考点17 高考高频考点特殊句式（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（北京专用）

考点17 高考高频考点特殊句式（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 北京近三年高考真题考点分布 考点 题型 语法填空 2024 考查方向 考例 省略句 And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title,… 2023 —— 2022 —— 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对特殊句式的考查注重在复杂语境下与其它语法知识的综合考查。如语法填空中可以考查状语从句和省略句的综合运用，可以考查动词的主谓一致现象。阅读理解中出现的特殊句式会影响对句子和文章的准确理解。尤其在书面表达中熟练运用特殊句式成为得分的亮点。 【备考策略】 1. 掌握完全倒装和部分倒装句的用法。 2. 掌握强调句的高频考点及特殊用法。 3. 掌握省略句的基本用法及在复合句中的常见考点。 4. 掌握感叹句的用法和易混点。 5.掌握祈使句的用法和易错点。 【命题预测】 预测２０２５年高考语法填空对特殊句式的考查仍有涉及。 考点一 倒装句 01完全倒装（副词/介词短语/形容词短语+谓语+主语） 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词如here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等用于句首. 例1. There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 例2. Out rushed the students. 例3. Down fell the apple. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。 例2.Look! From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic. 看!两个孩子从街对面过来，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。 例3.Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 3.such作表语置于句首时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。 例2 .Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 4.为了平衡句子结构，表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1) 形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2) 过去分词+连系动词+主语 例1. Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 例2. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 埋在沙子里的是一个古老的村庄。 (3) 介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花，蜡烛和玩具。 易错提醒： 1. there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首，句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词，可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。 2. only修饰主语置于句首时, 不用倒装。 3. 若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。 4. 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。 5. Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 6. though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 02部分倒装 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等。表示否定意义的词组开头，要用部分倒装语序。 例1. Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 例2. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头，说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。 a．“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。 例1 —I've got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 —So have I.我也如此。 例2. Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语，我也喜欢英语。 b．“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。 I don't like it, neither does Tom. 我不喜欢它，汤姆也不喜欢它。 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，为了强调，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。 例1. So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 例3. So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。 例1. Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 例2. Much as I like it, I'll not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。 易错提醒：在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中，were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 例1.Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。 例2. Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 例1. Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 例2. Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) 只有用这种方法才能可能解释它。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 例1. May you succeed!祝你成功! 例2. Long live the People’s Republic of China! = May the People’s Republic of China (should) live long. 中华人民共和国万岁！ 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。 03 there be 句型 1.There be 句型表示“某地有某物或某时有某事”。there 是引导词，be 后面的名词是主语，基本结构为 “there be+人或物+地点或时间”。 例1. There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。 例2. I think there is a problem with the engine.【2021年新高考I卷听力】 我想是引擎出了问题。 例3. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.【2024年新高考I卷读后续写】 在入口处，有一台提款机。 2. There be 句型中的主谓一致的原则 主语是单数或不可数名词时，be用单数形式。主语是复数名词时，be用复数形式。如果主语是并列结构,be动词应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词与离其最近的主语保持一致。 例1. There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 例2. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. 有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适 3.There be 句型中常用动词和形式 There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可以用 seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或半系动词remain，stand，lie，go，exist, follow，live，come，occur 等替换。结构有的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 例1. Despite the defence, there is likely to be some flooding. 尽管有保护措施，但洪水还是很可能涌进城市。 例2. Once upon a time, there lived an old king in the castle. 从前，那座城堡里住着一位国王。 4.There be 句型的常考句式： There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 5. There be 句型中的非谓语形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do，we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做，我们就回家了。 考点二 强调句 句子 句型 陈述句式 It is/was...that/who... 一般疑问句 Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋ is / was it＋ that ＋句子的其余部分? not...until... It is/was not until...that. 01 It is/was...that/who...强调句 1.It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。强调的是现在时或将来时，用It is...that/who...；强调部分是过去时，用It was...that/who...。 例1. It was him who won the game held last week. 是他赢得了上周举行的比赛。. 例2. It was in the park that he met Lily for the first time. 正是在那个公园他第一次遇到了lily。 2.在强调句中, 当强调主语时, 其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例1. It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. 02 强调句的疑问句形式 1. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分? 2. 强调句的特殊疑问句句型为: 疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? 例1. Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里见到杰克的？ 例2. When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的? 03 强调句与定语从句和名词性从句易混辨析 强调句与主语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子结构仍然完整, 而主语从句却不能。 1. It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句) 2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) 强调句与定语从句的区别 强调句中that没有意义, 且不作任何成分, 而定语从句中that为关系代词, 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1. It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调句) 2. It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语从句) 强调句与状语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that后, 结构完整, 而It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代时间。 1. It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句) 2. It was six o’clock when I got up today. (状语从句) 04 do/does/did强调谓语 用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 1. do/does/did+动词原形。 例1. She does like music. 她真的喜欢音乐。 例2. She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 2. “never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。 名师提醒：在强调谓语时，do/does/did译为“的确、真的”等，其后动词用原形。 05 not...until用于强调句 “not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 例1. It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. 直到昨晚11点，他才上床睡觉。 例2. It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi. 直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。 名师提醒：Not until...用于句首时，也可表示强调，句子使用部分倒装。如，Not until 11 o’clock did he go to bed. 考点三 省略句 01 不定式的省略 1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。 2. 在feel, observe, hear, notice, see, watch等感官动词后作宾补的不定式也要省略to。 3. 在had better, would rather, rather than等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 4. 在由and, or, than连接的两个不定式中，第二个不定式to可以省去。 易错提醒：在被动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式前的to不能省略；需要强调对比或特定意义，保留to。 02 三大从句的省略 一、状语从句中的省略 在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 例1. All the photographs in this book,unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise,date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。 例2. When (it is) faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 当（它是）面对如此多的选择时，狮子会选择冻结和等待，而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。 例3. When （people are）reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.【2024年新高考I卷】（主句逻辑主语for people省略） 当阅读几百个单词或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 特殊省略 意义 特殊省略 意义 as soon as possible 尽快 as before/usual 像以前/寻常一样 if so 如果这样的话 if not 若非如此 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 If possible，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。 Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. 他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。 二、定语从句的省略 ① 在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 例1. He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. ② the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 例1. I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 三、名词性从句的省略 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。 例1. He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was kind. 他告诉我（那个）她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且她很善良 例2. ......educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same.... 教育工作者不应该认为所有的媒体都是一样的。 2.wh-+to do如果从句中不影响句意理解，可以省略主谓的部分，保留wh+to do， 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 例1. I don’t know what to do. =I don’t know what I can do.我不知道该怎么办。 例2.You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint. (作宾语) 你得知道站在哪儿才会有好的视角。 例3. I have no idea how to deal with it. (作同位语) 我不知道怎么应对。 3.I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 例1. —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain). 例2.—Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？ —I hope not/that it will not rain.我希望不要下。 四、不定式符号to的省略 1. 动词mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, 后面可用保留不定式符号to而省略其余短语。如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 例1. —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 例2.—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to. 2．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。 The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。 3．不定式作介词but, except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。 I had nothing to do but wait here. 今天下午我除了在这等待无事可做。 4．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。 I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。 5．在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。 She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。 He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。 He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。 6．you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。 Why not try it again? 为什么不再试试？ You'd better get up early when you want to keep up with others. 当你想追赶他人时，你最好起得早些。 考点四 祈使句 祈使句的基本用法如下：祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，通常省略，有时也可以加称呼语。 肯定式：动词原形开头。（I）Wish you were here. 如果你在这就好了。 否定式：在动词前面加don’t。（It）Don’t give up.不要放弃。 强调式：肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。 “祈使句+and+陈述句(一般将来时)”。 (1) 名词词组+and+陈述句 名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。 One step further and you'll fall down.再多走一步，你就会摔倒。 Just a little more patience and we'll look into its00n. 再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。 (2) 祈使句+破折号+陈述句 Try some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢它的。 考点五 感叹句 感叹句用来表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等强烈情感,亦可用于表扬、批评等情感表达。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，并与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调。 How引导的感叹句 How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How high the mountain is!这山真高呀! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! What引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花啊！ What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊！ 典例一 倒装句 Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important. (用适当的词填空) 典例二 省略句 Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. (所给词的适当形式填空) 典例三 强调句 It was in our school hall our school held a variety show last week. (用适当的词填空) 强调句 1．It was my headteacher I respect most helped me out whenever I was in trouble. (用适当的词填空) 2．It is by learning cooking I have strengthened my relationship with my parents. (用适当的词填空) 3．Why is it some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? (用适当的词填空) 4．It was not until the teacher had told him he realized his mistakes. (用适当的词填空) 5．What was it brought you two together? Was it your love of music? (用适当的词填空) 6．The brave boy (do) save a baby in the lake but he didn’t tell anyone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．It is only when we get ill we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy. (用适当的词填空) 8． It's not the lack of interest or of masterpieces bother the students. (用适当的词填空) 9．Like so many other things, it is only too much stress does you harm. (用适当的词填空) 10．It was he showed me how to smile through the rough times. （用适当的词填空） 倒装句 1．Never we think Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute. (用适当的词填空) 2．Little Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. (用适当的词填空) 3．So much homework we have to do every day that we have little time to have a rest. (用适当的词填空) 4．Not I got back home did my daughter go to bed. (用适当的词填空) 5．Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace. （用适当的词填空） 6．No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. （用适当的词填空） 7．Only then (do) they realize how much damage had been caused. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．In the backyard (be) two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．Beneath our feet (lie) the earth our life depends on for food and clothing. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．Never before she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. (用适当的词填空) 省略句 1．All the dishes in the menu, unless otherwise (state), will serve two to three people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．While (wait) for him, I found my wallet was missing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Once (expose) to light, the film will be damaged and get useless. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．If (leave) alone, the younger members of the species are more physically active. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．As the saying goes, “Once (bite), twice shy.” (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．As (plan), it will be held on the playground from 5 p. m. to 8 p. m. next Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．You’d better take the price, the quality and so on into consideration when (buy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Alcohol can damage the liver and do great harm if (consume) in large quantities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Though (defeat), he still felt happy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Do not leave the building until (instruct) to do so. （所给词的适当形式填空） 强调句 1．It is through our research into space we have confirmed that the Earth is round and it orbits the Sun. (用适当的词填空) 2．Where was it the road accident happened yesterday? (用适当的词填空) 3．I really don’t know when it was you returned the book to me. (用适当的词填空) 4．The researchers are still working hard to figure out it was that caused the disease. (用适当的词填空) 5．It was in this old school the government built in 1968 he received good education. (用适当的词填空) 6．It was the teacher said to him encouraged him to make every effort to catch up with his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 7．However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. (用适当的词填空) 8． was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat meat. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】It 9．As in the early history of the United States, it was the English set up the settlements in America. (用适当的词填空) 10．It was not until he came back from Africa that year he met the girl he would like to marry. （用适当的词填空） 倒装句 1．Demand for coal is down, are prices. (用适当的词填空) 2．Kate suggested that not only I go to the party but also give a performance at the ball. (用适当的词填空) 3．In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states. (用适当的词填空) 4．The minister stressed that under no circumstances (be) the disabled to be looked down upon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．They said never before they experienced so interesting a class. （用适当的词填空） 6．Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (用适当的词填空) 7．Not until recently   they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. (用适当的词填空) 8．Among the crises that face humans (be) the lack of natural resources. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．It is required that under no circumstances we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty. (用适当的词填空) 10．Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home. (用适当的词填空) 省略句 1．The research is so well-designed that once (finish), it may make a difference to this filed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．No one will be allowed to enter the private club unless (privilege). (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Once (dry) and processed to make green tea, their value increases significantly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.(所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Anyone, once (test) positive for Ebola, the deadly disease, will receive free medical treatment from the government. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when (move) objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters when (ask). （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．Though (face) great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．Since the money allowed to the two brothers is not enough for traveling, they can do nothing but (give up). (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．I couldn’t find my key to the car when (leave) home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2024 On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点17 高考高频考点特殊句式（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 北京近三年高考真题考点分布 考点 题型 语法填空 2024 考查方向 考例 省略句 And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title,… 2023 —— 2022 —— 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对特殊句式的考查注重在复杂语境下与其它语法知识的综合考查。如语法填空中可以考查状语从句和省略句的综合运用，可以考查动词的主谓一致现象。阅读理解中出现的特殊句式会影响对句子和文章的准确理解。尤其在书面表达中熟练运用特殊句式成为得分的亮点。 【备考策略】 1. 掌握完全倒装和部分倒装句的用法。 2. 掌握强调句的高频考点及特殊用法。 3. 掌握省略句的基本用法及在复合句中的常见考点。 4. 掌握感叹句的用法和易混点。 5.掌握祈使句的用法和易错点。 【命题预测】 预测２０２５年高考语法填空对特殊句式的考查仍有涉及。 考点一 倒装句 01完全倒装（副词/介词短语/形容词短语+谓语+主语） 1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词如here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等用于句首. 例1. There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 例2. Out rushed the students. 例3. Down fell the apple. 2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。 例2.Look! From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic. 看!两个孩子从街对面过来，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。 例3.Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 3.such作表语置于句首时，也常常用全部倒装。 例1. Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。 例2 .Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 4.为了平衡句子结构，表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1) 形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2) 过去分词+连系动词+主语 例1. Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 例2. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 埋在沙子里的是一个古老的村庄。 (3) 介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花，蜡烛和玩具。 易错提醒： 1. there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首，句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词，可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。 2. only修饰主语置于句首时, 不用倒装。 3. 若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。 4. 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。 5. Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……, ……也不……”, 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 6. though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 02部分倒装 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等。表示否定意义的词组开头，要用部分倒装语序。 例1. Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 例2. Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。 2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头，说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。 a．“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。 例1 —I've got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。 —So have I.我也如此。 例2. Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语，我也喜欢英语。 b．“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。 I don't like it, neither does Tom. 我不喜欢它，汤姆也不喜欢它。 3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，为了强调，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。 例1. So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 例3. So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。 4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。 例1. Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 例2. Much as I like it, I'll not buy it. 尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。 易错提醒：在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中，were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 例1.Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。 例2. Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。 6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 例1. Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 例2. Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) 只有用这种方法才能可能解释它。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 例1. May you succeed!祝你成功! 例2. Long live the People’s Republic of China! = May the People’s Republic of China (should) live long. 中华人民共和国万岁！ 8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。 03 there be 句型 1.There be 句型表示“某地有某物或某时有某事”。there 是引导词，be 后面的名词是主语，基本结构为 “there be+人或物+地点或时间”。 例1. There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。 例2. I think there is a problem with the engine.【2021年新高考I卷听力】 我想是引擎出了问题。 例3. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.【2024年新高考I卷读后续写】 在入口处，有一台提款机。 2. There be 句型中的主谓一致的原则 主语是单数或不可数名词时，be用单数形式。主语是复数名词时，be用复数形式。如果主语是并列结构,be动词应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词与离其最近的主语保持一致。 例1. There are two people waiting outside. 有两个人正在外面等候。 例2. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. 有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适 3.There be 句型中常用动词和形式 There be 结构中的谓语动词 be 有时可以用 seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 或半系动词remain，stand，lie，go，exist, follow，live，come，occur 等替换。结构有的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 例1. Despite the defence, there is likely to be some flooding. 尽管有保护措施，但洪水还是很可能涌进城市。 例2. Once upon a time, there lived an old king in the castle. 从前，那座城堡里住着一位国王。 4.There be 句型的常考句式： There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 5. There be 句型中的非谓语形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do，we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做，我们就回家了。 考点二 强调句 句子 句型 陈述句式 It is/was...that/who... 一般疑问句 Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋ is / was it＋ that ＋句子的其余部分? not...until... It is/was not until...that. 01 It is/was...that/who...强调句 1.It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。强调的是现在时或将来时，用It is...that/who...；强调部分是过去时，用It was...that/who...。 例1. It was him who won the game held last week. 是他赢得了上周举行的比赛。. 例2. It was in the park that he met Lily for the first time. 正是在那个公园他第一次遇到了lily。 2.在强调句中, 当强调主语时, 其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例1. It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. 02 强调句的疑问句形式 1. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分? 2. 强调句的特殊疑问句句型为: 疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? 例1. Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 你昨天是在哪里见到杰克的？ 例2. When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的? 03 强调句与定语从句和名词性从句易混辨析 强调句与主语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子结构仍然完整, 而主语从句却不能。 1. It is there that accidents often happen. (强调句) 2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) 强调句与定语从句的区别 强调句中that没有意义, 且不作任何成分, 而定语从句中that为关系代词, 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 1. It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (强调句) 2. It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定语从句) 强调句与状语从句的区别 强调句型去掉It is/was和that后, 结构完整, 而It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代时间。 1. It was at six o’clock that I got up today. (强调句) 2. It was six o’clock when I got up today. (状语从句) 04 do/does/did强调谓语 用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 1. do/does/did+动词原形。 例1. She does like music. 她真的喜欢音乐。 例2. She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it. 她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 2. “never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。 名师提醒：在强调谓语时，do/does/did译为“的确、真的”等，其后动词用原形。 05 not...until用于强调句 “not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 例1. It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed. 直到昨晚11点，他才上床睡觉。 例2. It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi. 直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。 名师提醒：Not until...用于句首时，也可表示强调，句子使用部分倒装。如，Not until 11 o’clock did he go to bed. 考点三 省略句 01 不定式的省略 1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。 2. 在feel, observe, hear, notice, see, watch等感官动词后作宾补的不定式也要省略to。 3. 在had better, would rather, rather than等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 4. 在由and, or, than连接的两个不定式中，第二个不定式to可以省去。 易错提醒：在被动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式前的to不能省略；需要强调对比或特定意义，保留to。 02 三大从句的省略 一、状语从句中的省略 在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 例1. All the photographs in this book,unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise,date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。 例2. When (it is) faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 当（它是）面对如此多的选择时，狮子会选择冻结和等待，而不是攻击拿着椅子的人。 例3. When （people are）reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.【2024年新高考I卷】（主句逻辑主语for people省略） 当阅读几百个单词或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。 特殊省略 意义 特殊省略 意义 as soon as possible 尽快 as before/usual 像以前/寻常一样 if so 如果这样的话 if not 若非如此 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 If possible，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。 Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help. 他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。 二、定语从句的省略 ① 在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 例1. He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. ② the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 例1. I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 三、名词性从句的省略 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。 例1. He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was kind. 他告诉我（那个）她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且她很善良 例2. ......educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same.... 教育工作者不应该认为所有的媒体都是一样的。 2.wh-+to do如果从句中不影响句意理解，可以省略主谓的部分，保留wh+to do， 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 例1. I don’t know what to do. =I don’t know what I can do.我不知道该怎么办。 例2.You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint. (作宾语) 你得知道站在哪儿才会有好的视角。 例3. I have no idea how to deal with it. (作同位语) 我不知道怎么应对。 3.I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 例1. —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain). 例2.—Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？ —I hope not/that it will not rain.我希望不要下。 四、不定式符号to的省略 1. 动词mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, 后面可用保留不定式符号to而省略其余短语。如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 例1. —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 例2.—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to. 2．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。 The only thing you have to do is press the button. 你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。 3．不定式作介词but, except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。 I had nothing to do but wait here. 今天下午我除了在这等待无事可做。 4．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。 I'm really puzzled what to think of and express. 我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 制订计划比执行计划容易。 5．在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。 She saw him walk into the house. 她看到他走进了那座房子。 He was seen to walk into the house. 有人看到他走进了那座房子。 He had two boys wash his car. 他让两个男孩给他洗车。 6．you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。 Why not try it again? 为什么不再试试？ You'd better get up early when you want to keep up with others. 当你想追赶他人时，你最好起得早些。 考点四 祈使句 祈使句的基本用法如下：祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，通常省略，有时也可以加称呼语。 肯定式：动词原形开头。（I）Wish you were here. 如果你在这就好了。 否定式：在动词前面加don’t。（It）Don’t give up.不要放弃。 强调式：肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。 “祈使句+and+陈述句(一般将来时)”。 (1) 名词词组+and+陈述句 名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。 One step further and you'll fall down.再多走一步，你就会摔倒。 Just a little more patience and we'll look into its00n. 再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。 (2) 祈使句+破折号+陈述句 Try some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢它的。 考点五 感叹句 感叹句用来表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等强烈情感,亦可用于表扬、批评等情感表达。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，并与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调。 How引导的感叹句 How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How high the mountain is!这山真高呀! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! What引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀! What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花啊！ What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊！ 典例一 倒装句 Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意为：直到他经历了真正的苦难后，他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是多么重要。not until位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构。这里描述的是过去的动作，用助动词 did。故填did。 典例二 省略句 Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lacking 【详解】考查省略句。句意：他父母虽然缺钱，还是设法送他上了大学。在 though连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词，从句表示过去一段时间存在的状态，为过去进行时，完整为though(his parents were) lacking money。故填lacking。 典例三 强调句 It was in our school hall our school held a variety show last week. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：上周我们学校就是在学校礼堂里举行了一场综艺节目。句子结构分析可知此句为强调句型：It is/was +被强调部分 +that/who +其他部分，当被强调部分指人时，可以用who。强调句型的判断依据为去掉It was和that之后，句子仍完整。故填that。 强调句 1．It was my headteacher I respect most helped me out whenever I was in trouble. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：每当我遇到困难时，帮助我的是我最尊敬的班主任。分析句子可知，本句是强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”，本句中被强调部分是主语my headteacher，指人，故填who或that。 2．It is by learning cooking I have strengthened my relationship with my parents. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句式。句意：正是通过学习烹饪，我加强了与父母的关系。分析句子可知，该句为it is …that…的强调句式，被强调部分为by learning cooking，为强调状语成分。故填that。 3．Why is it some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：到底是为什么一些人比我们其他人聪明得多或者有创造性得多？分析句子可知，此处是强调句型的特殊疑问句式，结构为“特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分”。故填that。 4．It was not until the teacher had told him he realized his mistakes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查it强调句句式。句意：直到老师告诉他，他才意识到自己的错误。去掉it was和空格后句子完整，所以此处为强调句句式，即“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，被强调部分“not until the teacher had told him”为状语，所以空格处应用that。故填that。 5．What was it brought you two together? Was it your love of music? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：是什么让你们两个走到一起的？是对音乐的热爱吗？去掉was it和空处内容后，句子成分仍然齐全、句意完整，由此推知此处是特殊疑问句的强调句型“疑问词+be it+that…”，强调主语What，空处应用that构成该固定句型。故填that。 6．The brave boy (do) save a baby in the lake but he didn’t tell anyone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查强调句。句意：这个勇敢的男孩确实在湖中救了一个婴儿，但他没有告诉任何人。此处do用于强调save，该句子描述的事情发生在过去，因此do使用一般过去时，故填did。 7．It is only when we get ill we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：只有当我们生病的时候才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。分析句子，设空处与空前it is构成强调句结构，强调句的句型是It is/was+被强调部分+that+其它，被强调的是状语only when we get ill，所以设空处用that。故选that。 8． It's not the lack of interest or of masterpieces bother the students. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：困扰学生的不是缺乏兴趣的问题，也不是缺乏读物的问题。分析句子结构，这是一个强调句结构，被强调的部分为“not the lack of interest or of masterpieces”。根据强调句的用法，强调人的时候，使用that或who作为连接词，其他情况下使用that，故填that。 9．Like so many other things, it is only too much stress does you harm. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：就像许多其他事情一样，只有压力太大才会对你造成伤害。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其它成分；在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句使用了强调句型，强调原句主语“only too much stress”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故填that。 10．It was he showed me how to smile through the rough times. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：是他教我如何笑着度过艰难的时期。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。本句强调的是句子主语he，指人，应用that或who。故填that或who。 倒装句 1．Never we think Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：我们从未想到丽萨会来，但是她的确在最后一秒钟出现了。but前的句子中，Lisa would arrive是宾语从句，其前为主句，根据turned up可知，主句描述过去的动作和状态，故主句时态用一般过去时。Never为否定词副词，放在句首，句子用部分倒装，把助动词did放到主语we之前。故填did。 2．Little Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装结构。句意：罗斯很少关心她自己的安全，即使她自己身处险境。否定词little、seldom或never等位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构，再根据“was”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，助动词应用did。故填did。 3．So much homework we have to do every day that we have little time to have a rest. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】do 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：我们每天要做这么多作业，几乎没有时间休息。so much …位于句首，句子使用部分倒装。句子的谓语动词为have to do，句子时态是一般现在时，所以借助助动词do，放在主语we之前。故填do。 4．Not I got back home did my daughter go to bed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：直到我回到家，我女儿才上床睡觉。分析句子可知，空处应为连词，引导状语从句；not until引导时间状语从句，位于句首时，主句部分倒装，表示“直到……才……”，符合句子结构和句意。故填until。 5．Generous husband he might be, he was more than angry with his wife — she spent all their savings on a diamond necklace. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】as /though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他可能是个慷慨的丈夫，但他对妻子非常生气——她把他们所有的积蓄都花在一条钻石项链上了。分析句子，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，表示“尽管”用as/though，此处构成了倒装表语的结构。故填as/though。 6．No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】had 【详解】本题考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。No sooner...than...表示“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时。no sooner位于句首时，其后用部分倒装，将助动词had置于主语之前。故填had。 7．Only then (do) they realize how much damage had been caused. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】did 【详解】考查时态和倒装。句意：直到那个时候他们才意识到造成了多大损失。“only+状语”这一结构置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装句式。根据从句had been caused可知，主句用一般过去时，把助动词did提到主句主语之前就构成了部分倒装句式。根据句意，故填did。 8．In the backyard (be) two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】were 【详解】考查全部倒装及主谓一致。句意： 后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚的狗狗。方位介词短语in the backyard位于句首，后面使用全部倒装结构，主语是空后的two happy dogs，be动词使用复数形式，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填were。 9．Beneath our feet (lie) the earth our life depends on for food and clothing. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】lies 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们的脚下是我们赖以生存的衣食之地。分析句子，句首为beneath our feet意为“在……脚下”是地点状语，当其置于句首时，句子要完全倒装。句子表述的是客观事实，故使用一般现在时，同时句子的主语为the earth，是第三人称单数。故填lies。 10．Never before she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】has 【详解】考查倒装句。句意为：她从来没见过其他人打网球像罗伯特打得那么好。当否定词never置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。由before以及从句中的can可知，此处应该用现在完成时；结合主语she可知，用助动词has。故填has。 省略句 1．All the dishes in the menu, unless otherwise (state), will serve two to three people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stated 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非另有说明，否则菜单上的所有菜肴都可以供两到三个人食用。unless引导的条件状语从句中省略了和主句相同的主语dishes和be动词are，完整的从句为unless they are otherwise stated 。故填stated。 2．While (wait) for him, I found my wallet was missing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词、省略句。句意：在等他的时候，我发现我的钱包不见了。while 引导时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词，此处完整的从句为“While I was waiting for him”，省略了 I 和 was ，故填 waiting 。 3．Once (expose) to light, the film will be damaged and get useless. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查省略。句意：一旦曝光，胶卷就要被损坏而不能用了。once引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。从句可以还原为Once (the film is) exposed to light。故答案是exposed。 4．If (leave) alone, the younger members of the species are more physically active. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】left 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果不被打扰的话，这个物种的年轻成员在体力上会更加活跃。本句使用了if引导的条件状语从句的省略，从句主语和主句主语都是the younger members of the species，且leave与其是被动关系，状语从句可以还原为If the younger members of the species are left alone，可以省略从句的主语+be动词。故答案是left。 5．As the saying goes, “Once (bite), twice shy.” (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bitten 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：俗话说：“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。”此处是once引导的状语从句的省略，动词bite和从句默认主语you构成被动关系，完整形式是Once you are bitten，当状语从句主语和从句主语一致，且从句含be动词时可省略从句主语和be动词。故填bitten。 6．As (plan), it will be held on the playground from 5 p. m. to 8 p. m. next Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】planned 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：按计划，下周日下午5点到8点在操场举行。分析句意可知，plan和主语之间是被动关系，所以as从句中要用一般现在时的被动语态，即用it is planed，又因为状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，所以从句中的it is可以省略。故填planned。 7．You’d better take the price, the quality and so on into consideration when (buy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】buying 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：买的时候你最好把价格、质量等综合考虑一下。分析句子可知，此处用了when引导时间状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，buy“购买”和被省略的主语you之间是主动关系，应用buy的现在分词形式，完整形式为when you are buying。故填buying。 8．Alcohol can damage the liver and do great harm if (consume) in large quantities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consumed 【详解】考查省略句。句意：酒精会对肝脏造成损害，如果大量饮用则危害巨大。根据句意可将条件状语从句补充完整为：if alcohol is consumed in large quantities，与主句主语一致，此时可省略主语和be动词。故填consumed。 9．Though (defeat), he still felt happy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】defeated 【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：尽管失败了，他仍然感到高兴。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句的省略，从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，并且含有be动词时，可把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略，只需考虑所给动词和主语的逻辑关系，而本句中defeat与he是被动关系，用过去分词。故填defeated。 10．Do not leave the building until (instruct) to do so. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】instructed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非接到指示，否则不要离开大楼。根据句意可知，连词until引导的是一个时间状语从句，其完整的句子应该是until you are instructed to do so.该状语从句符合省略的条件（主句和从句的主语一致；从句主要动词是be的某种形式），这时可以把从句的主语和be动词省略，该句中省略掉you are。故填instructed。 1．It is through our research into space we have confirmed that the Earth is round and it orbits the Sun. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 that that 【详解】考查强调句型和宾语从句。句意：正是通过我们对太空的研究，我们证实了地球是圆的，而且它绕着太阳转。第一空为强调句型“it is+被强调部分+that...”结构，强调的是句子的状语，所以第一空为that；第二空为连接词引导的第二个宾语从句作confirmed的宾语，从句中句子成分和句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填①that②that。 2．Where was it the road accident happened yesterday? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：昨天的交通事故是在哪里发生的？强调句的特殊疑问句式为“特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that/who + 句子的其他成分?”该句是强调句，被强调部分为Where，则设空处应填that。故填that。 3．I really don’t know when it was you returned the book to me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：我真的不知道你是什么时候把书还给我的。根据句意和空格前的when it was可知，此处是考查强调句的特殊疑问：疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分，该强调句是宾语从句，所以是陈述语序。故填that。 4．The researchers are still working hard to figure out it was that caused the disease. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查强调句。句意：研究人员仍在努力找出是什么导致了这种疾病。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作figure out的宾语，宾语从句中使用了强调句型it was…that…，句中缺少主语，结合caused the disease可知，主语指物，应用连词what作引导词。故填what。 5．It was in this old school the government built in 1968 he received good education. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 which/that that 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：正是在那座由当地政府1968年建造的学校里，他接受了良好的教育。分析句子可知，第一空为连词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少built的宾语，所以使用关系代词，先行词this old school指物，所以第一空用关系代词which或that；第二空为固定句型“it is+被强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其余部分”，被强调部分为地点状语，所以应用that。故填①which/that② that。 6．It was the teacher said to him encouraged him to make every effort to catch up with his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 what that 【详解】考查主语从句和强调句。句意：正是老师对他说的话鼓励他尽一切努力赶上同学。分析句子结构可知，本句第一空为主语从句，应用连接代词what引导，作宾语，意为“……的事”；本句为强调句，强调句句型为“it was+被强调成分+that/who+其它”，被强调部分是主语从句“老师对他说的话”，所以第二空应为that。故填what；that。 7．However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：然而，尽管经历了巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，正是在这个地方，在漫长的八年时间里，这个国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且得到了联大学者们的热情和信念的巩固。分析句子可知，in this place是被强调的部分，用it was…that结构强调，空处缺少that。故填that。 8． was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat meat. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】It 【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到我听说她生病了，我才知道她不能吃肉。该句是强调句型：It is/was +强调部分+that/who+其他，强调内容为人时，用that/who，强调内容为物时，用that。此处强调的是时间状语从句。单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 9．As in the early history of the United States, it was the English set up the settlements in America. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查强调句。句意：在美国早期历史中，是英国人在美洲建立了殖民地。此处考查强调句it was+被强调部分+that/who...，被强调部分为the English，表人，设空处缺that或who。故填that/who。 10．It was not until he came back from Africa that year he met the girl he would like to marry. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到那年他从非洲回来，他才见到他想娶的那个女孩。根据句意和句首的It was可知，该题是考查强调句型：“It is+被强调部分+that+其它部分”，因为把It was和空格处去掉，剩下的部分仍是一个成分齐全的句子。该句中被强调的是时间状语。故填that。 1．Demand for coal is down, are prices. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查倒装。句意：对煤炭的需求下降了，价格也一样。此处是全部倒装结构，副词as用于此，表明前面的情况也可同样适用于后者。故填as。 2．Kate suggested that not only I go to the party but also give a performance at the ball. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】should 【详解】考查（should）do虚拟语气和部分倒装。句意：凯特建议我不仅要去参加晚会，还要在舞会上表演。动词suggest意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句中应用（should）do虚拟语气，从句中not only位于句首，所以句子应用部分倒装。故填should。 3．In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意：在美国某些州，只有当有人坐在驾驶座上时，无人驾驶汽车才允许上路。Only接状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把助动词，be动词或者情态动词提前。故该句主句正常语序应是“driverless cars______ allowed on roads in certain states.”主语“driverless cars”和谓语动词“allowed”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done，主语是复数，句子是一般现在时，故填are。 4．The minister stressed that under no circumstances (be) the disabled to be looked down upon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：部长强调，在任何情况下不要轻视残疾人。分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，under no circumstances表示否定，置句首，句子使用部分倒装，主语是the disabled，表示一类人，用作复数，由主句stressed可知，用一般过去时，故填were。 5．They said never before they experienced so interesting a class. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】had 【详解】考查部分倒装结构。句意：他们说自己以前从未上过这么有趣的课。主句They said用了一般过去时，根据句意其后的宾语从句应用过去完成时；否定词never before位于句首，后面使用部分倒装结构，其正常语序为 They said they had never experienced so interesting a class before.故填had。 6．Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为长途旅行后我们太累了。分析句子可知，句子前后存在让步关系，此处是一个让步状语从句，且运用了部分倒装，as或though引导让步状语从句时需部分倒装。故填as或though。 7．Not until recently   they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游业有关的活动。not until置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，因事情已发生，要用一般过去式，本句用助动词did构成部分倒装．故填did。 8．Among the crises that face humans (be) the lack of natural resources. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：缺乏自然资源是人类面临的危机之一。分析句子可知，句中陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句中介词短语“Among the crises”位于句首，为倒装句，句子主语为“the lack of natural resources”，“the lack of…”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故“be”用“is”。故填is。 9．It is required that under no circumstances we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】should 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要求我们在任何情况下都不能背叛自己，即使有金钱或美貌这样的诱惑。it is required that...为固定句型，that引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should do，在主语从句中，under no circumstances置于句首，句子使用部分倒装，主语we前面应填should。故填should。 10．Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装。句意：仅仅在莉莉走进办公室以后，他才意识到她将合同落在家里了。Only+状语从句，置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，根据本句陈述过去的事实，要用一般过去时，因此要将did提到主语前。故空格处填did。 1．The research is so well-designed that once (finish), it may make a difference to this filed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】finished 【详解】考查状语从句省略句。句意：这项研究设计的如此出色，一旦完成，便可能对该领域产生影响。此处为once引导的条件状语从句，从句主语the research和从句谓语动词finish是被动关系，谓语动词finish用be done形式，结合is可知一般现在时，原句为：once it is finished，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致（或者从句主语为it）且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，用过去分词finished。故答案是finished。 2．No one will be allowed to enter the private club unless (privilege). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】privileged 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非有特权，否则任何人都不允许进入私人俱乐部。unless可引条件导状语从句。当状语从句中的主语和从句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略，剩下由过去分词转化而来的形容词privileged“有特权的”。故填privileged。 3．Once (dry) and processed to make green tea, their value increases significantly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dried 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦干燥并加工成绿茶，它们的价值就会大大增加。此处为once+过去分词作状语的省略形式，还原为完整的句子应该是once they are dried and processed to make green tea的条件状语从句，当从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词时，从句省略主语和be动词。故填dried。 4．When (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】seen 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 5．Anyone, once (test) positive for Ebola, the deadly disease, will receive free medical treatment from the government. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】tested 【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：任何人一旦对埃博拉这种致命疾病检测呈阳性，都将接受政府的免费医疗。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句省略，补充完整从句为once he is tested positive for Ebola，当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句主语和be动词。故填tested。 6．This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when (move) objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】moving 【详解】考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：这表明，当高芬凤头鹦鹉在空间中移动物体时，确实拥有一种异心参照系，类似于两岁的婴儿。分析句子可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可省略从句中主语和Be动词，该句为省略从句主语Goffin’s cockatoos和be动词are。故填moving。 7．You’ve probably heard that most Canadians want governments to do more on climate. That’s what two-thirds of the public tell pollsters when (ask). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】asked 【详解】考查省略句。句意：你可能听说过，大多数加拿大人希望政府在气候问题上做得更多。三分之二的公众在被问及这一问题时是这么回答的。此处when引导时间状语，是一个省略句，当状语从句中，主语和主句主语相同，且有be动词时，主语和be动词可省略，ask与主语two-thirds of the public之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词，还原后为：when they are asked。故填asked。 8．Though (face) great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】facing 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然演汫者们面对巨大的压力，但是他们都勇敢地克服了。此处为状语从句的省略，当让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句主语及be动间一起省略，此处的完整句子为Though the speakers were facing great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it.故填facing。 9．Since the money allowed to the two brothers is not enough for traveling, they can do nothing but (give up). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】give up 【详解】考查不定式的省略。句意：由于给这两兄弟的钱不够旅行，他们只好放弃。can do nothing but do sth.除了做某事之外，别无选择。作介词 but, expect, besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do 时，不定式通常省去 to。根据句意，故填give up。 10．I couldn’t find my key to the car when (leave) home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】leaving 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：我离开家时找不到车钥匙了。分析句子可知，句子为“when”引导的时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语中包含“be”，此时可省略从句主语和“be”，省略前为“when I was leaving home”，故空格处应用“leave”的现在分词“leaving”。故填leaving。 2024 On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】15. was named 16. asked 17. who 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。 【15题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 【16题详解】 And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 ( 22 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$