福建省三明第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期开学英语试题

福建省三明第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期开学英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷总分：150分） 一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30分） http://aibertoherandez bloaspot.com/comments Marianne:  15 hours ago Thanks, Alberto. Your blog is fantastic and so helpful. I just want to say that I have a suspicion that my employer is playing Big Brother*. My boss scans our office with video cameras, keeps a log of all office phone conversations, tracks our location with cell phones and ID cards, and reads our incoming and outgoing e-mail. think this supervision has gone too far and is outside the range of a responsible business. Marcel:  12 hours ago In my company, we're forced to take drug tests whether we like it or not, without warning, and for no good reason. In this suspicious atmosphere, it's impossible to have a sense of pride and dignity in my work. I can' 't understand what's driving this increase in employee monitoring. Robert:  6 hours ago I don't agree with Marcel and Marianne. There's nothing harmful about these monitoring practices. As an employer, I have the right to know how my employees are using their time. On top of that, I use video cameras only to prevent theft. And I check employee e-mail to watch for any insulting language or racism. Come on－you know it's only for the employee's protection. 1．In Marianne's opinion, her boss is ______. A．a fantastic and helpful person B．trying to restrict their behavior C．an irresponsible person D．trying to know them better 2．How does Marcel most probably feel in his company? A．Thrilled. B．Proud. C．Disrespected. D．Unsuccessful. 3．From the comments we can conclude that ______ must be an employer. A．Alberto B．Marianne C．Marcel D．Robert When the residents of Buenos Aires want to change the pesos they do not trust into the dollars they do, they go to an office that acts as a front for thriving illegal exchange market. As the couriers carry their bundles of pesos around Buenos Aires, they pass grand buildings like the Teatro Colon, an opera house that opened in 1908, and the Retiro railway station, completed in 1915. In the 43 years leading up to 1914, GDP had grown at an annual rate of 6%, the fastest recorded in the world. In 1914 half of Buenos Aires’s population was foreign-born. Its income per head was 92% of the average of 16 rich economies. It never got better than this. Its income per head is now 43% of those same 16 rich economies; it trails Chile and Uruguay in its own backyard. The country’s dramatic decline has long puzzled economists. “If a guy has been hit 700,000 shots it’s hard to work out which one of them killed him,” says Rafael di Tella. But three deep-lying explanations help to throw light on the country’s decline. Firstly, Argentina may have been rich 100 years ago but it was not modern. The second theory stresses the role of trade policy. Thirdly, when it needed to change, Argentina lacked the institutions to create successful policies. Argentina was rich in 1914 because of commodities; its industrial base was only weakly developed. The landowners who made Argentina rich were not so bothered about educating it: cheap labor was what counted. Without a good education system, Argentina struggled to create competitive industries. It had benefited from technology in its Belle Epoque period, but Argentina mainly consumed technology from abroad rather than inventing its own. Argentina had become rich by making a triple bet on agriculture, open market and Britain, its biggest trading partner. If that bet turned sour, it would require a severe adjustment. The First World War delivered the initial blow to trade. Next came the Depression, which crushed the open trading system on which Argentina depended. Dependence on Britain, another country in decline, backfired( 失 败 ) as Argentina’s favored export market signed preferential deals with Commonwealth countries. After the Second World War, when the rich world began its slow return to free trade with the negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1947, Argentina had become a more closed economy. An institution to control foreign trade was created in 1946; the share of trade as a percentage of GDP continued to fall. High food prices meant big profits for farmers but empty stomachs for ordinary Argentines. Open borders increased farmers’ taking but sharpened competition from abroad for domestic industry. Heavy export taxes on crops allow the state to top up its decreasing foreign-exchange reserves; limits on wheat exports create surpluses(过剩) that drive down local prices. But they also dissuade farmers from planting more land, enabling other countries to steal market shares. 4．Grand buildings are mentioned in the second paragraph to show ________. A．Argentines were talented B．Argentina was once a rich country C．Argentines miss the past of Argentina D．Argentina has a suitable infrastructure 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Argentina is richer than Uruguay. B．Argentina was once attractive to immigrants. C．Britain is playing a leading role in the development of Argentina. D．Argentina is not serious about its agriculture and open markets. 6．The underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph implies that ________. A．the decline of Argentina welcomes an analysis from authorities B．it is hard to explain the reasons for Argentina’s decline C．it takes time to explain the reasons for Argentina’s decline D．Argentina has declined for many reasons 7．What is the root of the problem of Argentina’s trade policy? A．Argentina depends heavily on foreign technology. B．Many world events caused Argentina to break down. C．Argentina failed in adjusting itself appropriately. D．The conflicts between classes needed to be solved. A new study finds that getting a family dog is linked with a big jump in physical activity in younger kids — especially in young girls. In the study, Australian researchers followed 600 children over a three-year period, starting at preschool age. They tracked the kids’ physical activity and surveyed parents about their children’s activities — and whether they had a family dog. Half of the children didn’t have a dog. About 204 kids had a dog the entire time, while 58 kids got a dog during the study period — and sadly, 31 kids lost a dog. Both boys and girls in the study engaged more frequently in activities like dog walking and playing in the yard after getting a dog. But the impact was pronounced in girls in particular. It showed that adding a dog to the household increased young girls’ physical activity by 52 minutes a day — or almost an hour. In contrast, girls whose dog died during the study saw a big drop in their daily physical activity — by 62 minutes a day. Katie Potter, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who led the study notes that while the body of research is limited, other studies have also suggested that dogs may have a bit more of an impact on girls’ activity levels. “We’re not sure why — if it’s something about how girls and boys differently communicate with or connect with their dogs. So we certainly want to learn more about this,” Potter says. Studies show girls experience a bigger drop in physical activity as they get older than boys do. “If researchers can find ways to use dogs to get — and keep — girls moving more, that could have a real impact on public health.” Dogs are a big responsibility, and owning one is not for everyone. But for dog lovers, welcoming a furry friend into the family could have many benefits. “There’s just something about the connection between humans and animals that I think people just can’t get enough of,” Potter says. 8．How does the study get its finding according to the passage? A．By comparing boys’ school activities with girls. B．By tracking kids’ long-term physical activity levels. C．By studying the number of owning dogs in children. D．By observing the relationship between kids and dogs. 9．What does the underlined word “pronounced” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Noticeable. B．Accessible. C．Measurable. D．Reliable. 10．What does professor Potter suggest about the dog ownership? A．It can reduce girls’ physical activity as they get older. B．It can help drive girls to be more physically active. C．It would help strengthen boys’ sense of responsibility. D．It would make more and more girls ready to buy dogs. 11．Why do the researchers make the study according to professor Potter? A．To encourage more families to adopt dogs as pets. B．To understand the effect of dogs on public health. C．To figure out the different effects on boys and girls. D．To prove that dogs are important for physical well-being. I adopted Motley from the SPCA six years ago. When I first brought him home, he was scared of everything. Cars terrified him because he had never experienced traffic before. Toys were so foreign to him that he would shake in fear. He would often spend hours by himself hiding in rooms that I wasn’t in, or in his corner. Play was something he didn’t understand either. Two years ago, my husband and I adopted a Bichon named Freddie. Freddie is the polar opposite of Motley. He is vigorous and cannot stay in one spot for more than a minute or two. He loves chasing toys and playing with us. He is interested in everything. Taking walks is his favorite activity. At first, Motley wanted nothing to do with him. Freddie was determined. He kept trying to play with Motley, until Motley finally caught on, and for the first time in his life he engaged in play. Motley was confused as to why Freddie was interested in chasing toys. One day, Motley ran after one of them and held it in his mouth. He didn’t know what to do with it, but it was a start. Motley began chasing Freddie around, so he wasn’t in a corner by himself as much. As soon as Motley figured out that Freddie was getting to spend more time outside, he became interested in walking. Some days he is excited enough to walk that he is suddenly pulling us to the sidewalk. Motley learns new things from Freddie every day and is a completely new dog. We adopted Freddie as a present for ourselves, but he turned out to be more of a present for Motley. 12．Which of the following can be used to describe Motley from Paragraph 1? A．Playful and curious. B．Brave and loyal. C．Frightened and distant. D．Rude and unfriendly. 13．What does the underlined word “vigorous” mean in paragraph 2? A．Sharp. B．Energetic. C．Lovely. D．Smart. 14．What can we know about Motley after Freddie’s arrival? A．He became active. B．He was better at hiding. C．He was loyal to his owners. D．He became a quicker learner. 15．What could be the best title for the text? A．A Journey to Joy B．A Story of Self-discovery C．An Unexpected Gift D．A Tale of New Adventures 二、七选五（本大题共5小题，共10分） A traditional curriculum (课程) is the most widely accepted form of education. It refers to a teacher-centered style of education which requires students to passively receive information taught by teachers. 16 , based on what they think will be useful for the next generation in their academic and social lives. Different from a traditional curriculum, a progressive curriculum presents a different approach to education. 17 . Teachers cease to be the authorities that are spreading knowledge, but rather only facilitate students’ research and development. School is no longer preparation for life, but rather a part of life, a process of learning and discovering that will last throughout the life of every student. Basically, it’s a reform of traditional education. 18 , although it is becoming increasingly popular in many schools across the world. 19 . Usually, classes in schools supporting a progressive curriculum are smaller than in those supporting a traditional one. This is to ensure that students get as much attention from teachers as possible. Besides, a traditional system is mostly theoretical—knowledge is taught through lectures, worksheets, notes, and textbooks, without much practical involvement. 20 . It encourages direct experience, play, and social interaction. Furthermore, a traditional system supports knowledge in many areas, subjects and classes, while a progressive system focuses on the main interests of students and gives very deep and detailed information about those subjects, focusing the education on those subjects that are most interesting to the students at hand. A．However, it’s not universally accepted yet B．Which curriculum is more efficient is an open question C．The information to be taught is decided on by the adults D．A progressive system is quite the opposite in that regard E．These two educational systems are fundamentally different F．This curriculum changes the focus onto students instead of teachers G．Parents would become actively involved in a progressive curriculum 三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共30分） With such a long history and rich culture, Egypt has always attracted me. However, I’ve had no plan of traveling to Egypt because of the stories I’d heard of women having 21 experiences there. But later I 22 some writings about Cairo and I wanted to have a try there by myself. Then when my 23 came, I gave myself a birthday present and booked a 24 to Cairo. I spent 10 days in Egypt and, to my great 25 , everything was fine and smooth, even if 26 at times. I flew to Cairo at the end of April which I think is a pretty good time. The best times to visit Egypt are spring and autumn when the days are at their 27 . The summers can get rather hot in Egypt, and 28 you visit in July or August, the heat is unbearable, making it difficult to 29 . Most people picture pyramids when they 30 Egypt. Just a few minutes south of Cairo on the west bank of the Nile, the Pyramids of Giza (吉萨金字塔群) 31 in the desert. Built about 5,000 years ago, the three large Pyramids of Giza are the most 32 places of interest in Egypt, as well as one of the most well-known 33 on the planet. By the way, it’s a(n) 34 experience to ride camels while visiting. Egypt was worth all the efforts and I 35 myself there very much, even though on most of the days I was completely tired. 21．A．hard B．pleasant C．cheerful D．hopeful 22．A．included B．read C．corrected D．copied 23．A．graduation B．struggle C．birthday D．workday 24．A．train B．car C．flight D．ship 25．A．surprise B．sadness C．anger D．fear 26．A．exciting B．challenging C．forgettable D．valuable 27．A．coldest B．hottest C．worst D．nicest 28．A．before B．after C．although D．if 29．A．attack B．explore C．organize D．arrange 30．A．turn over B．suffer from C．set up D．think about 31．A．land B．disappear C．stand D．fight 32．A．attractive B．peaceful C．natural D．expensive 33．A．systems B．destinations C．dynasties D．mountains 34．A．useless B．scientific C．extraordinary D．endless 35．A．enjoyed B．organized C．harmed D．questioned 四、语法填空 语法填空 Heated 36 (argue) and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents, 37 is because teenagers usually go through physical and mental changes in their growth. They have a strong desire for independence as well as their parents’ love and support. It can be a tough challenge for them 38 (achieve) a balance. It must 39 (stress) that they can improve the situation by communicating 40 (regular) in an honest way. The key to 41 (maintain) a good parent-child relationship is to understand the situation from each other’s point of view. Whenever quarrels come about, teenagers must remember that perhaps their parents 42 (experience) something similar and their advice is quite 43 (benefit). The good news is 44 the stormy period will not last long. Everything will turn 45 fine in the end. 五、翻译（本大题共11小题，共22分） 46．Smart watches will be keeping constant track of relevant data so as to detect some critical illness in time. (英译汉) 47．The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. （英译汉） 48．电话里说好的马上送到, 但是等了一个小时我们的午餐还没送达。(deliver)(汉译英) 49．这个来自偏远山村的小女孩下定决心要努力求学，创造更美好的未来。(determine, brilliant) (汉译英) 50．如果想要推进这项工程，我们俩必须共同努力。（汉译英） 51．他突然抓住我的手,把我拉到他怀里。(汉译英) 52．当她看到草莓时，她的眼睛闪烁着喜悦和甜蜜。(twinkle/sparkle) （汉译英） 53．我的老师建议我们报名参加高级文学。(recommend that…) (汉译英) 54．我浑身发抖，手心都出汗了。(汉译英) 55．“诸位，这是一个钱的问题，”我郑重其事地说。（汉译英） 56．我如释重负，感到一阵欣慰。(汉译英) 六、书信写作（本大题共1小题，共25分） 57．假设你是李华，你的美国的笔友Tom想要你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的伟大女性。请根据以下信息用英语写一封回信。要点如下： 1）她的基本信息（年龄，教育，成就等）； 2）你喜欢她的原因； 3）大家对她的评价； 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, From your last letter, I know you want to know who is the great woman I like most. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第7页 共10页 ◎ 第8页 共10页 第9页 共10页 ◎ 第10页 共10页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B C D B B D C B A B 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B C B A C C F A E D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 A B C C A B D D B D 题号 31 32 33 34 35 答案 C A B C A 1．B 2．C 3．D 【分析】这是一篇网页文章。文章主要介绍了三位网友关于办公室强制监管措施的看法。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“I just want to say that I have a suspicion that my employer is playing Big Brother*. My boss scans our office with video cameras, keeps a log of all office phone conversations, tracks our location with cell phones and ID cards, and reads our incoming and outgoing e-mail. ”（我只想说，我怀疑我的雇主在扮演老大哥的角色。我的老板用摄像机扫视我们的办公室，记录所有的办公室电话对话，用手机和身份证追踪我们的位置，并读取我们收发的电子邮件。）以及最后一句“think this supervision has gone too far and is outside the range of a responsible business.”（认为这种监管太过分了，超出了一个负责任的行业的范围。）可知，在她看来，Marianne的老板试图（restrict）限制他们的行为。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。由文章第二段第二句“In this suspicious atmosphere, it's impossible to have a sense of pride and dignity in my work. ”（在这种可疑的氛围中，我的工作不可能有自豪感和尊严感。）可知，Marcel在公司中感觉不受尊重（disrespected）。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句“As an employer, I have the right to know how my employees are using their time.”（作为一个雇主，我有权知道我的员工如何使用他们的时间。）可知，Robert肯定是一个雇主（employer）。故选D项。 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了阿根廷经济发展的过程、经济现状及衰退的原因。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中Its income per head was 92% of the average of 16 rich economies.可知其人均收入是16个富裕经济体平均水平的92%。由此可推知，第二段提到了宏伟的建筑，是为了表明阿根廷曾经是一个富裕的国家。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中In 1914 half of Buenos Aires's population was foreign-bor.可知1914年，布宜诺斯艾利斯一半的人口是外国出生的。由此可知，当时阿根廷有许多外国人，将近一半的人口是外国出生的，阿根廷曾经对移民很有吸引力。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据后文But three deep-lying explanations help to throw light on the country’s decline.可知但有三种深层次的解释有助于解释阿根廷这个国家的衰落。由此可知，此处分析阿根廷经济衰退的三个深层次的原因，表明原因不止一个，有许多原因。故第4段加下划线的这句话意思是，阿根廷由于许多原因而衰落。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中The second theory stresses the role of trade policy. Thirdly, when it needed to change, Argentina lacked the institutions to create successful policies.可知第二种理论强调贸易政策的作用。第三，当需要改变时，阿根廷缺乏制定成功政策的体系。以及倒数第二段中Next came the Depression, which crushed the open trading system on which Argentina depended. Dependence on Britain, another country in decline, backfired as Argentina’s favored export market signed preferential deals with Commonwealth countries.可知接下来是大萧条，它摧毁了阿根廷所依赖的开放贸易体系。另一个正在衰落的国家英国对阿根廷的依赖产生了反作用，因为阿根廷青睐的出口市场与英联邦国家签署了优惠协议。由此可知，阿根廷贸易政策问题的根源是阿根廷未能进行适当的调整。故选C。 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，家里养狗能够增加小孩子的体育活动量,尤其是小女孩的体育活动量，这对孩子们的健康有着很大影响。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the study, Australian researchers followed 600 children over a three-year period, starting at preschool age. They tracked the kids’ physical activity and surveyed parents about their children’s activities — and whether they had a family dog. (在这项研究中，澳大利亚的研究人员对600名儿童进行了为期三年的跟踪调查，从学龄前开始。他们追踪了孩子们的身体活动，并向父母们调查了孩子的活动，以及他们是否养了一只狗)”可知，这项研究通过跟踪孩子们的长期身体活动水平得出结论。故选B项。 9．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“It showed that adding a dog to the household increased young girls’ physical activity by 52 minutes a day — or almost an hour. In contrast, girls whose dog died during the study saw a big drop in their daily physical activity — by 62 minutes a day. (研究表明，家里养狗会使年轻女孩每天的运动量增加52分钟，差不多一个小时。相比之下，在研究期间狗死了的女孩，她们的日常体育活动大幅减少——每天减少62分钟)”可知，此处具体说明家里养狗会使年轻女孩每天的运动量大幅增加，没有狗的话，她们的运动量则会大幅减少。由此推知，这种影响在女孩身上尤其明显，画线词意思应该是“明显的，显著的”，与Noticeable意思一致。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Katie Potter, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who led the study notes that while the body of research is limited, other studies have also suggested that dogs may have a bit more of an impact on girls’ activity levels. (领导这项研究的马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校教授Katie Potter指出，虽然研究的主体有限，但其他研究也表明，狗对女孩的活动水平可能有更大的影响)”可知，Potter教授认为，养狗可以帮助女孩们更积极地锻炼身体。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段中Potter教授所说的话“If researchers can find ways to use dogs to get — and keep — girls moving more, that could have a real impact on public health. (如果研究人员能找到利用狗让女孩多运动的方法，这可能会对公众健康产生真正的影响)”可推知，在Potter教授看来，研究人员进行这项研究是为了了解狗对公众健康的影响。故选B项。 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者家里一开始收养了一只叫莫特利狗狗，他胆小怯懦，对人非常疏远，后来作者又收养了一只叫弗雷迪的狗狗，弗雷迪性格开朗，精力充沛，在他的影响下，莫特利变得活跃开朗起来，弗雷迪的到来像是给莫特利的礼物。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I first brought him home, he was scared of everything. Cars terrified him because he had never experienced traffic before. Toys were so foreign to him that he would shake in fear. He would often spend hours by himself hiding in rooms that I wasn’t in, or in his corner. Play was something he didn’t understand either.(我第一次带他回家的时候，他什么都害怕。汽车把他吓坏了，因为他以前从未经历过交通堵塞。玩具对他来说太陌生了，他害怕得发抖。他经常花几个小时躲在我不在的房间里，或者躲在他的角落里。玩耍也是他不懂的东西。)”可知，第1段中的莫特利恐惧而疏远。故选C。 13．词句猜测题。根据第二段“He loves chasing toys and playing with us. He is interested in everything. Taking walks is his favorite activity.(他喜欢追玩具，和我们一起玩。他对一切都感兴趣。散步是他最喜欢的活动。)”可知，此处是指他精力充沛，所以vigorous意为“精力充沛的”。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“As soon as Motley figured out that Freddie was getting to spend more time outside, he became interested in walking. Some days he is excited enough to walk that he is suddenly pulling us to the sidewalk. Motley learns new things from Freddie every day and is a completely new dog.(莫特利一发现弗雷迪在户外的时间越来越多，就对散步产生了兴趣。有时他兴奋得想走路，突然把我们拉到人行道上。莫特利每天都从弗雷迪那里学到新东西，成了一只全新的狗。)”可知，弗雷迪来了之后，莫特利变得活跃了。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We adopted Freddie as a present for ourselves, but he turned out to be more of a present for Motley.(我们收养弗雷迪是给自己的礼物，但他更像是给莫特利的礼物。)”可知，文章主要是讲作者家里收养的第二只狗狗弗雷迪就像是给第一只狗狗莫特利的礼物，弗雷迪的到来让原本胆小怯懦的莫特利变得活跃开朗起来，C“一份意外的礼物”符合文意。故选C。 16．C 17．F 18．A 19．E 20．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了传统课程与渐进课程的概念及区别。 【详解】1.根据设空处后面的“based on what they think will be useful for the next generation in their academic and social lives. (基于他们认为对下一代在学术和社会生活中有用的东西。)”可推知设空处应解释they指代谁，以及他们认为的基于对下一代学术和社会生活有用的事情。由此可知C项“The information to be taught is decided on by the adults (要教的知识是由成年人决定的)”符合语境，其中they指代C项中的adults。故选C。 2.第一段介绍了传统课程是以老师为中心的，第二段首句“Different from a traditional curriculum, a progressive curriculum presents a different approach to education. (与传统课程不同，渐进式课程呈现出不同的教育方式。)”指出渐进课程与传统课程不同。再结合设空处后面的“Teachers cease to be the authorities that are spreading knowledge, but rather only facilitate students’ research and development. (教师不再是传播知识的权威，而只是促进学生的研究和发展。)”可知，渐进课程不再是以老师为中心，而是以学生为中心，由此可推知，空处应该承上启下，指出课程的中心由教师转到学生身上，故可知 F项“This curriculum changes the focus onto students instead of teachers (这个课程把焦点从教师转移到学生身上)”正确。故选F。 3.根据设空处后面的“although it is becoming increasingly popular in many schools across the world ( 尽管它在世界各地的许多学校越来越受欢迎。)”可知，渐进课程在世界各地的许多学校中越来越流行，其中的although提示设空处应表达与此相反的含义，故 A 项“However, it’s not universally accepted yet (然而渐进课程还没有被普遍接受)”符合语境，故选A。 4.通读设空处所在段落尤其是下文“Usually, classes in schools supporting a progressive curriculum are smaller than in those supporting a traditional one. This is to ensure that students get as much attention from teachers as possible. Besides, a traditional system is mostly theoretical—knowledge is taught through lectures, worksheets, notes, and textbooks, without much practical involvement. (通常，支持渐进式课程的学校的班级比支持传统课程的学校的班级小。这是为了确保学生得到老师尽可能多的关注。此外，传统的系统大多是理论性的——知识是通过讲座、练习单、笔记和教科书传授的，没有太多的实际参与。)”可知，本段从课堂容量、授课方式以及课程内容等方面对比了传统课程和渐进课程的区别，E 项“These two educational systems are fundamentally different (这两种教育体系从根本上是不同的)”概括了整段内容，符合语境。故选E。 5.设空处前面“Besides, a traditional system is mostly theoretical—knowledge is taught through lectures, worksheets, notes, and textbooks, without much practical involvement. (此外，传统的系统大多是理论性的——知识是通过讲座、练习单、笔记和教科书传授的，没有太多的实际参与。)”指出传统的教学体系大多是理论性的—知识是通过讲座、活页练习册、笔记和课本传授的，没有太多的实际参与。设空处后面“It encourages direct experience, play, and social interaction. (它鼓励直接的经验，游戏和社会互动。)”继续这一话题，指出渐进的教育体系鼓励直接体验、游戏和社交互动，这与传统教学体系完全相反，故D项“A progressive system is quite the opposite in that regard (在这方面，进步的体制恰恰相反)”符合语境。D项为过渡句，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．C 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．D 29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在埃及的旅行经历。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我没有计划去埃及旅行，因为在我听说过的故事里，女人在那里有艰难的经历。A. hard艰苦的，努力的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. cheerful快乐的；D. hopeful充满希望的。根据上文可知，虽然埃及一直吸引着我，但是我不计划去埃及旅行，因此推断是因为我听说女人在那里有艰难的经历。故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但后来我读了一些关于开罗的文章，我想自己去那里试试。A. included包括；B. read阅读；C. corrected纠正；D. copied抄写，复制。根据第2空后的some writings about Cairo可知，此处指“阅读”文章。故选B。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，当我的生日到了，我给自己一个生日礼物，并订了去开罗的机票。A. graduation毕业；B. struggle挣扎，奋斗；C. birthday生日；D. workday工作日。根据第3空后的I gave myself a birthday present可知，“生日”到了。故选C。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，当我的生日到了，我给自己一个生日礼物，并订了去开罗的机票。A. train    火车；B. car小汽车；C. flight飞行；D. ship轮船。根据第4空前后的booked a和to Cairo可知，我预定了“飞机票”。故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在埃及呆了10天，令我惊讶的是，一切都很好，很顺利，尽管有时会遇到挑战。A. surprise惊讶；B. sadness伤心；C. anger生气；D. fear害怕。根据上文提到的“女人在埃及有艰难的经历”和第5空后的everything was fine and smooth可知，事实令我非常“惊讶”。故选A。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在埃及呆了10天，令我惊讶的是，一切都很好，很顺利，尽管有时会遇到挑战。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. challenging具有挑战性的；C. forgettable易被忘记的；D. valuable有价值的。根据第6空前后everything was fine and smooth, even if和at times可知，有时“具有挑战性”。故选B。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参观埃及的最佳时间是春天和秋天，那时天气最好。A. coldest最冷的；B. hottest最热的；C. worst最差的；D. nicest最好的。根据第7空前的The best times to visit Egypt are spring and autumn可知，春天和秋天天气“最好”。故选D。 28．考查连接词辨析。句意：埃及的夏天很热，如果你在7月或8月去埃及，那里的热是无法忍受的，很难去探索。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. although尽管；D. if如果。结合句意可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句。故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃及的夏天很热，如果你在7月或8月去埃及，那里的热是无法忍受的，很难去探索。A. attack攻击；B. explore探索；C. organize组织；D. arrange安排。根据第9空前的the heat is unbearable可知，天气太热很难去“探索”。故选B。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数人一想到埃及就会想到金字塔。A. turn over把……翻过来；B. suffer from忍受，遭受；C. set up建立；D. think about考虑，思考。根据第10空前的Most people picture pyramids可知，此处指“想到”埃及会想到金字塔。故选D。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在开罗以南的尼罗河西岸，几分钟后，吉萨金字塔就矗立在沙漠中。A. land登陆；B. disappear消失；C. stand站立；D. fight与……斗争。根据第11空后的in the desert可知，金字塔“矗立”在沙漠中。故选C。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吉萨的三座大金字塔建于约5000年前，是埃及最具吸引力的名胜古迹，也是地球上最著名的目的地之一。A. attractive具有吸引力的；B. peaceful和平的；C. natural自然的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据第12空后的places of interest in Egypt可知，它们“具有吸引力”。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉萨的三座大金字塔建于约5000年前，是埃及最具吸引力的名胜古迹，也是地球上最著名的目的地之一。A. systems系统，体制；B. destinations目的地；C. dynasties朝代；D. mountains山脉。根据第13空前的as well as one of the most well-known可知，此处是最著名的“目的地”之一。故选B。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：顺便说一下，在游览期间骑骆驼是一种非凡的体验。A. useless无用的；B. scientific科学的；C. extraordinary非凡的，特别的；D. endless无止境的。根据第14空后的experience to ride camels while visiting可知，骑骆驼是“非凡的”体验。故选C。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃及值得所有的努力，我在那里玩得很开心，尽管大部分时间我都很累。A. enjoyed喜爱；B. organized组织；C. harmed伤害；D. questioned怀疑，询问。根据第15空后的myself there very much, even though on most of the days I was completely tired.可知，我玩得很开心。固定搭配：enjoy oneself“玩得开心”。故选A。 36．arguments 37．which 38．to achieve 39．be stressed 40．regularly 41．maintaining 42．have experienced/experienced 43．beneficial 44．that 45．out 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年和父母之间激烈的争论和冷淡的沉默是很常见的。青少年的身体变化可能会导致这种家庭紧张。他们可能会感到焦虑，因为他们的发育速度与朋友不同，身高直线上升。 36．考查名词。句意：激烈的争论和冷漠的沉默在青少年和父母之间很常见，这是因为青少年在成长过程中通常会经历身体和心理的变化。根据空前的heated可知，空处需要名词形式。表示具体的争论时，argument为可数名词，根据and后面的cold silences可知，空处需要名词的复数形式。故填arguments。 37．考查定语从句。句意：激烈的争论和冷漠的沉默在青少年和父母之间很常见，这是因为青少年在成长过程中通常会经历身体和心理的变化。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，在定语从句中做主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 38．考查动词不定式。句意：对他们来说，实现平衡可能是一项艰巨的挑战。本题考查句型“It be +adj. +for sb. to do sth.”，在该句型中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式。故填to achieve。 39．考查被动语态。句意：必须强调的是，他们可以通过以坦诚的方式定期沟通来改善这种情况。本句话中it为形式主语，后面的that从句为真正的主语，和谓语动词stress之间为被动关系，空前有情态动词must。故填be stressed。 40．考查副词。句意：必须强调的是，他们可以通过以坦诚的方式定期沟通来改善这种情况。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰前面的动词，所以用副词形式。故填regularly。 41．考查动名词。句意：保持良好的亲子关系的关键是从彼此的角度了解情况。the key to...“做……的关健”，to为介词，所以空处需要动名词作宾语。故填maintaining。 42．考查时态。句意：每当发生争吵时，青少年必须记住，也许他们的父母也有类似的经历，他们的建议是非常有益的。分析句子结构可知，空处为that从句的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表明父母以前也经历过，用一般过去时态。也可用现在完成时态，表示该动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响或结果。主语为复数形式。故填have experienced/experienced。 43．考查形容词。句意：每当发生争吵时，青少年必须记住，也许他们的父母也有类似的经历，他们的建议是非常有益的。空处需要形容词作表语，故填beneficial。 44．考查表语从句。句意：好消息是暴风雨不会持续太久。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句。表语从句中不缺成分，意思完整，所以用that引导。故填that。 45．考查固定短语。句意：最后一切都会好起来的。turn out...“结果是……”。故填out。 46．智能手表将持续跟踪相关数据，以便及时发现一些重大疾病。 【详解】考查时态，不定式和短语。主语Smart watches，译为“智能手表”，谓语keep track of，译为“跟踪”，constant“不断的”，作定语，修饰track，relevant data译为“相关数据”，so as to“以便，为了”，作目的状语，detect some critical illness译为“发现一些危重疾病”，时态是将来进行时，故答案为：智能手表将持续跟踪相关数据，以便及时发现一些重大疾病。 47．最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在愤怒时犯的。 【详解】考查英译汉。主语The most awkward email mistake表示“最尴尬的邮件错误”；usually表示“通常”；be committed表示“犯下”；in anger表示“在愤怒时”。为一般现在时。故翻译为：最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在愤怒时犯的。 48．It had all been promised on the phone that our lunch would be delivered right away; however, an hour had passed and no food arrived. 【详解】考查主语从句和动词。根据所给中文提示词，“电话里说好的马上送到”可用主语从句来翻译，“电话里说好的”可译为“had all been promised on the phone”，“马上送到”可用that引导的主语从句，主句可用it作形式主语，根据题干要求，谓语动词需用deliver，译为“our lunch would be delivered right away”，“但是等了一个小时我们的午餐还没送达”可译为“however, an hour had passed and no food arrived”。故译为：It had all been promised on the phone that our lunch would be delivered right away; however, an hour had passed and no food arrived。 49．The little girl from the remote village is determined to study hard so as to create more brilliant future. 【详解】考查时态和形容词。该句可表主语目前的状态，可用一般现在时，the little girl (小女孩)，the remote village (偏远山村)，be determined to do sth. (下定决心做某事)，study hard (努力求学)，so as to do sth. (为了)，create (创造)，形容词brilliant (美好的、明亮的)用比较级，再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：The little girl from the remote village is determined to study hard so as to create more brilliant future. 50．Both of us must work hard together if we are to push ahead with the project. 【详解】考查固定短语、状语从句和时态。结合句意表示“两者都”短语为both of，后跟us作宾语；表示“必须”应用must；表示“共同努力”短语为work hard together；表示“如果”应用if引导条件状语从句；从句中主语为we；表示“要做某事”短语为be to do sth.，此处为一般现在时，谓语用复数；表示“推进”短语为push ahead with；后跟名词project作宾语。故翻译为Both of us must work hard together if we are to push ahead with the project. 51．He caught my hand suddenly and pulled me into his arms. 【详解】考查时态和短语。根据句意，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语he，“抓住我的手”译为catch my hand，suddenly“突然地”，副词作状语，修饰谓语动词，“把我拉到他怀里”译为pull me into his arm，catch与pull作并列谓语，故译He caught my hand suddenly and pulled me into his arms. 52．When she saw the strawberries, her eyes twinkled /sparkled with joy and sweetness. 【详解】考查状语从句和时态。此处when引导时间状语从句，主语为she；表示“看到”应用see，后跟复数名词strawberries，作宾语；主句主语为her eyes；表示“闪烁着喜悦和甜蜜”应用twinkle/sparkle with joy and sweetness，为一般过去时。故翻译为When she saw the strawberries, her eyes twinkled /sparkled with joy and sweetness. 53．My teacher recommended that we should sign up for advanced literature. 【详解】考查动词、名词短语、时态和宾语从句。表示“我的老师”应用名词短语my teacher；表示“建议”应用动词recommend；根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，动词recommend用过去式recommended；分析句子结构可知，表示“我们报名参加高级文学”为谓语动词recommend的宾语从句，recommend表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”，所以“我们报名参加高级文学”应用we should sign up for advanced literature。故翻译为My teacher recommended that we should sign up for advanced literature. 54．I trembled all over and my palms were sweating. 【详解】考查动词、名词和时态。“发抖”用动词tremble表达，“浑身”表达为all over；“我浑身发抖”陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，表达为I trembled all over；“手心”为名词palm，“出汗”为动词sweat；“手心都出汗了”指“我的手心在出汗”用过去进行时，表达为my palms were sweating；“我浑身发抖，手心都出汗了。”表达为and连接的并列句I trembled all over and my palms were sweating.；故答案为：I trembled all over and my palms were sweating. 55．“It’s a question of money, folks,” I announced. 【详解】考查直接引语、时态和句子结构。表示“我郑重其事地说”应用一般过去时，为I announced，位置可用于句末；直接引语中，表示“这是一个钱的问题”为it’s a question of money，是主系表句型，一般现在时，表示呼语“诸位”为folks，是独立成分。句首字母大写，正确运用标点符号。故可翻译为：“It’s a question of money, folks,” I announced. 56．I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness. 【详解】考查时态、形容词、名词。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“感觉”用feel，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式felt。表示“(强烈感情的)突发”用名词surge；表示“巨大的”用形容词huge，作定语，修饰surge。表示“宽慰”用relief，表示“幸福，愉快”用happiness，用并列连词and连接relief和happiness，作a huge surge of的宾语。故翻译为I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness. 57．Dear Tom, From your last letter, I know you want to know who is the great woman I like most. My favorite is Marie Curie, a renowned physicist and chemist. Born in 1871, she was a pioneer in radioactivity research and the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, receiving it twice in her lifetime. I admire Marie for her groundbreaking contributions to science despite the significant challenges she faced as a woman in her era. What inspire me greatly is her dedication and perseverance. Many people regard her as a symbol of tenacity and intelligence, and she has certainly earned a prominent place in the history of science. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，向美国笔Tom绍自己最喜欢的杰出女性。需要提供该女性的基本信息、个人对她喜爱的原因以及大众对她的评价。 【详解】1.词汇积累 著名的：renowned → distinguished 奉献：dedication → devotion 毅力：perseverance → tenacity 显著的：prominent → significant 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：My favorite is Marie Curie, a renowned physicist and chemist. 拓展句：My favorite is Marie Curie, who is a renowned physicist and chemist. 答案第12页，共12页 答案第1页，共12页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$