Unit 5 Working the Land-【志鸿优化训练】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册笔记&必记（人教版2019）辽宁专用

UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND 核心单词 1.devote vt.把…献（给）：把…专用于：专心于 devote.to(doing)sth把…献给；致力于… devote oneself to致力于：献身于：专心于 devoted ad.挚爱的：忠实的 be devoted to(doing)sth献身于：专心致志于 devotion n.深爱：奉献 After he has retired,he'll devote himself to writing. 退休后他将把精力放在写作上。 Devoted to the study of science,she had little time to take care of her children. 她献身于科学研究，几乎没有时间照看自己的孩子。 She is a devoted fan and is devoted to her favourite singer. 她是一名忠实的粉丝，深爱着她喜爱的歌手。 The fans are devoted to their stars. 粉丝们十分爱他们的偶像。 Neighbours devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. 邻居们把自己的业余时间都用在帮助别人重建家园了。 易错提醒表示“专心于：致力于”的短语除了be devoted to外，还有：be addicted to;be absorbed in;be lost in;focus on:concentrate on. 2.convince vr.使相信：使确信：说服 convince sb of sth使某人相信/信服 convince sb to do说服某人去做某事 convince sb that.使某人相信… convinced ad.确信的；信服的 be convinced of.../that.,确信；承认 convincing adj.有说服力的 I am convinced of his innocence. 我相信他是无辜的。 His idea was not convincing.At last I convinced him of changing his mind. 他的观点没有说服力。最终我说服他改变了主意。 I've been trying to convince Jean to go with me. 我一直设法说服吉恩和我一起去。 Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own. 专家们确信，随着将来越来越多的人学习英语并把它作为自己的语言，这一现象将会发生。 3.assumption n.假定；设定：（责任的）承担：（权利的）获得 assume vt.假设：假定：担任：承担 assume that.,.假定…：认为… assume..tobe.认为…是…：假定…是 assuming that假定…（作状语） 英语· 31 ☑笔记&必记 We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有罪，我们就必须假定他是清白的。 The theory is based on a series of wrong assumption,so it can't be put into practice. 这个理论是建立在一系列错误的假设之上的，所以它不可能被实施。 The world was in shock-maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane. 全世界都震惊了一也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险」 So.let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. 那么，我们来假定大多数人认为历史建筑既充满魅力，又十分重要。 I didn't see your car,so I assumed you'd gone out. 我没有看到你的车，所以我以为你外出了。 I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 我犯了一个错误，我会为此承担责任。 4.reality m.现实：实际情况：事实 in reality(=in fact))事实上：实际上 The reality is that..实际情况是… become a reality成为现实 real adj.真实的：真的 really adv.真实地：事实上 realize vt.实现，领悟：意识到 Everyone likes the stranger.but in reality he is a criminal. 每个人都喜欢那个陌生人，但实际上他是个罪犯。 The reality is that I don't like contemporary music. 实际情况是，我并不喜欢当代音乐。 He made his dream of going to college realised. 他实现了上大学的梦想。 5.alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的：非传统的 alternative ways/.methods各种供选择的方法 an alternative to.,…的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事 There is no alternative.,别无选择 In the future,we will use more alternative energy,such as wave power and wind power. 将来我们会更多地使用替代能源，如潮汐能和风能 There are several alternatives to your plan. 除了你的计划外，还有另外几种供选择的方案。 核心短语 1.devote,.to把…用于：献身：致力：专心 He was single-mindedly devoted to the hastening of freedom for the oppressed. 他一心一意致力于早日让被压迫者获得自由。 He has always devoted himself to his music. 他一直致力于音乐。 32 ·英语 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND The doctor devoted himself to the cure of cancer. 这名医生把自己奉献于癌症的治疗上。 He devoted himself to the nourishment of education. 他献身于发展教有事业。 2.be comprised of包括：包含；由…组成（或构成） The task foree is comprised of congressional leaders,cabinet heads and administration officials. 工作小组由国会领导人、内阁首脑和行政官员组成。 The Aerometric and Emissions Reporting System is comprised of input forms,files,programs and reports. 大气测量和排放量报表系统，包括输入格式、文件、程序和报告书。 The group is comprised of two guitarists,a drummer and a singer. 该乐团由两名吉他手、一名鼓手和一名主唱组成。 3.far from远离：远非 Being dyslexic does not mean that one is unintelligent.Far from it. 患有诵读困难症并不意味着智力低下。两者相差甚远。 Francis Watson was far from being merely a furniture expert. 弗朗西斯·沃森远远不止是个家具行家。 To be candid with you,your son is far from trust worthy. 实不相瞒，你的儿子是靠不住的。 His work is far from perfect. 他的工作远非十全十美。 4.depend on依赖：依靠 Whether such properties are a good deal will depend on individual situations. 这样的地产是否可获得大笔收益还要视具体情形而定。 The Oxfam shops depend on regular supplies of saleable items. 乐施商店靠出售一些人们定期捐赠的适销物品维持经营 Self-discipline,willingness,enthusiasm,that's what you must depend on. 自律、自愿与热情，这是你所必须依仗的。 5.given that考虑到 Given that they're inexperienced,they've done a good job. 在缺乏经验的情况下，他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。 Given that his age,we think he is too tall and strong. 考虑到他的年龄，我们认为他又高又壮。 6.at home and abroad国内外 She gives frequent performances of her work,both at home and abroad. 她经常在国内外演出自己的作品。 Agency France Presse enjoys great popularity both at home and abroad. 法新社在国内外都很有名气。 Saga features trips for older people at home and abroad all through the year. “传奇”旅行社为老年人提供全年的国内外旅游服务。 7,organic farming有机耕作 At first glance,organic farming looks much more expensive for the farmer. 乍一看，有机耕作对农民而言似乎花费大多了。 Organic farming is expanding everywhere. 有机农业正在各地迅速发展起来。 英语· 33 ☑笔记&必记 This leads Mister Pollan to explore small-scale,local organic farming. 这促使波伦先生研究小型的、当地的有机农场。 8.deep down在内心深处；本质上：实际上 We knew deep down that we could do it. 在内心深处，我们知道自己能够做到。 Deep down,we had always detested each other. 我们在心底里一直都讨厌彼此。 He is only a boy deep down. 他实际上还是个孩子。 9.in turn相应地：转而：依次：轮流 In the city squares the neon lights flashed in turn. 在城市广场上，宽虹灯依次闪烁。 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。 They answered the teacher's questions in turn. 他们依次回答了老师的问题。 10.for instance例如：比如 There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving:for instance,training lions. 有的工作比驾驶卡车更危险，例如驯狮。 Ethiopia,for instance uses the equivalent of just twenty kilos of oil per head a year. 比如说，埃塞俄比亚每年的人均消费支出仅相当于20千克的石油。 They will be concerned to do the right thing-to dress properly,for instance. 他们需要注意行为是否恰当一比如说，穿着得体。 核心句式 1.Yuan Longping,known as the "father of hybrid rice",is one of China's most famous scientists. 袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。 2.Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life. 事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之泰献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 3.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. 他的父母希望他从事科学或医学工作。 4.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最关心的是，农民往往收成不好，有时甚至粮食严重短缺。 5.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁确信，在杂交水稻的研发过程中，可以找到答案。 6.However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 然而，是否有可能研发出水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种类，却是一个争论不休的问题。 7.Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 34 ·英语 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND 经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术难关，于1974年研发出了第一株可用于农业的杂交水稻。 8.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻。 9.Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy,one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.However,this is far from the case. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远 非如此。 10.Deep down,Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. 事实上，袁隆平在内心深处依然是一个农民。 11.What some scientists have found is that their long term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health. 一些科学家发现，长期使用它们不但会破坏土地还会损害人们的健康。 12.Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. 有机农业完全不能满足那样的需求。 话题作文人类生存、社会发展与环境 I,话题词汇 1,shortage n.不足：短缺 2.alternative n.可供选择的事物 3.predict vt,预报：预言：预告 4,recycle vt.回收；再循环 5.advocate vr.拥护：支持：提倡 6.preserve vt.保护：保留：保存 7.pollute vt.污染 8.radiation n.放射：放射物 9.waste n.废料 10.environmentally-friendly adj.环保的 1l.litter n.垃圾 12.harm n.&vl.伤害：损伤 harmful adj..有害的：致伤的 harmless adj..无害的：不致伤的 l3.health n,健康；卫生 healthy adj,健康的：健壮的 14.allergic adj.过敏的 15.disappear vi.消失 I6.threaten vt.威胁 17.protect vt..保护 18.erupt vi.(火山)爆发：喷发 19.terrify vt..使恐惧 20.frighten vt.使惊恐 2l.distribute vt.发放：分发 英语· 35 ☑笔记&必记 22.ecology n.生态：生态学 23.evolution m.进化：演变 24.survival n.存活：幸存 25.primitive adj.原始的：远古的 26.bare adj.裸露的 27.extinet adj.灭绝的 28.preserve vt,保护 29.mud slide泥石流landslide山体滑坡 30.geography n.地理 31.province n.省 32.capital n.省府：省会 33.ocean m.海洋：大海 34.continent m.陆地；大陆；大洲 35.stream.小河：溪流 36.range.山脉 37.valley n.山谷：溪谷 38.urban ad5j.城市的：城镇的 39.local adj..当地的 40.native adj.本地的：本国的 4l.remote adj.偏远的：偏僻的 42.injure vt.伤害：损害 43.necessary adj.必需的：必要的 44.nutrition.营养；滋养 45.flood n.洪水t.淹没：泛溢 46.drought n.千早 47.organic adj..有机的：不使用化肥的 48.conventional adi.传统的：习惯的 49.output1.产量：输出 50.chemical adj..与化学有关的：化学的 Ⅱ，话题短语 1.in turn反过来：转而：轮流 2.in danger在危险中：垂危 3.in the end最终 4.as a result结果 5.the limited amount of有限数量的 6.be good./bad for对…有益/有害 7.be worried about对…担心/焦虑 8.natural resources自然资源 9.environmental protection环境保护 I0.ecological balance生态平衡 1l.be covered with被…覆盖 12.be rich in富含 l3.be high/low in含…高/低 I4.recover from从.中恢复 36 ·英语 UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND 15.suffer from遭受：患上 I6.save energy节约能源 17.get damaged遭到破坏 18.live in harmony with..与…和谐相处 19.organic farming有机耕作 20.devote.to奉献于 Ⅲ.话题佳句 1.Any government,which is blind to this point,may pay a heavy price. 任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。 2.In view of the seriousness of this problem,effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 3.Water resources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use. 水资源已经被污染得如此严重，以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或使用。 4.It's high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment. 到了我们应该高度重视环境保护的时候了。 5.According to a recent survey,millions of people die each year from diseases linked to environmental problems. 最近一项调查显示，每年有数百万的人死于与环境问题有关的疾病。 6.When there is something wrong in the forest,there is something wrong in society. 当森林出问题的时候，社会就出了问题。 7.It is high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm. 该是我们采取措施来阻止全球变暖的时候了。 8.It is necessary for us to protect our environment. 对我们来说，保护环境是必要的。 9.Only in this way can we live in a harmonious society. 只有这样我们才能生活在一个和谐的社会 10.It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure. 无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。 N,话题作文 假如你是济南第一中学(Jinan No.1 High School)的李华，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的 儿童。请根据以下启事，写一封英文申请信。 启事：国际儿童基金会将帮助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得 项目经费5000元。 有意者请来信告知： 1.你个人的基本情况： 2.你对申请项目的基本设想： 3.项目经费的使用计划。 英语· 37 ☑笔记&必记 参考范文： Dear Chairman, I'm writing to you to apply for the project,which will offer me an opportunity to help more children. First,I'll introduce myself to you.I'm Li Hua,a Senior 2 student of good character and fine scholarship at Jinan No.I High School.I'm always ready to help others in my daily life.If I succeed in applying for it,I'll keep in touch with the poor children frequently by writing letters,emails or meeting face to face.In the meanwhile,I'll help them acquire a correct outlook on life,helping them exploit knowledge to change their fortune. Taking the project fund into account,I'll divide it into two parts.One is used for their tuition;the other is for their daily life. Such is my plan.I'm looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 38 ·英语