants or much larger fields. But Klinger said one participant with only one plant watched eggs change all the way to a chrysalis. “So,” she said, “you just need one plant.” ________ In 2020, during the second season of the study, the number of caterpillars dropped, even though there were more participants. Chicago saw a hot, dry summer in 2020, which may have affected (影响) the health of the milkweed plants. In 2021, the reports out of Mexico noted illegal logging (非法砍伐), as well as trees hit by wind and drought (干旱). But they also said spring and summer weather were hard for milkweed flowers and egg development in the southern U.S., which affected the growth of butterflies. Not giving up Now is the perfect time to start planning to plant some milkweed, Hasle and Klinger said. “The best thing to do is what you can do,” Hasle said. “One milkweed plant in a pot (花盆) on your window board is doing something. Probably it gives you something to look forward to during the boring winter in Chicago.” 32. According to the report, which is NOT the reason for the reduced populations of monarch butterflies? A. The habitat loss. B. The colors of caterpillars. C. The use of insecticides. D. The loss of milkweed. 33. The word “derailed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A. completed B. improved C. stopped D. decided 34. What is the best heading for Paragraph 4 and 5? A. Difficulties we meet B. Illegal logging C. A bright future D. Fighting against drought 35. The writer writes the passage to ________. A. encourage people to keep more monarchs B. warn people the danger of the loss of milkweed C. advise people to grow more flowers in their gardens D. ask people to give a better environment for monarchs 【答案】 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【导语】 本文介绍了帝王蝶数量骤减的原因、芝加哥研究人员保护帝王蝶项目的成功尝试，并鼓励大家在自家花园种植乳草属植物来为帝王蝶提供更好的生存环境。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The black and orange butterflies face insecticides (杀虫剂), loss of milkweed—the plant monarchs lay eggs on and the caterpillars’ only food, and habitat (栖息地) loss.”可知造成帝王蝶减少的原因有：使用杀虫剂、乳草属植物的减少和栖息地的减少。故选B。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“Unlike some other field work derailed by the COVID-19, the monarch project worked well with more people staying home to watch over their gardens.”可知帝王蝶项目进行顺利，因为有更多的人可以待在家里照顾他们的花园，不像其他田园工作受到了新冠疫情的影响。因此意思是“stopped”。故选C。 【34题详解】 最佳标题题。根据“Chicago saw a hot, dry summer in...the reports out of Mexico noted illegal logging (非法砍伐), as well as trees hit by wind and drought…which affected the growth of butterflies”可知这两段主要说明的是我们遇到的困难，导致帝王蝶数量下降的原因。故选A。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据“The best thing to do is...gives you something to look forward to during the boring winter in Chicago.”可知作者的目的是号召人们给帝王蝶提供更好的生存环境。故选D。 2023北京房山初二（上）期中 三、阅读理解（每题2分，共24 分) C When did you visit a famous place last time? Do you often go shopping with your friends or parents on weekends? You will easily find that women usually wait in a long, slow-moving line for a toilet (卫生间). However, not far away, men quickly go in and out of their own toilets. This is the same for most women around the world for a long time. It’s no secret (秘密) that a trip to the toilet means more time for women than men, and there are many reasons for it. In fact, there are many differences between men and women, so women usually stay longer in toilets than men. According to the World Toilet Organization, although men’s public toilets are almost as big as women’s, women spend an average (平均的) of 89 seconds on the toilet, about 2.3 times longer than 39 seconds spent by men. On Sina Weibo, many people ask for women’s rights (权利) and they say there should be “more toilets for women than for men”. Then more than 260 million people pay attention to the idea. And to our surprise, it gets full support from both men and women. Now comes good news for women in China: as the government recently said that they would do something to help women’s rights. That is, they will build more toilets for women than for men in the next few years. “We really need toilets far more than men do. And we do have reasons. Mothers take their young children to the toilets. And sometimes we need a space to check our clothes and faces in the mirror,” an Internet user said online. It is true that the toilet problem is not a small thing. Caring about the details of women can help the world become better and better, said Red Star News. 23. Women need more toilets than men because________. A. more women go shopping than men B. women spend more time on the toilet C. women don’t like to wait for the toilet D. there are more women than men in China 24. What can we learn from the passage? A. Men also ask for more toilets in places of interest. B. Women’s toilets are usually much bigger than men’s. C. Sina Weibo users can decide almost everything. D. Both men and women support more toilets for women. 25. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A. Women’s Toilet Problem B. Women’s Right to Use Toilets C. Fun Facts about Toilets D. More Space in Toilets 【答案】 23. B 24. D 25. A 【导语】本文是关于由于种种原因女士上厕所的时间长于男性，因此呼吁建造更多的女厕。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In fact, there are many differences between men and women, so women usually stay longer in toilets than men.”“women spend an average(平均的) of 89 seconds on the toilet, about 2.3 times longer than 39 seconds spent by men”可知，女性需要更多厕所是因为上厕所时间更多。故选B。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据“On Sina Weibo, many people ask for women’s rights (权利) and they say there should be “more toilets for women than for men”. Then more than 260 million people pay attention to the idea. And to our surprise, it gets full support from both men and women.”可知，男性和女性都支持有更多的厕所。故选D。 【25题详解】 最佳标题题。本文是关于由于种种原因女士上厕所的时间长于男性，因此呼吁建造更多的女厕。选项A“女性的厕所问题”更符合语境。故选A。 D It is said that people have been keeping dogs for more than 2000 years. Different dogs have different good points. Each kind has its own look and talents, and its own role in the people world. Here are three examples of “a dog’s life” in people’s world. Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. They are called therapy (治疗) dogs. They visit children who are ill in hospital and help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be very hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and parents stay strong during long hospital stays, and some even help them get better. Today, some beagles (检疫犬) work in airports for customs (海关). They are part of the programme called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal (非法的) fruits, vegetables, and other foods in bags. The beagles do the job better than people could. Some dogs are working hard, but other dogs are free to spend their days resting and playing. Across the world, many people treat their pet dogs like their children. Many dogs have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want. Some even have their own clothes. Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow, or even going to classes. Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so. Dogs have become helpful to people in many ways. For example, with the trainers’ help, domestic dogs play many important roles in some special places. They help us live a better life. We should take more care of them. 26. What can we know about beagles? A. The beagles are very good at taking care of patients. B. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to check everything. C. The beagles spend their days playing with their owner. D. A beagle can use its powerful nose to find illegal things. 27. What does the underlined word domestic in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Kind. B. Trained. C. Hungry. D. Free. 28. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To ask people to treat dogs as their children. B. To explain why people need beagles in work. C. To show how dogs help people in their lives. D. To tell people about the history of dogs’ work. 【答案】 26. D 27. B 28. C 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了狗在医疗和海关领域的用途以及宠物狗对人类的作用。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal (非法的) fruits, vegetables, and other foods in bags.”可知检疫犬会使用自己强大的嗅觉帮助海关工作人员发现一些非法的物品。故选D。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“For example, with the trainers’ help, domestic dogs play many important roles in some special places.”可知在训练师的帮助下，受过训练的狗可以在一些特殊领域发挥作用，猜测该词意为“受过训练的”。故选B。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Each kind has its own look and talents, and its own role in the people world. Here are three examples of ‘a dog’s life’ in people’s world.”可知文章主要是讲述了狗是如何帮助人类的。故选C。 2023北京一七一中初二（上）期中 英语 五、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 C Do you ever give up easily in difficult stations? If so, imagine yourself as someone with great abilities, like Batman (蝙蝠侠). It will help you feel strong. You will not give up easily and will probably do better. This is called the Batman Effect (效应). In a study, researchers gave three groups of six-year-old children a difficult task to complete on a computer. In Group One, the children were told to repeat asking themselves, “Am I working hard?” In Group Two, the children were told to ask themselves the same question in the third person-as in “Is Sam working hard?” And in Group Three, the children were told to imagine themselves as Batman and ask themselves “Is Batman working hard?” Researchers found that the children in Group Three did the best. How can you make use of the Batman Effect? Imagine yourself as someone who is the best for the task you are doing. If you’re facing a personal difficulty, imagine yourself as a wise family member. If you’re running a race at school, imagine yourself as a top runner. In this way, you can become a little more like the person you wish to be. 29. Who took part in the study? A. Sam’s family. B. Difficult persons. C. Computer makers. D. Six-year-old children. 30. How can a boy do better in running a race according to the text? A. By joining a group. B. By talking with a family member. C. By answering questions. D. By imagining himself as a top runner. 31. What is the best title (标题) for the text? A. Go and do research! B. Come and complete tasks! C. I can do it! I’m Batman! D. You can help! You’re a helper! 【答案】 29. D 30. D 31. C 【导语】 本文主要介绍了减压必备的“蝙蝠侠效应”。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In a study, researchers gave three groups of six-year-old children a difficult task to complete on a computer”可知，六岁的孩子们参加了这个研究，故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“If you’re running a race at school, imagine yourself as a top runner”可知，如果你在学校参加赛跑，想象自己是一名顶尖的运动员，故选D。 【31题详解】 最佳标题。本文围绕“蝙蝠侠效应”来介绍该如何减压，让自己做到最好，所以最符合本文的标题是“我能做到！我是蝙蝠侠！”符合，故选C。 D Shyness can be an unhappy feeling. But the good news is, you're not alone. Scientists say that more than 40 percent of teenagers and adults consider themselves shy. Shyness is feeling a little nervous or as if you want to hide when you're around other people or in a new situation. ___ Scientists say such things as genetics（遗传基因）， life experiences， and environment can influence whether a person is shy. For example, in some families, everybody seems to be shy. What happens if you are shy? Well, being shy may cause you to avoid or miss opportunities you would enjoy. How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us. "When I started off trying to get over being shy, I decided to do little steps at a time, including practicing smiling and saying hi to people. And it worked for me. “ But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice. Here are some tips given by scientists. Think of what to talk about before you leave home. Prepare things to talk about before you're in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations. Let people know you're shy. If you're shy, just show it. Instead of letting people guess, tell them the truth. Explain that you are shy and feel nervous but enjoy talking to people. Make things easy for the other person. Remember, you’re not the only shy person around. Do what you think might help others feel good-for example, say hello or smile. Pick one social skill to practice at a time. Start simply. For example, smile or be the first person to say hi. Choose skills you feel comfortable enough with to practice for a day, a week, a month, or even a year. 32. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph2? A. What is shyness? B. What makes people shy? C. Can shyness be good for us? D. Can we overcome shyness? 33. The example of Gilbert in Paragraph 4 is given to _____. A. show how people overcome shyness B. introduce a shy girl called Gilbert C. tell the right time to practice smiling D. explain the steps of overcoming shyness 34. What does the underlined word "overnight" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Correctly. B. Suddenly. C. Slowly. D. Finally. 35. Which of the following is the right way to overcome shyness? A. Don’t let others know that you are shy. B. Wait for others to say hello to you first. C. Choose several skills to practice at a time. D. Get ready before you join in a social situation. 【答案】 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 【导语】 含羞会给人们带来不愉快的感受，科学家认为遗传基因、生活经历和环境等因素会影响一个人是否害羞。克服害羞需要一个漫长的过程，短文给出了一些克服害羞的方法与建议。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子“Scientists say such things as genetics（遗传基因），life experiences，and environment can influence whether a person is shy.”科学家认为遗传基因、生活经历和环境等因素会影响一个人是否害羞。可以判断前面的句子应该是导致人害羞的一些因素，故答案选B. What makes people shy? 什么使人害羞。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据短文第4段中的句子How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us.”人们如何克服羞怯？这就是吉尔伯特告诉我们的。后面吉尔伯特所列举的例子就是告诉人们克服一些害羞的方法，故答案为A。 【34题详解】 词义猜测题。A. Correctly.正确地；B. Suddenly.突然地；C. Slowly.慢慢地；D. Finally.最后。根据后面的句子“Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.”克服害羞需要时间，需要实践训练。可以得知害羞不是大多数人能在一夜之间就可以克服的，也就是克服害羞需要一个漫长的过程，故答案为B。 【35题详解】 细节判断题。根据“Prepare things to talk about before you're in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations.” 在社交场合之前，准备一些要讨论的事情。例如，如果你知道你的同学对即将到来的事件感兴趣，就去了解它，这样你就可以加入对话了。可知，在参加社交活动之前要做好充分的准备，这样就可以有效的克服羞怯的心理。答案为D。 北京十八中教育集团2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷 五、阅读下列三篇短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 Looking at the undone homework on his desk always makes David Grey feel uncomfortable. More often than not, David leaves his homework behind and surfs the Internet or watches TV instead, waiting until the last minute. “But the longer I wait,” says David, aged 15, “the more I worry.” Everyone procrastinates (拖延) because they want to feel good now. The way to do that is to avoid the task. You can procrastinate on nearly anything, even enjoyable tasks such as planning a vacation. “Some people procrastinate cleaning. Some people procrastinate by cleaning,” says Professor Peter Stone. Research has shown that the top tasks young people procrastinate are studying and going to bed. “One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others’ expectations,” Stone adds. Some people believe that procrastination will make them thrive. But researchers disagree. “I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,” says Stone. “They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer. But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usually not going to be good for you. For example, bedtime procrastination can lead to sleeplessness, which in turn can cause many other health problems. For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first. If you’ve been procrastinating on forming a habit of exercise, just put on your walking shoes. A little bit of progress will get you moving. Next, find something to help you remember to take action. If you want to go to bed at 10: 30 pm, you might set a timed dimmer switch (渐暗开关) at 10 pm. When the lights are dimmer, you’ll start going to bed. It works for most people. Finally, reward yourself every time you make progress. For example, after you’ve run 3 km, enjoy your favourite ice cream. But be careful: it won’t work the other way around. 37. What is the main reason for people’s procrastination according to the passage? A. They want to avoid doing hard work. B. They need to finish the top tasks first. C. They plan to do the enjoyable tasks last. D. They are afraid to lose and let others down. 38. The underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. think faster B. give up more easily C. work more successfully D. worry too much 39. What should David do if he wants to stop procrastinating on a writing task? A. Put on some soft music to help think actively. B. Enjoy a favourite ice cream, and then start writing. C. Search the Internet for enough ideas before starting. D. Pick up a pen and write down possible starting sentences. 40. What can be the best title for this passage? A. Meeting a Procrastinator. B. Procrastination: Yes or No? C. Say Goodbye to Procrastination. D. Want to Feel Good Now? Procrastinate! 【答案】 37. D 38. C 39. D 40. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了拖延症以及其危害和克服它的一些建议。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据“One big cause for procrastination is that people are afraid of failure, of not meeting others’ expectations,”可知，拖延症的一个主要原因是人们害怕失败，害怕达不到别人的期望。故选D。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Some people believe that procrastination will make them thrive.”及“They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they took longer. But they thought they did better.”可知，他们的表现比不拖延的人差：他们犯了更多的错误，而且花了更长的时间。但他们认为拖延会让他们自己做得更好。说明划线词的意思是“做得更成功”。故选C。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据“For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first.”可知，对于那些需要一些动力来停止拖延的人来说，最好的建议可能是先采取行动，因此如果大卫想停止拖延写作任务，他该拿起一支笔，写下可能的开头句子。故选D。 【40题详解】 标题归纳题。根据“For those who need some drives to stop procrastinating, the best advice might be to take action first.”可知，对于那些需要一些动力来停止拖延的人来说，最好的建议可能是先采取行动，全文针对拖延问题给出了一些建议，所以这篇文章最好的标题是“和拖延说再见”。故选C。 2023-2024学年北京三十五中八年级（上）期中英语试卷 4、 阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 Imagine this. There’s an apple and a piece of cake on a table. Which one would you like? The delicious cake or the healthy apple? A bestseller, Willpower Rediscovering Our Greater Strength, suggests that willpower (意志力), rather than in the short term. Here is a famous experiment in the book: the marshmallow (棉花糖) test. In 1972, Professor Walter Mischel tested the willpower of 600 four-year-old to six-year-old. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow on a table in front of them. They were given two choices: they could either eat it or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a second one and then they could eat both. So, what did the kids do? Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow. But then Mischel discovered something really interesting. Twenty years later, he got in touch with the children, who, by then, were in their early twenties. And he found that those who’d shown strong willpower were getting better marks at university and were more popular. Willpower is like a muscle (肌肉), and the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. So, such as making your bed or brushing your teeth, you’ll improve your overall willpower. And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon. Be careful though. Just like any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. If you’ve had to do lots of things that require willpower, take a break or give yourself a treat. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again. And one last thing, the writer mentions people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations! 28. From the marshmallow test, we can learn that ________. A. the kids felt difficult to make choices B. most of the kids showed weak willpower C. marshmallows could help improve willpower D. the kids could eat one marshmallow every fifteen minutes 29. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. willpower should be kept practicing without any stop B. willpower can be built up by dealing with difficulties C. strong willpower can help people achieve their goals D. strong willpower can help people make right decisions 30. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The finding of the experiment. B. The process of the experiment. C. The purpose of the experiment. D. The background of the experiment. 【答案】 28. B 29. C 30. A 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一本畅销书《意志力：重新发现我们最大的力量》，以及书中的一个著名试验，告诉我们意志力对人们的生活有着很大的影响。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据“So, what did the kids do? Well, as you can imagine, 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes. But the other 30% showed willpower they controlled themselves and waited for the second marshmallow.”70%的人在15分钟内吃掉了第一块棉花糖。但另外30%的人表现出意志力，他们控制住自己，等待第二个棉花糖。可推知从棉花糖测试中，我们可以知道大多数孩子的意志力很弱，故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据“And daily willpower exercises will help you with those bigger goals, such as studying for an exam or training for a marathon.”可知，每天的意志力锻炼会帮助你实现这些更大的目标，比如为考试而学习或为马拉松而训练。故选C。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“So, what did the kids do? ”，那么，孩子们做了什么？及“But then Mischel discovered something really interesting.”，但后来米歇尔发现了一件非常有趣的事，可知文章第三段讲述了试验的发现。故选A。 Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discouraged（灰心的）if the whole passage doesn’t make sense（讲得通）to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it. These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: 1. Start to read normally（正常地）until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you. 2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly. 3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary. 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain（解释） more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said. 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words. 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ideas together. The steps sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one. 31. The underlined phrase “run into” means ________ in Chinese. A. 理解 B. 遇到 C. 翻译 D. 跑过 32. From the passage, we can know _________. A. we should look up new words before reading B. it is sometimes difficult to read a science passage C. the six steps are helpful in learning spoken English D. interesting stories help readers to improve their English 33. The passage is mainly about ________. A. steps of studying science B. difficulties in reading science C. ways of reading science passages D. researches on science and English 【答案】 31. B 32. B 33. C 【导语】 本文主要讲述了阅读科普文章的方法。 【31题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Start to read normally（正常地） until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.”可知此处是指一开始是正常的阅读，直到遇到你不懂的句子。所以“run into”表示“遇到”，故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story”（你不应该期望能够像阅读有趣的故事一样阅读一篇难懂的科学文章）可知科学文章有时很难读懂，故选B。 【33题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:”（当你阅读困难的东西时，可以遵循以下步骤：）可知本文主要讲述了阅读科普文章的方法，故选C。 Physical activity is important and we often plan to do it. However, we don’t often think about making time to exercise as a family. While we find time for family games or movie nights, we often forget family sports. Family exercise may seem silly, but there are many benefits (益处). Form Lifelong Habits By spending family time on a physical activity together, you encourage (鼓励) your children to exercise and build lifelong habits. When children see physical activities as an enjoyable thing to do together, they may keep family exercise as a family-time tradition as they grow up. ________ Children get more life skills at home than they do anywhere else. Teamwork is taught and encouraged in sports. By exercising together, you’re encouraging teamwork and working together to reach a common goal, which helps teach the importance of goal setting as a team. Bring Encouragement Parents are great encouragers in education and sports. You can give your children encouragement when doing family sports. Studies show that family encouragement influences (影响) children’s mental health in a good way. Good family bonding (联结) with family encouragement builds confidence (自信) in children. It may be all well and good to think about exercising together as a family, but it may be difficult to get started. Here is some advice for you. ● Take turns on who gets to choose the physical activity. Maybe you enjoy traditional exercise while your child wants to dance. On your exercising day, encourage your child to follow along. Then allow your child to choose the next family physical activity. ● Staying safe is always something important to think about for not only children but parents as well. Choose an activity with your child’s abilities in mind. If some of your family members are not good at running, try to slow down or have them ride a bike along. Family exercise can be both fun and a good chance for bonding. Remember to always choose the activity as a family and stay safe. 34. Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 3? A. Build Teamwork B. Improve Health C. Keep Traditions D. Bring Happiness 35. According to the passage, the writer probably agrees that ________. A. it’s always safe to exercise together as a family B. it’s good and easy for families to start exercising C. children should play a part in deciding family exercise D. children will exercise with family more if they are confident 36. The passage is probably written for ________. A. children B. students C. teachers D. parents 37. What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage? A. The ways for families to exercise together and stay safe. B. The choices of family exercise and the reasons to start it. C. The benefits of family exercise and advice on how to start it. D. The importance for children to exercise and get more life skills. 【答案】 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. C 【导语】 本文主要讲述了家庭锻炼的好处和如何开始家庭锻炼。 【34题详解】 最佳标题题。根据第三段“By exercising together, you’re encouraging teamwork and working together to reach a common goal, which helps teach the importance of goal setting as a team.”（通过一起锻炼，你们鼓励了团队合作，一起努力达到一个共同的目标，这有助于教会作为一个团队设定目标的重要性。）可知，主要谈论的是建立团队合作。故选A。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Then allow your child to choose the next family physical activity.”（然后让您的孩子选择下一个家庭体育活动。）可知，孩子们应该在决定家庭运动方面发挥作用。故选C。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Parents are great encouragers in education and sports. You can give your children encouragement when doing family sports.”（父母在教育和体育方面都是伟大的鼓励者。当你的孩子进行家庭运动时，你可以给予鼓励。）可推知，这篇文章可能是写给父母的。故选D。 【37题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Family exercise may seem silly, but there are many benefits”（家庭锻炼可能看起来很傻，但有很多好处）以及下文可知，介绍了家庭锻炼的好处；又根据第五段“It may be all well and good to think about exercising together as a family, but it may be difficult to get started. Here is some advice for you.”（全家人一起锻炼可能是件好事，但开始锻炼可能很难。这里有一些建议给你。）以及下文可知，给出了如何开始家庭锻炼的一些建议。由以上可知全文讲述了家庭锻炼的好处和如何开始家庭锻炼。故选C。 北京师范大学亚太实验学校 2023～2024 学年第一学期期中考试 八年级英语试卷 六、阅读理解。 (共 22 分，每小题 2 分) C Polar Bears Could Die Out by the End of the Century The heating of Earth is pushing the number of polar bears to get smaller and smaller. According to a new study, they could die out in fewer than 100 years. Polar bears are animals which live by eating sea seals in the Arctic Ocean. As more and more sea ice melts (融化), their living places become to shrink. The loss (丧失) of sea ice began to be paid more attention at the end of the 1970s. Since then, sea ice that lasts for more than a year in the Arctic has decreased at a rate of 13% per decade. Studies have long shown that the growing loss of sea ice will lead to a dangerous situation for polar bears, but the new research shown in Nature Climate Change has given us a clear dying out timeline. Polar bears will be unable to live because of the climate (气候) change over the next several decades (十年). The scientists believe they will completely die out by 2100. “What we’ve found out is that, first, it will be very difficult for cubs (幼崽) to be born and live. Even if cubs are born, the mother polar bears won’t have enough body fat (脂肪) to produce milk to bring them along through the ice-free season.” said Dr. Steven Amstrup, a scientist of Polar Bears International, to the BBC. “Any of us knows that we can’t go without food for a long time. That’s a natural need for all humans and animals.” The research also shows that, even in a situation where many countries have done a lot of work to save polar bears, several populations (族群) of polar bears will die out. But Amstrup strongly believes that the animals can still do whatever they can do to live if the climate change does not go on getting worse. “We must show how dangerous the situation is, because we have to do something now to stop the worst of future problems.” He said. “The way we’re on now is not good enough, but if society can do something together, we will have time to save polar bears. And if we do, we will do great good to other lives on Earth, and to ourselves too.” 37. The word “shrink” in Paragraph 2 probably means “__________”. A. get bigger B. get lighter C. get smaller D. get heavier 38. According to the passage, polar bears will probably die out because _________. A. sea seals in the Arctic Ocean don’t have enough body fat B. sea ice becomes less because of the climate change C. the new research has given a dying out timeline D. fewer animal scientists pay attention to them 39. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why cubs are hard to be born and live in ice-free season. B. Why humans and animals can’t live through without food. C. Why mother polar bears can’t produce enough milk for cubs. D. Why Dr. Steven Amstrup does the research about polar bears. 40. What is Dr. Steven Amstrup’s opinion (观点) on what many countries have done? A. What they have done works well, so polar bears will not die out. B. What they have done doesn’t do any good, so they need to change. C. What they have done is useful but not enough, so they need to do more. D. What they have done makes things worse, so polar bears will die out soon. 【答案】37. C 38. B 39. A 40. C 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北极熊受气候变化的影响，有可能在不到一百年的时间内灭绝。文章呼吁人们携手应对气候变化，保护地球生命。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“As more and more sea ice melts (融化), their living places become to shrink.”可知，海冰的不断融化使得北极熊的栖息地不断缩小，故划线部分单词与get smaller意思相近。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“the growing loss of sea ice will lead to a dangerous situation for polar bears”及“Polar bears will be unable to live because of the climate (气候) change over the next several decades (十年).”可知，北极熊由于气候变化导致的海冰减少而可能灭绝。故选B。 【39题详解】 段落大意题。根据第四段“first, it will be very difficult for cubs (幼崽) to be born and live…bring them along through the ice-free season”可知，文章第四段主要介绍了为什么幼崽很难出生并生活在无冰的季节。故选A。 【40题详解】 观点态度题。根据最后一段“The way we’re on now is not good enough, but if society can do something together, we will have time to save polar bears.”可知，Steven Amstrup认为，人类现在所采取的措施虽然有些用处，但是还远远不够，我们还需要做更多来应对气候变化，保护地球生命。故选C。 北京166中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷 3、 阅读短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 C Now few businesses can run without computers. Schools even offer lessons for their students to learn to write on computers. But what are we giving up as handwriting loses its importance in society? Researchers from Princeton University studied two groups of students. One group wrote out their notes in class while the other typed （打字） them with a computer. In order to show the differences between the two groups, researchers tested both groups of students 30 minutes after a lesson, and again a week later. The results showed that both groups did well in the first test. But students with the handwritten （手写的） notes were able to better remember and understand the lesson a week later, and were more open to new ideas. According to the lead researcher, “Our findings suggest that even when computers are used as planned, they may still cause harm to your learning.” Part of the reason for this is that notetakers using pen and paper could understand the lesson better and put what they heard in their own words. Those taking notes on a computer typed faster, but they always tried to type every word exactly （精准地） as they heard it, so they didn’t really pay enough attention to the content（内容） of the lesson. That’s the problem. Students chose to take notes with a computer because it could help them take notes faster, but it undermined learning. Computers aren’t going away anytime soon, but that doesn’t mean paper notebooks need to become out-of-date. In fact, it’s best to start using them at an early age. University of Indiana researchers compared brain scans of five-year-olds. Some of them practised writing letters down and some just looked at the letters. Those who wrote out the letters had better and even “adult-like’ brain activity. So next time when you need to take notes, why not choose a pen and paper over a keyboard? It will do wonders for your memory. 27. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A. how difficult the tests were B. what the research showed us C. when the research finished D. why students needed the tests 28. The underlined words “undermined learning” probably mean “________”. A. helped to learn B. made learning fun C. harmed learning D. made learning natural 29. The writer probably agrees that ________. A. handwriting makes people smarter B. it’s better to take notes on computer C. handwriting is going away from class soon D. it’s difficult to use paper notes at an early age 【答案】 27. B 28. C 29. A 【导语】 本文主要讨论了手写与打字在学习记忆中的差异。普林斯顿大学的研究发现，虽然电脑打字可以提高笔记的速度， 但手写笔记的学生在一周后对课程的记忆和理解更好，更能接受新的观点。原因在于，手写笔记的学生能更好地理解课程内容，并用自己的话进行总结，而打字的学生往往只是机械地记录每一个听到的词，没有真正关注课程内容。因此，尽管电脑不会很快消失，但这并不意味着纸质笔记本就过时了，实际上，从小使用它们是最好的。 【27题详解】 段落大意题。根据第三段“The results showed that both groups did well in the first test. But students with the handwritten notes were able to better remember and understand the lesson a week later, and were more open to new ideas.”（结果显示，两组人在第一次测试中都表现良好。但是，有手写笔记的学生在一周后能够更好地记住和理解课程，并且对新想法更开放。）可知，第三段主要介绍的是研究结果是什么，即研究给我们展示了什么。故选B。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段“That’s the problem. Students chose to take notes with a computer because it could help them take notes faster, but it undermined learning.”（这就是问题所在。学生们选择用电脑做笔记，因为这样可以帮助他们更快地记笔记，但这……）可知，but表示转折，undermined learning应该表示电脑做笔记的弊端。结合选项，harmed learning“破坏学习”符合语境。故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Some of them practised writing letters down and some just looked at the letters.Those who wrote out the letters had better and even ‘adult-like’ brain activity.”（他们中的一些人练习把字母写下来，一些人只是看着字母。那些写出字母的人的大脑活动更好，甚至“像成年人一样”。）可知，作者认为书写让人更聪明。故选A。 北京166中学2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试卷 4、 阅读短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。 D Jorge and Maria Ramirez and their six-year-old son are smiling and laughing as they watch the baby giant panda. They are at a zoo as part of a large crowd watching the baby panda learning to walk. Why are people so attracted by the baby giant panda? Cuteness is the answer. Experts say the things we describe as “cute” share several qualities（品质）. What make something cute is different from what makes something beautiful. People often describe pandas as cute, but they don’t usually say they are beautiful. A butterfly, on the other hand, may be beautiful but not cute. While we tend（倾向于）to admire（欣赏） beautiful things, we do not tend to have the fondness for them that cute things inspire （激发） in us. Scientists have discovered some key facial features and behaviors that cute things have in common. Two important features are a round face and bright eyes. The position of the eyes is also important: the eyes should at least appear to face forward and not be high on the face. There are also certain behaviors that cute things have in common, such as walking and moving arms, legs and wings unsteadily. Other important qualities of cuteness include youth, innocence（天真）and neediness, as well as being vulnerable（脆弱的）to possible harm or danger. The baby panda, with its round face, big black eyes and unsteady movements, has all the key features which add up to being cute. Another popular creature that shares many of these cute qualities is the baby emperor penguin. And many of people’s pets can be described as cute. Scientists believe there is an important reason why we are attracted to all these cute qualities. It is because human babies have all these qualities. They have round faces, bright eyes and unsteady movements. Human babies cannot get by without help from adults. Scientists point out that the cuteness of babies makes adults want to take care of them. This allows babies to survive（存活）, become adults and have their own babies. This cycle ensures the human species continues. Advertisers use the special attraction of cute things in their attempts（企图，尝试） to get us to buy their products. In Japan, for example, one of the most popular images is Hello Kitty. Many cartoon animal characters have round faces and large, bright eyes that face forward. In the real world, ducks and mice do not have round faces, and their small eyes are on the side of their heads. The Ramirez family is not aware （意识到的） of all of this. For now, they are too busy taking pictures and admiring the baby panda. 30. Why does the writer talk about the Ramirez family in the first paragraph? A. To give an example of cuteness. B. To bring readers close to the topic. C. To give readers some idea of admiration. D. To develop the main view of the passage. 31. From the passage, we can learn that being cute ________. A. changes people’s facial features B. inspires people to give their help C. inspires people in dangerous situations D. shares the same qualities with being beautiful 32. Which of the following is one most important cute quality? A. Beautiful eyes. B. Friendly to people. C. Newly born. D. Unsteady movement. 33 Which is the best title of the passage? A. Being Cute to Survive B. Cute and Beautiful C. Feature of Cute Animals D. Making Babies Cute 【答案】 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 【导语】 文章通过人们喜欢的可爱的大熊猫引出话题，进而开始探讨可爱的一些特点，表明可爱的东西受人喜欢，可爱的动物更易存活。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Jorge and Maria Ramirez and their six-year-old son are smiling and laughing as they watch the baby giant panda…Why are people so attracted by the baby giant panda? Cuteness is the answer.”可推断出，第一段谈到了拉米雷斯一家是为了指出人们喜欢大熊猫的原因就是因为可爱，从而引出文章话题。故选B。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Scientists point out that the cuteness of babies makes adults want to take care of them.”可知，可爱激励人们给予他们帮助。故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“It is because human babies have all these qualities. They have round faces, bright eyes and unsteady movements.”可知，圆脸、明亮的眼睛及蹒跚的动作是最重要的可爱品质。结合选项可知D项符合，故选D。 【33题详解】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知文章通过人们喜欢的可爱的大熊猫引出话题，进而开始探讨可爱的一些特点，表明可爱的东西受人喜欢，故最佳标题应为：可爱的动物更易存活。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$