Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking 语言点课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 Reading and Thinking Tu Youyou Awarded Nobel Prize CONTENTS 目录 01 复述课文 02 词汇精讲 句型精讲 03 Learning objectives 1. To retell the the passage TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE. 2. To learn some important language points in the passage. 3. To master the usage of the important words and sentences. 01 PART 复述课文 A FAMOUS QUOTE Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. ---E.M. Hemingway 人生来不是被打败的。人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。 Title Body Conclusion/Ending Lead Tu Youyou, a commited and patient scientist, was born in China and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After graduation, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, she was chosen by the government to join a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discoveredand tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. 复述课文 Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After a lot of failures, in 1971, Tu Youyou and her team members succeeded. They even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. The medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said the honour belonged to the team behind her and all the people of her country and that the success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. 02 PART 词汇精讲 1. （教材原句）This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. crucial extremely important, because it will affect other things 至关重要的；关键性的 Winning this contract the success of the company. Early diagnosis of the illness successful treatment. Parents preparing their child for school. all students (should) develop these basic skills. is crucial to is crucial for play a crucial role in It is crucial that be crucial to/for… 对……至关重要 play a crucial role/part in… 在……中起至关重要的作用 It is crucial that… ……极其重要。 (that引导的主语从句中谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略) 完成句子 ①球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。 The support of our fans ___________________ our winning the Super Bowl. ②周六，安德森在球队3比2获胜中起了关键作用。 Anderson ____________________________ the team’s 3—2 victory on Saturday. is crucial to/for　 played a crucial role/part in　 即学即练 ③关键是要马上着手处理这一问题。 It is crucial that the problem _______________________ immediately. 单句语法填空 ④Money will be crucial ______ the accomplishment of our objectives. (should) be dealt with　 to　 即学即练 2. （教材原句）Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. vital necessary or essential in order for sth to succeed or exist 必不可少的；对…极重要的 Skillful employees the success of any company. It get medical supplies to the area as soon as possible. we (should) carry out the operation immediately. be vital to/for对……至关重要 It is vital to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的。 It is vital that… ……是至关重要的。 are vital to is vital to It’s vital that 单句语法填空 ①Understanding history is vital ______understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. ②It is vital that enough money __________________ (collect) to fund the project. ③It is vital for a journalist __________(keep) accurate records. to　 (should) be collected　 to keep　 即学即练 完成句子 ④________________(……是至关重要的) we should recycle whatever we can to cut down the cost. ⑤_____________(……是至关重要的) to keep the safety rules in mind. It is vital that　 It is vital　 3． （教材原句）Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. committed (approving) willing to work hard and give your time and energy to sth; believing strongly in sth. a committed member of the team 忠于职守的队员 They are committed socialists. 他们是坚定的社会主义者 In addition to her research, she environmental protection. has been committed to be committed to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事很坚定；承诺(做)某事 He has committed a crime and should be sent to prison. If someone commits suicide, they deliberately kill themselves. I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays. The President is committed to reforming health care. Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan. 借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。 Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. commit a crime犯罪 commit a mistake/an error犯错误 commit suicide/murder自杀/谋杀 commit sb. /oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证做某事 commit oneself to do sth 承诺/保证做某事 commitment n. [C，U]许诺，承诺；[U](对工作或活动的)献身，奉献，投入；[C，U](资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用 make a commitment to sb. /sth. 对某人/某物作出承诺 make a commitment to do sth. 保证/承诺做某事 She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment. 她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。 The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. 这家公司保证供货质优价廉的承诺对它的成功起了决定性的作用。 单句语法填空 ①And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ______________(commit) Wilson made to preventing the preventable. ②He quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was _____________(commit) to practicing it. ③He has committed himself _____________ the cause of education. commitment　 committed　 to　 即学即练 完成句子 ④This development area _________________(致力于) creating a perfect investment environment. ⑤There’s no doubt that her colleague ___________________(犯了罪) and was put into prison. ⑥If you are serious about our relationship, you should __________ ___________ (做出承诺). is committed to　 committed a crime　 make a commitment　 4．（教材原句）Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. evaluate vt. to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after thinking about it carefully 估计；评价；评估 I cannot evaluate his ability without seeing his work. Learn to evaluate all situations you find. evaluation n. 评估，估算 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system. 单句语法填空 ①The effects of the drug on patients’ behaviour are extremely difficult ______________(evaluate). ②It is widely acknowledged that students should _______________ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality. ③We need to carry out a proper ______________(evaluate) of the new system. 完成句子 ④The school has only been open for six months, so it’s hard to ___________________ (评估它的成功). to evaluate　 be evaluated　 evaluation　 evaluate its success　 即学即练 5．（教材原句） From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. distinct adj. ①easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc. ②clearly different or of a different kind Although these two concepts are quite distinct from each other, students can’t distinguish them. While the teacher’s voice was quiet, every word was distinct. (1) It is distinct that… 很明显…… (2) be distinct from… in… 在……方面与……不同 (＝be different from… in… ) distinction n. [C，U]a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related 差别；区分；卓著 make/draw a distinction区分开来；区别对待 the distinction between A and B　A与B之间的差别 distinctions between traditional and modern societies 传统社会和现代社会的差别 Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science. 哲学家过去习惯不把艺术和科学区别开来。 We need to draw a distinction between the two events. 我们得把两起事件区别开来。 单句语法填空 ①Gold is distinct ________ iron. ②There is a fine ______________(distinct) between the two words. ③We must make a distinction ___________ formal language and informal language. ④The two essays are distinct from each other ______ style. from　 distinction　 between　 in　 即学即练 完成句子 ⑤It’s difficult for a child to _____________________________________ (明辨是非). ⑥_____________________________(……是明显的) smoking is harmful to our health. make a distinction between right and wrong　 It is distinct/obvious/evident that　 6．（教材原句）They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. obtain vt. to get sth, especially by making an effort （尤指经努力）获得，赢得 Only with a firm determination will we obtain such change. 只有坚定信念我们才能取得这样的改变。 And one will not obtain any applicable skills. 并且一个人并不能获得实用技能。 They obtained a loan from the government. 他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款。 (1)obtain from… 从……中获得/取得 obtain sth. 获得/取得某物 (2)obtainable adj. 可获得的；可得到的 单句语法填空 ①Some of the salt that we use is obtained ________ the sea. ②We can obtain experience ___________ constant practice. ③These are the results ____________(obtain) through these surveys. 完成句子 ④You should ____________________(获得允许) from the headteacher before you leave school. ⑤Both of these books can __________________(从……中得到) the library. from　 through　 obtained　 obtain permission　 be obtained from　 即学即练 7．（教材原句）Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. acknowledge vt. to accept that sth is true 承认（属实） They acknowledged having given up the ship at last. They acknowledged that the topic they were discussing was related to national security. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses. (1)acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事 acknowledge that… 承认…… acknowledge… as/to be… 认为……是…… It is generally/widely acknowledged that… 普遍认为…… (2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 He is widely acknowledged as/to be It is widely acknowledged that he is the best player in the world 普遍认为他是世界最佳球员 单句语法填空 ①Her years of hard work have finally ______________________ (acknowledge) after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. ②I started to acknowledge failure ______ exactly what it is: an unavoidable part of everyone’s life—nothing more and nothing less. ③This setting determines when the secondary server sends an ___________________(acknowledge) to the primary server. been acknowledged 　 as　 acknowledgement　 即学即练 判断下列句子中acknowledge的含义 ④The film festival is acknowledged as an event of international importance. ____________________ ⑤We wish to acknowledge the support of the university. ______________ 完成句子 ⑥彼得承认未通过驾照考试。 Peter _______________________________________________________ the driving test. ⑦________________________________________(普遍认为……) getting up early is beneficial to health. 承认(权威、地位)　 (公开) 感谢　 acknowledged not passing/acknowledged that he hadn’t passed　 It is widely/generally acknowledged that　 即学即练 8．（教材原句）Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. defeat n. failure to win or to be successful 失败；战败；挫败 vt. to win against sb in a war, competition, sports game, etc.击败；战胜 This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day. He declared that we are to defeat those who attempted to tear the world down in time. defeat sb. 击败某人 suffer a serious defeat遭受严重的挫败 宾语为对手时，两者可通用 defeat的宾语通常是敌人 beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等 表示在竞争中取得胜利 宾语多是game，match，race，election，prize等 不能接人，但可说win over sb.(把某人争取过来) win defeat/ beat defeat/beat与win 单句语法填空 ①Most of you really believe that the way you get to what you do want is ____________(defeat) what you do not want. ②Hitler refused to acknowledge the fact that he himself _____________ (defeat) by the people in the end. ③They ___________________(遭遇失败) in the battle. ④It was lack of effort, not of money, that __________________(使他们的计划失败). ⑤This time our team _______________(被击败) by 2 goals to 5． to defeat　 was defeated　 suffered a defeat　 defeated their plan　 was defeated　 即学即练 辨析填空：defeat/beat/win ⑥—Did you watch the football match last night? —Yes, that’s a most close one, and eventually neither side could _______________ the other. ⑦Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will _______ a prize in the Kite Festival. ⑧We ________ them in the game last Sunday and finally we _______ the match. defeat/beat　 win　 beat　 won　 即学即练 9. （教材原句）Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. draw out =take out He drew out from his luggage a box wrapped in coloured paper and gave it to his son. The final question drew the meeting out for another hour. With the approach of spring the days begin to draw out. 延长 (白昼)渐长 draw up起草，拟定 draw in(天黑)渐早，(白昼)渐短 draw back后退；撤回 用draw的相关短语完成句子 ①I ___________ a piece of paper from the drawer, intending to write something to describe this special day. ②They agreed to establish a working party to __________ a formal agreement. ③At yesterday’s meeting, the director ___________ his speech to almost two hours. drew out　 draw up　 drew out　 即学即练 10．（教材原句）Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. insist on ① to demand sth and refuse to be persuaded to accept anything else 坚决要求；② to continue doing sth even though other people think it is annoying 执意继续做 She insisted on/upon (our) going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable. You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right. Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong. My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first. insist后接that从句时，有两种情况： ①表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 ②表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。 She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station. 她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。 单句语法填空 ①The man insisted ______ finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. ②He insisted that he ___________(do) nothing wrong and _________________(set) free. 完成句子 ③My sister ______________________________(坚持说她是无辜的). on　 had done　 (should) be set　 insisted that she was innocent　 即学即练 一句多译 爸爸坚持要求我们每天至少要学一样新东西。 ④Papa _______________________________ at least one new thing every day. (insist that. ) ⑤Papa _________________________ at least one new thing every day. (insist on) insisted that we (should) learn　 insisted on our learning　 即学即练 04 PART 句型精讲 Sentence 1 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。 这是一个简单句。and连接两个并列的谓语has become与is thought。 be thought to do sth. 被认为……，该句型可以转化为It is/was thought that… 。 本句可以转化为：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and it is thought that artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone。 “主语＋be thought＋不定式”句型 该句型的具体用法为： (1)该结构意为“……被认为……”，不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即： The vase is thought to be worth a lot of money. 人们认为这个花瓶值许多钱。 Chinese is thought to be spoken even more widely in the world in the future. 人们认为汉语将来在世界上的使用会更加广泛。 Loulan is thought to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from A．D．200 to A．D．400． 人们认为，楼兰在公元200年至公元400年之间被沙尘暴渐渐吞没。 (2)该句型可与“It’s thought that… ”互换。 He is thought to be a learned and modest scholar. ＝ It’s thought that he is a learned and modest scholar. 他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。 (3)常用于该句型的过去分词还有said，believed，considered，hoped，reported等。 I haven’t seen Jack for many years. He is said to be living in China now. ＝ I haven’t seen Jack for many years. It’s said that he is living in China now. 我很多年没有见到杰克了。据说，他现在在中国定居。 单句语法填空 ① ______ is thought that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself. ②My family has a vase, which ___________ (think) to date back to the Ming Dynasty. 完成句子 ③The mayor ________________(据报道) visit our school next week. ④ _____________________________(普遍认为) a good education is beneficial to young people. It　 is thought　 is reported to　 It is generally believed that　 即学即练 ⑤An agreement ____________________________________(被宣布已达成) at the end of the meeting. 同义句转换 ⑥It is thought that the Chinese people started to use paper money earlier than westerners. →The Chinese people _____________________ to use paper money earlier than westerners. was announced to have been reached　 are thought to start　 即学即练 Sentence 2 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said… 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说…… 在本句中，“介词upon＋动词－ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。Upon还可转换为介词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”。 Upon realizing the importance of environmental protecting，our government takes effective measures to manage it. 一意识到环境保护的重要性，我们的政府就采取了有效的治理措施。 Last year，upon their return to the country，the girls of the women’s volleyball team received praise and flowers. 去年，女排姑娘们一回国，就收到了赞誉和鲜花。 “一……就……”的句型小结 (1)As soon as/Once/When＋时间状语从句，＋主句 (2)The moment/instant/second/minute＋时间状语从句，＋主句 (3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly＋时间状语从句，＋主句 (4)On/Upon＋动名词/名词，＋主句 (5)No sooner had＋主语＋过去分词……＋(从句) than＋主语＋动词的过去式 No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被要求出另一次差。 (6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely＋had＋主语＋过去分词……＋(从句) when/before＋动词的过去式 Hardly had she gone out when it began to snow. 她刚出门，天就开始下雪了。 单句语法填空 ①How did the author feel ___________ his arrival in the Amazon? ②I will go there ____________(direct) I have finished my breakfast. ③ _______ moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. ④ ______ soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. ⑤ ____________(when) that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he is about to tell lies. on/upon　 directly　 The　 As　 Whenever　 即学即练 ⑥Upon ____________________(arrive) at the office, our English teacher began to get down to his work. 句型转换 ⑦As soon as she heard the exciting news, she jumped with joy. →_________________ the exciting news, she jumped with joy. arriving/arrival　 Upon/On hearing　 即学即练 be thought＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to do常表示一般情况或动作将要发生,to be doing表示动作正在进行,to have done表示动作已完成,to be done表示被动且动作将要发生,to have been done表示被动且动作已完成)) $$