专题04 选词填空-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中真题分类汇编（上海专用）

专题04 选词填空 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．contact  B．serve   C． weakening  D．form  E. consciously  F. swell G. leisurely  H. proportion  I. randomly  J. grasp  K. normal Why do fingers get wrinkly after a long bath or swim? We know skin wrinkles as you get older or when you pinch it between two fingers. But it’s been somewhat of a mystery why skin gets wrinkly and even sometimes changes color after you take a 1 bath or spend too long in the swimming pool. Often people assume that these wrinkles form because the skin absorbs water, which makes it 2 up and buckle. To be honest, I did too for a long time. But researchers back in the 1930s discovered that in people with nerve damage in their fingers, the post-bath wrinkles didn’t 3 . Wrinkly fingers can’t just be due to water absorption then, or this would be a universal phenomenon, no matter how well your nerves are or aren’t working. To explain what is happening, first you need to know a bit about the autonomic nervous system – the involuntary part of how your body works. Functions like breathing, blinking, your heart pumping or your pupils constricting in the sun all happen without your needing to 4 control them, thanks to the autonomic nervous system. It also automatically controls the expansion and contraction of your blood vessels. This contraction of your blood vessels is also what causes the skin to wrinkle after a lengthy swim. When your hands and feet come into 5 with water for more than a few minutes, the sweat ducts (汗腺管) in your skin open, allowing water to flow into the skin tissue. This added water decreases the 6 of salt inside the skin. Nerve fibers send a message about lower salt levels to your brain, and the autonomic nervous system responds by constricting the blood vessels. When tiny blood vessels inside the skin contract, they pull the skin’s surface down, forming the wrinkles you see after a long bath. But does this skin wrinkling-when-wet 7 any purpose? Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin. Better grip lets you 8 objects more firmly. It makes walking along an underwater surface easier, with less likelihood of slipping. Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break, but this 9 can take weeks to occur. Just don’t stay in the swimming pool too long and your pruney digits will go back to 10 once you’ve dried off. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is two word more than you need. A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 11 . Honnold could not 12 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 13 him if he fell. After a four-hour 14 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 15 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 16 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 17 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 18 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 19 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 20 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．shifting      B．look     C． affordable       D．recovery       E. negative      F. associated   G destinations      H. response       I. recycling     J. prior     K. investigated Birth Rates and Home Values: A Closer Look Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Doesn’t 21 research show a positive relationship between home value gains and higher fertility? In a recent research brief, Zillow has brought attention to the surprising continued decline of Americans’ birth rates, despite the strong economic 22 since 2012. The post triggered a number of follow-up questions on social media and elsewhere. Zillow Research also published a new 23 at Census and Zillow data that the decisions to move and to have kids are twisted for many people. Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Yes, but what the first research brief 24 is not the cross-sectional correlation of birth rates and home values, but the percentage changes in each variable after the economy declines. Today, cities like New York are known as 25 for highly-educated young people who may be more likely to delay starting families. The new finding is that counties that already had low birth rates for young adults in 2010 saw their birth rates fall further, and the degree to which they did was correlated with the degree to which their home values rose. One way to explain both these facts is that some people are 26 toward very expensive housing markets requiring high-pay careers with belated or reduced childbearing, while others prefer housing markets where it is more 27 to have children and buy a house big enough for the whole family. In that background, people moving to more affordable areas will have more children and those in less affordable areas will have fewer. What about prior research that shows a positive correlation between growth in home values and fertility? While the 28 cross-sectional relationship was well-known, previous research actually showed a positive relationship between changes in home prices and birth rates. Arecent article on the subject by economists Lisa J. Dettling and Melissa S. Kearney found that a $10,000 home value increase was 29 with a 0.8 percent increase in fertility. This originated from their subtler findings that non-homeowners have fewer babies in 30 to higher prices, while existing homeowners raise their birth rates. Their estimates found a turning point: when homeownership is below about 32.4 percent, rising home values do, in fact, reduce birth rates. In other words, falling births reacting to rise home values would now be consistent with Dettling and Kearney’s findings. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dated B．unlikely C． set D．fossils E. estimate F. delicate G. takes H. finds I. exactly J. advocated K. tracked Haul of Fossil Fish Pushes Back the Origin of Teeth and Jaws Our teeth and jaws are incredibly ancient. They’re older than dinosaurs, older than arms and legs, older than trees adaptations that paleontologists (古生物学家) have 31 to our distant, fishy relatives that thrived in the seas around 425 million years ago. But a collection of carefully-preserved vertebrates (脊椎动物) found in China has 32 a new date for the earliest record of jaws and teeth. The early vertebrates include some of the earliest fish, one of the earliest relatives of sharks, and, at about 436 million years old, the most ancient 33 yet found of fish with teeth and jaws. Researchers have disagreed about 34 when the earliest bites evolved. Molecular (分子的) studies based upon estimations of genetic changes have 35 that the first jaws and teeth evolved about 450 million years ago. Until now, the oldest fossil of jawed vertebrates — or gnathostomes — 36 to about 425 million years ago, a significant gap. As Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology researcher Min Zhu and his colleagues describe in a series of Nature papers published today, the new 37 from South China sit in the middle of this gap and offer a startling look at a critical moment in evolutionary history. Zhu and coauthors note in their research, the fish they uncovered were small and had 38 bones. That means these fish were generally 39 to become fossils except in truly outstanding circumstances where they could be buried quickly and shielded from scavengers (食腐动物) that would otherwise eat them. That an exceptional stroke of luck was required to preserve such fish likely explains the difference between the molecular 40 and fossil record. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．lasting         B．opposing         C． agent-         D．enormous        E. Contribute F. convinced       G. involved         H. sponsor        I. committed        J. reflect K. insignificant How an Individual Can Make a Difference In the face of a multitude of global problems, it can be difficult to feel like an individual or small groups can make a difference. Our minds and hearts are in the right place but what can one person really do? It turns out quite a lot. With Martin Luther King Day just around the comer in the United States, it’s the perfect time for all of us to 41 and remember just how much of an impact one person can make on the world. In his iconic speech at the Lincoln Memorial for the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, King told America, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” The social impact King had in the United States is tangible, 42 and real. All of us here at Up with People are 43 of the power of individuals to make a difference. In fact, it’s our mission. Through music and action, we empower young people to be a positive 44 of change for a more hopeful, trusting, and peaceful world. You might think the difference you can make is 45 . No matter what corner of the world you call home, what you do everyday matters and even small acts can make giant ripples of good in this world we all share. It’s a myth that what we do has to be 46 to make a difference. You don’t have to be Martin Luther King Jr. to have a positive social impact on your community. Margaret Mead put it best, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful and 47 citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” So, start small. Do daily, small acts of kindness. Pay for someone’s coffee, open a door, let someone cut in front of you in line or smile. Spread kindness because the world needs it. 48 money or your time. Pick an organization close to home or volunteer around the world with Up with People! Be a(n) 49 or join a meaningful campaign. Googling “join a campaign” will result in millions of responses from supporting children to the elderly. Whatever you get 50 in will advance the campaign greatly because of your actions. Pick one thing to start so you don’t get overwhelmed. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．elevating         B．context        C． implications         D．vitality        E. afraid F. deep-rooted       G. routine        H. running          I. interpreted       J. altered     K. frozen Unlocking the Secrets of Your Night Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night’s sleep, and each dream period lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. There is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly 51 —and that is a big “if”—we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at three common dreams and what they potentially symbolize. Dream 1: I can see their laughing faces laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative 52 . On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday 53 . It may also symbolize a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is 54 of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent feelings of inferiority, which the dreamer attempts to get rid of by literally and physically 55 themselves above others. Dream 2: I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. It doesn’t matter how fast I go. I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and 56 , it can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By 57 hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stop moving. This makes the fear even more terrifying. One possible explanation is that the person is under pressure in their everyday life. Dream 3: I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped. Trapped in my own bed. This symbol is associated with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot; 58 in’ a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent 59 for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something that you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a(n) 60 fear of losing a job and a livelihood. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．available B．carried C． exploring D．introduced E. management F. nasty G. packed H. quality I. reduction J. signal K. visit After-school tutoring to change course under new regulations Zhong Kaitong, a fourth-grade pupil at a primary school in Guangzhou, enjoys a much more energetic summer vacation this year. Instead of English or mathematics courses she used to attend, her vacation is 61 with fun and laughter, playing badminton and basketball in the playground. Chinese authorities have in recent months 62 out a series of strict regulations to deal with after-school training and ease the burden on primary and middle school students. In late May, authorities ordered the comprehensive 63 of off-campus training institutions and a tougher crackdown on unqualified operations, false advertising, and so on. Last month, central authorities 64 a guideline to ease the burden of too much homework and off-campus tutoring for young students. It details requirements in areas such as the 65 of homework and improving quality of education and after-class services provided by schools. A(n) 66 to several training centers around a primary school in Shenyang, found empty classrooms. Such tutoring has been suspended for about a week and will not be 67 for the whole summer vacation, they say. Some tutoring institutions are actively seeking transformation under the new guidelines. A manager in charge of one major tutoring company says 70 percent of their business has been affected, and that they are 68 new service areas to adapt to the new policy. All these moves have sent a very clear 69 to bring education back as a public welfare, and guide the educational training industry to develop in a direction of improving students’ comprehensive 70 , says Chen Xianzhe, a professor at South China Normal University. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acknowledging B．discouraged C． drain D．identify E. negative F. referring G. occurred H. pin I. refresh J. specific K. ultimately Make a Wish List Most of us know of New Year’s Resolutions, where one sets intentions for the year ahead. But too often, people make their resolutions 71 — “I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk” — and then feel unhappy. In the cold month of January, the last thing you need is to 72 your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself. And if you break a resolution, you feel 73 , which is a rubbish way to start the year. What you need instead are things to look forward to. So instead, try a wish list. This involves writing down 100 things you would like to do in the year ahead. The items can be enormous or tiny, ranging from “Climb Everest” to “buy a new pencil sharpener”. The main thing is that at some point it has 74 to you as something that you would like to do. The key here is — write it down. Do you feel any resistance to the ideas? If so, ask yourself why. What is wrong with 75 what you would like to do? Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t, I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down. It helps to be 76 , so rather than “Get outdoors”, 77 a place you would like to visit. And take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day. Think about it, polish it and 78 it. Finally, you have your list. And what a work of beauty it is. Here are all the things that you would like to do. Remember to 79 them up where you can see them; let yourself consider how they can be accomplished. You’ll be amazed that so many of your dreams can be realized though the simple trick of writing them down and 80 to them. （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clearing B．commercial C．cut D．effectively E．exhausting F．likewise G．range H．restoring I．scarcity J．surprisingly K．underestimated The best bosses know how to subtract work Companies are used to celebrating addition. Profits, customers and share prices should go up rather than fall. Innovation is the adding of new products. Larger numbers are a measure of career success. Firms are not always opposed to subtraction. There are good kinds of cuts. Reducing costs is a necessary part of management, though not a welcome one. But the value of doing less is 81 . The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on. That means 82 time for employees to get work done. Meetings are almost always called by bosses. Some are useful; many of them are not. Shopify, an e-commerce firm, began the year by deleting 12,000 meeting s from corporate calendars, and asking everyone to think carefully before 83 them. The company reports a rise in productivity as a result of the 84 . The only thing worse than having too many meetings is not being invited to them at all. So whenever meetings take place, 85 large numbers of people can turn up. Minus-minded managers will give employees permission not to attend if they are not needed. Good bosses, 86 , will send messages when necessary, not every time a bright idea pops into their head. They will reduce the tempo of work, by leaving employees time to concentrate. They will be clear if something is urgent or not. Subtraction is not just about removing day-to-day distractions. It’s also about taking decisions to kill off projects and products that are going nowhere, and to focus efforts on the most important bits of the business. In “The Case for Good Jobs”, a new book, Zeynep Ton of MIT Sloan School of Management argues that doing less can often make 87 sense. Costco, a well-regarded American retailer has a deliberately limited product 88 . That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively. Less may not sound like a great outcome for customers, but at some point choice is deeply 89 . When you have spent more time trying to decide what to watch on a streaming service than it takes to go to the cinema and watch “Oppenheimer” twice, 90 seems pretty attractive. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 选词填空 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．contact  B．serve   C． weakening  D．form  E. consciously  F. swell G. leisurely  H. proportion  I. randomly  J. grasp  K. normal Why do fingers get wrinkly after a long bath or swim? We know skin wrinkles as you get older or when you pinch it between two fingers. But it’s been somewhat of a mystery why skin gets wrinkly and even sometimes changes color after you take a 1 bath or spend too long in the swimming pool. Often people assume that these wrinkles form because the skin absorbs water, which makes it 2 up and buckle. To be honest, I did too for a long time. But researchers back in the 1930s discovered that in people with nerve damage in their fingers, the post-bath wrinkles didn’t 3 . Wrinkly fingers can’t just be due to water absorption then, or this would be a universal phenomenon, no matter how well your nerves are or aren’t working. To explain what is happening, first you need to know a bit about the autonomic nervous system – the involuntary part of how your body works. Functions like breathing, blinking, your heart pumping or your pupils constricting in the sun all happen without your needing to 4 control them, thanks to the autonomic nervous system. It also automatically controls the expansion and contraction of your blood vessels. This contraction of your blood vessels is also what causes the skin to wrinkle after a lengthy swim. When your hands and feet come into 5 with water for more than a few minutes, the sweat ducts (汗腺管) in your skin open, allowing water to flow into the skin tissue. This added water decreases the 6 of salt inside the skin. Nerve fibers send a message about lower salt levels to your brain, and the autonomic nervous system responds by constricting the blood vessels. When tiny blood vessels inside the skin contract, they pull the skin’s surface down, forming the wrinkles you see after a long bath. But does this skin wrinkling-when-wet 7 any purpose? Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin. Better grip lets you 8 objects more firmly. It makes walking along an underwater surface easier, with less likelihood of slipping. Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break, but this 9 can take weeks to occur. Just don’t stay in the swimming pool too long and your pruney digits will go back to 10 once you’ve dried off. 【答案】 1．leisurely 2．swell 3．form 4．consciously 5．contact 6．proportion 7．serve 8．grasp 9．weakening 10．normal 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么长时间泡澡或游泳后手指会起皱，并揭示了这一现象背后的生理原理。 1．考查形容词。句意：但为什么在你悠闲地洗了个澡或在游泳池里泡了太长时间后，皮肤会起皱纹，甚至有时会变色，这一直是个谜。分析句子结构可知，空格处单词修饰名词bath，结合句意，表示“悠闲的”，用形容词leisurely作定语。故填leisurely。 2．考查动词。句意：人们通常认为这些皱纹的形成是因为皮肤吸收水分，使其膨胀和弯曲。结合常识和上文“the skin absorbs water”可推知，皮肤吸收水分会膨胀，用动词短语swell up作宾语补足语，意为“膨胀”。故填swell。 3．考查动词。句意：但早在20世纪30年代，研究人员就发现，在手指神经受损的人身上，洗完澡后不会形成皱纹。根据上文“But”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，说明手指神经受损的人洗完澡后手指上不会形成皱纹，用动词form作谓语，意为“形成”。故填form。 4．考查副词。句意：呼吸、眨眼、心脏跳动或瞳孔在阳光下收缩等功能都不需要你有意识地控制，这要归功于自主神经系统。根据下文“thanks to the autonomic nervous system”可知，因为这些行为是由自主神经系统控制，所以不需要自己“有意识地”控制它们，用副词consciously作状语。故填consciously。 5．考查名词。句意：当你的手和脚接触水超过几分钟时，你皮肤上的汗管就会打开，让水流入皮肤组织。根据下文“with water for more than a few minutes”可推知，手和脚与水“接触”，用名词contact作宾语。故填contact。 6．考查名词。句意：增加的水分减少了皮肤内盐分的比例。根据上文“allowing water to flow into the skin tissue”可推知，水流入皮肤组织，所以增加的水分减少了皮肤内盐分的“比例”，用名词proportion作宾语。故填proportion。 7．考查动词。句意：但是这种皮肤湿润时起皱的现象有什么作用吗? 下文“Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin.”回答了皮肤湿润时起皱的作用，所以上文问的是“皮肤湿润时起皱的现象有什么作用吗?”，用动词serve作谓语，意为“对……有用”。故填serve。 8．考查动词。句意：更好的抓地力让你更牢固地抓住物体。根据上文“wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin”可推知，起皱的皮肤让你能更紧地抓住物体，用动词grasp作宾语补足语。故填grasp。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间浸泡在水中会使皮肤更容易破裂，但这种变弱可能需要几周的时间才能发生。上文“Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break”提出长时间浸泡在水中会使皮肤更容易破裂，这是一种皮肤的“弱化”，用动名词weakening作主语。故填weakening。 10．考查名词。句意：只是不要在游泳池里呆太久，一旦干了，你像梅干一样的手指就会恢复正常。根据下文“once you’ve dried off”可知，皮肤干了后手指就会恢复正常，用名词normal作宾语。故填normal。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is two word more than you need. A．matched  B．accessible  C． fingertips  D．afford  E. purest  F. secure G. display  H. partnerless  I. strengthened  J. blankest K. stream L. officially Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for 11 . Honnold could not 12 any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to 13 him if he fell. After a four-hour 14 of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself. EI Capitan had been climbed 15 before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its 16 . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was 17 only by relief at his safe return. The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s 18 part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was 19 accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more 20 to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings. 【答案】 11．C 12．D 13．F 14．G 15．H 16．E 17．A 18．J 19．L 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了攀岩运动在美国和其他地方越来越受欢迎。 11．考查名词。句意：今年6月，他成功地爬上了900米高的垂直岩壁，在岩壁的边缘勉强够指尖触碰。根据句意“指尖”可知，此处为名词fingertip，作介词for的宾语，表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故选C。 12．考查动词。句意：Honnold承受不起任何疏忽。根据句意“负担得起”可知，此处为动词afford，位于情态动词could后面，使用动词原形。故选D。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他掉下去，没有绳子保护他。根据句意“保护”可知，此处为动词secure，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选F。 14．考查名词。句意：经过四个小时的力量和精确度的展示，这位31岁的男子安全地挑战了自己。根据句意“展示”可知，此处为名词display，位于介词after之后，需用名词作宾语。故选G。 15．考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan之前也有过无合伙人攀登的经历，包括霍诺德，但从来没有像他这样。根据句意“无伴的”可知，此处为形容词partnerless。故选H。 16．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。根据句意“最纯粹的”可知，此处为固定搭配at its purest。故选E。 17．考查动词时态语态。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配得上同伴们的称赞。根据句意“匹配”可知，此处为动词match，Praise和match为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处需填过去分词matched。故选A。 18．考查形容词最高级。2015年，另外两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔格森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条攀登黎明墙的路线，这是EI Capitan最光秃秃的部分。根据句意“最光秃秃的”可知，此处为形容词最高级blankest，作定语，修饰名词part。故选J。 19．考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩被正式纳入2020年东京奥运会项目。根据句意“正式地”可知，此处为副词officially，作状语修饰动词短语was accepted into。故选L。 20．考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，攀岩馆在全球范围内出现，使这项运动更安全，更容易为普通人所接受。根据句意“对……可接触的”可知，此处为固定短语accessible to。故选B。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．shifting      B．look     C． affordable       D．recovery       E. negative      F. associated   G destinations      H. response       I. recycling     J. prior     K. investigated Birth Rates and Home Values: A Closer Look Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Doesn’t 21 research show a positive relationship between home value gains and higher fertility? In a recent research brief, Zillow has brought attention to the surprising continued decline of Americans’ birth rates, despite the strong economic 22 since 2012. The post triggered a number of follow-up questions on social media and elsewhere. Zillow Research also published a new 23 at Census and Zillow data that the decisions to move and to have kids are twisted for many people. Don’t people in expensive places always have fewer children? Yes, but what the first research brief 24 is not the cross-sectional correlation of birth rates and home values, but the percentage changes in each variable after the economy declines. Today, cities like New York are known as 25 for highly-educated young people who may be more likely to delay starting families. The new finding is that counties that already had low birth rates for young adults in 2010 saw their birth rates fall further, and the degree to which they did was correlated with the degree to which their home values rose. One way to explain both these facts is that some people are 26 toward very expensive housing markets requiring high-pay careers with belated or reduced childbearing, while others prefer housing markets where it is more 27 to have children and buy a house big enough for the whole family. In that background, people moving to more affordable areas will have more children and those in less affordable areas will have fewer. What about prior research that shows a positive correlation between growth in home values and fertility? While the 28 cross-sectional relationship was well-known, previous research actually showed a positive relationship between changes in home prices and birth rates. Arecent article on the subject by economists Lisa J. Dettling and Melissa S. Kearney found that a $10,000 home value increase was 29 with a 0.8 percent increase in fertility. This originated from their subtler findings that non-homeowners have fewer babies in 30 to higher prices, while existing homeowners raise their birth rates. Their estimates found a turning point: when homeownership is below about 32.4 percent, rising home values do, in fact, reduce birth rates. In other words, falling births reacting to rise home values would now be consistent with Dettling and Kearney’s findings. 【答案】 21．J 22．D 23．B 24．K 25．G 26．A 27．C 28．E 29．F 30．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了住在物价高的地方的人和孩子出生率之间的关系。 21．考查形容词。句意：之前的研究难道没有显示房价上涨和更高的生育率之间存在正相关吗？结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“之前的”，故用形容词prior，作定语，修饰后面的名词research。故选J。 22．考查名词。句意：在最近的一份研究简报中，Zillow提请人们注意，尽管自2012年以来美国经济强劲复苏，但美国出生率仍在惊人地持续下降。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“复苏”，故用不可数名词recovery，作介词despite的宾语。故选D。 23．考查名词。句意：zillow研究还发表了对人口普查和zillow数据的新看法，该看法表明，对许多人来说，搬家和生孩子的决定是扭曲的。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“看法”，故用名词look，根据空前的不定冠词a可知，本空用单数形式。故选B。 24．考查动词。句意：是的，但第一份研究简报调查的不是出生率和房屋价值的横断面相关性，而是经济衰退后每个变量的百分比变化。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“调查”，故用动词investigate，结合句意可知事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故用过去式investigated。故选K。 25．考查名词。句意：如今，像纽约这样的城市被认为是受过高等教育的年轻人的目的地，他们可能更有可能推迟成家。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“目的地”，故用名词destination，根据主语cities可知，用复数形式destinations。故选G。 26．考查动词。句意：对这两个事实的一种解释是，一些人正转向非常昂贵的住房市场，这些市场需要高薪的职业，而推迟或减少生育，而另一些人则更喜欢那些更能负担得起生孩子和买一套足够全家人住的大房子的住房市场。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“转移，变换”，故用动词shift，结合空前的系动词are可知，本句用现在进行时，故填shifting。故选A。 27．考查形容词。句意：对这两个事实的一种解释是，一些人正转向非常昂贵的住房市场，这些市场需要高薪的职业，而推迟或减少生育，而另一些人则更喜欢那些更能负担得起生孩子和买一套足够全家人住的大房子的住房市场。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“负担得起”，故用形容词affordable，作表语。故选C。 28．考查形容词。句意：虽然负的横截面关系众所周知，但之前的研究实际上显示了房价变化与出生率之间的正相关关系。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“负面的，消极的”，故用形容词negative，作定语，修饰后面的名词cross-sectional relationship。故选E。 29．考查形容词。句意：经济学家Lisa J. Dettling和Melissa S. Kearney最近发表的一篇关于这一主题的文章发现，房屋价值每增加1万美元，生育率就会增加0.8%。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“与……相联系”，故用形容词associated。be associated with“与……相联系”为固定短语。故选F。 30．考查名词。句意：这源于他们更微妙的发现，即房价上涨时，非房主的婴儿数量会减少，而现有房主的出生率会提高。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“作为回应，作为对……的反应”，故用名词response。in response to sth.“作为回应，作为对……的反应”为固定短语。故选H。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dated B．unlikely C． set D．fossils E. estimate F. delicate G. takes H. finds I. exactly J. advocated K. tracked Haul of Fossil Fish Pushes Back the Origin of Teeth and Jaws Our teeth and jaws are incredibly ancient. They’re older than dinosaurs, older than arms and legs, older than trees adaptations that paleontologists (古生物学家) have 31 to our distant, fishy relatives that thrived in the seas around 425 million years ago. But a collection of carefully-preserved vertebrates (脊椎动物) found in China has 32 a new date for the earliest record of jaws and teeth. The early vertebrates include some of the earliest fish, one of the earliest relatives of sharks, and, at about 436 million years old, the most ancient 33 yet found of fish with teeth and jaws. Researchers have disagreed about 34 when the earliest bites evolved. Molecular (分子的) studies based upon estimations of genetic changes have 35 that the first jaws and teeth evolved about 450 million years ago. Until now, the oldest fossil of jawed vertebrates — or gnathostomes — 36 to about 425 million years ago, a significant gap. As Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology researcher Min Zhu and his colleagues describe in a series of Nature papers published today, the new 37 from South China sit in the middle of this gap and offer a startling look at a critical moment in evolutionary history. Zhu and coauthors note in their research, the fish they uncovered were small and had 38 bones. That means these fish were generally 39 to become fossils except in truly outstanding circumstances where they could be buried quickly and shielded from scavengers (食腐动物) that would otherwise eat them. That an exceptional stroke of luck was required to preserve such fish likely explains the difference between the molecular 40 and fossil record. 【答案】 31．K 32．C 33．D 34．I 35．J 36．A 37．H 38．F 39．B 40．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于化石鱼的重大发现，这一发现推迟了牙齿和颚骨的起源时间。通过发现在中国的精心保存的脊椎动物化石，研究人员设定了最早颚骨和牙齿的记录的新日期。 31．考查动词。句意：它们比恐龙更古老，比手臂和腿更古老，比树木的进化更古老，古生物学家追溯到大约4.25亿年前在海洋中繁盛的我们的远古鱼类亲属，它们适应了这些特征。根据句意，空处表示“追踪到”，track to为固定短语，表示“追踪到”，结合空前have可知为现在完成时，应填过去分词tracked，故选K项。 32．考查动词。句意：但是在中国发现的一组精心保存的脊椎动物化石为颚骨和牙齿的最早记录设定了一个新的日期。根据句意，空处表示“设定”，set a new date意为“设定了一个新的日期”，应填set，结合空前has可知为现在完成时，应填过去分词set，故选C项。 33．考查名词。句意：这些早期的脊椎动物包括一些最早的鱼类，最早的鲨鱼近亲，以及约4.36亿年前发现的这组最古老的有牙齿和颚骨的鱼类化石。根据空前the most ancient可知空处应为名词，结合句意，此处表示“化石”，结合空后“found of fish with teeth and jaws”可知应为名词复数表示泛指，应填fossils，故选D项。 34．考查副词。句意：研究人员对最早咬合的确切时间存在分歧。根据句意可知空处表示“确切地”，应用副词exactly作状语，修饰后面的句子，故选I项。 35．考查动词。句意：基于基因变化估计的分子研究认为，最早的颌骨和牙齿是在大约4.5亿年前进化而来的。根据句意可知空处表示“主张，认为”，应为advocate，结合空前have可知为现在完成时，应填过去分词advocated，故选J项。 36．考查动词。句意：到目前为止，最古老的有颌脊椎动物化石——或者说颌口动物——可以追溯到大约4.25亿年前，这是一个很大的差距。根据句意，空处表示“追溯到”，date to后加时间表示“可追溯到……年”，一般过去时，故选A项。 37．考查名词。句意：正如古脊椎动物研究所和古人类学研究员朱敏和他的同事在今天发表的一系列《自然》论文中所描述的那样，来自华南的新发现位于这一空白的中间，为进化史上的关键时刻提供了惊人的视角。根据空前the new可知空处应为名词，新发现不止一个，为名词复数形式，应填finds，故选H项。 38．考查形容词。句意：朱教授和合著者在他们的研究中指出，他们发现的鱼很小，骨头很小。根据空后bones可知，空处为形容词作定语，结合句意，空处表示“细微的”，应为delicate，故选F项。 39．考查形容词。句意：这意味着这些鱼一般不太可能成为化石，除非在非常特殊的情况下，它们可以迅速被埋起来，不被食腐动物吃掉。be unlikely to do sth.为固定短语，表示“不太可能做某事”，空处应填unlikely，故选B项。 40．考查名词。句意：要保持这样的鱼类需要一次特殊的幸运机遇，这很可能解释了分子估计和化石记录之间的差异。根据上文“Molecular (分子的) studies based upon estimations of genetic changes(基于遗传变化估计的分子研究)”可知，空处应为名词estimate (估计)，表示“分子估计”，故选E项。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．lasting         B．opposing         C． agent-         D．enormous        E. Contribute F. convinced       G. involved         H. sponsor        I. committed        J. reflect K. insignificant How an Individual Can Make a Difference In the face of a multitude of global problems, it can be difficult to feel like an individual or small groups can make a difference. Our minds and hearts are in the right place but what can one person really do? It turns out quite a lot. With Martin Luther King Day just around the comer in the United States, it’s the perfect time for all of us to 41 and remember just how much of an impact one person can make on the world. In his iconic speech at the Lincoln Memorial for the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, King told America, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” The social impact King had in the United States is tangible, 42 and real. All of us here at Up with People are 43 of the power of individuals to make a difference. In fact, it’s our mission. Through music and action, we empower young people to be a positive 44 of change for a more hopeful, trusting, and peaceful world. You might think the difference you can make is 45 . No matter what corner of the world you call home, what you do everyday matters and even small acts can make giant ripples of good in this world we all share. It’s a myth that what we do has to be 46 to make a difference. You don’t have to be Martin Luther King Jr. to have a positive social impact on your community. Margaret Mead put it best, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful and 47 citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” So, start small. Do daily, small acts of kindness. Pay for someone’s coffee, open a door, let someone cut in front of you in line or smile. Spread kindness because the world needs it. 48 money or your time. Pick an organization close to home or volunteer around the world with Up with People! Be a(n) 49 or join a meaningful campaign. Googling “join a campaign” will result in millions of responses from supporting children to the elderly. Whatever you get 50 in will advance the campaign greatly because of your actions. Pick one thing to start so you don’t get overwhelmed. 【答案】 41．J 42．A 43．F 44．C 45．K 46．D 47．I 48．E 49．H 50．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是个人如何对这个世界有所影响。 41．考查不定式。句意：马丁·路德·金纪念日即将在美国到来，这是我们所有人反思和记住一个人能对世界产生多大影响的最佳时机。根据“and remember just how much of an impact one person can make on the world”可知，此处表示“反思一个人能对世界产生多大影响”，空格处意为“反思”，是reflect，it’s time to do意为“是做某事的时候了”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选J。 42．考查形容词。句意：马丁·路德·金对美国的社会影响是有形的、持久的和真实的。根据上文“The social impact King had in the United States”和客观事实可知，马丁·路德·金对美国的社会影响是有形的、持久的，空格处意为“持久的”，用形容词作表语，是lasting，故选A。 43．考查形容词。句意：我们在Up with People的所有人都相信个人的力量可以带来改变。根据“the power of individuals to make a difference”可知，句子表示“我们在Up with People的所有人都相信个人的力量可以带来改变”，空格处意为“相信”，用形容词作表语，是convinced，故选F。 44．考查名词。句意：通过音乐和行动，我们赋予年轻人力量，使他们成为一个更有希望、更信任、更和平的世界的积极变革推动者。根据“change for a more hopeful, trusting, and peaceful world”可知，句子表示“我们赋予年轻人力量，使他们成为一个更有希望、更信任、更和平的世界的积极变革推动者”，空格处意为“原动力”，是agent，故选C。 45．考查形容词。句意：你可能认为你所能带来的改变是微不足道的。根据“No matter what corner of the world you call home, what you do everyday matters and even small acts can make giant ripples of good in this world we all share”可知，句子表示“你可能认为你所能带来的改变是微不足道的”，空格处意为“微不足道的”，用形容词作表语，是insignificant，故选K。 46．考查形容词。句意：我们所做的必须是巨大的才能有所作为，这是一个神话。根据下文“You don’t have to be Martin Luther King Jr. to have a positive social impact on your community”可知，句子表示“我们所做的必须是巨大的才能有所作为，这是一个神话”，空格处意为“巨大的”，用形容词作表语，是enormous，故选D。 47．考查形容词。句意：永远不要怀疑，一小群有思想、有决心的公民可以改变世界。根据上文“thoughtful and”和下文“can change the world”可知，句子表示“一小群有思想、有决心的公民可以改变世界”，空格处意为“有决心的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词citizens，是committed，故选I。 48．考查动词。句意：贡献金钱或时间。根据上文“Spread kindness”可知，句子表示“贡献金钱”，空格处意为“贡献”，是contribute，位于句首，首字母大写，故选E。 49．考查名词。句意：成为一名赞助商或参加一个有意义的活动。根据下文“from supporting children to the elderly”可知，句子表示“成为一名赞助商”，空格处意为“赞助商”，是sponsor，故选H。 50．考查固定短语。句意：无论你参与什么，都会因为你的行动而极大地推动这场运动。根据下文“Pick one thing to start”可知，句子表示“无论你参与什么，都会因为你的行动而极大地推动这场运动”，此处意为“参与”，是固定短语get involved in，因此空格处是involved。故选G。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．elevating         B．context        C． implications         D．vitality        E. afraid F. deep-rooted       G. routine        H. running          I. interpreted       J. altered     K. frozen Unlocking the Secrets of Your Night Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night’s sleep, and each dream period lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. There is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly 51 —and that is a big “if”—we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at three common dreams and what they potentially symbolize. Dream 1: I can see their laughing faces laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative 52 . On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday 53 . It may also symbolize a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is 54 of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent feelings of inferiority, which the dreamer attempts to get rid of by literally and physically 55 themselves above others. Dream 2: I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. It doesn’t matter how fast I go. I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and 56 , it can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By 57 hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stop moving. This makes the fear even more terrifying. One possible explanation is that the person is under pressure in their everyday life. Dream 3: I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped. Trapped in my own bed. This symbol is associated with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot; 58 in’ a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent 59 for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something that you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a(n) 60 fear of losing a job and a livelihood. 【答案】 51．I 52．C 53．G 54．E 55．A 56．D 57．H 58．K 59．B 60．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要解读了三种常见的梦的含义。 51．考查动词。句意：如果它们能被正确地解释——这是一个很大的“如果”——我们就能更好地了解自己。根据下文“Here, we look at three common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.”可知，下文是解释梦的含义，所以此处指“如果梦能被正确地解读”，动词interpret，解释，符合语境，结合“can be”可知，此处需填过去分词形式interpreted。故选I。 52．考查名词。句意：这个梦既有积极的含义，也有消极的含义。根据下文“On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday 　　3　　”可知，此处在解释梦的含义，C项implications“含义，暗示”符合语境，在句中作宾语。故选C。 53．考查名词。句意：从积极的方面来看，这个梦可能表达了一种强烈的旅行欲望，摆脱日常生活常规的束缚。根据“the dream may express a strong desire to travel”可知，此处指想要摆脱日常生活常规的束缚。routine，常规，名词作宾语。故选G。 54．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，这个梦可能意味着这个人有问题或害怕某事，他们希望逃避。根据“this dream can mean the person has a problem”可知，此处表示害怕某事，空处需填形容词作表语，be afraid of为固定搭配，意为“害怕”。故选E。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个梦可能代表着自卑感，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上抬高自己来摆脱这种自卑感。根据“The dream could represent feelings of inferiority”可知，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上抬高自己来摆脱这种自卑感，elevate，动词，抬高，介词by后面接动名词作宾语。故选A。 56．考查名词。句意：虽然这是健康和活力的传统象征，但它可能暗示梦者正在试图逃离危险。根据上文“I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. It doesn’t matter how fast I go. I still can’t escape.”可知，这样的梦是健康和活力的传统象征，空处和名词“health”并列，vitality，活力，名词。故选D。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过努力奔跑，做梦的人可能会逃离威胁。根据“the dreamer can possibly escape the threat.”可知，努力奔跑，可能会逃离威胁，run，动词，跑，位于介词by后面，需用动名词running，作宾语。故选H。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们被困在一个可怕的环境中，无处可逃，随着时间的流逝，他们变得越来越害怕。根据“They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot”可知，此处表示停止在一个可怕的环境中，freeze，动词，（因害怕）停住不动，they和freeze为被动关系，需用过去分词形式作状语。故选K。 59．考查名词。句意：这种梦的另一个常见情境是在公共场合做某事失败，通常是你通常非常擅长的事情，比如你的工作。根据“failing to do something in public”可知，此处描述的是一个情境，context，情境，名词作主语。故选B。 60．考查形容词。句意：这不仅非常尴尬，而且还显示出对失去工作和生计的根深蒂固的恐惧。根据“fear of losing a job and a livelihood”可知，对失去工作和生计的根深蒂固的恐惧，deep-rooted，根深蒂固的，形容词作定语，修饰名词fear。故选F。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．available B．carried C． exploring D．introduced E. management F. nasty G. packed H. quality I. reduction J. signal K. visit After-school tutoring to change course under new regulations Zhong Kaitong, a fourth-grade pupil at a primary school in Guangzhou, enjoys a much more energetic summer vacation this year. Instead of English or mathematics courses she used to attend, her vacation is 61 with fun and laughter, playing badminton and basketball in the playground. Chinese authorities have in recent months 62 out a series of strict regulations to deal with after-school training and ease the burden on primary and middle school students. In late May, authorities ordered the comprehensive 63 of off-campus training institutions and a tougher crackdown on unqualified operations, false advertising, and so on. Last month, central authorities 64 a guideline to ease the burden of too much homework and off-campus tutoring for young students. It details requirements in areas such as the 65 of homework and improving quality of education and after-class services provided by schools. A(n) 66 to several training centers around a primary school in Shenyang, found empty classrooms. Such tutoring has been suspended for about a week and will not be 67 for the whole summer vacation, they say. Some tutoring institutions are actively seeking transformation under the new guidelines. A manager in charge of one major tutoring company says 70 percent of their business has been affected, and that they are 68 new service areas to adapt to the new policy. All these moves have sent a very clear 69 to bring education back as a public welfare, and guide the educational training industry to develop in a direction of improving students’ comprehensive 70 , says Chen Xianzhe, a professor at South China Normal University. 【答案】 61．G 62．B 63．E 64．D 65．I 66．K 67．A 68．C 69．J 70．H 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国政府最近出台的一系列严格规定，以减轻中小学生的课外培训负担和课业负担，从而让他们能够享受更轻松愉快的假期。 61．考查形容词。句意：她的假期充满了乐趣和笑声，在操场上打羽毛球和篮球，而不是过去参加的英语或数学课程。根据句中“fun and laughter”可推知，她的假期与以往不同，“充满”了乐趣和笑声；用形容词packed构成短语be packed with，意为“充满……”，符合句意。故选G项。 62．考查动词和时态。句意：近几个月来，中国当局实施了一系列严格的规章制度来处理课后培训，减轻中小学生的负担。根据句中“Chinese authorities”和“a series of strict regulations”可知，当局“实施”了系列规章制度，用动词短语carry out，意为“实施：使（法律、政策等）生效或实施”，句中使用了一般过去时态。故选B项。 63．考查名词。句意：5月下旬，当局下令对校外培训机构进行全面管理，并对不合格经营、虚假广告等行为进行更严厉的打击。根据“authorities”和“off-campus training institutions”的关系可推知，是当局“管理”校外培训机构，用名词management，符合句意。故选E项。 64．考查动词和时态。句意：上个月，中央政府出台了一项指导方针，以减轻年轻学生过多的家庭作业和校外辅导的负担。根据句中“a guideline”可推知，政府“出台”了一项指导方针，用动词introduce，作句子谓语动词，用一般过去时态。故选D项。 65．考查名词。句意：它详细说明了诸如减少家庭作业、提高教育质量和学校提供的课后服务等方面的要求。根据上文“a guideline to ease the burden of too much homework”可推知，这项指导方针会要求“减少”家庭作业，用名词reduction作宾语，符合句意。故选I项。 66．考查名词。句意：记者走访了沈阳一所小学周围的几个培训中心，发现教室空无一人。根据句中“found”可推知，记者走访小学周围的几个培训中心，用名词visit作主语，结合冠词A(n)可知，用单数名词，符合句意。故选K项。 67．考查形容词。句意：他们说，这种辅导已经暂停了大约一个星期，整个暑假都不会提供。根据句中“suspended”可推知，这种培训辅导整个暑假都无法开展，用形容词available，意为“可用的，可获得的”，符合句意。故选A项。 68．考查动词。句意：一家大型家教公司的经理表示，他们70%的业务受到了影响，他们正在探索新的服务领域，以适应新政策。根据句中“70 percent of their business has been affected”和“new service areas”可推知，旧业务受影响，所有需要“探索”新的服务领域，用动词explore，作句子谓语动词，用现在分词构成现在进行时态。故选C项。 69．考查名词。句意：华南师范大学教授陈贤哲表示，所有这些举措都发出了一个非常明确的信号，即让教育回归公益，并引导教育培训行业朝着提高学生综合素质的方向发展。根据空格前冠词a可知，用单数名词作宾语，结合句意，表示“信号”，用名词signal，符合句意。故选J项。 70．考查名词。句意：华南师范大学教授陈贤哲表示，所有这些举措都发出了一个非常明确的信号，即让教育回归公益，并引导教育培训行业朝着提高学生综合素质的方向发展。空格处用名词作宾语，结合句意，表示“素质”，用名词quality；comprehensive quality“综合素质”，符合句意。故选H项。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acknowledging B．discouraged C． drain D．identify E. negative F. referring G. occurred H. pin I. refresh J. specific K. ultimately Make a Wish List Most of us know of New Year’s Resolutions, where one sets intentions for the year ahead. But too often, people make their resolutions 71 — “I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk” — and then feel unhappy. In the cold month of January, the last thing you need is to 72 your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself. And if you break a resolution, you feel 73 , which is a rubbish way to start the year. What you need instead are things to look forward to. So instead, try a wish list. This involves writing down 100 things you would like to do in the year ahead. The items can be enormous or tiny, ranging from “Climb Everest” to “buy a new pencil sharpener”. The main thing is that at some point it has 74 to you as something that you would like to do. The key here is — write it down. Do you feel any resistance to the ideas? If so, ask yourself why. What is wrong with 75 what you would like to do? Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t, I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down. It helps to be 76 , so rather than “Get outdoors”, 77 a place you would like to visit. And take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day. Think about it, polish it and 78 it. Finally, you have your list. And what a work of beauty it is. Here are all the things that you would like to do. Remember to 79 them up where you can see them; let yourself consider how they can be accomplished. You’ll be amazed that so many of your dreams can be realized though the simple trick of writing them down and 80 to them. 【答案】 71．E 72．C 73．B 74．G 75．A 76．J 77．D 78．I 79．H 80．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何列一个愿望清单。 71．考查形容词。句意：但很多时候，人们的决心都是消极的——“我不再吃办公桌上的饼干”——然后就会感到不开心。根据下文““I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel unhappy.”可知，此处指很多时候，人们的决心都是消极的，让人不开心的，应用形容词negative“消极的”，作宾语补足语。故选E。 72．考查动词。句意：在寒冷的一月，你最不需要做的就是与自己进行一系列的斗争，从而进一步消耗你的能量。根据空后“your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself”可知，此处指消耗你的能量，应用动词drain“使（精力、金钱等）耗尽”，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选C。 73．考查形容词。句意：如果你打破了一个决心，你会感到气馁，这是一个糟糕的开始。根据空前“And if you break a resolution”和空后“which is a rubbish way to start the year.”及常识可知，这种情况会让你感到气馁，应用形容词discouraged“气馁的”，作表语。故选B。 74．考查动词。句意：最重要的是，在某个时刻，你想到了你想做的事情。根据空后“something that you would like to do”可知，此处指你想到的事情，固定搭配sth. coccur to sb.“某人想到某事”，应用过去分词，与has构成现在完成时。故选G。 75．考查动词。句意：承认你想做什么有什么错呢？根据下文“Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down.”及空前“What is wrong with”可知，此处指承认你想做什么没什么错，应用动词acknowledge“承认”，位于介词之后，应用动名词。故选A。 76．考查形容词。句意：具体一点会有帮助，所以与其“到户外去”，不如确定一个你想去的地方。根据下文“so rather than “Get outdoors”, ____7____ a place you would like to visit”可知，此处指愿望清单上的事情应该是具体的，应用形容词specific“具体的”，作表语。故选J。 77．考查动词。句意：具体一点会有帮助，所以与其“到户外去”，不如确定一个你想去的地方。根据上文“It helps to be ____6____, so rather than “Get outdoors”,”可知，愿望清单应该具体的，而不是笼统的，比如确定一个你想去的地方，此处应用动词identify“确认”祈使句，应用动词原形。故选D。 78．考查动词。句意：仔细思考，润色并更新它。根据上文“And take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day.”可知，愿望清单不是一天就能完成的，应该仔细思考，润色并更新它。此处应用动词refresh“更新”，祈使句，应用动词原形。故选I。 79．考查动词。句意：记得把它们钉在看得见的地方；让你自己考虑一下如何完成它们。根据下文“where you can see them”可知，此处指把愿望清单钉在看得见的地方，应用动词pin“钉”，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形。故选H。 80．考查动词。句意：你会惊讶地发现，你的许多梦想都可以实现，尽管只是简单地把它们写下来，看看它们。根据上文“Remember to ____9____ them up where you can see them”可知，把愿望清单钉在看得见的地方，应该是经常看看它们，应用动词refer“查阅”，与writing是并列关系，应用动名词，作宾语。故选F。 （23-24高二上·上海·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clearing B．commercial C．cut D．effectively E．exhausting F．likewise G．range H．restoring I．scarcity J．surprisingly K．underestimated The best bosses know how to subtract work Companies are used to celebrating addition. Profits, customers and share prices should go up rather than fall. Innovation is the adding of new products. Larger numbers are a measure of career success. Firms are not always opposed to subtraction. There are good kinds of cuts. Reducing costs is a necessary part of management, though not a welcome one. But the value of doing less is 81 . The best bosses are those who take things away as well as add them on. That means 82 time for employees to get work done. Meetings are almost always called by bosses. Some are useful; many of them are not. Shopify, an e-commerce firm, began the year by deleting 12,000 meeting s from corporate calendars, and asking everyone to think carefully before 83 them. The company reports a rise in productivity as a result of the 84 . The only thing worse than having too many meetings is not being invited to them at all. So whenever meetings take place, 85 large numbers of people can turn up. Minus-minded managers will give employees permission not to attend if they are not needed. Good bosses, 86 , will send messages when necessary, not every time a bright idea pops into their head. They will reduce the tempo of work, by leaving employees time to concentrate. They will be clear if something is urgent or not. Subtraction is not just about removing day-to-day distractions. It’s also about taking decisions to kill off projects and products that are going nowhere, and to focus efforts on the most important bits of the business. In “The Case for Good Jobs”, a new book, Zeynep Ton of MIT Sloan School of Management argues that doing less can often make 87 sense. Costco, a well-regarded American retailer has a deliberately limited product 88 . That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively. Less may not sound like a great outcome for customers, but at some point choice is deeply 89 . When you have spent more time trying to decide what to watch on a streaming service than it takes to go to the cinema and watch “Oppenheimer” twice, 90 seems pretty attractive. 【答案】 81．K 82．A 83．H 84．C 85．J 86．F 87．B 88．G 89．E 90．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最好的老板知道如何减去工作量。 81．考查动词。句意：但是少做的价值被低估了。根据上文“There are good kinds of cuts. Reducing costs is a necessary part of management, though not a welcome one.”可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，指少做的价值被低估了，应用动词underestimate“低估”，使用过去分词，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选K。 82．考查动词。句意：这意味着为员工腾出时间完成工作。根据下文“Some are useful; many of them are not.”可知，此处指给员工清除一些无用的时间，以完成工作，应用动词clear“清除”，固定搭配mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选A。 83．考查动词。句意：电子商务公司Shopify今年年初删除了公司日历上的1.2万个会议，并要求每个人在恢复会议之前仔细考虑。根据上文“Shopify, an e-commerce firm, began the year by deleting 12,000 meetings from corporate calendars”可知，该公司删除了大量的会议，此处指在恢复会议之前仔细考虑，应用动词restore“恢复”，作介词before的宾语，应用动名词。故选H。 84．考查名词。句意：该公司报告说，由于削减，生产力提高了。根据上文“Shopify, an e-commerce firm, began the year by deleting 12,000 meeting s from corporate calendars, and asking everyone to think carefully before 　　3　　 them.”可知，此处指消减了很多会议，应用名词cut“消减”。故选C。 85．考查副词。句意：所以无论什么时候开会，都会有惊人数量的人出席。根据下文“Minus-minded managers will give employees permission not to attend if they are not needed.”可知，开会时都会有惊人数量的人出席，所以有的管理者会允许员工在不需要的情况下不参加会议，此处应用副词surprisingly“惊人地”，修饰后面句子，作状语。故选J。 86．考查副词。句意：同样地，好的老板也会在必要的时候发出信息，而不是在他们脑海中闪现出一个好主意的时候。根据上文“Minus-minded managers will give employees permission not to attend if they are not needed.”可知，此处指好的老板也同样会这样做，应用副词likewise“同样地”，修饰整句话，作状语。故选F。 87．考查形容词。句意：麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院的泽伊内普•托恩在新书《为好工作辩护》中指出，少做往往能在商业上有意义。根据语境可知，此处指“在商业上有意义”，应用形容词commercial“商业的”，修饰名词sense，作定语。故选B。 88．考查名词。句意： Costco是一家颇受尊敬的美国零售商，它刻意将产品范围限定在一定范围内。根据下文“That means it can focus its buying power more effectively, forecast demand more accurately and use its employees’ time more productively.”可知，此处指将产品范围限定在一定范围内，应用名词range “范围”。故选G。 89．考查形容词。句意：对客户来说，少听起来可能不是一个好结果，但在某些时候，选择是非常累人的。根据语境及常识可知，在众多产品中进行挑选是累人的，应用形容词exhausting“使人疲惫不堪的”，作表语。故选E。 90．考查名词。句意：当你花在决定在流媒体服务上看什么节目上的时间比去电影院看两遍Oppenheimer的时间还长时，稀缺似乎很有吸引力。根据语境可知，此处在作对比，应用名词scarcity“稀缺”。故选I。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$