UNIT 5 Education Section Ⅳ Lesson 2(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Lesson 2 Ⅰ.重点词汇 ◎核心单词 1．objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的 2．gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益 3．well­rounded adj.多面的，全面的 4．pursue vt.追求 5．cognition n．认识，认知 6．core adj.核心的 7．insight n．洞察力；顿悟 8．civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的 9．integrity n．正直，诚实；完整 10．moral adj.道德(上)的 11．economics n．经济学 12．regardless (of) adv.不管；不顾 13．circumstance n．境况，状况；情况，情形 14．citizen n．公民 15．initiative n．主动性 16．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 ◎拓展单词 17．critical adj.批评的；批判的→critically adv.危急地；严重地→uncritical adj.不批评的；不加批评的→uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地 18．acquire vt.获得；取得→acquisition n．获得，习得 19．contribute vi.&vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n．贡献；捐献 20．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财政的 21．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.暴露的；无掩蔽的→exposure n．暴露；揭露 22．surround vt.包围；环绕→surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surroundings n．环境 23．judge vt.断定；判断→judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决 24．behave vi.表现→behavior n．行为；举止 25．conclude vt.&vi.推断出；结束→conclusion n．结论 26．define vt.定义；解释→definition n．定义，释义 27．respective adj.分别的；各自的→respectively adv.各自地 28．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任 29．prior adj.优先的；在前的→priority n．优先处理的事；优先权 30．stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激；激励；鼓舞 31．autonomy n．自治；自治权；自主→autonomous adj.自主的；自治的 32．demonstrate vt.展示；说明→demonstration n．示范；表达；实证 33．assess vt.评价→assessment n．评价；评估；评定 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．contribute to 促成 2．be exposed to 裸露于 3．regardless of 不管，不顾 4．in conclusion 最后 5．have the responsibility to 有责任…… Ⅲ.句式语境 why引导表语从句 That's why students need to have clear learning goals for themselves and to learn how to analyse, compare and evaluate what is taught. 这就是为什么学生需要为自己制定明确的学习目标，并学习如何分析、比较和评估所教的内容。 [重点词汇] 1．contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献 [经典佳句]　 And I will also try my best to make a contribution/contributions to the society.I firmly believe that a bright future is waiting for us.(应用文之演讲稿) 我也会尽我最大的努力为社会作出贡献。我坚信一个美好的未来正在等待着我们。 (1)contribute ...to ... 向……捐赠/投稿…… contribute to 对……做出贡献；促成；有助于(to是介词) (2)contributor n. 投稿者；捐助者 (3)contribution n. 贡献，捐献，捐助；稿件 make a contribution to (doing) ... 为……做出贡献(to是介词) [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To our surprise, he contributed half of his savings to earthquake victims. ②(2023·全国甲卷写作)Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society. ③Sitting for long periods of time before the screen has an unhealthy influence on us, contributing (contribute) to back and neck pains. ④学生受到鼓励向校刊投稿。 Students are encouraged to contribute articles to the university magazine. 2.expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 [经典佳句]　 When you come to China, you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture. 当你来到中国时，你可以接触到中国语言和中国文化。 (1)expose sb to sth　使某人接触/体验某事物 expose sth/sb/oneself to＝be exposed to ... 使面临/遭受(危险或不快) (2)exposure n. 暴露；揭露 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's very foolish of the commander to let his men be exposed (expose) to unnecessary risks. ②(2021·天津卷)She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their own using animation software. ③Long exposure (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems. ④Being exposed (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. ⑤在国外留学，使他体验了一种新的生活方式。 Studying abroad, he was exposed to a new way of life. 3.surrounding adj.四周的，附近的 [经典佳句]　 It attracts travellers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. 它吸引游客来这里骑自行车和步行穿过周围的森林。 (1)surround vt.　包围，围绕 surround sb/sth with sb/sth 某人/某物被某人/某物围绕/包围 be surrounded by/with ... 　被……包围；周围是…… (2)surroundings n. 环境(常用复数) [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness，and the surrounding (surround) soup hot，clear and delicious. ③(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings (surround)． ④当他看到从河里升起的薄雾和环绕山顶的轻云时，他不禁泪流满面。(读后续写之情感描写) When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 4.judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决 [经典佳句]　 Judging from/by the story, it is only shallow people who judge a person from/by his appearance.(读后续写之主旨升华) 从这个故事判断，只有肤浅的人才会以貌取人。 (1)judge n．法官；审判员；裁判员 　 　vt. 判断；审判；裁判 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 judge that ... 断定…… judge sb to be ... 认为某人是…… (2)judging from/by ... 根据……来判断 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Judging (judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we shouldn't judge a man by/from his looks. ②Apparently, blindly following other's advice will affect our own judgment (judge)． ③我写信邀请您担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的评委。 (应用文之邀请信) I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on 15 June. 5.behave vi.表现 [经典佳句]　 People believing in freedom are those who behave within the laws and value systems. 信仰自由的人是那些行为以法律和价值体系为准则的人。 (1)behave well/badly 　行为规矩/不规矩；表现好/不好 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 (2)well­behaved/badly­behaved adj. 表现好/差的 (3)behaviour n. 举止；行为 [即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of the class.(behave) ②规矩点，你应该为你妹妹树立一个好榜样。 Behave yourself.You should be setting your little sister a good example. ③强烈建议你参加晚宴时要举止得体。作为一位举止得体的客人，你不应该把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。 (应用文之传统习俗) It is highly recommended that you (should) behave yourself when attending feasts.As a well­behaved guest, you shouldn't stick your chopsticks in the food or point them at others. [重点句型] (教材原句)That's why students need to have clear learning goals for themselves and to learn how to analyse, compare and evaluate what is taught. 这就是为什么学生需要为自己制定明确的学习目标，并学习如何分析、比较和评估所教的内容。 [句式分析]　This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是……的原因”，用来表示结果。 (1)That's because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因) (2)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because) [即学活用]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is why they need an English trainer. ②From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. ③The reason why he has been so successful is that he never gives up. ④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写)我没对这次比赛做充分的准备，这是我不想参加比赛的原因。 a．The reason why I am unwilling to take part is that you haven't made full preparations for this writing contest. b．You haven't made full preparations for this writing contest, that's why I am unwilling to take part. c．You are unwilling to take part，that's because you haven't made full preparations for this writing contest. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The objective (目的) of most speeches is to benefit the audience. 2．Students should be involved in community activities where they can gain (获得) experience for growth.(应用文之倡议书) 3．Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college students to pursue (追求) her goal of earning a nursing degree. 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)As a guest, you are expected to share some of your insights (深刻见解) into the way of learning English well. 5．They might feel incompetence if they compared themselves to celebrities (名人) or more brilliant (聪颖的) friends online. 6．Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. 7．(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances (境遇)． 8．These updates should assess (评估) the impact of new information and events. 9．Keep indoors and don't expose (暴露) your skin to the sun. 10．The surrounding (周围的)villages have been absorbed into the growing city. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical (critic) eye. 2．We are asked to put great emphasis on the acquisition (acquire) of practical skills. 3．He had been hanging around aimlessly in the surrounding (surround) town for the whole day. 4．A graduate with a sound judgement (judge) is more competitive in the future job market. 5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Taking responsibility (responsible) for mistakes is a positive step，but don't beat yourself up about them. 6．The two boys have taken the opposite directions respectively (respective) for exploring the right path to the exit. 7．Since those interests hadn't fit Tyson's definition (define) of “cool”， I had never pursued them. 8．Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonourable behaviour (behave). Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2022·浙江1月高考)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self­employed pet transport specialist.Her pet transport job was born of the financial (finance) crisis in the late 2000s. 2．The acquisition (acquire) of wealth is his only purpose. 3．(2023·北京卷)Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic (autonomy)． 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)All the dogs are assessed (assess) and trained properly.There are now 40 dogs working with children aged (age) from 6 to 18. 5．His actions were based on a false assumption (assume)． 6．You should rely on your own judgement (judge)． 7．It's taken a long time to break out of my own conventional (convention) training. 8．It can be beneficial (benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．In conclusion (总之), sport is good for your health and happiness, and for society. 2．His judgement and references are decidedly American, as well as (以及) his delicate stomach. 3．It is a pity that (真遗憾) we shall have to leave tomorrow. 4．That is why (这就是为什么) we decided to cancel the discussion. 5．We freely exchange opinions and ideas around here, regardless of (不用考虑) rank relationship. 6．These children have never been exposed to Western culture (体验西方文化)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$