精品解析：江苏省南京市中华中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期初调研英语试题

中华中学2025届高三期初调研模前模考试 高三英语 本卷考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What time are the speakers meeting Paul? A. At 6:30. B. At 7:30. C. At 8:00. 2. What is the woman excited about? A. Celebrating her birthday. B. Visiting her sister. C. Getting a driver’s license. 3. Who is responsible for the incident according to the man? A. Himself. B. The woman. C. Peter. 4. How does the man feel about the woman’s words? A. Surprised. B. Uninterested. C. Nervous. 5 What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Professor and student. 第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why is the woman late? A. She could not find the man’s company. B. She was waiting for an assistant. C. She had to park far away. 7. What will the man do in the afternoon? A. Lock a room. B. Change a light. C. Conduct an interview. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What are the speakers discussing? A. Planning a schedule. B. Choosing a destination. C. Booking a trip. 9. How will the speakers explore the city today? A. By bus. B. By bike. C. On foot. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does Trudy say about the buyer? A. He will pay what the owner wants. B. He thinks the house needs repairs. C. He wants one more tour of the house. 11. What did Trudy talk about with the buyer? A. The moving date. B. The decoration details. C. The available furniture. 12. What will the man de this Friday? A. Find a new house. B. Sign a deal. C. Move out. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why does Barbara do her research secretly? A. To gain fame as a journalist. B. To get firsthand experience. C. To avoid interviews with people. 14. How long did Barbara spend doing low-wage jobs? A. One month. B. Three months. C. Four months. 15. What did Barbara discover during the research? A. The jobs didn’t require much effort. B. The wages couldn’t cover the rents. C. The workers’ lives were tough. 16. How does Barbara describe her book? A. Informative. B. Profitable. C. Well-structured. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did a recent study reveal about gardening? A. Older people tend to do gardening. B. Gardening is suitable for all age groups. C. More young people enjoy gardening than the elderly. 18. What percentage of participants like buying gardening items? A. About 60%. B. About 67%. C. About 78%. 19. Where do the participants like doing gardening the most? A. In the living rooms. B. On the balconies. C. On the kitchen windows. 20. What does the speaker mention at last? A. The benefits of gardening. B. The key to gardening. C. The types of gardening. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Social engineering refers to the practice of using non-technical methods to trick people into doing something that gives away sensitive information. Here, watch this case ... THE ATTACK 1 The SETUP: Marketing Director, Marcus, receives a call from a super friendly voice… “Hi, Marcus, it’s Sandra from your bank. I’m sure you’ve heard about those recent Internet attacks. We’re making sure none of our customers were affected. I just need you to head to a website that will confirm the integrity of your account. Here’s the URL.” 2. The TRICK: Marcus has heard about the attacks, so he goes to the site and puts in his info. Sandra didn’t ask him for his password, so he thinks he’s safe. 3. The BREACH: Malware, or malicious software, infects the corporate network and begins to steal data: ·Customer data ·Intellectual property ·Financial records 40% of all breaches (破坏) involve the use of malware THE DEFENSE 1. NOTIFICATION: Security Analyst, Ray, gets a notification and report via email. Alert! Unusual activity on network after hours 2. PATTERN DETECTION: Ray uses additional security analytics and visualization to identify an attack pattern and search for similar activity on the network: Incoming phone # and geographic location Domain where download occurred MD5 hash of the malware file 3. CORRECTIVE MEASURE: In seconds, he identifies the threat and takes action: Takes infected hosts offline Blocks malicious domain Creates alerts Sets an alert to flag the MD5 hash even if the attackers’ phone or domain changes Informs Marcus 4. ? : Natalie, Chief Information Officer, reviews the event and, pleased with Ray’s response, adds network behaviour analysis to their response procedure. She also launches an employee training program in the hope of reducing major security risks and increasing employees’ security awareness. 1. It can be learned from “THE ATTACK” that ________. A. Sandra asks Marcus for his password B. Marcus steals the key corporate data C The attacker gains Marcus’s trust first D. Sandra is a senior director of the bank 2. Which of the following best fits the “?” in step ④of “THE DEFENSE”? A. LESSON B. HEALTH C. PROGRAM D. FINANCE 3. Which of the following is covered in the case? A. What loss the company has suffered. B. How Marcus regretted receiving the call. C. What Natalie has found about the domain. D. How effectively Ray responded to the attack. B I arrived home from work, my mind racing. I was scheduled to perform an experiment using a pricey piece of equipment, but I had spent the whole day worrying about the experiment which was on the top of my agenda (日程), and I amazingly longed to shut off my anxious thoughts. So after dinner, I made a cup of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bears comprising a wonderful world distinct (不同的) from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed. Growing up, I was virtually never a big fan of novels. My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book, while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my academic fields for better grades. After I started graduate school, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn’t handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home, too. So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again. To help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s resolution: I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year. The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork. What surprised me the most was how much I learned. Some of the best books I read were historical fictional stories happening in a realistic historical setting. I learned about life in different countries, as well as struggles people there faced during difficult periods in their histories. The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul. 4. What did the author do to wipe out the anxiety? A. He drowned it in chocolate. B. He conducted an experiment. C. He slept on the sofa leisurely. D. He escaped into a fantasy world. 5. What does the author mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2? A. Reading novels was a waste of time. B. Reading a good book was time well spent. C. He was too busy to take good care of his books. D. The Harry Potter book wasn’t as good as expected. 6. How did the New Year’s resolution benefit the author? A. More sympathy went out to him. B. His moral values were strengthened. C He learned much about religious diversity. D. He gained new insight into his academic fields. 7. What’s the best title of the text? A. Reading: A Lifelong Hobby B. The Power of Research Papers C. Novels: Love at Second Sight D. The Benefits of History Reading C Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves. Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “Who dropped the ball?” instead of “Where did our systems and processes fail?” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, so the problem does not happen again. The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic consequences： These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exists when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or ‘a server goes down. There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely. 8. According to the research published in 2015, companies that ________ had better performance. A. blamed external factors B. owned up to mistakes C. conducted investigations D. admitted failures 9. According to the passage, the No Blame Culture ________. A. encourages the early disclosure of errors B. only exists in high reliability organizations C. enables people to shift the blame onto others D. prevents organizations to learn from errors 10. What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage? A. Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure. B. Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees. C. The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear. D. People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes B. How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations C. Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work D. How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture D While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors — drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing, a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same mental symptoms. These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. The study’s authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking and high media use. Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression. The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so larger — nearly one third of our sample — that it became a key finding of the study.” Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders. 12. Which teenager probably belongs to the “invisible group”? A. A teenager who drinks frequently. B. A teenager who exercises regularly. C. A teenager who skips school. D. A teenager who suffers from a lack of sleep. 13. What can we know about the new study? A. It was conducted by analyzing and comparing the previous data. B. It was intended to dig into the reasons for depression. C. It revealed an alarming rate of the invisible group suffering depression. D. Its findings were under expectation of the research team. 14. What is Carli’s attitude toward the findings? A. Conservative. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Indifferent. 15. The author wrote this passage to ________. A. introduce a new therapy for teens’ mental disorder B. warn about the unobserved signals for teens’ mental problems C. share a novel psychological experiment with teens D. caution teens against developing unhealthy habits 第二节：（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The following life suggestions come from some famous writers, which we expect to offer you some great insights into your daily life. ___16___ If your happiness depends on your feeling superior to others (intellectually, morally, etc.) ___17___ Though you might mature at a faster rate than some of your fellow humans, you will never be superior to another person. Focus instead on improving your own character and making progress toward becoming the person you want to be. Remember you’ll always regret what you didn’t do rather than what you did You’re more likely to regret opportunities you didn’t take than the stupid mistakes you made. At least in the latter cases, you did something rather than stick to what was normal and safe for you. ___18___ You’d worry less about what people think of you if you knew how seldom they do People have their own lives to live and their own issues to work on. If they spend any time thinking of you, it’s not likely to be much. ___19___ Stop stressing over what they might think of something you said or did. Chances are, they’ve already forgotten. If the grass is greener on the other side, there’s probably more fertilizer there If someone else’s life looks better than yours — it’s likely because they’ve put in a lot of effort and hardship to get there. You don’t see what they’ve suffered or what they’ve had to overcome to get to where they are now. ___20___ Be open and receptive to the blessings and the challenges that come your way. A. No one grows and develops by staying in their comfort zone. B. Nobility (崇高，高尚) lies in mutual trust and firm belief C. So, stop worrying about what other people think of you. D. Focus instead on laying a foundation of gratitude for the life you want. E. True nobility is being superior to your former self F. you would achieve more accomplishments. G. you’re your own worst enemy. 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dads have a language all their own, one that’s not difficult to decode. “Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his ___21___ of “Hello, hope you are well.” Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and ___22___ an inquiry about the oil, with not a lot in between. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of ___23___ advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle. Why can’t we fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”? The point is: That’s ___24___what we are saying. You just have to ___25___ from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase “I love you” can be heard in the ___26___ lengthier “I could come around Saturday and replace the silicon seal around the base of your toilet because I___27___that thing is getting really smelly.” The___28___phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard,___29___ the gist is there in the more common “I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.” When I was 17, I went on my first road trip. My father stood on the corner in the predawn of a cold morning to ____30____ us farewell. “Highways are dangerous,” he said, “so don’t try ____31____ anything faster than a horse and buggy. And take a break every two hours. And____32____you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his____33____was pretty funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy, horse-and-buggy” every time I____34____the accelerator to overtake some other speeding vehicle. Dad’s long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a____35____of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that what my friend and I so casually mocked was simply Dad’s attempt at affection. 21. A. version B. expression C. explanation D. direction 22. A. talk about B. wrestle with C. carry out D. end with 23. A. practical B. technical C. detailed D. important 24. A. basically B. never C. exactly D. seldom 25. A. translate B. transport C. switch D. learn 26. A. simply B. slightly C. lightly D. absolutely 27. A. hear B. figure C. complain D. define 28. A. lovable B. attachable C. passionate D. affectionate 29. A. unless B. because C. but D. and 30 A. wave B. guide C. pick D. accompany 31. A. overlooking B. overturning C. overtaking D. overcoming 32. A. next time B. every time C. until D. before 33. A. warning B. demand C. speech D. chant 34. A. floored B. touched C. pressured D. check 35. A. list B. copy C. picture D. right 第二节：（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At this Paris Olympics, the Chinese sports delegation achieved excellent results with 40 gold medals, 27silver medals, and 24 bronze medals, medals, creating the best performance in overseas___36___(involve). Breakthroughs in basic major events and potential___37___(advantage) events became a major highlight of this Olympics. The men’s 100-meter freestyle athlete set a new world record,___38___enabled the Chinese national anthem to be played beside the swimming pool. Events___39___synchronized swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and women’s boxing all achieved the breakthrough of zero Olympic gold medals. The canoeing slalom event won two gold medals for the first time at a single Olympics, and the freestyle BMX event even won the first Olympic gold medal. Many young “post-00s” athletes became the protagonists on the field. With the vitality of youth and___40___(tear) courage, they showed the world the style of a new generation of Chinese athletes. They dared to fight and compete in the face of pressure, broke through ___41___(they) in the face of challenges, and left unforgettable moments on the field with confident and calm postures and firm beliefs. It is worth___42___(note) that while pursuing excellent results, the athletes of the Chinese sports delegation always ___43___(stick) to a good sports spirit and moral style. They respected their opponents and referees and interpreted the connotation of the Olympic spirit with practical actions. The outstanding performance of the Chinese sports delegation at the Paris Olympics not only won glory for the motherland ___44___inspired more Chinese people____45____(devote) themselves to sports. Their struggles s and efforts will become a brilliant beacon on the road of Chinese sports development. 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节：（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，最近收到好友Ben来信，信中说他因为使用人工智能完成翻译作业而受到老师批评，请你写一封回信，内容包括：1.你的宽慰；2.对使用人工智能完成作业的看法；3.你的建议。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Ben, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节：（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 School was over, the day was fading and it started to rain. I stood at the school gate, with a loaded backpack on my shoulders. It was Friday again — a weekend of joy with unlimited sleeping hours and dinner courses specially made to my taste. I waved goodbye to my friends as they jumped into their fathers’ warm and comfortable cars. Curiously, this gave rise to a disturbing feeling in me. It was not exactly what they called jealousy, but something like depression. I knew all 1 could expect was an old bike Mom would ride along on, with the badly-oiled chain creaking against the wheel to announce her arrival. Every Friday when Mom came to pick me up, it was a moment full of great expectation and great unease. I always felt my face burning as we rode our way in and out of the cars and saw my friends’ faces sticking out of the car windows. It was like stepping into a ballroom with beautifully dressed ladies and finding yourself in a smelly T-shirt. To tell you the truth, Mom is quite a headache occasionally. She looks like a homely middle-aged housewife. She knits most of my sweaters, chiefly in old styles. Whenever caught by some curious classmates asking what brand my sweaters are, I’d force a smile and reply in a half-joking manner: homemade. She simply doesn’t seem to understand what’s in fashion; Chanel or Gucci means nothing to her. I couldn’t remember when l started to find her such an embarrassment. As a little boy, I relied on her so much. She had been working at home, cooking in the kitchen, knitting by the lamp, or riding across town to buy me a book 1 badly needed. It had always been fun riding with her. I had enjoyed watching our shadows growing longer and shorter in an alternate fashion by the light of the streetlamps along the road. Just now there seemed to be something standing between us, something that made her so strange to me and me to her. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Today Mom showed up in a raincoat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mom tried to cover me with the raincoat again as a storm set in. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 中华中学2025届高三期初调研模前模考试 高三英语 本卷考试时间：120分钟 总分：150分 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What time are the speakers meeting Paul? A. At 6:30. B. At 7:30. C. At 8:00. 2. What is the woman excited about? A. Celebrating her birthday. B. Visiting her sister. C. Getting a driver’s license. 3. Who is responsible for the incident according to the man? A. Himself. B. The woman. C. Peter. 4. How does the man feel about the woman’s words? A. Surprised. B. Uninterested. C. Nervous. 5. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Colleagues. C. Professor and student. 第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why is the woman late? A. She could not find the man’s company. B. She was waiting for an assistant. C. She had to park far away. 7. What will the man do in the afternoon? A. Lock a room. B. Change a light. C. Conduct an interview. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What are the speakers discussing? A. Planning a schedule. B. Choosing a destination. C. Booking a trip. 9. How will the speakers explore the city today? A. By bus. B. By bike. C. On foot. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does Trudy say about the buyer? A. He will pay what the owner wants. B. He thinks the house needs repairs. C. He wants one more tour of the house. 11. What did Trudy talk about with the buyer? A. The moving date. B. The decoration details. C. The available furniture. 12. What will the man de this Friday? A. Find a new house. B. Sign a deal. C. Move out. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why does Barbara do her research secretly? A. To gain fame as a journalist. B. To get firsthand experience. C. To avoid interviews with people. 14. How long did Barbara spend doing low-wage jobs? A. One month. B. Three months. C. Four months. 15. What did Barbara discover during the research? A. The jobs didn’t require much effort. B. The wages couldn’t cover the rents. C. The workers’ lives were tough. 16. How does Barbara describe her book? A. Informative. B. Profitable. C. Well-structured. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did a recent study reveal about gardening? A. Older people tend to do gardening. B. Gardening is suitable for all age groups. C. More young people enjoy gardening than the elderly. 18. What percentage of participants like buying gardening items? A. About 60%. B. About 67%. C. About 78%. 19. Where do the participants like doing gardening the most? A. In the living rooms. B. On the balconies. C. On the kitchen windows. 20. What does the speaker mention at last? A. The benefits of gardening. B. The key to gardening. C. The types of gardening. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Social engineering refers to the practice of using non-technical methods to trick people into doing something that gives away sensitive information. Here watch this case ... THE ATTACK 1. The SETUP: Marketing Director, Marcus, receives a call from a super friendly voice… “Hi, Marcus, it’s Sandra from your bank. I’m sure you’ve heard about those recent Internet attacks. We’re making sure none of our customers were affected. I just need you to head to a website that will confirm the integrity of your account. Here’s the URL.” 2. The TRICK: Marcus has heard about the attacks, so he goes to the site and puts in his info. Sandra didn’t ask him for his password, so he thinks he’s safe. 3. The BREACH: Malware, or malicious software, infects the corporate network and begins to steal data: ·Customer data ·Intellectual property ·Financial records 40% of all breaches (破坏) involve the use of malware THE DEFENSE 1. NOTIFICATION: Security Analyst, Ray, gets a notification and report via email. Alert! Unusual activity on network after hours 2. PATTERN DETECTION: Ray uses additional security analytics and visualization to identify an attack pattern and search for similar activity on the network: Incoming phone # and geographic location Domain where download occurred MD5 hash of the malware file 3. CORRECTIVE MEASURE: In seconds, he identifies the threat and takes action: Takes infected hosts offline Blocks malicious domain Creates alerts Sets an alert to flag the MD5 hash even if the attackers’ phone or domain changes Informs Marcus 4. ? : Natalie, Chief Information Officer, reviews the event and, pleased with Ray’s response, adds network behaviour analysis to their response procedure. She also launches an employee training program in the hope of reducing major security risks and increasing employees’ security awareness. 1. It can be learned from “THE ATTACK” that ________. A. Sandra asks Marcus for his password B. Marcus steals the key corporate data C. The attacker gains Marcus’s trust first D. Sandra is a senior director of the bank 2. Which of the following best fits the “?” in step ④of “THE DEFENSE”? A. LESSON B. HEALTH C. PROGRAM D. FINANCE 3. Which of the following is covered in the case? A. What loss the company has suffered. B. How Marcus regretted receiving the call. C. What Natalie has found about the domain. D. How effectively Ray responded to the attack. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一个非法网络诈骗案以及处理该案件的过程。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。由1. The SETUP:中“Hi, Marcus, it’s Sandra from your bank. I’m sure you’ve heard about those recent Internet attacks. We’re making sure none of our customers were affected. I just need you to head to a website that will confirm the integrity of your account. Here’s the URL.(嗨，马库斯，我是你银行的桑德拉。我相信你听说过最近的网络攻击。我们正在确保我们的客户都没有受到影响。我只需要你去一个网站，确认你的帐户的完整性。这是URL。)”以及2. The TRICK:中“Marcus has heard about the attacks, so he goes to the site and puts in his info. Sandra didn’t ask him for his password, so he thinks he’s safe.(马库斯听说了这些袭击，所以他去了网站并输入了他的信息。桑德拉没有问他的密码，所以他认为自己很安全。)”可推测，攻击者首先赢得了马库斯的信任。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段“Natalie, Chief Information Officer, reviews the event and, pleased with Ray’s response, adds network behaviour analysis to their response procedure. She also launches an employee training program in the hope of reducing major security risks and increasing employees’ security awareness.(首席信息官Natalie对事件进行了审查，并对Ray的回应表示满意，在他们的回应程序中增加了网络行为分析。她还启动了一项员工培训计划，希望减少重大安全风险，提高员工的安全意识。)”可知，这段主要讲通过上面案件所得到的经验教训。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。由文章THE DEFENSE中“Ray uses additional security analytics and visualization to identify an attack pattern and search for similar activity on the network:(Ray使用额外的安全分析和可视化来识别攻击模式，并在网络上搜索类似的活动：)”以及“In seconds, he identifies the threat and takes action:(几秒钟后，他识别出威胁并采取行动：)”可推知，文章讲述了Ray对本次袭击的反应有多有效。故选D项。 B I arrived home from work, my mind racing. I was scheduled to perform an experiment using a pricey piece of equipment, but I had spent the whole day worrying about the experiment which was on the top of my agenda (日程), and I amazingly longed to shut off my anxious thoughts. So after dinner, I made a cup of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bears comprising a wonderful world distinct (不同的) from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed. Growing up, I was virtually never a big fan of novels. My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book, while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my academic fields for better grades. After I started graduate school, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal to me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn’t handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home, too. So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading again. To help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s resolution: I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year. The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork. What surprised me the most was how much I learned. Some of the best books I read were historical fictional stories happening in a realistic historical setting. I learned about life in different countries, as well as struggles people there faced during difficult periods in their histories. The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul. 4. What did the author do to wipe out the anxiety? A. He drowned it in chocolate. B. He conducted an experiment. C. He slept on the sofa leisurely. D. He escaped into a fantasy world. 5. What does the author mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2? A. Reading novels was a waste of time. B. Reading a good book was time well spent. C. He was too busy to take good care of his books. D. The Harry Potter book wasn’t as good as expected. 6. How did the New Year’s resolution benefit the author? A. More sympathy went out to him. B. His moral values were strengthened. C. He learned much about religious diversity. D. He gained new insight into his academic fields. 7. What’s the best title of the text? A. Reading: A Lifelong Hobby B. The Power of Research Papers C. Novels: Love at Second Sight D. The Benefits of History Reading 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者的阅读之旅，随着作者对阅读的投入，作者也真正爱上了阅读。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“So after dinner, I made a cup of hot chocolate, stretched myself on my sofa, and opened a page. Almost instantly, my mind left behind the details of experimental design and stepped into a land of monsters, magic dust, and man-like bears comprising a wonderful world distinct(不同的) from my daily life. It was exactly what I needed. (晚饭后，我泡了一杯热巧克力，躺在沙发上伸伸懒腰，打开了一页书。顷刻之间，我的思绪离开了实验设计的细节，进入了一个充满怪物、魔尘和像人一样的熊的世界，这是一个与我日常生活截然不同的奇妙世界。这正是我所需要的。)”可知，作者消除自己焦虑的方法就是打开一本书，沉浸到一个幻想的世界之中。故选D项。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线句子下一句“Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my academic fields for better grades. (相反，我会选择阅读与我的学科相关的参考书，以获得更好的成绩。)”可知，作者不是不阅读，而是只会阅读与自己学科相关的参考书。由此可知，作者是觉得阅读诸如《哈利波特》这样的小说浪费时间。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The books have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started to think more deeply about the diversity of issues in the scientific community and could serve it, heart and soul. (这些书帮助我建立了同情和理解，带来了一个意想不到的好处：我开始更深入地思考科学界问题的多样性，并可以全心全意地为之服务。)”可推知，作者所阅读的书让他对自己的学科有了新的见解和看法。故选D项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知，作者只会阅读和自己学科相关的书籍，希望自己能取得更好的成绩。根据文章第三段“To help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s resolution: I would read two fiction books per month for the entire year. The result was an almost instant appreciation of fiction, along with many unexpected results including ones that have benefited my schoolwork. (为了帮助我坚持下去，我制定了一个新年计划：一整年每个月读两本小说。结果是，我几乎立刻就对小说产生了欣赏，还有许多意想不到的结果，包括一些对我的学业有益的结果。)”可知，作者开始阅读小说之后有了许多意想不到的结果。由此可知，C项Novels: Love at Second Sight(小说：一见钟情)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。 C Casting blame is natural: it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself. But blame is also harmful. It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes, and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves. Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mom and dad’s punishment if they admit to wrongdoing, in a blaming environment, employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work. Blame culture asks, “Who dropped the ball?” instead of “Where did our systems and processes fail?” The focus is on the individuals, not the processes. It’s much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder, but the more beneficial, exercise of fixing the root cause, so the problem does not happen again. The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible. It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic consequences： These are known as high reliability organizations (HROs) and include hospitals, submarines and airlines. Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations, it’s dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don’t feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors. The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which supervises air traffic across the United States, makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat. The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls. The motive to learn from errors also exists when the risks are lower. That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or ‘a server goes down. There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea of the “just culture”, a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason, a psychologist, addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent (恶意的) will be let off the hook. The line that Britain’s aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point It promises a culture in which people “are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training”. That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely. 8. According to the research published in 2015, companies that ________ had better performance. A. blamed external factors B. owned up to mistakes C. conducted investigations D. admitted failures 9. According to the passage, the No Blame Culture ________. A. encourages the early disclosure of errors B. only exists in high reliability organizations C. enables people to shift the blame onto others D. prevents organizations to learn from errors 10. What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage? A. Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure. B. Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees. C. The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear. D. People won’t learn their lessons if they aren’t blamed for failures. 11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes B. How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations C. Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work D. How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了“指责文化”和“无指责文化”在组织和机构中的影响和作用。指出了指责的自然性和危害性，解释了它在高风险组织（如医院、潜艇和航空公司）中的起源和重要性。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.(2015年发表的研究表明，那些经理将失败归咎于外部因素的公司表现不如那些自己承担责任的公司。)”可知，表现更好的公司是那些能够自己承认错误的公司。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by employees as early as possible.(无指责文化被引入是为了确保员工能尽早地指出错误和缺陷。)”可知，无指责文化鼓励员工尽早指出错误和缺陷。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault? Sometimes, after all, blame is deserved.(如果网站一直崩溃，而且是同一个人犯的错怎么办？毕竟，有时候指责是应得的。)”可知，对于在错误不断发生且责任明确时，如果不进行指责，人们是否会从中吸取教训的担忧。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讨论了无指责文化（No Blame Culture）的引入、目的、优点以及存在的担忧，强调了在工作环境中停止指责游戏的重要性。文章从多个角度分析了无指责文化的好处，并指出了传统指责文化可能带来的问题，如破坏团队氛围、影响问题解决等。选项C“Why We Should Stop the Blame Game at Work(为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责游戏)”直接对应了文章的主题，即提倡在工作环境中停止指责游戏，转而采用无指责文化来解决问题。故选C。 D While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors — drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing, a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same mental symptoms. These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. The study’s authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking and high media use. Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression. The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so larger — nearly one third of our sample — that it became a key finding of the study.” Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders. 12. Which teenager probably belongs to the “invisible group”? A. A teenager who drinks frequently. B. A teenager who exercises regularly. C. A teenager who skips school. D. A teenager who suffers from a lack of sleep. 13. What can we know about the new study? A. It was conducted by analyzing and comparing the previous data. B. It was intended to dig into the reasons for depression. C. It revealed an alarming rate of the invisible group suffering depression. D. Its findings were under expectation of the research team. 14. What is Carli’s attitude toward the findings? A. Conservative. B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Indifferent. 15. The author wrote this passage to ________. A. introduce a new therapy for teens’ mental disorder B. warn about the unobserved signals for teens’ mental problems C. share a novel psychological experiment with teens D. caution teens against developing unhealthy habits 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，研究发现除了传统上被认为具有高风险的青少年（如酗酒、吸烟、逃学等）外，还存在另一类几乎同样处于危险中的青少年群体，即那些过度使用媒体、睡眠不足且生活方式不爱活动的青少年。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors.(这些青少年使用大量的媒体，睡眠不足，久坐不动。当然，这可能听起来像是对地球上每一个青少年的描述。但该研究警告说，那些极端地从事这三种行为的青少年才是真正处于危险境地的人。因为他们的行为通常不会被视为危险信号，这些年轻人被该研究的作者称为“隐形风险”群体。)”可知，“隐形风险”组是指那些过度使用媒体、睡眠不足且生活方式不爱活动的青少年。故乡D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.(在所有九种危险行为中得分较高的那一组最有可能出现抑郁症状;总的来说，这一组中有近15%的人患有抑郁症，而低风险组中只有4%的人患有抑郁症。但隐形人群的情况并不比高危人群差多少，其中超过13%的人表现出抑郁。)”可知，研究揭示了“隐形风险”组青少年患抑郁症的惊人比例，即超过13%的该组青少年表现出抑郁症状，这与高风险组的比例相近。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says. “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so larger--nearly one third of our sample—that it became a key finding of the study.”(这些发现让Carli措手不及。“我们没有预料到这一点，”他说。“高风险组和低风险组是显而易见的，但第三组不仅出乎意料。它是如此独特，如此之大——几乎占我们样本的三分之一——这成为了这项研究的一个关键发现。”)”可知，Carli对研究结果感到意外，没有预料到会有这样的发现，因此他对研究结果的态度是怀疑的。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.(Carli说，他的研究最重要的一点是，它为父母、老师和精神卫生保健提供者提供了新的早期预警信号。他说，对心理健康问题的早期识别、支持和治疗是防止它们演变成全面失调的最好方法。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了除了传统的高风险行为外，还存在一类“隐形风险”的青少年，他们的行为通常不被视为危险信号，但实际上他们同样处于心理健康问题的危险之中。文章通过这项研究的结果，旨在提醒人们注意这些未被注意到的信号，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了警告人们关注青少年的心理健康问题中这些不易被察觉的方面。故选B。 第二节：（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The following life suggestions come from some famous writers, which we expect to offer you some great insights into your daily life. ___16___ If your happiness depends on your feeling superior to others (intellectually, morally, etc.) ___17___ Though you might mature at a faster rate than some of your fellow humans, you will never be superior to another person. Focus instead on improving your own character and making progress toward becoming the person you want to be. Remember you’ll always regret what you didn’t do rather than what you did You’re more likely to regret opportunities you didn’t take than the stupid mistakes you made. At least in the latter cases, you did something rather than stick to what was normal and safe for you. ___18___ You’d worry less about what people think of you if you knew how seldom they do People have their own lives to live and their own issues to work on. If they spend any time thinking of you, it’s not likely to be much. ___19___ Stop stressing over what they might think of something you said or did. Chances are, they’ve already forgotten. If the grass is greener on the other side, there’s probably more fertilizer there If someone else’s life looks better than yours — it’s likely because they’ve put in a lot of effort and hardship to get there. You don’t see what they’ve suffered or what they’ve had to overcome to get to where they are now. ___20___ Be open and receptive to the blessings and the challenges that come your way. A. No one grows and develops by staying in their comfort zone. B. Nobility (崇高，高尚) lies in mutual trust and firm belief C. So, stop worrying about what other people think of you. D. Focus instead on laying a foundation of gratitude for the life you want. E. True nobility is being superior to your former self F. you would achieve more accomplishments. G. you’re your own worst enemy. 【答案】16. E 17. G 18. A 19. C 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍来自一些著名作家生活建议。 【16题详解】 由下文“Though you might mature at a faster rate than some of your fellow humans, you will never be superior to another person. Focus instead on improving your own character and making progress toward becoming the person you want to be.(虽然你可能比你的一些人类同胞成熟得更快，但你永远不会比别人优越。相反，专注于改善自己的性格，朝着成为你想成为的人迈进。)”可知，这里主要讲不要通过他人建立优越感，而应注重自身内在的提升。而E项True nobility is being superior to your former self(真正的高贵是超越过去的自己)符合语境，对本段有总括作用，其中superior to your former self与下文making progress toward becoming the person you want to be对应。故选E项。 【17题详解】 由上文“If your happiness depends on your feeling superior to others (intellectually, morally, etc.)(如果你的幸福取决于你比别人优越的感觉（智力、道德等）”可知，这里讲通过与别人对比寻求幸福，本句为条件状语从句，后面应接主句。而G项you’re your own worst enemy.(你是自己最大的敌人。)符合语境，与前面句子构成条件关系，有承上作用。故选G项。 【18题详解】 由上文“You’re more likely to regret opportunities you didn’t take than the stupid mistakes you made. At least in the latter cases, you did something rather than stick to what was normal and safe for you.(你更有可能后悔没有抓住的机会，而不是犯下的愚蠢错误。至少在后一种情况下，你做了一些事情，而不是坚持生活在对你来说正常和安全的环境中。)”可知，这里主要讲要走出自己的舒适区去做事情，而不是后悔没有做。而A项No one grows and develops by staying in their comfort zone.(没有人会因为呆在自己的舒适区而成长和发展。)符合语境，其中their comfort zone与上文what was normal and safe for you对应，有承上作用。故选A项。 【19题详解】 由上文“People have their own lives to live and their own issues to work on. If they spend any time thinking of you, it’s not likely to be much. (人们有自己的生活要过，有自己的问题要解决。如果他们花时间评价你，那也不太可能。)”可知，人们有自己的事需要关注，没有时间过多评价你。而C项So, stop worrying about what other people think of you.(所以，不要担心别人怎么看你。)符合语境，其中 think of you与上文对应，有承上作用。故选C项。 【20题详解】 由上文“If someone else’s life looks better than yours—it’s likely because they’ve put in a lot of effort and hardship to get there. You don’t see what they’ve suffered or what they’ve had to overcome to get to where they are now.(如果别人的生活看起来比你的好，那可能是因为他们付出了很多努力和艰辛。你看不到他们经历了什么，或者他们为了达到现在的成就而必须克服什么。)”可知，这里主要讲不要只看到别人生活好的一面。而D项Focus instead on laying a foundation of gratitude for the life you want.(相反，要专注于为你想要的生活奠定感恩的基础。)符合语境，instead表示与上文形成转折，有承上作用。故选D项。 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dads have a language all their own, one that’s not difficult to decode. “Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his ___21___ of “Hello, hope you are well.” Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil and ___22___ an inquiry about the oil, with not a lot in between. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of ___23___ advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle. Why can’t we fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”? The point is: That’s ___24___what we are saying. You just have to ___25___ from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase “I love you” can be heard in the ___26___ lengthier “I could come around Saturday and replace the silicon seal around the base of your toilet because I___27___that thing is getting really smelly.” The___28___phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard,___29___ the gist is there in the more common “I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.” When I was 17, I went on my first road trip. My father stood on the corner in the predawn of a cold morning to ____30____ us farewell. “Highways are dangerous,” he said, “so don’t try ____31____ anything faster than a horse and buggy. And take a break every two hours. And____32____you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his____33____was pretty funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy, horse-and-buggy” every time I____34____the accelerator to overtake some other speeding vehicle. Dad’s long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a____35____of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that what my friend and I so casually mocked was simply Dad’s attempt at affection. 21. A. version B. expression C. explanation D. direction 22. A. talk about B. wrestle with C. carry out D. end with 23. A. practical B. technical C. detailed D. important 24. A. basically B. never C. exactly D. seldom 25. A. translate B. transport C. switch D. learn 26. A. simply B. slightly C. lightly D. absolutely 27 A. hear B. figure C. complain D. define 28. A. lovable B. attachable C. passionate D. affectionate 29. A. unless B. because C. but D. and 30. A. wave B. guide C. pick D. accompany 31. A. overlooking B. overturning C. overtaking D. overcoming 32. A. next time B. every time C. until D. before 33. A. warning B. demand C. speech D. chant 34. A. floored B. touched C. pressured D. check 35. A. list B. copy C. picture D. right 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的个人经历，以轻松幽默而又略带感伤的笔触，探讨了父亲们特有的“语言”——一种通过实际行动和实用建议来表达爱意的方式。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你检查过车里的油了吗？”我父亲过去常这样对我说，这是他版本的“你好，希望你一切都好。”A. version版本、说法；B. expression表达、表情；C. explanation解释；D. direction方向、指南。根据上文“Dads have a language all their own, one that’s not difficult to decode.”可知，父亲表达爱的方式不同；而空前““Have you checked the oil in the car?””则是父亲想要表达的“打招呼”的一种方式，一个版本。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有时，我们的电话交谈会以询问油的情况开始，以同样的询问结束，中间没什么别的话题。A. talk about谈论；B. wrestle with全力对付；C. carry out执行；D. end with以……结束。根据上文“begin with”以及下文“with not a lot in between”可推测，两人的交谈从询问油的情况开始，也以同样的询问结束。考查短语“end with”，意为“以……结束”，符合句意。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲们有很多爱要表达，但通常是通过提供实用的建议来传达的。A. practical实用的；B. technical技术的；C. detailed详细的；D. important重要的。根据下文“In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle.”以及作者所列举的父亲对自己关心的例子可知，父亲总是会提供一些实用的建议来表达爱。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：关键是：这正是我们想要表达的。A. basically基本上；B. never从不；C. exactly确切地；D. seldom很少。根据文章最后一段“But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a___15___of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that what my friend and I so casually mocked was simply Dad’s attempt at affection.”可知，父亲的这些话正是想要表达对我们的爱。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你只需要从父亲式的语言中翻译出来。A. translate翻译；B. transport运输；C. switch转换；D. learn学习。根据文章最后一段“But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a___15___of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that what my friend and I so casually mocked was simply Dad’s attempt at affection.”可知，作者的意思是我们只需要将父亲的话语翻译一下，就可以知道这些话的蕴意。故选A。 26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：仔细听，“我爱你”这句话可以在稍长一点的“我可以在周六过来帮你把马桶底部的硅胶密封圈换掉，因为我觉得那东西真的越来越臭了”这句话中听到。A. simply仅仅；B. slightly稍微地；C. lightly轻轻地；D. absolutely绝对地。根据上文““I love you””以及下文““I could come around Saturday and replace the silicon seal around the base of your toilet because I___7___that thing is getting really smelly.””可知，下文的话比上文的话稍微长一些。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：仔细听，“我爱你”这句话可以在稍长一点的“我可以在周六过来帮你把马桶底部的硅胶密封圈换掉，因为我觉得那东西真的越来越臭了”这句话中听到。A. hear听说；B. figure弄清楚、觉得；C. complain抱怨；D. define定义。根据空后“thing is getting really smelly”可知，父亲意识到下文所提及的问题。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“从你出生的那一刻起，你就让我的生活变得更好”这句充满爱意的话可能很少听到，但其精髓却蕴含在更常见的“你爬梯子上去扫屋顶的树叶时，我会帮你扶住梯子”这句话中。A. lovable可爱的；B. attachable可连接的 ；C. passionate热情的；D. affectionate充满感情的。根据下文“You made my life better from the moment you were born”可知，这句话是一句充满了感情的话。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：“从你出生的那一刻起，你就让我的生活变得更好”这句充满爱意的话可能很少听到，但其精髓却蕴含在更常见的“你爬梯子上去扫屋顶的树叶时，我会帮你扶住梯子”这句话中。A. unless除非；B. because因为；C. but但是；D. and和。上文“The ___8___ phrase “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard”和下文“the gist is there in the more common “I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves off the roof.””之间存在转折关系，用连词but连接。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个寒冷的清晨，父亲站在街角，挥手与我们告别。A. wave挥动；B. guide指导；C. pick捡起；D. accompany陪伴。根据上文“When I was 17, I went on my first road trip.”可知，作者是要出去旅行。由此可推测，父亲是挥手和作者再见。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“高速公路很危险，”他说，“所以不要试图超过任何比马车还快的东西。每两个小时休息一次。而且每次停车加油时，你都应该检查一下油。”A. overlooking忽视；B. overturning翻倒、推倒；C. overtaking超过、赶上；D. overcoming克服。根据下文“At the time we thought his___13___was pretty funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy, horse-and-buggy” every time I___14___the accelerator to overtake some other speeding vehicle.”可知，作者的父亲让作者不要超车，因为高速公路很危险。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：“高速公路很危险，”他说，“所以不要试图超过任何比马车还快的东西。每两个小时休息一次。而且每次停车加油时，你都应该检查一下油。”A. next time下一次；B. every time每次；C. until直到；D. before在……之前。考查状语从句的连接处，根据句意可知，作者的父亲建议作者停车加油的时候要检查油。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，我们觉得他的话很有趣，每次我踩油门超过其他超速行驶的车辆时，我们都会唱“马车，马车”。A. warning警告；B. demand要求；C. speech演讲、话语；D. chant圣歌、赞美诗。根据上一段内容可知，作者是觉得自己的父亲所说的话非常有趣，所以自己超车的时候，就开始开玩笑。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，我们觉得他的话很有趣，每次我踩油门超过其他超速行驶的车辆时，我们都会唱“马车，马车”。A. floored击倒、踩下；B. touched打动；C. pressured施压；D. check检查。根据空后的“to overtake some other speeding vehicle”可推测，作者是踩下油门才能超车。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但过了这么多年，我才意识到，如果我有一本《父亲语-英语词典》，我就会明白我和朋友们如此轻率地嘲笑的那段话，只不过是父亲试图表达爱意的表现。A. list清单；B. copy复制、一本；C. picture图画；D. right权利。根据空后的“of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary”可知，作者指的是自己有一本《父亲语-英语词典》，就会理解父亲的爱。故选B。 第二节：（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At this Paris Olympics, the Chinese sports delegation achieved excellent results with 40 gold medals, 27silver medals, and 24 bronze medals, medals, creating the best performance in overseas___36___(involve). Breakthroughs in basic major events and potential___37___(advantage) events became a major highlight of this Olympics. The men’s 100-meter freestyle athlete set a new world record,___38___enabled the Chinese national anthem to be played beside the swimming pool. Events___39___synchronized swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, and women’s boxing all achieved the breakthrough of zero Olympic gold medals. The canoeing slalom event won two gold medals for the first time at a single Olympics, and the freestyle BMX event even won the first Olympic gold medal. Many young “post-00s” athletes became the protagonists on the field. With the vitality of youth and___40___(tear) courage, they showed the world the style of a new generation of Chinese athletes. They dared to fight and compete in the face of pressure, broke through ___41___(they) in the face of challenges, and left unforgettable moments on the field with confident and calm postures and firm beliefs. It is worth___42___(note) that while pursuing excellent results, the athletes of the Chinese sports delegation always ___43___(stick) to a good sports spirit and moral style. They respected their opponents and referees and interpreted the connotation of the Olympic spirit with practical actions. The outstanding performance of the Chinese sports delegation at the Paris Olympics not only won glory for the motherland ___44___inspired more Chinese people____45____(devote) themselves to sports. Their struggles s and efforts will become a brilliant beacon on the road of Chinese sports development. 【答案】36. involvements 37. advantageous 38. which 39. like 40. tearless 41. themselves 42. noting 43. stuck 44. but 45. to devote 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国体育代表团在巴黎奥运会上的表现和成就，包括获得的奖牌数量、运动员的突破、年轻运动员的崛起以及运动员们展现的体育精神和道德风尚。 【36题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：在巴黎奥运会上，中国体育代表团取得了优异成绩，共获得40枚金牌、27枚银牌和24枚铜牌，创造了海外参赛的最佳战绩。空处为名词形式，根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填involvements。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：基础大项和潜在优势项目的突破成为本届奥运会的一大亮点。空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“events”。故填advantageous。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：男子100米自由泳运动员创造了新的世界纪录，使中国国歌在泳池旁奏响。这里为定语从句的关系词，代指主句一句话，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：花样游泳、艺术体操和女子拳击等项目都实现了奥运会金牌零的突破。空处为介词形式，意为“像……”，用介词“like”。故填like。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们充满青春的活力，无畏无惧，向世界展示了新一代中国运动员的风采。空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的“courage”。故填tearless。 【41题详解】 考查代词。句意：他们敢于在压力下拼搏竞争，在挑战中突破自我，以自信冷静的姿态和坚定的信念，在赛场上留下了难忘的时刻。空处为宾语，指的是主语本身，用反身代词。故填themselves。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：值得注意的是，在追求优异成绩的同时，中国体育代表团的运动员始终坚持良好的体育精神和道德风尚。非谓语动词担当宾语，构成固定搭配：be worth doing，意为“值得……”。故填noting。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：值得注意的是，在追求优异成绩的同时，中国体育代表团的运动员始终坚持良好的体育精神和道德风尚。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文时态以及句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填stuck。 【44题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：中国体育代表团在巴黎奥运会上的出色表现，不仅为祖国赢得了荣誉，也激励了更多中国人投身体育事业。固定搭配：not only…but(also)…，意为“不但……而且……”，符合句意。故填but。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国体育代表团在巴黎奥运会上的出色表现，不仅为祖国赢得了荣誉，也激励了更多中国人投身体育事业。非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，构成固定搭配：inspire sb. to do sth，意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to devote。 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节：（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，最近收到好友Ben来信，信中说他因为使用人工智能完成翻译作业而受到老师批评，请你写一封回信，内容包括：1.你的宽慰；2.对使用人工智能完成作业的看法；3.你的建议。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Ben ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Ben, I’m sorry to learn about your current trouble regarding the use of AI tools for your assignment. I can fully relate to your situation as I once faced similar temptations to manage heavy academic workloads. However, AI should never replace our own intellectual efforts. As a scientist once said, “Our intelligence is what makes us human, and AI is an extension of that quality.” While AI can assist in certain areas, over reliance on it undermines the essence of learning and compromise academic integrity. Therefore, I suggest you improve your work without solely depending on AI tools and have an open conversation with your teacher, clarifying your intentions and demonstrating your commitment to genuine learning. Learning is not just about completing tasks but also about the process of acquiring knowledge. Wish you all the best. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给因为使用人工智能完成作业而受到老师批评的好友Ben写一封回信，表达你的宽慰、阐述对使用人工智能完成作业的看法并提出建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 理解：relate to→ understand 代替；取代：replace→take the place of 因此：therefore→thus 建议：suggest→advise 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：However, AI should never replace our own intellectual efforts. 拓展句：However, it is our own intellectual efforts that AI should never replace. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I can fully relate to your situation as I once faced similar temptations to manage heavy academic workloads. (运用了as引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】While AI can assist in certain areas, over reliance on it undermines the essence of learning and compromise academic integrity. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句) 第二节：（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 School was over, the day was fading and it started to rain. I stood at the school gate, with a loaded backpack on my shoulders. It was Friday again — a weekend of joy with unlimited sleeping hours and dinner courses specially made to my taste. I waved goodbye to my friends as they jumped into their fathers’ warm and comfortable cars. Curiously, this gave rise to a disturbing feeling in me. It was not exactly what they called jealousy, but something like depression. I knew all 1 could expect was an old bike Mom would ride along on, with the badly-oiled chain creaking against the wheel to announce her arrival. Every Friday when Mom came to pick me up, it was a moment full of great expectation and great unease. I always felt my face burning as we rode our way in and out of the cars and saw my friends’ faces sticking out of the car windows. It was like stepping into a ballroom with beautifully dressed ladies and finding yourself in a smelly T-shirt. To tell you the truth, Mom is quite a headache occasionally. She looks like a homely middle-aged housewife. She knits most of my sweaters, chiefly in old styles. Whenever caught by some curious classmates asking what brand my sweaters are, I’d force a smile and reply in a half-joking manner: homemade. She simply doesn’t seem to understand what’s in fashion; Chanel or Gucci means nothing to her. I couldn’t remember when l started to find her such an embarrassment. As a little boy, I relied on her so much. She had been working at home, cooking in the kitchen, knitting by the lamp, or riding across town to buy me a book 1 badly needed. It had always been fun riding with her. I had enjoyed watching our shadows growing longer and shorter in an alternate fashion by the light of the streetlamps along the road. Just now there seemed to be something standing between us, something that made her so strange to me and me to her. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Today Mom showed up in a raincoat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mom tried to cover me with the raincoat again as a storm set in. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: Today she showed up in a raincoat.When I saw her, I felt full of great expectation but great unease. It seemed so unfair that my classmates sat in their parents’ cars, but I just sat on an old badly-oiled chain creaking bike.Why I had to hide the rain from the ugly raincoat.I was full of complaint about all of these. I was sick of these.Howl wished I could also have a rich parents like my classmates. Thinking about these things, I was quite dissatisfied with my mother. I even didn’t want her to pick me up.So I didn’t say a word with her and sat on the bike silently. Paragraph 2: Mom tried to cover me with the back of the raincoat again as a storm set in. She also didn’t say a word with me. She just wanted to make sure that I didn’t get wet. She seemed to know What I felt. So She just wanted to comfort me and gave me the warmth and love She could give me. Thinking about these, my eyes was filled with tears. I didn’t feel uneased, but was full of greatness for the best she tried to give me. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在周五放学后等待母亲接自己回家的故事，讲述了作者所经历的从对母亲的不满和抱怨，到对母亲的理解和感激的情感转变。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“今天她穿着雨衣出现了。”以及第二段首句内容“当暴风雨来临时，妈妈再次试图用雨衣的后背盖住我。”可知，第一段可描写作者看到穿着雨衣，骑着自行车的妈妈，心中充满了对妈妈的抱怨和不满。 ②由第二段首句内容“当暴风雨来临时，妈妈再次试图用雨衣的后背盖住我。”可知，第二段可描写看到妈妈用雨衣为自己遮挡大雨，作者开始反思自己的态度。 2.续写线索：感到沮丧——产生不满和抱怨——妈妈为作者遮挡风雨——反思自己——意识到妈妈的关爱和温暖——理解并感激妈妈 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①充满了：(be) full of/(be) filled with ②想要：want/would like ③确保：make sure/ensure 情绪类 ①不满意：dissatisfied/discontented ②厌倦了：be sick of/be bored with 【点睛】【高分句型1】When I saw her, I felt full of great expectation but great unease.（运用了when引导的状语从句） 【高分句型2】She just wanted to make sure that I didn’t get wet.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$