串讲04 非谓语动词考点归纳及练习 - 2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019选择性必修第一册+选必二1～2单元）

串讲04 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 1 PART ONE 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。 定义： ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行） ④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） 不定式： ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  动名词： ①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行） ②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） 现在分词： done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。           polluted river 被污染的河流；fallen leaves 落叶 过去分词： 非谓语动词重难点 1. 须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词。五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）两听（hear、listen to）三使（make、let、have）一感觉（feel）根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。 2. 只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse  3. 只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit      4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）  remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） 非谓语动词重难点 非谓语动词解题步骤 1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。 非谓语动词解题步骤 2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。   十大解题原则 2 PART TWO 例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told  B. Having told         C.He had been told        D. Though he had been told 例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it. A. Having been told  B. Having told    C.He had been told    D. Though he had told 解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，答案为C。 例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，答案为A。 原则一：两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词。 例3. ____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost  B.Lost     C. Being lost   D. Losing 解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。 例4. ____, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now. A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities 解析：把…考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。 原则二：不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式。 例5.       to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail  B.Failed  C. To fail  D. Having failed 解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。 例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all. A. to have founded B. having foundedC. founding D. to found 解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A。 原则三：being done表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前。 例7. The play_____next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture． A．produced   B.being produced       C. to be produced  D. having been produced 解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，所以答案为C。 例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down  B. blown down       C.blowing down    D. to blow down 解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为B。 原则四：非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed 例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________. A. the thief having been caught  B. the thief to be caught C. catch the thief  D.the thief being caught 解析：本题led to中的to是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为D。 例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed  B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed  D. to open and close 解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。 原则五：介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语 例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Caught  B. Having caught    C. Being caught       D. To catch 解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。 例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Examining  B.Examined  C. Being examined  D. Having been examined 解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。 原则六：-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以 例13 Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______ with his old one.I think Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______ Michael’s new house with his old one. A. comparing  B.compares            C. to compare           D. compared 解析：“和…相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D A 例14 _____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.______ a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为CD 原则七：be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语 例15． ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。 例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。 原则八：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构 例17. While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为C。 例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为B。 原则八：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构 例19．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winnerC. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。 例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do，所以答案为B。 原则九：不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因 例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了”，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用doing, 答案为B。 例22.How glad I am___________ you! A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. having seen 解析：本题是I am glad to see you的感叹句形式，to see you 是原因状语，答案为B。 原则九：不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因 例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 解析：本题考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案为 C。 例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child. A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed 解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语，所以答案为B。 原则十：非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not，有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式 串讲04 谢谢观看 $$