Unit2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 简单句，并列句和主从复合句 一、基本概念 英语句子按结构可分为三类：简单句，并列句和主从复合句。 简而言之，简单句只有简单的主语、谓语、宾语，无过多修饰；并列句是两个完整的句子中间加并列连词；而主从复合句是用一个句子作另一个句子的一部分。 二、语法规则 1．简单句Simple Sentences 简单句是含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 (1)陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。有肯定句和否定句之分。 She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 (2)疑问句：提出问题。主要有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句等四种。 Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ (3)祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。 Sit down，please. 请坐。 (4)感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。 What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！ [对点集训1] 完成句子 ①The story 　sounds_interesting　. 那个故事听起来很有趣。 ②I 　didn't_do_morning_exercises　 today. 我今天没做早操。 ③　Can_he_speak　 five languages? 他会讲五种语言吗？ ④　Let_them_go　 by train. 让他们坐火车去吧。 ⑤　What_an_interesting_story　 it is! 这是个多么有趣的故事啊！ 2．并列句Compound Sentences 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用分号。 The future is bright；the road is tortuous. 未来是光明的，道路是崎岖的。 (1)用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等，and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。 (2)表示在两者之间选择一个，常用的连接词有or，otherwise，or else，either...or...等，前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系。 (3)表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折，常用的连接词有but，yet，still，however等，前后分句时态一致。 (4)说明原因，用连接词for，前后分句时态一致。 (5)表示结果，用连接词so，前后分句时态一致。 [对点集训2] 完成句子 ①Her father is a doctor，　and_her_mother_is_a_writer　. 她的爸爸是个外科医生，她的妈妈是个作家。 ②We love peace 　but_we_are_not_afraid_of_war　. 我们热爱和平，但是我们不惧怕战争。 ③I was tired，　so_I_went_home_early　. 我累了，于是早早回家了。 ④You must be ill，　for_you_look_so_pale　. 你一定是病了，因为你的脸色如此苍白。 3．主从复合句Complex Sentences 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句都是复合句。 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 外国游客在游览长城时拍了很多照片。 [对点集训3] 将下列简单句改为复合句 (1)①Tom was born in America. ②Tom can speak English fluently. 合并：　Tom_was_born_in_America_and_he_can_speak_English_fluently.　 (2)①It rained heavily. ②This brought flood to the region. 合并：　It_rained_heavily_and_this_brought_flood_to_the_region.　 (3)①Jack is a well­known scholar. ②He mentioned some social problems in his article. ③He was attacked by his opponents. 合并：　Mentioning_some_social_problems_in_his_article，Jack，a_well­known_scholar，was_attacked_by_his_opponents.　 (4)①Shanghai is located in the east of China. ②Shanghai has a population of over 20 million. ③As the largest city in China and the center of commerce and finance，Shanghai is visited by thousands of tourists from all over the world. 合并：　Located_in_the_east_of_China_and_with_a_population_of_over_20_million，Shanghai，the_largest_city_in_China_and_the_center_of_commerce_and_finance，is_visited_by_thousands_of_tourists_from_all_over_the_world.　 (5)①In the north of China，sandstorms often occur in spring. ②Sandstorms take a mass of sand and dust from the desert. ③Sandstorms will result in great damage to the environment. 合并：　In_the_north_of_China，sandstorms_often_occur_in_spring，which_take_a_mass_of_sand_and_dust_from_the_desert，resulting_in_great_damage_to_the_environment.　 建议信 一、文体特点 建议信(a letter of advice)是书信的一种形式，属于应用文。建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，有可能是写给个人，就收信人遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务等方面提出建议或忠告。 二、审题谋篇 建议信一般分为三部分： 首段：一般指明提建议的初衷。 中段：围绕问题，婉转地提出有针对性且具有说服性的建议。注意充分考虑对方的实际情况，表达时用语要得体。 尾段：简单予以希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助，同时阐明你所提供的建议仅供对方参考。 注意： 1．时态应以一般现在时为主。 2．由于是给别人提出建议，所以人称应该以第二人称为主。写作结构应遵循引子、正文、结束三部分的要求，应该目的明确，材料准确翔实，语言简练。 三、知识储备 1．建议信开头 You have asked me for my advice on...and I will try to make some suggestions.Thanks for trusting me.It's my great pleasure to give you some suggestions/advice/tips on... I'm sorry to hear/learn that....However，the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. I'm sorry (that)you are having trouble/difficulty/problems in....I think you can make it if you follow the advice below. I'd like to offer you some advice. 2．表达建议 I would like to suggest that... If I were you，I would... As far as I am concerned.../In my opinion... It seems better that... Why not...？It would be a good idea if... For one thing...，for another... In the first place/Firstly/First...Secondly/Second...Last but not least (最后但是同等重要的)... 3．建议信结尾 These are only my personal suggestions/tips.I hope you will find them useful/helpful. I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail. I'm willing to discuss this matter with you whenever... I will highly appreciate your consideration of my advice/suggestions/tips.I hope... 假定你是李华，最近你的英国笔友杰克刚刚转入一所新学校。由于他性格内向，不擅长交朋友，所以他感到非常孤独，写信向你求助。请你给他回一封电子邮件。 注意：1.词数80左右(开头语已为你写好，但不计入总词数)； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack， I'm sorry to hear that you are lonely in a new school ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [思路点拨] 一、审题定调 1．确定体裁：本文是应用文建议信； 2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第二人称； 3．确定时态：主要以一般现在时为主。 二、基本结构 开头：表明目的。 主体：具体建议内容。 结尾：希望有所帮助。 [词汇热身] 1．be sorry to很遗憾去做某事 2．offer you some advice给你提供一些建议 3．a new environment一个新环境 4．on campus在校园里 5．express your ideas表达你的想法 6．take an active part in积极参加 [主要句式] 1．And you find it hard to make friends because of your shyness. 你发现因为你的害羞你很难交到朋友。 2．I'd like to offer you some advice. 我想给你提供一些建议。 3．Greet your teachers and classmates when meeting them on campus. 在校园里遇到老师和同学要打招呼。 4．Often express your ideas in class and take an active part in class activities. 经常在课堂上发表你的看法，积极参与班级活动。 5．I believe you are sure to make new friends soon. 我相信你一定会很快交上新朋友。 [连句成篇] 　Dear_Jack，　 　I'm_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_lonely_in_a_new_school　 because you find it hard to make friends because of your shyness.Now I'd like to offer you some advice. First of all，it is normal for you to feel lonely because you are living now in a new environment.Second，you should greet your teachers and classmates when meeting them on campus.Third，it will be a good idea if you often express your ideas in class and take an active part in class activities.I believe you are sure to make new friends soon. I hope everything will be fine with you in the future. 　Yours，　 　Li_Hua　 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Ann最近因为父母工作的关系转到了新的班级，她在与朋友相处方面遇到了一些问题，因此向你寻求交到好朋友且维持友谊的方法。你的建议内容如下： 1．学会倾听； 2．有分歧时让步； 3．多陪伴。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：compromise 让步 Dear Ann， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear_Ann，　 I am delighted to have received your letter.I'm sorry to know that you had some problems in making and maintaining new friends in a new class. One important thing to remember when trying to get along with others is to listen.Another thing is that you should compromise；when you don't agree with others，you should give up something to find a solution.Last but not least，keep in mind that it takes time and energy to build new and good relationship. I sincerely hope what I have suggested can be helpful for you.I am looking forward to your reply. 　Yours_sincerely，　 　Li_Hua　 [随堂演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．HUNCH is 　designed　(design)to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 2．Each of my cafes will have a different theme and 　an_　unique style. 3．If anything harms the relationship，it is 　likely　 (like)to be real differences in their world­views. 4．Finally the detective received an award for his perfect 　performance　(perform). 5．When we are at home，she keeps 　pressing　(press)me to study all the time. 6．The people operating these factories are deeply 　concerned　(concern)about the environment. 7．You also get 　expert　(expert)advice on keeping your hair in good condition. 8．Women can exercise more to protect themselves 　from　 heart disease. 9．It's important to learn to write letters of　_advice　(advise). 10．She asks my teachers how I'm doing at school 　whenever　(when)she can. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．In my opinion，　there_is_no_point_being　 upset about it. 在我看来，为这件事烦恼是没有意义的。 2．I wrote that song just to 　cheer_myself_up　. 我写那首歌只是为了让自己振作起来。 3．It's a relief to get out of the office　_once_in_a_while　. 偶尔走出办公室去透透气也是一种调剂。 4．Please！　_Do　 be quiet a moment! 拜托！务必安静一下！ 5．My wife has been 　on_my_back　 for weeks to buy her a new car. 几星期以来，妻子老是缠着我为她买一辆新车。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The national college entrance examination in Russia, Unified State Exam, will include Chinese as 1.　______　elective foreign language starting from 2021.Chinese will become the fifth elective test item for the Unified State Exam 2.________(follow) English, German, French and Spanish. The number of Chinese learners in Russia 3.________(grow)quickly in the past ten years, according to a survey 4.________(make) by a linguistic research center in Russia. Approaches 5.________ learning Chinese change from person to person, with more and more people choosing university courses in Russia. The three hour­long Chinese test will quiz students on 6.________(they)listening, reading and writing abilities, and a fourth section will examine students on grammar, vocabulary and Chinese 7.________(character).Some parts in the exam are even a little bit difficult for native Chinese speakers. According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International(Hanban), as of 2017 some 100 million people, excluding native speakers, use Chinese 8.________(global). The United Nations (UN) in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day 9.________falls on April 20 each year 10.________(celebrate) cultural diversity(多样性) as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。主要说明了从2021年开始，俄罗斯高考将把汉语作为选修外语。俄罗斯一家语言研究中心的一项调查显示，在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数在过去十年中增长迅速。还介绍了全球学习汉语的人数以及“中文日”的设立。 1．解析　考查冠词。句意：从2021年开始，俄罗斯高考将把汉语作为选修外语。language为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且elective是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 答案　an 2．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：汉语将成为继英语、德语、法语和西班牙语之后的第五门选修课。分析句子结构可知follow在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Chinese构成主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填following。 答案　following 3．解析　考查时态。句意：俄罗斯一家语言研究中心的一项调查显示，在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数在过去十年中增长迅速。根据后文in the past ten years可知应用现在完成时，主语为The number of Chinese learners，助动词用has。故填has grown。 答案　has grown 4．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：俄罗斯一家语言研究中心的一项调查显示，在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数在过去十年中增长迅速。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语survey构成被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填made。 答案　made 5．解析　考查介词。句意：在俄罗斯，随着越来越多的人选择大学课程，学习汉语的方法也在因人而异。结合句意表示“……的方法”短语为approach to。故填to。 答案　to 6．解析　考查代词。句意：为期三个小时的中文测试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力，第四部分将测试学生的语法、词汇和汉字。修饰后文名词短语listening, reading and writing abilities应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 答案　their 7．解析　考查名词的数。句意：为期三个小时的中文测试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力，第四部分将测试学生的语法、词汇和汉字。character表示“汉字”为可数名词，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填characters。 答案　characters 8．解析　考查副词。句意：根据国际汉语委员会办公室的数据，截至2017年，全球除以汉语为母语的人外，约有1亿人使用汉语。修饰动词use应用副词globally，作状语。故填globally。 答案　globally 9．解析　考查定语从句。句意：2010年，联合国提议将每年的4月20日定为“中文日”，以庆祝文化多样性，促进所有官方语言的平等使用。定语从句修饰先行词Chinese Language Day，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 答案　that/which 10．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：2010年，联合国提议将每年的4月20日定为“中文日”，以庆祝文化多样性，促进所有官方语言的平等使用。此处celebrate在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to celebrate。 答案　to celebrate 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$