Unit 5 Into the Wild Section Ⅱ Using language(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A five­year­old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck. The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farmhouse on New Year's Eve to collect firewood.Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns(衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around －4 ℃. After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow.Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance. “I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10：30 pm，”Bob explained.“But my Kelsey came.By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking.” Kelsey's companion kept him warm by lying on top of him.She licked his face and hands to keep him awake.“Kelsey kept barking but never left my side，”Bob recalled.“She kept me warm.I knew I couldn't give up and that it was my choice to stay alive.” Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold.When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking.Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6：30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once.When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃.However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮)．They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm.Dr Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said，“Animals can help and his dog really saved him...He was very fortunate.” Bob said he was “enormously” grateful to both Dr Colen and his Kelsey.“They saved my life.They are truly heroes！” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只名叫凯尔西的5岁小狗救助在雪中滑倒并摔断了脖子的主人，挽救了主人的生命而被誉为英雄的故事。 1．What happened to Bob on New Year's Eve? A．He left his dog alone in his farmhouse. B．He was praised for saving a dog owner. C．He broke his neck and couldn't move. D．He heard his neighbor's shouting for help. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck”可知，鲍勃摔断了脖子；根据第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow”可知，事故发生后，他在雪中不能动。故选C。 答案　C 2．Why did Kelsey keep barking? A．To keep warm. B．To stay alive. C．To keep Bob awake. D．To seek help from others. 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking.Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6：30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once.”可知，当他最终失去知觉时，他的狗仍在不停地叫。最后，鲍勃的邻居听到了狗叫声，于新年那天下午六点半发现了他，并且立刻给急救部门打了电话。由此可知，狗一直叫是为了向他人求助。故选D。 答案　D 3．How does Dr Chaim Colen feel about Kelsey? A．Helpful.　　　　　 B．Fortunate. C．Grateful. D．Friendly. 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm.Dr Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, ‘Animals can help and his dog really saved him...’”可知，凯尔西在救助她的主人的过程中起了关键作用，帮助很大。由此可推知，哈伊姆·科伦医生认为凯尔西具有帮助性。故选A。 答案　A 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Neck­breaking Accident B．The Magic Night C．Warmth on a Winter's Night D．Determination to Keep Alive 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一只名叫凯尔西的5岁小狗救助在雪中滑倒并摔断了脖子的主人，在寒冷的新年前夜为主人取暖，挽救了主人的生命的故事。结合选项，C项作为文章标题贴切且准确。故选C。 答案　C B (2022·重庆学业质量调研抽测)The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack. While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals. But now, a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food. The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a laboratory tank. They then piped in clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks. The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic. But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean­soaked plastic or turtle food, they exhibited food­seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities. “This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them，” said Dr. Kenneth J. Lohmann, who took part in the study. “It's common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they've eaten plastic materials. There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion of plastic.” According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source. “Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food，” said Lohmann. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。海洋塑料垃圾因气味被海洋生物误以为是食物而食用，这极大地危害了海洋生物的生存。但是，目前人类没有好的办法可以解决海洋生物误食塑料的问题，这就需要我们尽可能阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋。 5．Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals? A．It may eat up all jellyfish. B．It may mislead them as food. C．It may kill them with its smell. D．It may trap 700 species of sea animals. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is problematic，as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack”可知，塑料污染给海洋动物带来的最大的威胁在于很多海洋生物会把塑料垃圾误当作食物，故B项正确。 答案　B 6．What may attract the loggerhead turtles in the laboratory tank to search for food? A．Sea water.　　　　 B．Clear water. C．Brand­new plastic. D．Sea­soaked plastic. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean­soaked plastic or turtle food, they exhibited food­seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities”可知，实验显示最吸引海龟觅食的是浸泡过海水的塑料或龟粮，故D项正确。 答案　D 7．What can be inferred from Lohmann's words in the last paragraph? A．Turtles should be trained to be more intelligent. B．Plastics should be kept from getting into the ocean. C．An abundant food source should be offered to sea animals. D．Researchers should come up with a solution to the current problem. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lohmann所说的话“Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food”可知，一旦塑料垃圾进入海洋，我们就没有办法去除它们或阻止它们闻起来像食物。据此可以推断，塑料垃圾应被阻止进入海洋，故B项正确。 答案　B 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Ways Found to Remove Plastics B．Loggerhead Turtles Faced with Food Shortage C．Ocean Plastics—Trick or Treat? D．Plastic Pollution—Compromise or Control? 解析　标题归纳题。结合文章大意可知，本文介绍了海洋塑料垃圾散发出来的气味让海洋生物误以为它是食物而食用，从而对海洋生物的生存造成极大的伤害的现状，故D项最适合作本文的标题。 答案　D Ⅱ.七选五 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month. 1 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that，while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters, ”Tononi says. A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning, ” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. [语篇解读]　本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。 1．解析　根据上文“When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.如果实验室老鼠不被允许睡觉， 它们不到一个月就死了。”由此可推知， 同样， 人几天不睡觉， 也会生病， 人和动物对应起来， 死和生病形成对应， 故选C。 答案　C 2．解析　根据上文提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆。可知， 如果学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉， 他们在考试中就会表现得更好， 前后逻辑关系很顺畅， 因果联系， 故选E。 答案　E 3．解析　根据下文中的he, 可知此处要提到一个人， 以及他的理论， 正好F项中有， 故选F。 答案　F 4．解析　根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知， 他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验， G项有关键词synapses, mice, 都与他的实验有关， 故选G。 答案　G 5．解析　根据下文提到的You keep what matters你记住重要的东西， 可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来， 前后逻辑关系顺畅， 故选B。 答案　B Ⅲ.语法填空 One of the main 1. (way) that governments can help to protect wildlife is to help protect wildlife habitats.Many governments have national parks where activities like hunting, farming, 2. fishing are not allowed. The first national park was Yellowstone National Park in the United States.President Ulysses S．Grant 3. (make) it a national park in 1872.Today there are 61 national parks 4. (cover) over 330,000 square kilometres of land in the United States.Throughout the world, there are over 100 countries 5. together protect over 1,000 national parks. An important part of protecting animals 6. (include) keeping track of animal populations.This helps scientists to know if the population is growing or falling.Scientists use a number of methods 7. (try) to understand animal populations. Another way that governments can help in protecting animals is with laws making 8. illegal to kill or harm endangered animals.There are many laws and international treaties (条约) that protect animals.People who hurt or kill these 9. (protect) animals can go to jail (监狱) for a long time and pay heavy fines but 10. (unlucky), there are still some countries that have not signed the treaties. [语篇解读]　文章介绍了政府保护野生生物的几种方法。 1．解析　ways　考查名词单复数。way意为“方法”，为可数名词，根据空前的One of可知，此处表达的是复数意义。故填ways。 答案　ways 2．解析　and　考查连词。根据语境可知hunting、farming与fishing之间为并列关系。故填and。 答案　and 3．解析　考查动词的时态。根据下文中的in 1872可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填made。 答案　made 4．解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意和分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语，修饰名词parks，且parks与cover之间为主动关系。故填covering。 答案　covering 5．解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries，且在从句中作主语。故填that或which。 答案　that/which 6．解析　考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处所在句主语为part，为单数形式，且根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填includes。 答案　includes 7．解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作目的状语。故填to try。 答案　to try 8．解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式结构。故填it。 答案　it 9．解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意和分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰animals，且animals与protect之间为被动关系。故填protected。 答案　protected 10．解析　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填unluckily。 答案　unluckily 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$