UNIT 4 Humour Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023－2024学年咸阳高二期中)John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early.At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D in mathematics.From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there.His first book was published in 1932.In 1933, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full­time people in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others)． World War Ⅱ hugely converted von Neumann's areas of interest.Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician.During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice.During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions.After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service.He received many awards.He was the president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission.He died of cancer in 1957. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history.He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him.His driving ability is a part of his legend.He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名科学家约翰·冯·诺伊曼的生平经历、取得的重大成就以及一则有趣的故事。 1．John von Neumann also learned chemistry because . A．his father didn't trust his talent in learning mathematics B．he believed he could live a wealthy life learning chemistry C．he had the gift for solving problems at a high speed D．his father worried about his income as a mathematician 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.(17岁时，冯·诺伊曼的父亲劝他不要成为一名数学家，因为当数学家可能会过着贫穷的生活，所以他也同意学习化学)”可知，因为他父亲担心他作为数学家收入会很微薄，所以冯·诺伊曼也学习了化学。故选D。 2．When was John von Neumann's first book published? A．In 1926.　　　　 B．In 1930. C．In 1932. D．In 1933. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“His first book was published in 1932.(他的第一本书出版于1932年)”可知，冯·诺伊曼出版第一本书时是1932年。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “converted” mean in paragraph 3? A．Ban. B．Change. C．Delay. D．Break. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文“Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician.During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice.(直到1940年，他一直是一位伟大的纯数学家。在战争期间和战后，他成为将数学理论付诸实践的最优秀的数学家之一)”可知，冯·诺伊曼在战争前研究纯数学，在战争期间和战后研究如何应用数学理论。由此可知，二战改变了他的兴趣领域，converted意思应该是“改变，转变”，与change意思接近。故选B。 4．Which of the following can best describe John von Neumann? A．Intelligent and humorous. B．Smart but careless. C．Brave and calm. D．Kind and easy­going. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段描述的冯·诺伊曼惊人的学习能力，第二段描述的突出的研究能力，第三段描述的在理论数学、应用数学和计算机等领域取得的巨大成就可知，他非常聪明。根据最后一段中“He reported one accident this way：‘I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.’(他这样报告了一起事故：‘我在路上开车。右边的树以每小时60英里的速度有序地从我身边经过。突然，其中一棵挡住了我的去路’)”可知，冯·诺依曼在报告开车事故时，将自己与树木之间的动与静的状态颠倒，让人忍俊不禁，因此他非常幽默。故选A。 B You probably laugh at something you find funny, but how much do you really know about jokes and humour？Reader's Digest (RD) questioned several experts to give us some facts about them. RD：What's the oldest joke in the world? “We can't know the oldest joke in the world because it would have existed earlier than writing.”says Christie Davies, professor of sociology at the University of Reading in the UK.The oldest joke book that's been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.It dates from the 4th century AD, although the jokes date from an earlier time.According to the psychologist Steve Wilson, director of National Humour Month (April in the US), it contains 265 jokes. RD：Do some people fail to develop a sense of humour? Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour, as we develop, humour and laughter begin to appear.“Of course, some children are more serious, quiet and less likely to laugh frequently, but this doesn't mean they don't have a sense of humour.”And according to Steve Wilson, there are no adults who don't have a sense of humour.“Almost everyone is able to develop a sense of humour, and I teach people how，” he says. RD：Do people share a sense of humour unique to their own nation? Sense of humour does differ a lot by country, according to an author named Scott Weems.British humour is thought to be absurd (荒谬的) in nature, while American humour has an aggressive quality.According to a study, Germans are found to find everything funny. [语篇解读]　本文是一则问卷调查。Reader's Digest (RD)采访了一些专家，询问关于幽默的一些问题，并记录了专家们的观点。 5．What do we know about the oldest joke book? A．It remains unknown. B．It was written in Greek. C．It was found in the UK. D．It contains the oldest joke. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The oldest joke book that's been found so far is the Greek Philogelos.”可知，世界上第一本笑话类书籍是希腊的Philogelos，由此可推断这本书是用希腊语写的。 6．What does Rod Martin agree with about people's sense of humour? A．Nobody is born with a sense of humour. B．Some adults lose it when they grow up. C．Childhood is the best time to develop such an ability. D．Children have a poorer sense of humour than adults. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Rod Martin, professor of psychology at the Western University in Canada, believes that while everyone is born without a sense of humour”可知，Rod Martin认为人们出生的时候是没有幽默感的，幽默感是随着成长而逐渐形成的。 7．What kind of humour has an aggressive feature? A．British humour. B．German humour. C．Canadian humour. D．American humour. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，美国式幽默具有攻击性。 8．Where can you probably find the text? A．In a popular magazine. B．In a research paper. C．In a personal diary. D．In a textbook. 解析：A　文章出处题。根据第一段内容可知，本文是一则问卷调查。Reader's Digest采访了一些专家、询问关于幽默的一些问题，并作了记录，所以本文可能来自一本广受欢迎的杂志。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023－2024学年高二上单元测试)Laughter is the best medicine.It helps solve problems, improve relationships, and support both physical and emotional health. 1 Read the following suggestions and learn to make laughter part of your life. Laugh at yourself.Laughing at yourself is one of the biggest differences between happy people and unhappy people.It communicates to both you and the people around you that it's no big deal.So be brave enough to share your embarrassing moments. 2 When something negative happens, try to make it a humorous story that will make you and others laugh. 3 Keep a toy on your desk or in your car.Put up a funny poster in your office.Choose a computer screensaver that makes you laugh.Frame photos of you and your family or friends having fun.All of these are good resources of laughter. Spend time with funny people.Even if you don't consider yourself a humorous person, you can still seek out new friends who are ready to laugh and who can make you laugh.These are people who find humor in everyday events.Their playful points of view and laughter are contagious (传染的)． 4 Don't go a day without laughing.Set aside 10 minutes each day to do something that amuses you.You can watch some humorous videos or look at some funny photos online. 5 Try thinking back to a joke you heard or read, or a comedy you watched. As long as you have a joyful heart and purposely make time to laugh, you'll be amazed at how differently you will begin to view your job, your family, your relationships and yourself. A．Surround yourself with amusing reminders to lighten up. B．If you can't find any humor at hand, recall something funny. C．When you are around them, you'll be more likely to laugh too. D．But not everyone is good at laughing genuinely and accurately. E．Try to schedule this right after the most stressful part of your day. F．Attempt to laugh at your awkward situations rather than regret them. G．Avoid negative people and don't hold on to things that make you unhappy. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。笑是最好的药。它有助于解决问题，改善关系，支持身心健康。但不是每个人都擅长真实准确地笑，因此文章就如何让欢笑成为生活的一部分提出了一些建议。 1．D　根据后文“Read the following suggestions and learn to make laughter part of your life.(阅读下面的建议，学会让欢笑成为你生活的一部分。)”由此可知，虽然笑很有帮助，但是并不是每个人都擅长笑，所以本文提出了一些建议。故D选项“但并不是每个人都擅长真实准确地笑”符合语境，故选D。 2．F　根据后文“When something negative happens, try to make it a humorous story that will make you and others laugh.(当消极的事情发生时，试着把它变成一个幽默的故事，让你和其他人都笑起来。)”由此可知，本句旨在建议把消极尴尬的事情拿来嘲笑，变成一个幽默的故事，让你和其他人都笑起来。故F选项“试着嘲笑你的尴尬处境，而不是后悔”符合语境，故选F。 3．A　本句为本段中心句，根据后文“Keep a toy on your desk or in your car.Put up a funny poster in your office.Choose a computer screensaver that makes you laugh.Frame photos of you and your family or friends having fun.All of these are good resources of laughter.(在你的桌子上或车里放一个玩具。在你的办公室贴一张有趣的海报。选择一个让你笑的电脑屏幕保护程序。把你和你的家人或朋友玩得很开心的照片裱起来。所有这些都是欢笑的好资源。)”由此可知，本段是在说明用一些东西作为欢笑的资源，来提醒自己微笑放松。故A选项“用有趣的提醒来让自己放松”符合语境，故选A。 4．C　结合上文“Spend time with funny people.Even if you don't consider yourself a humorous person, you can still seek out new friends who are ready to laugh and who can make you laugh.These are people who find humor in everyday events.Their playful points of view and laughter are contagious.(花时间和有趣的人在一起。即使你不认为自己是一个幽默的人，你仍然可以寻找那些准备好笑和能让你笑的新朋友。这些人在日常生活中发现幽默。他们戏谑的观点和笑声具有感染力。)”由此可知，本句承接上文说明，那些有趣的人有感染力，所以当你在他们身边的时候，你也更有可能笑。故C选项“当你在他们身边的时候，你也更有可能笑”符合语境，故选C。 5．B　根据后文“Try thinking back to a joke you heard or read, or a comedy you watched.(试着回想一下你听到或读到的笑话，或你看过的喜剧。)”由此可知，本句是在说明可以通过回忆一些有趣的事情，来让自己笑。故B选项“如果你手边找不到任何幽默，回忆一些有趣的事情”符合语境，故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun 1. drives winter from the human face.” Till now nobody has been able to do this 2. (well) than Charlie Chaplin.Take The Gold Rush for example.The film is set in California in the middle of the 3. (nineteen) century.Chaplin and his friend have rushed there and expected to find gold, 4. they have not been fortunate enough to find any.What's worse, they are caught in a snowstorm in a small wooden house with nothing to eat.They are very hungry and 5. (final) what they have to do is to boil a pair of leather shoes for dinner.Surprisingly, Chaplin acts as if it were one of the best 6. (meal) he has ever had! Charlie Chaplin was gifted in 7. (make) terrible situations funny and managed to show the courage and 8. (kind) that can be found in the most difficult situation.He is loved and remembered as 9. outstanding actor who not only amazes us by his wonderful performances but also 10. (inspire) us with great confidence. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述卓别林一直受到人们的爱戴和怀念。他擅长把糟糕的情况变得有趣，并设法在最困难的情况下展现勇气和善良。他不仅用精彩的表演让我们惊叹，而且给了我们极大的信心。 1．that/which　考查定语从句。句意：正如维克多·雨果(Victor Hugo)曾经说过的，“笑是太阳，把冬天从人的脸上赶走。”分析句子可知，这是定语从句， 先行词为sun，在从句中作主语，所以应用that或which。故填that/which。 2．better　考查比较级。句意：到目前为止，没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。分析句子，由句中的than可知，此处应使用比较级。故填better。 3．nineteenth　考查序数词。句意：这部电影的背景是十九世纪中叶的加利福尼亚州。 “the＋序数词＋century”表示第几世纪，nineteen的序数词是nineteenth。故填nineteenth。 4．but　考查连词。句意：卓别林和他的朋友急忙赶到那里，希望能找到金子，但他们没有足够的幸运找到金子。分析句子可知，空格前后是转折关系，故用but连接。故填but。 5．finally　考查副词。句意：他们非常饿，最后他们要做的就是煮一双皮鞋当晚餐。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语修饰后面整个句子。故填finally。 6．meals　考查名词复数。句意：令人惊讶的是，卓别林表现得好像这是他吃过的最好的一餐！one of后应使用名词的复数形式。故填meals。 7．making　考查非谓语。句意：查理·卓别林擅长把可怕的情况搞笑，并在最困难的情况下表现出勇气和善良。be gifted in doing是固定搭配，意为“在某方面有天赋”。故填making。 8．kindness　考查名词。句意：查理·卓别林擅长把可怕的情况搞笑，并在最困难的情况下表现出勇气和善良。and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分。根据and前的名词courage可知and后面应使用kind的名词形式。故填kindness。 9．an　考查不定冠词。句意：他是一位杰出的演员，他不仅以精彩的表演让我们惊叹，而且以巨大的信心激励我们。此处泛指“一个杰出的演员”，应使用不定冠词，且outstanding的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 10．inspires　考查主谓一致。句意：他是一位杰出的演员，他不仅以精彩的表演让我们惊叹，而且以巨大的信心激励我们。定语从句中who作主语，指代先行词an outstanding actor。主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。but为并列连词，此处并列所填空与前面的谓语amazes，因此所填空也要使用inspire的第三人称单数形式inspires。故填inspires。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$