Unit2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．　telescope　 n. 望远镜 2．　astronomer　 n. 天文学家 3．　agency　 n. 机构；代理处 4．　comprise　 vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 5．　scan　 vt. &vi. 扫描；细看；浏览n.扫描检查；快速查阅 拓展词汇 6．　universe　 n. 宇宙，天地万物→　universal　 adj. 普遍的，全世界的→　universally　 adv. 普遍地，到处 7．　crucial　 adj. 至关重要的，关键性的→　crucially　 adv. 至关重要地，关键地 8．　orbit　 vt. &vi. 围绕……运动，沿轨道运行n.(天体等运行的)轨道→　orbital　 adj. 轨道的；环城的 9．　merely　 adv. 仅仅，只不过→　mere　 adj. 仅仅，只不过 10．　administration　 n. 行政部门；管理，行政→　administrative　 adj. 管理的，行政的→　administrator　 n. 管理人，行政官 11．　foundation　 n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会→　found　 v. 创办，成立→　foundational　 adj. 基础的，基本的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　be plain to see　 显而易见的 2．　lay the foundation for　 为……打下基础 Ⅲ.重点句型 With a dish 　the size of 30 football fields　， FAST is able to carry out observations with extraordinary sensitivity. FAST拥有30个足球场大小的天线，能够以极高的灵敏度进行观测。 [重点词汇] 1．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 (1)comprise vt.包括，包含，由……组成(以整体作为主语，部分作为宾语；此时不用于进行时态) comprise＝be comprised of＝consist of/be made up of/ be composed of (2)comprise vt.组成，构成(以部分作为主语，整体作为宾语)comprise＝compose＝make up It is important to respect the different people who comprise a team. 尊重团队中不同的人是重要的。 [名师点津] (1)comprise of或be composed by/from的表达均不正确； (2)表示“包含，由……组成”之意时，只有consist of后可跟动词­ing形式。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中comprise的含义 ①Women comprise 51 percent of the population of France.　构成　 ②The committee comprises men of widely different views.　包含　 一句多译 ③这个小组由十个人组成。 a．Ten people 　make up/comprise/compose　 the group. b．The group 　consists of/comprises/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of　 ten people. 2．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 (1)lay the foundation for　为……打下基础 (2)found vt.　兴建，创建；建立，创立 found...on/upon...　在……上建立…… It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. 它还为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础。 [名师点津]　found的过去式和过去分词都是founded；而find的过去式和过去分词都是found。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The 　foundation　 (found) of the university took place over 100 years ago. ②The castle is founded 　on/upon　 solid rock. ③Law was an order of peace 　founded　 (found) on fairness. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中作主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前置于句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句放至句末。 一、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。 (2)whether/if引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown. 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。 [名师点津]　whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句不可以位于句首，可用it作形式主语，if引导的从句后置作真正主语。 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what, which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Who will go to the concert is not known. 不知道谁会去听音乐会。 Whoever comes in first will receive a prize. 无论谁先到都可以得到奖品。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么，都不应该伤害其他人。 [名师点津]　who引导的主语从句强调一件事情，而whoever引导的主语从句强调人。 3．连接副词(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等) 连接副词引导主语从句，在从句中作状语。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时将举行会议是个重要的问题。 Where I spend my summer vacation is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 [名师点津]　主语从句引导词的确定步骤： (1)分析句式结构，明确主语从句在句中的功能； (2)明确主语从句所表达的意义； (3)明确主语从句中所需要的成分及意义； (4)确定从句的引导词。 [对点训练1] 用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)　What　 comes next is the endless series of steps. ②(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem 　whether　 we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. ③Your support is important to our work. 　Whatever　 you can do helps. ④　How　 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ⑤　Why　 John was late for the class has been unexplained. ⑥　Which　 part of the country he will travel to needs discussing. ⑦　Where/When　 the English party will be held has not yet been decided. ⑧Every year, 　whoever　 makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 完成句子 ⑨　That she could come to help us　 made us very happy. 她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。 ⑩　Whether she is coming or not　 doesn't matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。 二、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, important, strange等)＋主语从句 It is important that he should know about this. 他应该知道此事是重要的。 [名师点津]　在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”形式，其中should可省略。 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour，a pity, a/no surprise等)＋主语从句 It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。 3．It ＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, suggested, proved等)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。 [名师点津]　在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”形式，其中should可省略。 4．It＋不及物动词(happen, look, matter, occur, strike等)＋主语从句 It happens that his sister is my good friend. 碰巧他姐姐是我的好朋友。 5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。 [对点训练2] 完成句子 ①It is often the case 　that anything is possible　 for those who hang on to hope. 通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。 ②　It's suggested　 that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest. 建议这位老人应当去乡村休息一下。 ③　It is a pity　 that you disagree with the plan. 很遗憾，你不赞成这个计划。 ④It is doubtful 　whether she will be able to come to the party　. 她是否能来参加这个聚会还很难说。 ⑤　It happened that　 the harvest was bad that year. 碰巧那年收成不好。 句型转换 ⑥That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us. →　It surprised us that　 he suddenly fell ill last month. ⑦Whether they will sell the house hasn't been decided yet. →　It hasn't been decided yet whether　 they will sell the house. ⑧That light travels in straight lines is known to all. →　It is known to all that　 light travels in straight lines. 三、主语从句中应注意的问题 1．主语从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided. 应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much. 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。 [名师点津]　what引导的主语从句作主语且表语是名词时，主句谓语动词的单复数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear. 他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。 [对点训练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①What surprised me most 　was　 (be) that the man in rags was a millionaire. ②What he needs most 　is　 (be) money. ③When and where the meeting will be held 　has been decided　 (decide) already. ④That the coal workers are still alive 　is　 (be)a wonder. [随堂演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If you are monitoring a weak radio signal, you need two big radio 　telescopes　 (telescope). 2．The success of this experiment is crucial 　to　 the project as a whole. 3．Early 　astronomers　 (astronomer) thought that the Earth was the centre of the universe. 4．He said nothing, 　merely　 (mere) smiling and watching her. 5．When he graduated in 2016, he landed a job at an advertising 　agency　 (agent) near Shichahai, a popular scenic area in Beijing. 6．The group is comprised 　of　 two guitarists, a drummer, and a lead singer. 7．Their brains 　were scanned　 (scan) so that researchers could monitor the progress of the disease. 8．Their anxiety to go to the Great Wall was plain 　to see　 (see). 9．The students in middle schools should lay a solid 　foundation　 (found) in English. 10．The Earth is only one of the numerous planets 　in　 the universe. Ⅱ.单句语法填空—语法专练 1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)　What　 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. 2．(2019·浙江6月高考)　What　 I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles. 3．What caused the serious traffic accident 　remains　 (remain) unknown. 4．It is a pity 　that　 we won't be able to go camping this Sunday. 5．Whoever 　pollutes　 (pollute) the environment will be punished. 6．It is not sure 　whether　 he will come to your house or not. 7．The deadlines and 　what　 you need to apply depend on the program. 8．　What　 you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 9．It's possible 　that　 we all have compromised conversational intelligence. 10．It's more likely 　that　 none of us start a conversation because it is awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. 11．　What　 parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children. 12．It has been proved 　that　 eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. Ⅲ.用适当的连接词完成短文 It is known 1.　that　 homework is an important part of school life in most countries around the world. However, 2.　whether　 homework has a great educational value is still a debate among teachers. Some think that homework takes too much time away from other more useful activities. Others see homework as reinforcing (加强) school lessons so that 3.　what　 students have learned will not be forgotten. 4．　What　 is often ignored in this debate is the role of parental involvement (参与) and 5.　whether　 or not the child's home provides support for effective homework. It is not clear to some people 6.　how　 parental involvement can influence the effectiveness of homework. It is true 7.　that　 parents in low income families don't have the time to make homework more important than other things or aren't able to afford a computer or additional books. However, 8.　that　 only middle­class parents support their children's education is quite obviously wrong. Not all rich parents give the support they should, and some parents living in the poorest conditions find time and energy to involve themselves in their children's homework. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$