UNIT 5 Education Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·浙江1月卷)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow­up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted(诱惑)by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie­poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information­poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸)with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。 1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test? A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers. C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D。 2．According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between . A．the calorie­poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 解析：C　细节理解题。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat.”由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。故选C。 3．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Absorb new information readily. B．Be selective information consumers. C．Use diverse information sources. D．Protect the information environment. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore...we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental‘junk food’ in order to manage our time most effectively.”可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出，作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，A项“欣然接受新信息”；C项“使用多样化的信息源”；D项“保护信息环境”。故选B。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less，Read More B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C．The Later，the Better D．The Marshmallow Test for Grown­ups 解析：D　文章主旨大义题。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D。 B “Baby signing” classes established to improve language skills actually make little difference to children's development, according to a new research.Scholars claimed there was no evidence that the lessons—in which babies are taught simple gestures to communicate their everyday needs—enable children to talk quicker than others. In a three­year study, it was claimed that the method could make mothers more responsive to their children's behaviour but failed to actually increase babies' vocabulary.An active home environment in which parents regularly talk to their children was much more effective, researchers warned.The findings will cast doubt on the movement—born in the United States—which has proved hugely popular among middle­class parents. Baby signing is now a multi­million­pound industry, with thousands of mothers and fathers paying for classes, books and DVDs.Young children are taught simple gestures for words and phrases to communicate their everyday needs, such as “milk” “more” “all gone” “food” and “tired”．It is claimed that the technique brings great benefits, including improving the relationship between mother and child, helping language development and even increasing a child's intelligence. But research from the University of Hertfordshire has found no evidence that using baby signing helps to improve their language development.The scholars added, “Baby signing has become big business and mums, particularly first­time mums, or less confident parents feel the pressure to do it.Some even think ‘If I don't do it and everyone else does, I must be a bad mother.’” Nevertheless, baby signing experts barely sustained the findings.Wendy Moat, 45, who has been running baby signing classes for three years, said that the classes encouraged speech development, and might help develop a higher IQ.She said, “So many mums say that their children talk so well because they did baby signing when they were babies.Parents wouldn't say it if they didn't believe it.” 5．Which of the following may help improve children's language skills? A．Using simple words and phrases. B．Talking to them as much as possible. C．Buying them more books and DVDs. D．Creating a serious home environment. 6．According to paragraph 4, what may cause some new mothers to choose baby signing classes? A．They are influenced by others. B．They are sure of the effects of the classes. C．They don't want to be looked down upon. D．They don't know how to teach their children. 7．What does the underlined word “sustained” in the last paragraph mean? A．Obtained.　　　　 B．Sought. C．Approved of. D．Figured out. 8．What's the main idea of the text? A．How to teach children to communicate effectively. B．Baby signing classes increase children's intelligence. C．How to improve the relationship between mother and child. D．Baby signing classes fail to improve children's language skills. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项最新的研究结果——为提高语言能力而开设的婴儿手语课程实际上对儿童的语言技能发展几乎没有什么作用。 5．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An active home environment in which parents regularly talk to their children was much more effective”可知，尽可能多地和孩子交谈可能有助于提高儿童的语言技能。 6．A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Some even think ‘If I don't do it and everyone else does, I must be a bad mother.’”可推知，一些新手妈妈选择婴儿手语课是受他人影响，是一种盲目跟风的行为。 7．C　词义猜测题。首先需要明确画线词后的the findings指第四段提到的研究发现，即赫特福德大学的研究发现：没有证据表明使用婴儿手语有助于加快他们的语言发展。但根据提示词Nevertheless可知，婴儿手语专家说的话和研究发现应是对立的。由此可推知，sustain与approve of意思相近，意为“赞成”。 8．D　主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，文章第一段已明确给出本文主要话题——为提高语言能力而开设的“婴儿手语”课程对儿童的发展几乎没有什么作用。通读全文可知，下文所述的各项研究结果都围绕这一观点展开。因此本文主旨是婴儿手语课不能提高儿童的语言技能。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023－2024学年常德一中阶段练习)While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors — drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing, a new study finds that there's another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same mental symptoms. These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. 1 But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position. 2 The study's authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking and high media use. 3 The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low­risk group.But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high­risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression. The findings caught Carli off guard.“We didn't expect that，” he says.“The high­risk group and low­risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. 4 ” Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health­care providers. 5 A．Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the “invisible risk” group by the study's authors. B．Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. C．Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. D．It was so distinct and so larger — nearly one third of our sample — that it became a key finding of the study. E．It was intended to dig into the reasons for depression. F．And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full­blown disorders. G．A teenager who suffers from a lack of sleep may have a high risk of depression. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究表明生活作息不规律的青少年有患抑郁症的风险。 1．C　根据上文“These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary lifestyle.(这些青少年使用大量的媒体，睡眠不足，养成不爱活动的生活方式)”和下文“But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position.(但该研究警告，那些极端地进行这三种行为的青少年才是真正处于危险境地的人)”可知，空处应与下文构成转折关系，指出上文描述的情况是大多数青少年生活的常态。C项“Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet.(当然，这可能听起来像是对地球上每一个青少年的描述)”符合题意，that指代上文描述的情况，且内容上与下文构成转折。故选C。 2．A　空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous position.(但该研究警告，那些极端地进行这三种行为的青少年才是真正处于危险境地的人)”推知，空处应陈述为什么极端地长时间上网、睡眠不足、不爱活动这三种行为让青少年处于危险的境地。A项“Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been called the ‘invisible risk’ group by the study's authors.(因为他们的行为通常不会被视为危险信号，这些年轻人被该研究的作者称为‘隐形风险’群体)”符合题意。故选A。 3．B　根据上文“The study's authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking and high media use.(该研究的作者调查了15 395名学生，分析了九种危险行为，包括过度饮酒、非法使用药物、大量吸烟和大量使用媒体)”和下文“The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low­risk group.(在所有九种危险行为中得分较高的那一组最有可能出现抑郁症状；总的来说，这一组中有近15%的人患有抑郁症，而低风险组中只有4%的人患有抑郁症)”呈现的调查结果推知，空处应承接上文指出研究者调查的目的是什么——揭示这些危险行为与心理健康的关系。B项“Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.(他们的目的是确定这些危险行为与青少年心理健康问题之间的关系)”符合题意，承上启下。故选B。 4．D　空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“The findings caught Carli off guard.‘We didn't expect that，’he says.‘The high­risk group and low­risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected.’(这些发现让Carli措手不及。‘我们没有预料到这一点，’他说。‘高风险组和低风险组是显而易见的，但第三组不仅出乎意料’)”中的not only推知，空处陈述第三组比让人意外程度更深的方面。结合上段末句“But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high­risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.(但隐形人群的情况并不比高危人群差多少，其中超过13%的人表现出抑郁)”可知，D项“It was so distinct and so larger — nearly one third of our sample — that it became a key finding of the study.(它是如此独特，如此之大——几乎占我们样本的三分之一——这成为了这项研究的一个关键发现)”符合题意，与上文构成递进关系，即呼应上段的调查结果。故选D。 5．F　空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health­care providers.(Carli说，他的研究最重要的一点是，它为父母、老师和精神卫生保健提供者提供了新的早期预警信号)”推知，空处应陈述这些早期预警信号对预防青少年抑郁的好处。F项“And early identifications, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full­blown disorders.(他说，对心理健康问题的早期识别、支持和治疗是防止它们演变成全面失调的最好方法)”符合题意，且he指代上文Carli。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well­known Aesop's fables date to the 2. (six) century B．C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,3. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fables.In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America, 4. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, 5. (borrow) some familiar words from many age­old fables.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone. 7． (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了卡森借助传统寓言的风格，但是却传递严肃的教育意义，教导人们承担起拯救环境的责任。 1．to teach　考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们讲述寓言，目的是教训人或传递智慧。此处不定式作目的状语，所以空处填to teach。注意：后面的“or to pass”也是提示。 2．sixth　考查序数词。句意：著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处填序数词sixth。 3．as　考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。 4．where　考查定语从句。句意：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 5．borrowing　考查非谓语动词。句意：她的寓言这样开始，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，begins是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语，与逻辑主语her fable之间是主谓关系，所以空处填现在分词borrowing。 6．intended　考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简单的风格背后，却是一个为每个人提供的严肃信息。分析句子结构可知，is是句子谓语动词，空处为非谓语作后置定语。be intended for是固定用法，所以空处填过去分词intended。 7．Different　考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以指控而非寓意结尾。be different from“与……不同”，是固定短语，此处作状语，去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写，故填Different。 8．for　考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起拯救环境的责任。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定短语。 9．warning　考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是一个更有分量的关于环境破坏的警告。分析句子结构可知，空前有冠词和形容词修饰，故空处应填名词warning。 10．be employed　考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种流传千古的简单的文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语a simple literary form和动词employ“运用”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。空前是情态动词，故填be employed。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$