单元达标检测3 Unit 3 Careers and skills(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

[本卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟] 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Today, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what is our Plan B for Earth? One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times. Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes (探测器) have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. Encouraged by discoveries over the year, space agencies of various countries are panning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years. No doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation (辐射). And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. Although the two­year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward. For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it's the only one we have! 1．Plan B for Earth is aimed at ． A．developing renewable energy resources B．seeking planets for humans' second home C．reducing the environmental risk to life on Earth D．finding the best location of conducting space missions 2．Which of the following is NOT a reason why the settlement of Mars is difficult? A．It is very challenging to survive on Mars. B．The journey to Mars might be quite long and risky. C．There has been no great progress in studying Mars yet. D．Humans haven't fully understood how they might live on Mars. 3．In which magazine would you most likely read this text? A．The Traveller B．All About Space C．Biology for Fun D．Environmental Concerns [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要是讲寻找行星作为人类的第二家园，尤其讲了火星的探索进程和定居火星存在的困难。 1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. (一种选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在上面生活。)”可知，地球的B计划旨在寻找行星作为人类的第二家园。故选B。 2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation (辐射). And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. Although the two­year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. (虽然可以在几天内到达月球，但要到达火星则需要几个月的时间，要穿过危险的太阳辐射。即使第一批定居者安全抵达火星，他们也可能永远无法返回地球。要想活下来每天都是一项挑战，但正如生物圈2号实验证明的那样，并非不可能。尽管这两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。)”可知，选项A，选项B和选项D都是在火星定居很困难的原因。根据第三段最后一句“That definitely is a big step forward. (这绝对是一个很大的进步。)”可知，选项C“在研究火星方面还没有大的进展”错误。故选C。 3．B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth. (一种选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，因为它离地球相对较近。)”可知，文章主要是讲寻找行星作为人类的第二家园，尤其讲了火星的探索进程和定居火星存在的困难，太空科技类文章，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志“All About Space”上。故选B。 B In the waves of human exploration into space, our brave Chinese people have never stopped the pace of advancing. In just half a century, China has made remarkable space exploration success. After landing probes (探测器) on the lunar and Martian surfaces, China has begun to set its exploratory sights on the core of our solar system—the sun. Named Xihe after the sun goddess in ancient Chinese mythology, the 500­kilogram Chinese H­Alpha Solar Explorer satellite was launched on Oct. 14 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province. The spacecraft is China's first space­based solar telescope and is designed to work for at least three years, Wang Wei, project manager of the satellite, told China Daily. The H­alpha band is one of the best spectral (光谱的) lines to study solar activity, according to the Global Times. “The instrument is able to observe and record changes in the sun's physical elements like its temperature and speed, facilitating scientists' studies about the dynamics and physics during a solar eruption，” Wang told China Daily. Several Chinese satellites, such as the Fengyun 3E meteorological satellite, have carried equipment that can collect solar data, but Xihe is the first one intended for solar observation. “Since solar activity has many effects on life on Earth, it is important for mankind to study the sun，” Zhao Jian, a senior official at the China National Space Administration, told China Daily. Since the 1960s, NASA has sent dozens of solar orbiters to circle the sun, and in 2004, the Genesis spacecraft returned a sample of solar wind. The most recently launched solar mission was Parker Solar Probe in 2018.Europe and Japan also have solar missions, according to the South China Morning Post. “Our country is ranked No. 2 in the world in terms of published research papers on solar observations, but all of the satellite­generated data used by our scientists are from foreign spacecraft，” Zhao told China Daily. “Xihe will put an end to the dependence on foreign satellites, and we will share its products with researchers around the world.” 4．What do we know about Xihe? A．It is expected to work for five years. B．It is a half­ton scientific research satellite. C．It is named after an ancient Chinese scientist. D．It is the world's first solar observation satellite. 5．What is the main task of Xihe according to the text? A．To observe other satellites around the sun. B．To adjust the temperature and speed of the sun. C．To study how solar activity affects life on Earth. D．To monitor changes in the sun's physical elements. 6．Why is it essential to do research on the sun? A．It helps scientists learn more about solar history. B．Solar eruptions may bring human beings disasters. C．Our reliance on foreign satellites will come to an end. D．Creatures on Earth are greatly affected by solar activity. 7．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The advantages of the Xihe satellite. B．The significance of the Xihe mission. C．The history of China's space exploration. D．The ways satellite­generated data are collected. [语篇解读]　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述在人类探索太空的浪潮中，勇敢的中国人民从未停止前进的步伐。在月球和火星表面着陆探测器后，中国开始将其探测目标放在我们太阳系的核心——太阳上。10月14日，中国H­Alpha太阳探测卫星在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空。 4．B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Named Xihe after the sun goddess in ancient Chinese mythology, the 500­kilogram Chinese H­Alpha Solar Explorer satellite was launched on Oct. 14 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in Shanxi province.(10月14日，这颗重达500公斤的中国H­Alpha太阳探测卫星在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空，以中国古代神话中的太阳女神命名为‘羲和’。)”可知，这颗太阳探测器重达500公斤，也就是半吨，它以中国古代神话中的太阳女神命名为“羲和”，在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空，“羲和”是一颗半吨重的科学研究卫星。故选B。 5．D　细节理解题。根据第四段“‘The instrument is able to observe and record changes in the sun's physical elements like its temperature and speed, facilitating scientists' studies about the dynamics and physics during a solar eruption，’ Wang told China Daily.(‘该仪器能够观察和记录太阳物理元素的变化，如温度和速度，有助于科学家研究太阳喷发期间的动力学和物理，’王告诉《中国日报》。)”可知，这颗探测卫星的任务是观察和记录太阳物理元素的变化。故选D。 6．D　细节理解题。根据第六段“‘Since solar activity has many effects on life on Earth, it is important for mankind to study the sun，’ Zhao Jian, a senior official at the China National Space Administration, told China Daily.(中国国家航天局高级官员赵健告诉《中国日报》：‘由于太阳活动对地球上的生命有许多影响，所以研究太阳对人类来说很重要。’)”可知，因为太阳活动对地球上的生命影响很多，所以要去研究太阳。故选D。 7．B　主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Xihe will put an end to the dependence on foreign satellites, and we will share its products with researchers around the world.(羲和将结束对外国卫星的依赖，我们将与世界各地的研究人员分享其产品。)”可知，本段主要告诉读者羲和探测器在我国的航天事业上有着重大的意义。故选B。 C A demonstration mission to test an idea of cleaning up space junk was launched this morning in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA­D, the mission will exhibit technology that can help deal with space junk. The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward the Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. ELSA­D, which stands for End­of­life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer spacecraft” and a “client satellite” that are launched together, according to Astroscale, spacecraft will release and try to meet with the client satellite, which will act as a piece of space junk. The mission will carry out this catch­and­release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity. However, the spacecraft is not designed to deal with dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that would be launched with docking plates on them. Space junk has been a growing problem for years. According to a recent report by NASA, at least 26，000 of the millions of pieces of space junk are the size of a softball. Orbiting along at 17，500mph, they could destroy a satellite. And the most common space junk, more than 100 million pieces, is the size of a grain of salt and could make holes in a spacesuit, 　amplifying　 risk to spacecraft and crew. The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2016, Japan's space agency sent a 700­meter chain into space to try to slow down and redirect space junk. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a large piece of space junk. These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space projects like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit in a messy way. 8．How will the servicer spacecraft function? A．By breaking space junk into pieces. B．By pushing space junk towards the Earth. C．By adding docking plates to client satellites. D．By drawing dead satellites away from the Earth. 9．What kind of space junk will the servicer mainly deal with? A．Dead satellites in orbit. B．Large pieces of space junk. C．Satellites to be launched with docking plates. D．Space junk around working satellites in a messy way. 10．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “amplifying” in Paragraph 4? A．increasing B．removing C．examining D．transporting 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Space research is becoming important. B．The function of artificial satellites is various. C．It's necessary to conduct the clear­up mission. D．SpaceX plays an important role in sending satellites. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种清理太空垃圾的新方法。 8．B　细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward the Earth to burn up in the atmosphere.(航天器的工作原理是试图将自己连接到死卫星上，并将它们推向地球，在大气层中烧毁。)”可知，服务者航天器通过将自己连接到死卫星等太空垃圾上，并将它们推向地球，在大气层中烧毁来清理太空垃圾，由此可知，服务者航天器通过将太空垃圾推向地球来发挥作用。故选B项。 9．C　细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“However, the spacecraft is not designed to deal with dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that would be launched with docking plates on them.(然而，该航天器的设计目的并不是为了处理已经在轨道上的死卫星，而是为了处理未来发射的带有对接板的卫星。)”可知，服务者航天器的设计目的主要是为了处理未来发射的带有对接板的卫星，由此可知，服务者将主要处理的太空垃圾是未来发射的带有对接板的卫星。故选C项。 10．A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词句中“And the most common space junk, more than 100 million pieces, is the size of a grain of salt and could make holes in a spacesuit(而最常见的太空垃圾超过1亿件，只有一粒盐那么大，可以在宇航服上打洞)”可知，常见的太空垃圾很多，有一粒盐那么大，可以在宇航服上打洞，由此可知，太空垃圾可以在宇航服上打洞，这无疑增加了航天器和宇航员的风险，“increasing”意为“增加”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。 11．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years.(其他清洁技术的开发已经进行了多年。)”和“These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space projects like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit in a messy way.(随着SpaceX等私人空间项目继续以混乱的方式填满近地轨道，这些努力可能会变得越来越重要。)”可知，太空清洁技术的开发已经进行了多年，并且随着私人空间项目以混乱的方式填满近地轨道，太空清洁会变得越来越重要，由此可知，从最后一段我们能推断出有必要执行太空清理任务。故选C项。 D NASA has flown an aircraft on another planet for the first time. On Monday, April 19, Ingenuity, a 1.8­kilogram drone (无人机) helicopter, took off from the surface of Mars, flew up about three meters, then hovered for 40 seconds and took photos above with one of its two cameras. The historic moment was live­streamed on YouTube. “We can now say that human beings have flown a drone helicopter on another planet，” said MiMi Aung, the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, at a press conference. “We, together, flew at Mars, and we, together, now have our Wright brothers moment，” she added, referring to the first powered airplane flight on Earth in 1903. The details: The flight was a significant technical challenge, thanks to Mars's bone­chilling temperatures (nights can drop down to －130 °F / －90 °C) and its incredibly thin atmosphere—just 1% the density of Earth's. That meant Ingenuity had to be light, with rotor blades (螺旋桨) that were bigger and faster than would be needed to achieve liftoff on Earth (although the gravity on Mars, which is only about one­third of Earth's, worked in its favor). The flight had originally been scheduled to take place on April 11 but was delayed by software issues. Why it's significant: Beyond being a significant 　milestone　 for Mars exploration, the flight will also pave the way for engineers to think about new ways to explore other planets. Future drone helicopters could help astronauts by scoping out locations, exploring inaccessible areas, and capturing images. Ingenuity will also help inform the design of Dragonfly, a car­size drone that NASA is planning to send to Saturn's moon Titan in 2027. What's next: In the next few weeks, Ingenuity will conduct four more flights, each lasting up to 90 seconds. Each one is designed to further push the limits of Ingenuity's capabilities. Ingenuity is only designed to last for 30 Martian days, and is expected to stop functioning around May 4.Its final resting place will be in the Jezero Crater as NASA moves on to the main focus of its mission: Getting the Perseverance rover (毅力号火星探测器) to study Mars for evidence of life. 12．Why does MiMi Aung mention Wright brothers? A．To honor the historic contribution of Wright brothers. B．To make a comparison between Wright brothers and herself. C．To highlight the importance of Ingenuity's Martian exploration. D．To remind the public of the first powered airplane flight on Earth. 13．What caused challenges for Ingenuity designers? A．The delay of software tests. B．The force of gravity on Mars. C．Mars's temperatures and atmosphere. D．Technical difficulty in liftoff on Earth. 14．What does the underlined word “milestone” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A great victory. B．A difficult task. C．A roadside stone. D．A historic event. 15．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Mars Drone Helicopter Makes Historic First Flight B．Modern Wright Brothers Moment: Mars Exploration C．First Drone Helicopter Spots Evidence of Life on Mars D．Ingenuity: Mars Drone Flies to Take Incredible Pictures [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类第一部火星飞行无人机的相关细节、重要意义以及后续的探索计划。 12．C　推理推断题。由第一段中的“‘We can now say that human beings have flown a drone helicopter on another planet，’ said MiMi Aung, the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, at a press conference. ‘We, together, flew at Mars, and we, together, now have our Wright brothers moment，’ she added, referring to the first powered airplane flight on Earth in 1903.(‘我们现在可以说，人类已经在另一个星球上驾驶了一架无人驾驶直升机，’美国航天局喷气推进实验室独创性火星直升机项目经理MiMi Aung在记者招待会上说。‘我们一起在火星飞行，我们一起，现在有了我们的莱特兄弟时刻，’她补充说，指的是1903年地球上第一架动力飞机飞行。)”和结合常识可知，莱特兄弟发明飞机是一件很重要的事，发言人MiMi Aung提到莱特兄弟，是为了强调此次探索的重要意义。故选C项。 13．C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“The flight was a significant technical challenge, thanks to Mars's bone­chilling temperatures (nights can drop down to －130 °F /－90 °C) and its incredibly thin atmosphere—just 1% the density of Earth's. (这次飞行是一次重大的技术挑战，这要归功于火星令人寒心的温度(夜晚可以降到－130华氏度/－90摄氏度)和难以置信的稀薄大气层——只有地球密度的1%。)”可知，此次探索的主要的挑战来自温度和大气层。故选C项。 14．D　词义猜测题。由第三段中的“Why it's significant: Beyond being a significant 　milestone　 for Mars exploration, the flight will also pave the way for engineers to think about new ways to explore other planets. (重要的原因：这次飞行不仅是火星探测的一个重要　milestone　，还将为工程师们思考探索其他行星的新方法铺平道路。)”可知，本句指这次飞行的重要历史意义，milestone指“历史性事件”。故选D项。 15．A　主旨大意题。由第一段中的“NASA has flown an aircraft on another planet for the first time. (美国宇航局首次在另一颗行星上驾驶飞机。)” 以及后文说明了本次飞行的重要性等，可知“火星无人驾驶直升机历史性首次飞行”符合文意。故选A项。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Financial goals for the New Year usually have a place in most people's list. 16 Here are some ways you can make sure those financial goals are achieved. You have to actually set these goals in the first place. Try to find out what matters to you. Write down everything—practical and impractical. 17 You will also need to set a specific time limit you desire to reach these goals. 18 Once you start doing so, it'll shock you how the smallest expenses add up to huge amounts. After successfully keeping track of your spending for a month, categorize them into groups to properly understand which type of expenses eat into your income the most. You can then use the data to cut down unnecessary expenses. If you want to reach your financial goals, you'll definitely need to create a budget. 19 At the beginning of each week, you can create a budget for how much you should spend every day in that week. It is helpful to constantly believe that the amount you have on your weekly budget is the only amount you own. Creating barriers that make it difficult for you to access the rest of your money till the end of the week can also help. Spending less than you earn is one of the easiest ways to get you out of debt and save towards your future. One way is to always reach for the most affordable options you can find. When you go shopping, don't just reach for the first product you see. 20 Quality will still matter of course. Make sure to review your financial goals and progress regularly. This will help you evaluate mistakes and decide whether to adjust your goals or even create new ones. There's really no shame in slacking a few times. You only need to carefully address the areas you slacked in and determine to do better. A．Track your expenses. B．Save like your life depends on it. C．But only a few people actually accomplish them. D．Try to see if you can get a cheaper brand of that same product. E．Sort them into short term, long term goals, and level of importance. F．It is also easier these days with many shopping apps that you can use. G．Budgets are useful in helping you control the amount of money you spend. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以确保实现财务目标的方法。 16．C　根据上文中的“Financial goals for the New Year usually have a place in most people's list.”以及后文中的“Here are some ways you can make sure those financial goals are achieved.”可知，C项(但只有少数人实现了自己定的财务目标)符合语境，故选C项。 17．E　根据上文中的“You have to actually set these goals in the first place. Try to find out what matters to you. Write down everything—practical and impractical.”以及后文中的“You will also need to set a specific time limit you desire to reach these goals.”可知，本段主要是关于给设定的目标分类，上文提到了写下实际的和不切实际的事情，本句应承接上文进一步说明如何把这些事情进行分类，E选项中的them指代上文中的everything。故E选项符合语境，故选E项。 18．A　根据后文中的“Once you start doing so, it'll shock you how the smallest expenses add up to huge amounts. After successfully keeping track of your spending for a month, categorize them into groups to properly understand which type of expenses eat into your income the most. You can then use the data to cut down unnecessary expenses.”可知，本段的方法是记录下自己的开支，A选项(Track your expenses.)对应后文中的“keeping track of your spending for a month”，故A选项符合语境，故选A项。 19．G　根据上文中的“If you want to reach your financial goals, you'll definitely need to create a budget.”可知，上文提到了做预算，故本句承接上文继续说明预算的作用，G选项中Budgets对应上文中的budget, 故G选项符合语境，故选G项。 20．D　根据上文中的“Spending less than you earn is one of the easiest ways to get you out of debt and save towards your future. One way is to always reach for the most affordable options you can find. When you go shopping, don't just reach for the first product you see.”以及后文中的“Quality will still matter of course.”可知，上文提到了购物时不要买第一件商品，可推测本句是在说明原因：试着看看你是否能买到产品一样但更便宜的牌子，故D选项符合语境，故选D项。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Thank You to the Invisible Hands Whom do I under appreciate? On a day of traveling by air, I'm immediately 21 of so many people that I might overlook.At first I think of the 22 whose experience, skill, training, and sometimes courage, get me to my destination safely.It is the pilots who 23 through zero visibility, nightfall and seemingly unidentifiable sky, and get me there at nearly the 24 minute promised. And then I 25 the mechanics without whom the plane would never even start, or worse, would get in the air before falling apart.And the people who 26 the plane with exact consistency so that it is capable of doing what it's 27 ， to its fullest potential. Then there are the people who 28 the plane, testing their conclusions both by computer and by actually flying their designs.But no plane could get from point A to point B 29 the thousands of people who 30 the air traffic control system.It is because of their 31 efforts that keep every plane in the country safe and in good condition. People who cleaned my 32 ， people who put refreshments on it and the people who will serve it to me.Lots and lots of 33 whom we take for granted and under appreciate, even though we voluntarily trust our lives to them every time we 34 a plane.Thank you all for 35 me. 21．A.reminded B．told C．informed D．convinced 22．A.workers B．stewardesses C．pilots D．guides 23．A.force B．lead C．direct D．fly 24．A.last B．exact C．next D．very 25．A.turn to B．think of C．meet with D．look at 26．A.take B．possess C．built D．catch 27．A.supposed B．ordered C．requested D．allowed 28．A.landed B．tested C．cleaned D．designed 29．A.for B．before C．through D．without 30．A.operate B．know C．set D．develop 31．A.final B．desperate C．joint D．further 32．A.clothes B．plane C．dishes D．room 33．A.people B．passengers C．tourists D．acquaintances 34．A.see B．board C．leave D．hear 35．A.looking forward to B．putting up with C．taking care of D．showing mercy on [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。作者坐飞机时突然想到哪些人需要感谢。飞行员让我安全到达，机械师保证飞机安全，设计师设计并检测飞机的状况，以及飞机上打扫卫生，提供食物的服务人员等都是值得我们感谢的。 21．A　根据语境，尤其是下文“so many people that I might overlook”可知，此处大意应为：我突然想起许多我可能忽略的人。be reminded of被提醒，想起。故选A。 22．C　后面的定语从句“whose experience, skill, training, and sometimes courage, get me to my destination safely”指的是飞行员的特征，由此可知，首先想到的被忽略的人是飞行员们。故选C。 23．D　根据语境，此处动词指飞行员的行为，用飞机空运乘客，故选D。 24．B　根据语境，此处指飞行员克服困难，按照预定时间，把乘客准时送到目的地。故选B。 25．B　根据上文“At first I think of the 22 whose experience...”以及空格前的“And then”可知，作者先想到……然后又想到……。故选B。 26．C　根据空格后的内容“with exact consistency so that it is capable of doing what it's 27 ， to its fullest potential”可推测，此处作者想到的人是制造飞机的人们。故选C。 27．A　句意：还有一些人把飞机造得精密而稳定，这样让飞机做什么它就能做什么，发挥它最大的潜力。be supposed to do sth应该做某事。故选A。 28．D　根据下文“and by actually flying their designs”可知，此处作者想到的是飞机设计者。故选D。 29．D　根据本句前面的no以及语境可知，此句应为双重否定句式。即没有成千上万的人去运行空中交通管制系统，任何飞机都无法从A点飞到B点。故选D。 30．A　句意：没有成千上万的人去运行空中交通管制系统，任何飞机都无法从A点飞到B点。故A选项符合语境。 31．C　此处总结以上想到的各种人，他们都为飞机的安全运行作出努力。所以此处强调共同努力。故选C。 32．B　根据上文内容，作者此时想到的可能被忽略的人们都是与飞机有关的，所以此处指清洗飞机的人们。故选B。 33．A　此处指上文多次提到的被忽略的各种人们。故选A。 34．B　句意：很多很多的人，我们认为他们是理所当然的，我们不太感激他们，即使我们每次登机时都自愿把生命托付给他们。本文一直围绕坐飞机这件事展开想象，故选项B符合语境。 35．C　以上作者想到的人们都是为了我的安全飞行。他们都直接或间接地为我服务，照顾着我。故选项C符合语境。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Billionaires Race to Space In late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out­of­this­world ambition. The billionaire founder of Amazon 36. (fly) to the edge of space—62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth's surface—on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin. “Best day ever，” Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, 37. others weren't so impressed. They called the mission an enormous waste of money. Bezos, they argued, 38. be spending his billions to improve things on Earth. Bezos wasn't the first billionaire to set his sights on space. Nor was he the first 39. (criticize) about wasting enormous personal wealth. A week 40. the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund, 41. (develop) by his company Virgin Galactic. Critics say that the money 42. (go) toward commercial space travel would be better spent on 43. they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics declare. 44. naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, “traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon­emitting thing an individual can do.” But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds 45. (put) toward high­paying jobs and a new industry. That's money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves, supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了人们对亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面62英里的太空边缘这件事的批评和支持的观点。 36．flew　考查时态。句意：这位亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面62英里(100公里)的太空边缘。根据前一句的时间状语“In late July 2021”可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词使用过去式flew。故填flew。 37．while　考查连词。句意：“有史以来最好的一天，”贝佐斯在安全返回地球后通过无线电对任务控制中心说，而其他人则没有这么印象深刻。结合句意可知用while表示前后的对比表示“然而”。故填while。 38．should　考查情态动词。句意：他们辩论，贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。结合前文“他们认为这次太空任务是一种金钱的浪费”，可知他们辩论说贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。用情态动词should符合题意。故填should。 39．to be criticized　考查非谓语动词。句意：他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的人。结合空格前的the first可知，用动词不定式作后置定语，the first和criticize之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式符合题意。故填to be criticized。 40．before　考查连词。句意：在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，企业主理查德·布兰森也创造了历史。结合本段第一句“Bezos wasn't the first billionaire to set his sights on space.(他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的人。)”可知表示在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，用连词before符合题意。故填before。 41．developed　考查非谓语动词。句意：布兰森成为第一个乘坐他帮助资助的火箭飞往太空的人，该火箭由他的公司维珍银河公司开发。分析句子可知句子谓语动词是became，空格处缺少非谓语动词，a rocket和develop之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填developed。 42．going　考查非谓语动词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词是would be，空格处用非谓语动词作后置定语，the money和go之间是主动关系，用现在分词符合题意。故填going。 43．what　考查名词性从句连接词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知在介词on后缺少宾语从句连接词，在动词see后缺少宾语，指物用what符合题意。故填what。 44．The　考查冠词。句意：自然主义者霍莉·霍沃斯在《塞拉》杂志上指出，“乘坐火箭旅行可以说是个人能做的最具碳排放的事情。”分析句子可知在名词naturalist前应该用定冠词the表示特指，首字母大写。故填The。 45．are put　考查时态和语态。句意：个人资金被投入高薪工作和一个新的行业。句子陈述是事实用一般现在时，主语Personal funds和put之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，系动词用are。故填are put。 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假如你是李华，准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛，你需要写一篇演讲稿。你打算写一篇介绍马可·波罗的文章，内容包括： 人物 马可·波罗(Marco Polo) 职业 意大利著名旅行家 事件 1．于13世纪沿着古代丝绸之路来到中国； 2．在中国居住了 17年，参观过很多地方，惊叹于中国的美丽和强大； 3．把中国的文化和科技发明介绍到世界其他地区。 你的评价 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数； 3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Hello, everyone， Thank you. 【参考范文】 Hello, everyone，　 Among all the foreign travellers, my favourite is Marco Polo, a famous Italian traveller who travelled along the ancient Silk Road to China in the 13th century. He lived in China for 17 years, visiting many parts of China and was amazed to find how beautiful and powerful China was. He introduced Chinese culture and scientific inventions to other parts of the world. In my opinion, Marco Polo was really a great traveller, whose mission was to promote the exchange of different cultures and spread the seeds of civilisation. 　Thank you. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。 The rain came down steady and hard. Jason Storie heard it but was not worried as he prepared for a day of caving with five friends in a remote spot 80 miles northwest of his home in Duncan, on Canada's Vancouver Island. It was 6 a．m. on December 5, 2015.As a newcomer to the sport, Jason had gone caving only four times. This would be his toughest outing yet: a cave called Cascade. It was dangerous enough that the entrance was blocked by a locked metal door to keep the casual cavers out. About a mile long and 338 feet deep, Cascade was full of turns and barely passable tight squeezes. Jason was new among the group, with the least experience and, at 43, older by a decade or more. It was his friend Andrew Munoz, 33, who introduced him to the sport. Unlike Jason, Andrew was an expert caver—a former caving guide, actually. They hiked a bit before coming to the door, which sat in the ground—you'd miss it if you weren't looking for it. It was 10 a．m. With their way lighted by headlamps, they walked down a narrow passage studded with sharp rocks. The silence was broken by a drip­drip­drip from above. Soon the drip turned into a light but steady flow, and they were wading in water up to their ankles, then to their shins. Two hours later, they approached one of the features that made the cave unique: a narrow passage not big enough to stand up in that led into a short, tight downhill. This had a name: Bastard's Crawl. Four streams met here, and indeed, the water was flowing more quickly. The sound of the water had turned into a roar. When they finally neared the top of the Crawl, there were barely four inches of air left between the water and the ceiling, not enough for them to keep their heads up to breathe. They came to terrifying realization that they were in danger! The water kept rising, and there was no hope of rescue. Slowly but steadily, the group made their way forward. 【参考范文】 The water kept rising, and there was no hope of rescue. The hours passed. Jason and Andrew didn't dare to move for fear of slipping. They dozed off and then jerked themselves awake. Every once in a while, one of them turned on his headlamp to check the water level. An hour later, the water level went down enough that they could try an escape. Stiff from keeping in one position for 12 hours, they slowly unfolded their bodies. Jason screamed in pain, but he was determined not to let it stop him. Slowly but steadily, the group made their way forward. Still, each time Jason moved a leg, he cried out. Over the next 90 minutes, they made their way toward the entrance, at times in chest­high water. Now, in a passage that was high enough for them to walk upright, Jason saw something flicker in the distance. “Lights! I see lights！” Jason shouted out. For the first time since entering the cave, over 20 hours earlier, Jason's emotions got the best of him and tears trickled down his cheeks. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$