Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 限制性定语从句之关系词的确定课件-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering useful structures 1 什么是主句、定语从句、先行词、关系词？ This is the boy who won the fist prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。 定语从句：修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句。 个人预学 主句 先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 考点1.相关概念 第1讲 关系词的选择技巧 教师导学 Ⅰ 指人时可以用who，也可用that Do you know the boy who/ that is my desk mate? Ⅱ指物时可以用which，也可用 that I like visiting places which/ that are not far away. Ⅲ whose 可以指人也可以指物 He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time. The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. IV 关系代词作宾语时可以省略 I like the meal that/ which/( )we had last night 注：()表示关系代词省略 A. 关系代词 教师导学 关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。 We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it.(how 不能作关系词) B.关系副词 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词 主句： 定语从句： 先行词： 关系词： 例：This is the book that I have been looking for. 1. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. 2. I still remember the day which we spent together last week. 3. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. 4. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. 5. There is no reason why we shouldn't be friends. 6. They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. 7.Is this the hospital where you were born? 训练验学 教师导学 考点2.关系词的三个作用 He works in a factory, which is not far from his home. 本句中，关系词是which，在定语从句中作主语，指代先行词factory的意思，起着连接两个分句的作用。 A. 作定语从句的一个句子成分B.起着连接主句和从句的作用 C.指代先行词的意思 教师导学 考点3.关系词的选择技巧 Ⅰ 找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分(关系词划分在从句里面)，再找出先行词和关系词。 Ⅱ 还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话(可以添词)。 Ⅲ提问：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分。实际上就是对定语从句中添加部分进行提问。对主语和宾语提问，要用代词；对状语提问，要用副词。时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why。 A.选用关系词的方法：一找、二还、三提问 训练验学 考点3.关系词的选择技巧 应用举例1： This is the school I once studied. 一找： This is the school I once studied. 二还：先行词是the school，由于关系词指代先行词的意思，所以横线上词的词义是“那个学校”。把定语从句心那个学校 I once studied”恢复成完整的一句话为：I once studied at the school. 三提问：添加的 at the school在从句中作地点状语，要用where来提问，因此这里要填关系副词where. 考点3.关系词的选择技巧 This is the school is the most famous in the city. 一找： This is the school is the most famous in the city. 二还：先行词是the school，由于关系词指代先行词的意思，所以横线上词的词义是“那个学校”。把定语从句 “那个学校 is the most famous in the city”恢复成完整的一句话为：The school is the most famous in the city. 三提问：添加的 the school在从句中作主语，对其提问要问“哪一个(学校)在这个城市最出名”，因此用which。关系代词是which时，也可以用that。因此，横线上要填关系代词which或 that。 应用举例2： 训练验学 考点3.关系词的选择技巧 一找：The boy father is a policeman offered to help. 二还：先行词是 the boy，由于关系词指代先行词的意思，所以横线上词的词义是“那个男孩”。把定语从句“那个男孩father is a policeman”恢复成完整的一句话为: The boy's father is a policeman. 三提问：添加的 the boy's在从句中作father的定语，对其提问要说“谁的父亲是一个警察？”，故用whose。因此，横线上要填关系代词whose。 应用举例3： 训练验学 The boy father is a policeman offered to help. 考点3.关系词的选择技巧 This is the reason he was late that day. 一找：This is the reason he was late that day. 二还：先行词是the reason，由于关系词指代先行词的意思，所以横线上词的词义是“这个原因”。把定语从句“这个原因 he was late that day”恢复成完整的一句话为：He was late that day for the reason. 三提问：添加的 for the reason在从句中作原因状语，对共提问要说“为什么他迟到了？”，故用 why。因此，横线上要填关系副词 why 应用举例4： 训练验学 考点3.关系词的选择技巧 Do you remember the day we met for the first time? 一找：Do you remember the day we met for the first time? 二还：先行词是the day，由于关系词指代先行词的意思，所以横线上词的词义是“这一天”。把定语从句“这一天we met for the first time”恢复成完整的一句话为：We met for the first time on the day. 三提问：添加的 on the day 在从句中作时间状语，对其提问要说“什么时候我们第一次见面？”，故用when。因此，横线上要填关系副词when. 应用举例5： 训练验学 B.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分 含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。 1. He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. 2. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. 3. I like the school which is near to my home. 4. I like the school where my sister studies. 在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词 which;在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。 教师导学 C.注意：关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首 【2009江西】The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building,A.in it B.in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用 that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语，放在句首并且省略了。因此选B. B 教师导学 1. Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B.what C.how D. why 2. Is this the reason he was so careless in his work?A. that B. what C.how D.why 3. He lives in a village is not far from the city.A.which B.where C.what D.whose 4. He lives in the village he was born.A.which B.where C.what D. whose 5. In an hour, we travel to places could have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D. what 练习.利用“一找、二还、三提问”的方法选择关系词 A D A B C 训练验学 7. I'll never forget the days we spent together.A. that B./ C.when D.A and B 8. 【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A.as B.why C.when D.where 9. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways do not do harm to other living things.A. in which B./ C.how D.that 10. Is this the factory color TV sets are produced? A.when B. the one where C.that D.in which 练习.利用“一找、二还、三提问”的方法选择关系词 D C D D 训练验学 11. This is the factory produces color TV sets.A.where B.the one where C. that D. in which 12. 【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.which B.where C.who D. that 13. 【2011福建】 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other.A.which B.where C.what D.who 14.【2012 江西】By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A.which B.when C.what D.that 练习.利用“一找、二还、三提问”的方法选择关系词 C B A A 训练验学 第2讲关系副词 关系副词有when,where,why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语；how不能作关系副词。 A. when →介词+whichI will never forget the day we met for the first time. 考点1.关系副词可以与“介词+关系代词”相转换 先行词是the day，定语从句恢复成完整的一句话是：We met for the first time on the day.把on the day替换为关系词要用when;只把the day替换为关系词要用 which, on the day 就成了 on which。因此，这里可以填关系副词 when，也可用“介词+关系代词”on which。 when/on which 个人预学 B. why→ for+whichI don’t know the reason he did it. 考点1.关系副词可以与“介词+关系代词”相转换 C. where→介词+whichThis is the farm we worked when we were young. why/for which 先行词是the reason，定语从句恢复成完整的一句话：He did it for the reason.把for the reason替换为关系词要用why；把the reason替换为关系词要用which，for the reason就成了for which。因此这里填why/ for which。 先行词是farm，定语从句恢复成完整的一句话后是：We worked on the farm when we were young。on the farm 可以替换为 where/on which。因此填 where/on which。 where/on which 教师导学 1. 【2015陕西】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A.which B. where C.whom D.when 2.【2009重庆】Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A.why B.what C. that D.where 3. 【2013四川】Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.A. what B.which C.when D.where 4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the island he grew up as a child.A. in which B.that C.on which D.when 5. This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.that C.for which D.because which 练习： D D D C C 训练验学 考点2. the way 先行词，并且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词要用 in which /that /省略 首先要确定 the way 在定语从句中作什么成分。如果the way在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。 ①I don’t like the way will cost too much money.②The way he thought of to solve the problem was not practical. that/which that/which/省略 1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great- grandma cannot forget. 2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 4. Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. 5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. 课本P52用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词 主句： 定语从句： 先行词： 关系词： 训练验学 Find more sentences with restrictive clause from the text on page 50. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.(Paragraph 1) Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.(Paragraph 2) Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. (Paragraph 2) The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. (Paragraph 2) ... the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (Paragraph 4) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (Paragraph 4) 1. Here are some of the people _______ homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ________ were asleep. 3. The next day, eople put up shelters in the open air using anything ____they could find. whose who that 2. Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or /. Then translate the sentences into Chinese. 训练验学 课本P52 24 4. Several days later, most of the buildings_______ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5. The injured boy _______mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ________ she was rescued. 7. Is this the young boy ________saved several other students trapped under buildings? which whose who whom 训练验学 第3讲 介词+关系代词 考点1.关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或which,不可用who, that. 关系代词不直接位于介词后时，也可用who,that，也可省略。 判断下列句子是否正确，如有错误，请改正过来 1.He is the man with who she went to Europe.2.He is the man whom she went to Europe with.3.He is the man who she went to Europe with.4.He is the man that she went to Europe with.5.He is the man she went to Europe with. who 改为whom 考点2. look after, look for 等固定短语动词 在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开，如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of. This is the baby tomorrow.A.after whom I shall lookB. whom I shall look afterC. whose I shall look afterD.after whom I shall look after B 考点4.“介词+关系代词”作后置定语时，可移到所修饰词之前 1. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad. 篮子里有好多苹果，有些已经坏了。 2. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. 我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。 3. China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which (=of which the largest)is Taiwan. 4. Tom tried on two jackets, neither of which(=of which neither) fitted him. 5. They've got three cars, two of which =(of which two)they never use. 6. The factory has over 8,000 workers, eighty percent of whom=(of whom eighty percent) are women. 1. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.A.for which B. in which C.of which D. from which 2. In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses.A.in whom B. in them C.of whom D.of them 3. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which C C A 练习: 第4讲 只能用that 不能用which的情况 考点1.先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时, 关系词只能用that. 1. He never reads anything is not worth reading.A.which B.as C.who D.that 2. 【2010全国2】 I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else's fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what D B 考点2.先行词是all, much, little, none 或先行词被 all,much, little,no,any修饰时,关系词只能用that。 1. There is not much can be done.A.that B.which C.what D.how 2. There is no difficulty can't be overcome in the world. A.that B.which C.who D.what A A 考点3.先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very,the only,the same 修饰时， 关系词只能用 that。 1. The most important thing we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said.A.which; that B. that;which C.which; which D.that; that D 考点4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that 1. We're talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that D 考点5.关系代词在从句中作表语, 关系词只能用that。 1. She is no longer the sweet girl she used to be.A.what B.who C.when D.that D 考点6.当先行词前面有which， who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that 1.Who is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A.who B. that C.which D.whom B 第5讲 其他有关关系代词选择的规则 考点1. 只用which, who, whom不用that的情况 A. 关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which,不用that; 要用whom,不用who Many young peope, most their dreams. of whom B.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which，who,whom，不用that，也不能省略 That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.that B.which C.what D.when B 考点2.whose 可指人也可指物若指物，它还可以与of which互换；若指人，一般不与of whom互换。 1. He lives in a house. Its window faces south.—He lives in a house whose window faces south. 2. He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.→He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.→He lives in a house, of which the window faces south. He is the farmer. His son is studying in Tsinghua University.由于我们一般说his son，不说the son of him，(有生命的常用名词所有格而不用of属格)因此我们只能说：He is the farmer whose son is studying in TsinghuaUniversity. 而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Tsinghua University. 7. I saw some trees the leaves were black with disease.A.where B.of which C. in which D.whose B 考点3. 当先行词为one, ones,anyone,everyone, none,all 指人时，关系代词常用who Anyone is against us is our enemy. All heard the story were amazed. who who 第4讲 as, but, than用作关系代词 考点1. as引导限制性定语从句例题： I had never heard such an interesting story you told me yesterday. A. that B.which C.as D.that/ which 有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识e a 学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。要记住：下面四种情况，关系代词要用as而不能用that, which. C A.先行词被such修饰时，构成“such...as...” Dut It's such a heavy stone as nobody can move.那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。(as作宾语) Don't trust such men as praise you to your face.不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。(as作主语) B. 先行词被 the same修饰时，构成“the same...as...” We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.我们已得出和他们同样的结论。(as作宾语) This is the same watch as was worn by John.这与约翰戴的那块表一样。(as 作主语) C.先行词被as修饰，构成“as...as...” 它可以看作是“as+形容词+as”的一种变化形式。He is as good as his brother.他和他弟弟一样好。 这句话还可以表达为： He is as good a boy as his brother. It's as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as 作宾语) D.先行词被“so+形容词+冠词”修饰 前面我们学过，修饰名词时 such 和as 可以相互转化。 如：such a good student=so good a student He is such a good student as every teacher likes. =He is so good a student as every teacher likes. 考点2. the same..as与 the same..that he same...as 指同一类，the same..that 指同一个。I bought the same car as yours. This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。 考点3. such..as和such... that的区别(该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句) 如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。 It was so difficult a problem no one worked it out.这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。 It was so difficult a problem no one worked out. 这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。 that as 1. He is such a lazy man nobody wants to work with . A. as; him B.that;/ C.as;/ D.whom; him 2. It wasn't such a good present he had promised me.A. that B.as C.which D.what 3. We should read such books will make us better and wiser.A.when B.as C.whose D.what 4. This is such a heavy box I can't move it.A.as B.that C.which D.whose 5. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem none of us worked out.A.as B.that C.which D.whose C B B B A $$