UNIT 4 Humour Section Ⅱ Lesson 1(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A What is it that makes people laugh? More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined (定义) jokes as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph(胜利) by showing we're better than someone else in a certain way.According to Aristotle and many other philosophers，all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons—that is，putting it clearly，on showing that they are worse off than ourselves.Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves at someone else's expense. Showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes.Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us.We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone sliding on a banana skin.The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society.This is probably the reason why some of the jokes，especially those involving cruelty，are so popular with certain people. Besides，all jokes depend on our enjoyment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it's different from things which are happening around it.The same situation can be either sad or pleasant，depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is.If a girl in a bathing suit falls into a swimming pool，we don't laugh because nothing unusual has happened.But if a man in a smart suit falls in，the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh.A good joke­teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens，and so we laugh. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了笑话。 1．According to Aristotle，all jokes depend mainly on . A．showing inferiority in another person or group B．resulting in a sense of success C．having a good opinion of other people D．making people laugh unexpectedly 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to Aristotle and many other philosophers, all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons...(根据亚里士多德和其他许多哲学家的说法，所有的笑话主要是为了显示另一个人或一群人的自卑)”可知，笑话是依赖于展示出另外一个人或群体的自卑。 故选A。 2．The underlined word “inferiority”(in paragraph 1) means . A．something that is not as good as something else B．something that is better than something else C．someone that is not as good as someone else D．someone that is better than someone else 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据破折号后的“that is，putting it clearly，on showing that they are worse off than ourselves.(也就是说，要清楚地表明，他们的境况比我们还糟糕)”可知，inferiority与worse off是同义词，意思是“不如别的东西好的东西”。故选A。 3．What's the main idea of paragraph 2? A．Showing we are better than other people is the only one reason we like jokes. B．When people are angry，they would like to hear jokes. C．People who like jokes are usually cruel. D．To express those attitudes usually unacceptable to society is one of the reasons we like jokes. 解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第二段“Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us.(有些人也可能用笑话来表达他们的愤怒或他们的残忍或任何其他我们不能接受的行为)”可知第二段主要讲了我们喜欢笑话的原因之一就是为了表达那些通常不被社会接受的态度。故选D。 4．What will a good joke­teller always try to do? A．Make a sad situation into a pleasant one. B．Make different things happen at the same time. C．Make an unexpected thing happen in an expected situation. D．Make people laugh at something unusual and out of place. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“A good joke­teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens，and so we laugh.(一个会讲笑话的人总是试图营造一种情境，让人们期待一件事，直到意外的事情突然发生，我们才会笑)”可知，C项 “让意想不到的事情发生在预期的情况下 ”正确。 故选C。 B According to a report by the World Health Organization, there are currently 285 million people in the world who are visually disadvantaged.Among those 39 million people are blind whereas 246 million people are living with low vision of some kind.Accessibility options can be improved with a simple walking stick, but life is still full of obstacles (障碍) for those people. To help this visually­challenged population, Chandigarh University's student Lovelesh Dutt has developed a smart stick which helps them with their day­to­day activities, ensuring that their visual problem doesn't prevent them from living a life of joy. Based on artificial intelligence, the smart stick has a number of features.For example, if any kind of object or animal or even human comes in the way of the user, then the stick will generate a warning sound, besides producing vibrations (震动), making the user aware of the object coming in front of them. Dutt explains that the AI­based smart stick is connected to the GPS system, which provides information about the location of the user to their family.Besides, the stick draws its power from the sun with the help of a solar panel mounted on it, thus removing the problem of charging it. “The stick has an inbuilt emergency SOS network.In case of any emergency, the user can press the button on the stick, which will automatically send an SOS message to the police and family members along with the location of the user.Also, if anyone tries to harm the user, the inbuilt device at the bottom of the stick will give a shock of 400kv to the offender, allowing the blind person to protect themselves，” he says. There is more to Dutt than just the smart stick.With exceptional performance in the field of research and innovation, Dutt is providing free technology and research education to poor children.Furthermore, his work towards women's safety and self­reliance is leading the charge for a safer society for women. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。大学生发明智能手杖，不仅能帮助视障人士躲避路上的障碍物，还能提供定位、报警及自卫功能，大大改善了视障人士的生活。 5．What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us about visually­challenged people? A．Their global numbers. B．Their levels of visibility. C．The causes of their problem. D．The need to improve their well­being. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“According to a report by the World Health Organization, there are currently 285 million people in the world who are visually disadvantaged.Among those 39 million people are blind whereas 246 million people are living with low vision of some kind.Accessibility options can be improved with a simple walking stick, but life is still full of obstacles (障碍) for those people.(根据世界卫生组织的一份报告，目前世界上有2.85亿人视力不佳。其中3900万人失明，而2.46亿人生活在某种程度的低视力中。使用一根简单的手杖就可以改善无障碍选择，但对这些人来说，生活仍然充满了障碍)”可知，第一段通过数据表明全球视障人群数量庞大，继而表明虽然通过使用盲人手杖，他们的出行便捷度得到提高，但还是有很多生活困难。言下之意就是，提高视障人群生活满意度的需求迫在眉睫。故选D。 6．How can the smart stick benefit its users? A．Preventing them from running into barriers. B．Planning a route for them to their destination. C．Helping them call the doctor in emergencies. D．Enabling them to talk with family members. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, if any kind of object or animal or even human comes in the way of the user, then the stick will generate a warning sound, besides producing vibrations (震动), making the user aware of the object coming in front of them.(例如，如果任何一种物体、动物甚至人类挡在用户面前，那么手杖除了产生振动外，还会发出警告声音，让用户意识到前方有物体)”可知，如果使用者在行进过程中遇到了任何物体、动物或人，这款智能手杖都会发出提醒。也就是说，这款手杖可以避免使用者在行进途中撞到前方的障碍物。故选A。 7．What does the device at the bottom of the stick function as? A．A self­defensive weapon. B．A charging port. C．An alarm network. D．A GPS system. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Also, if anyone tries to harm the user, the inbuilt device at the bottom of the stick will give a shock of 400kv to the offender, allowing the blind person to protect themselves(此外，如果有人试图伤害使用者，手杖底部的内置装置会给冒犯者400千伏的电击，让盲人保护自己)”可知，手杖尾端的装置可以对侵犯者输出400千伏的电压，这能让视障人士在遇到袭击时保护自己。由此可知，这个装置可以当成一件自卫的武器。故选A。 8．What sort of student is Dutt according to the last paragraph? A．Self­reliant. B．Business­talented. C．Socially responsible. D．Environmentally focused. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is more to Dutt than just the smart stick.With exceptional performance in the field of research and innovation, Dutt is providing free technology and research education to poor children.Furthermore, his work towards women's safety and self­reliance is leading the charge for a safer society for women.(对于Dutt来说，不仅仅是智能手杖。由于在研究和创新领域的卓越表现，Dutt正在为贫困儿童提供免费的技术和研究教育。此外，他为妇女的安全和自力更生所做的工作正在领导为妇女建立一个更安全的社会)”可知，Dutt作为一名学生，心系视障人士的福祉，发明提高其生活便利度的智能手杖。Dutt还利用自身的科研优势，为贫困儿童免费提供科研教育。另外，他还在推动妇女安全和自力更生事业方面做出贡献。由此推知，Dutt是一名社会责任感非常强的好青年。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager，a neighborhood friend 1 a marathon race.Feeling motivated，I started running 2 ，but then two things happened.First，a girl I met one day told me she was 3 for a “super”，referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon.Then，the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest，I 4 it！Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging，I decided that the only 6 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 7 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 8 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day，I 9 her bike and went for a ride.The 10 ：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such 11 .That day，I got 12 by about 100“local”bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home，suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 13 . I've 14 a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself，they just have to be my own. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在生活中，他人的成就对作者的激励作用以及消极作用。作者曾经受朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激励而开始跑步，但后来因遇到更厉害的跑步者和感受到跑步的无聊而放弃。再后来作者转而骑自行车，但因爬坡的困难和被人超过的打击而放弃。最终，作者意识到目标应针对自身而设。 1．A.knew　　　　　　 B．held C．won D．quit 解析：C　上文中的“I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.”提到作者会因为别人的成就而受到激励。结合下文的“Feeling motivated，I started running”可知，此处是指一个社区的朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，作者因此受到了激励。quit“退出”。故用won。 2．A.regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 解析：A　结合语境和常识可知，作者受到了激励，因此应是开始定期跑步。silently“悄悄地，静静地”；proudly“得意地，自豪地”。故用regularly。 3．A.asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 解析：D　由下文的“referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon”可知，作者遇到的那个女孩要参加一场52.4英里的双人马拉松比赛，因此她那时正在为之训练，故用 training。 4．A.made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 解析：C　受到那个女孩的影响，作者第二天就开始跑自己从未跑过的最长距离——15 英里。根据下文的“the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者认为慢跑无比无聊，因此其实作者本身没有跑步的意愿，所以此处可推知，作者是讨厌跑15英里的。deserve“值得，应得”。故用 hated。 5．A.advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 解析：B　作者遇到的女孩为52.4 英里的双人马拉松比赛训练，而作者在跑15英里的距离，因此对比之下在那个女孩面前作者跑步的成就显得非常渺小。advantage“有利条件，有利因素，优势”； achievement“成就，成绩”；contribution“贡献”； influence“影响”。故用 achievement。 6．A.way B．risk C．place D．reason 解析：D　由上文可知，跑步对作者而言是令人讨厌的、无聊的，因此作者放弃了跑步，决定以后能让自己再次跑步的唯一原因是后面有大狗在追赶。risk“危险，风险”。故用 reason。 7．A.gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 解析：C　由下文的“I got a good bike and rode a lot”可知，作者买了一辆好的自行车，并骑了很多次，因此作者放弃跑步后把自己的目标转向了骑自行车。give up“放弃”；go on“继续”；deal with“处理”。故用 turned to。 8．A.heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 解析：B　结合上文中描述的作者的经历和下文作者放弃了骑行可知，此处表示在骑行方面，作者一开始梦想着参加骑行比赛，直到飞往圣地亚戈拜访姐姐。complain“抱怨”；approve“同意”。故用dreamed。 9．A.painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 解析：B　根据空前的“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day”和空后的“went for a ride”可知，作者去圣地亚戈找姐姐，一天姐姐在上班，作者去骑行了，因此此处是说作者向姐姐借了自行车，故用borrowed。 10．A.problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 解析：A　由空后的“The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，那里的道路穿过宽阔的山谷，在那里作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路；再结合下文的“about 100 ‘local’bikers who were used to such roads”可知，与当地那些习惯了这种路的人相比，作者不习惯这种路，这种路对作者而言是一个问题。principle“原则，原理”。故用 problem。 11．A.dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 解析：D　作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，结合常识和下文作者放弃骑自行车可知，此处是在描述作者的困难，所以此处是说作者从来没有遇到过这种挑战。danger“危险，风险”； event“活动，比赛项目”；opponent“对手，竞争者”。故用challenges。 12．A.passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 解析：A　由上文内容和下文的“by about 100‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知，作者被熟悉这种路的当地骑行者超过，convince“使确信，使相信，使信服”； admire“钦佩，赞赏”。故用passed。 13．A.reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 解析：D　结合上文可知，作者在骑行途中遇到了挑战，又被大约百人超过，作者受挫了，因此骑行对作者来说就没有那么有吸引力了，reliable“可信赖的，可依靠的”；convenient“实用的，便利的”； familiar“熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的”。故用appealing。 14．A.traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 解析：B　结合文章最后一句“I've come to accept...be my own.”可知，经过跑步和骑行这两件事情，作者已经逐渐相信目标应是为自己而设的，因此作者成长了、成熟了，故用 matured。 15．A.limits B．dates C．goals D．tests 解析：C　综合全文可知，在跑步和骑行这两件事情上，作者均受到了他人成就的影响，但结果都失败了，故此处是说自那之后作者逐渐相信不管为自己设定什么目标，这些目标都要是为自己而设的。limit“限制”。故用goals。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$